Prepositional Verbs vs Phrasal Verbs: Phân Biệt Và Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+ IELTS

Giới Thiệu

Prepositional verbs và phrasal verbs là hai nhóm cấu trúc động từ gây nhầm lẫn nhiều nhất cho học viên IELTS người Việt. Mặc dù cả hai đều là sự kết hợp giữa động từ và giới từ/tiểu từ, chúng có cấu trúc ngữ pháp và cách sử dụng hoàn toàn khác nhau. Hiểu rõ sự khác biệt này không chỉ giúp bạn tránh lỗi ngữ pháp mà còn tăng điểm Lexical Resource và Grammatical Range trong IELTS.

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 15-19, cả prepositional verbs và phrasal verbs xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong mọi phần thi:

• Speaking: Part 2 và Part 3 (70% các câu trả lời Band 8+ sử dụng ít nhất 2-3 phrasal/prepositional verbs)
• Writing Task 2: Đặc biệt trong discussion và opinion essays
• Listening: Section 3 và 4 (academic contexts)
• Reading: Tất cả các passages, đặc biệt dạng matching headings

Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:

Speaking Part 2 (Describe a person you admire):
“I’ve always looked up to my grandmother because she cared for six children while running her own business.”
→ Phân tích: “looked up to” (phrasal verb – ngưỡng mộ), “cared for” (prepositional verb – chăm sóc)

Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“Governments should invest in renewable energy to deal with climate change effectively.”
→ Phân tích: “invest in” (prepositional verb – đầu tư vào), “deal with” (prepositional verb – giải quyết)

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing social issues):
“Young people today rely on social media for information rather than searching for reliable sources.”
→ Phân tích: “rely on” (prepositional verb – phụ thuộc vào), “searching for” (prepositional verb – tìm kiếm)

Writing Task 2 (Problem-solution essay):
“To bring about real change, we need to look into the root causes of inequality.”
→ Phân tích: “bring about” (phrasal verb – tạo ra, gây ra), “look into” (phrasal verb – điều tra, xem xét)

Speaking Part 1 (Hobbies topic):
“I came across a fascinating book about photography while browsing in a bookstore.”
→ Phân tích: “came across” (phrasal verb – tình cờ gặp), “browsing in” (prepositional verb – lướt xem ở)

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:
✅ Định nghĩa và sự khác biệt cốt lõi giữa prepositional verbs và phrasal verbs
✅ Công thức cấu trúc chi tiết với phân tích thành phần câu
✅ Cách nhận biết nhanh và chính xác từng loại
✅ Vận dụng vào cả 4 kỹ năng IELTS với 30+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9
✅ Các biến thể transitive/intransitive và separable/inseparable
✅ Top 10 lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách khắc phục
✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết

Prepositional Verbs Và Phrasal Verbs Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa Prepositional Verbs

Prepositional verb là sự kết hợp giữa một động từ và một giới từ (preposition), trong đó giới từ luôn đi kèm với tân ngữ (object). Giới từ và tân ngữ không thể tách rời nhau.

Đặc điểm nhận dạng:

• Động từ + Giới từ + Tân ngữ (không thể đảo vị trí)
• Giới từ giữ nguyên ý nghĩa ngữ pháp của nó
• Không thể tách giới từ ra khỏi tân ngữ
• Trọng âm rơi vào động từ chính

Chức năng chính:

• Diễn tả mối quan hệ giữa hành động và đối tượng
• Thể hiện direction, location, relationship
• Sử dụng trong academic và formal writing

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking: Khi miêu tả thói quen, sở thích, mối quan hệ
• Writing: Academic essays, đặc biệt Task 2 khi phân tích nguyên nhân-kết quả
• Formal contexts: Presentations, formal discussions trong Part 3

Định Nghĩa Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verb là sự kết hợp giữa động từ và một tiểu từ (particle – có thể là adverb hoặc preposition), tạo thành một đơn vị nghĩa hoàn toàn mới, thường khác xa nghĩa gốc của động từ.

Đặc điểm nhận dạng:

• Động từ + Particle (tạo nghĩa mới idiomatic)
• Particle có thể là adverb (up, down, away, out) hoặc preposition
• Một số có thể tách rời (separable), một số không thể (inseparable)
• Trọng âm rơi vào particle

Chức năng chính:

• Tạo nghĩa idiomatic, không đoán được từ nghĩa gốc
• Thể hiện hành động hoàn chỉnh hoặc thay đổi trạng thái
• Phổ biến trong informal và conversational English

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking: Tất cả các parts để tạo sự tự nhiên và native-like
• Writing Task 2: Less formal essays, personal examples
• Demonstrating flexibility: Showing range of vocabulary

Sự Khác Biệt Cốt Lõi

Tiêu chí	Prepositional Verbs	Phrasal Verbs
Cấu trúc	Verb + Preposition + Object	Verb + Particle (± Object)
Ý nghĩa	Giữ nguyên nghĩa gốc	Nghĩa idiomatic mới
Tân ngữ	Bắt buộc có	Có hoặc không tùy loại
Vị trí tân ngữ	Luôn sau preposition	Có thể ở giữa hoặc sau
Trọng âm	Trên động từ chính	Trên particle
Formality	Formal/Academic	Informal/Conversational

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1:
  • Prepositional verbs: 40% (talk about, think about, listen to, wait for)
  • Phrasal verbs: 60% (grow up, hang out, get along with)
• Part 2:
  • Prepositional verbs: 35% (focus on, concentrate on, succeed in)
  • Phrasal verbs: 65% (come across, break down, carry out, set up)
• Part 3:
  • Prepositional verbs: 50% (rely on, depend on, result in, lead to)
  • Phrasal verbs: 50% (bring about, deal with, come up with)

Writing:

• Task 1:
  • Prepositional verbs: 70% (increase by, account for, consist of, compare to)
  • Phrasal verbs: 30% (go up, fall down, level off)
• Task 2:
  • Prepositional verbs: 60% (contribute to, result from, suffer from)
  • Phrasal verbs: 40% (take over, set out, bring about, work out)

Listening:

• Section 1-2: Phrasal verbs chiếm 70% (informal contexts)
• Section 3-4: Prepositional verbs chiếm 65% (academic discussions)

Reading:

• Academic passages: Prepositional verbs 75%
• General Training: Cân bằng 50-50

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Sử dụng được prepositional verbs cơ bản nhưng hạn chế phrasal verbs
• Band 7: Sử dụng cả hai loại chính xác trong nhiều contexts, có một số lỗi nhỏ về separability
• Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt, tự nhiên, biết khi nào dùng formal (prepositional) hay informal (phrasal), không mắc lỗi về vị trí tân ngữ

Phân biệt prepositional verbs và phrasal verbs trong ngữ cảnh IELTS với sơ đồ cấu trúc và ví dụ minh họa

Công Thức Và Cấu Trúc Prepositional Verbs

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC PREPOSITIONAL VERBS:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + Preposition + Object        │
│                                              │
│ Ví dụ: She listens to classical music.      │
│        Students rely on textbooks.           │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• Subject (Chủ ngữ): Người/vật thực hiện hành động
• Verb: Động từ chính, giữ nguyên nghĩa cơ bản
• Preposition: Giới từ liên kết động từ với tân ngữ (at, to, for, on, with, about, from, in, of)
• Object: Tân ngữ – người/vật chịu tác động (BẮT BUỘC phải có)

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu 1: “The research focuses on environmental issues.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: The research (chủ ngữ – nghiên cứu)
• Verb: focuses (động từ chính – tập trung)
• Preposition: on (giới từ – vào)
• Object: environmental issues (tân ngữ – các vấn đề môi trường)
• Nghĩa: Nghiên cứu tập trung vào các vấn đề môi trường

Câu 2: “Many students struggle with mathematics.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: Many students (nhiều học sinh)
• Verb: struggle (gặp khó khăn)
• Preposition: with (với)
• Object: mathematics (môn toán)
• Lưu ý: Không thể nói “struggle mathematics” hay “with mathematics struggle”

Đặc Điểm Quan Trọng

1. Tân ngữ LUÔN đi sau giới từ:

✅ ĐÚNG: “I’m looking for my keys.”
❌ SAI: “I’m looking my keys for.”

2. Không thể tách rời preposition và object:

✅ ĐÚNG: “She cares about the environment.”
❌ SAI: “She cares the environment about.”

3. Giới từ giữ nghĩa ngữ pháp:

• at: hướng đến (look at, stare at, glance at)
• to: phương hướng (listen to, speak to, talk to)
• for: mục đích (wait for, search for, look for)
• on: phụ thuộc (rely on, depend on, concentrate on)
• with: đi kèm (agree with, deal with, cope with)
• about: chủ đề (talk about, think about, worry about)
• from: nguồn gốc (suffer from, result from, benefit from)

Các Prepositional Verbs Thường Gặp Trong IELTS

Nhóm 1: Academic & Formal (Writing Task 2):

Prepositional Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS
account for	chiếm, giải thích	“Tourism accounts for 15% of GDP.”
result in	dẫn đến kết quả	“Pollution results in health problems.”
contribute to	góp phần vào	“Education contributes to economic growth.”
lead to	dẫn tới	“Stress leads to various diseases.”
consist of	bao gồm	“The program consists of three modules.”
depend on	phụ thuộc vào	“Success depends on many factors.”
invest in	đầu tư vào	“Governments should invest in infrastructure.”
focus on	tập trung vào	“Schools focus on academic subjects.”

Nhóm 2: Speaking Topics (Part 1, 2, 3):

Prepositional Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS
talk about	nói về	“Let me talk about my hometown.”
think about	suy nghĩ về	“I often think about my future career.”
listen to	nghe	“I listen to podcasts every day.”
wait for	chờ đợi	“I had to wait for two hours.”
look at	nhìn vào	“When I look at old photos, I feel nostalgic.”
care about	quan tâm đến	“Young people care about environmental issues.”
believe in	tin tưởng vào	“I believe in hard work and dedication.”
succeed in	thành công trong	“She succeeded in passing the exam.”

Nhóm 3: Describing Changes (Writing Task 1):

Prepositional Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS
increase by	tăng thêm (số lượng)	“Sales increased by 20%.”
decrease by	giảm đi (số lượng)	“Emissions decreased by 15%.”
compare to/with	so sánh với	“When compared to 2020, the figure rose.”
rise to	tăng lên đến	“The temperature rose to 35 degrees.”
fall to	giảm xuống còn	“Unemployment fell to 3%.”

Công Thức Và Cấu Trúc Phrasal Verbs

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC PHRASAL VERBS:

Type 1: Intransitive (không cần tân ngữ):

┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + Particle            │
│                                      │
│ Ví dụ: The plane took off.          │
│        Their relationship broke up.   │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘

Type 2: Transitive Inseparable (có tân ngữ, không tách rời):

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + Particle + Object           │
│                                              │
│ Ví dụ: I came across an old friend.         │
│        Scientists look into climate change.   │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Type 3: Transitive Separable (có tân ngữ, có thể tách rời):

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + Object + Particle           │
│        HOẶC                                  │
│ Subject + Verb + Particle + Object           │
│                                              │
│ Ví dụ: Please turn the lights off.          │
│        Please turn off the lights.           │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Phân Loại Chi Tiết

Type 1: Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

Không cần tân ngữ, hành động hoàn chỉnh:

Ví dụ phân tích:

“The economy slowed down during the pandemic.”

• Subject: The economy
• Verb: slowed
• Particle: down
• Nghĩa: Nền kinh tế chậm lại (không cần thêm tân ngữ)

Danh sách thường gặp:

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS Speaking
grow up	lớn lên	“I grew up in a small village.”
break down	hỏng hóc, sụp đổ	“My car broke down yesterday.”
show up	xuất hiện	“He didn’t show up for the meeting.”
get up	thức dậy	“I usually get up at 6 AM.”
give up	từ bỏ	“Never give up on your dreams.”
work out	tập thể dục	“I work out three times a week.”
catch on	trở nên phổ biến	“The trend caught on quickly.”

Type 2: Transitive Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Cần tân ngữ và particle PHẢI đứng liền trước object:

Ví dụ phân tích:

“Governments need to deal with pollution effectively.”

• Subject: Governments
• Verb: deal
• Particle: with
• Object: pollution (PHẢI đứng sau “with”)
• ✅ ĐÚNG: “deal with pollution”
• ❌ SAI: “deal pollution with”

Danh sách quan trọng cho IELTS:

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS
come across	tình cờ gặp	“I came across this article while researching.”
look after	chăm sóc	“Nurses look after patients carefully.”
look into	điều tra, xem xét	“The committee will look into the matter.”
run into	tình cờ gặp	“I ran into my teacher at the mall.”
get over	vượt qua	“It took time to get over the disappointment.”
go through	trải qua	“Many people went through hardships.”
count on	tin tưởng, trông cậy	“You can count on me.”
look forward to	mong đợi	“I look forward to hearing from you.”

Type 3: Transitive Separable Phrasal Verbs

Có thể đặt tân ngữ ở giữa hoặc sau particle:

Quy tắc quan trọng:

• Nếu object là DANH TỪ → cả 2 vị trí đều đúng
• Nếu object là ĐẠI TỪ (it, them, him, her) → BẮT BUỘC ở giữa

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Với danh từ:
✅ “Please turn off the television.” (particle + noun)
✅ “Please turn the television off.” (noun + particle)

Với đại từ:
✅ “Please turn it off.” (pronoun + particle)
❌ “Please turn off it.” (SAI – không được dùng)

Danh sách Separable Phrasal Verbs thường gặp:

Phrasal Verb	Nghĩa	Ví dụ cả 2 dạng
turn on/off	bật/tắt	“Turn on the light” / “Turn it on”
pick up	nhặt lên, đón	“Pick up the book” / “Pick it up”
put on	mặc vào	“Put on your coat” / “Put it on”
take off	cởi ra	“Take off your shoes” / “Take them off”
give up	từ bỏ	“Give up smoking” / “Give it up”
work out	giải quyết	“Work out the problem” / “Work it out”
figure out	hiểu ra	“Figure out the answer” / “Figure it out”
bring up	đề cập, nuôi dạy	“Bring up the issue” / “Bring it up”
carry out	thực hiện	“Carry out research” / “Carry it out”
set up	thành lập	“Set up a business” / “Set it up”

Cấu trúc và phân loại phrasal verbs separable và inseparable với ví dụ minh họa chi tiết

So Sánh Trực Tiếp Prepositional Verbs Và Phrasal Verbs

Bảng So Sánh Toàn Diện

Tiêu chí	Prepositional Verbs	Phrasal Verbs
Cấu trúc	Verb + Preposition + Object (bắt buộc)	Verb + Particle (± Object)
Ý nghĩa	Literal – giữ nghĩa gốc của verb và preposition	Idiomatic – nghĩa mới khác hoàn toàn
Tân ngữ	Luôn có và luôn sau preposition	Có hoặc không, vị trí linh hoạt
Tách rời	Không bao giờ	Có thể (nếu transitive separable)
Trọng âm	Verb (LOOK at, FOCUS on)	Particle (look UP, take OFF)
Đại từ	Sau preposition: “look at IT”	Giữa verb và particle: “look IT up”
Passive Voice	Common: “The issue was talked about”	Less common: “The meeting was called off”
Formality	Formal/Academic	Informal/Conversational
IELTS Usage	Writing Task 1, 2; Speaking Part 3	Speaking Part 1, 2; Personal examples

Ví Dụ Cặp Đôi Dễ Nhầm Lẫn

1. Look for (prepositional) vs Look up (phrasal)

Look for (prepositional verb) = search for, tìm kiếm:

• “I’m looking for my glasses.” (tìm cái kính)
• ❌ KHÔNG THỂ: “I’m looking my glasses for”
• ✅ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ: “I’m looking for them”

Look up (phrasal verb – separable) = search for information, tra cứu:

• “Look up the word in a dictionary.” (tra từ)
• “Look the word up in a dictionary.” (cả 2 đều đúng)
• ✅ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ: “Look it up” (BẮT BUỘC ở giữa)
• ❌ SAI: “Look up it”

2. Get over (phrasal – inseparable) vs Get on (phrasal – intransitive)

Get over (vượt qua – cần tân ngữ, không tách):

• “It took months to get over the illness.”
• ❌ SAI: “get the illness over”

Get on (hòa hợp, tiến triển – không cần tân ngữ):

• “We get on really well.” (chúng tôi rất hợp nhau)
• “How are you getting on?” (bạn tiến triển thế nào?)

3. Rely on (prepositional) vs Depend on (prepositional)

Rely on (tin tưởng, phụ thuộc vào):

• “Students rely on the internet for information.”
• ✅ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ: “rely on it” (sau preposition)

Depend on (phụ thuộc vào – tương tự):

• “Success depends on hard work.”
• ✅ VỚI ĐẠI TỪ: “depends on it”

Cả hai đều là prepositional verbs, object luôn sau preposition.

Cách Nhận Biết Nhanh

BƯỚC 1: Kiểm tra ý nghĩa

• Nghĩa có đoán được từ verb gốc? → Có thể là Prepositional Verb
• Nghĩa hoàn toàn mới, khó đoán? → Nhiều khả năng là Phrasal Verb

Ví dụ:

• “talk about” = talk (nói) + about (về) → nghĩa rõ ràng → Prepositional
• “break down” = break (vỡ) + down (xuống) → nhưng nghĩa là “hỏng” → Phrasal

BƯỚC 2: Thử đặt trọng âm

• Đọc với trọng âm trên verb → nghe tự nhiên → Prepositional
• Đọc với trọng âm trên particle → nghe đúng → Phrasal

BƯỚC 3: Thử tách rời (nếu có tân ngữ)

• Không thể tách → Prepositional Verb hoặc Inseparable Phrasal
• Tách được → Separable Phrasal Verb

BƯỚC 4: Thử với đại từ

• “Verb + preposition + it/them” nghe đúng → Prepositional
• “Verb + it/them + particle” bắt buộc → Separable Phrasal

Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Speaking

Part 1: Introduction And Interview

Topics thường gặp: Hometown, Study, Work, Hobbies, Family

Prepositional Verbs trong Part 1:

Q: “Do you enjoy your job?”
A: “Yes, I really care about my work because it allows me to help people. I also get along with my colleagues, which makes the working environment pleasant.”
→ Phân tích: “care about” (prepositional), “get along with” (phrasal inseparable)

Q: “What do you usually do in your free time?”
A: “I usually listen to music or read books. I also like to talk about current events with my friends over coffee.”
→ Phân tích: “listen to” và “talk about” (cả hai đều là prepositional verbs – formal, clear meaning)

Phrasal Verbs trong Part 1:

Q: “Where did you grow up?”
A: “I grew up in Hanoi. My family moved there when I was five, and I’ve lived there ever since.”
→ Phân tích: “grew up” (phrasal intransitive), “moved there” (không phải phrasal verb – move là verb đơn)

Q: “How do you usually get to work?”
A: “I usually take the bus, but sometimes I run into traffic jams, so I try to set off earlier to avoid being late.”
→ Phân tích: “run into” (phrasal inseparable), “set off” (phrasal intransitive)

Tips cho Part 1:

• Dùng 60% phrasal verbs để tự nhiên, conversational
• 40% prepositional verbs cho clarity
• Tránh quá formal bằng cách cân bằng cả hai

Part 2: Long Turn

Cue Card Example:
“Describe a difficult decision you had to make.”

Sample Answer Band 8:

“I’d like to talk about a challenging decision I faced last year when I had to give up my stable job to pursue further education.

At that time, I was working on several important projects and my career was taking off. However, I knew that I needed to invest in my education to move forward in the long term.

The decision was difficult because I had to deal with financial pressure and also let go of the security of a regular salary. Many people tried to talk me out of this decision, but I stuck to my plan.

After thinking about it carefully for months, I finally came to the conclusion that education was more important. I looked into various scholarship opportunities and eventually came across a fully-funded program.

Now, looking back, I don’t regret making that choice. It was hard to cope with the uncertainty at first, but I’ve learned to depend on myself more and have grown tremendously from the experience.”

Phân tích Band 8 features:

• Phrasal verbs: give up, working on, taking off, move forward, deal with, let go of, talk me out of, stuck to, came to, looked into, came across, cope with
• Prepositional verbs: invest in, thinking about, depend on, regret (verb đơn)
• Mix ratio: 70% phrasal (tạo tính tự nhiên), 30% prepositional (rõ ràng)
• Separable usage: Không dùng separable form vì không có pronoun objects trong context này

Part 3: Two-way Discussion

Topic: Changes in Society

Q: “How has technology changed the way people work?”

Band 7 Answer:
“Technology has really changed the workplace. Many people now rely on computers and the internet to carry out their daily tasks. Companies have set up remote working systems, which means employees don’t have to commute to the office every day. This leads to more flexibility but also results in some people feeling isolated.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Prepositional verbs: rely on, commute to, leads to, results in (formal, academic)
• Phrasal verbs: carry out, set up (professional context)
• Balance: 60% prepositional (đúng cho formal discussion), 40% phrasal

Band 8-9 Answer:
“Technology has fundamentally transformed the modern workplace. Nowadays, employees heavily depend on digital tools to carry out tasks that once required face-to-face interaction. Organizations have set up sophisticated remote working infrastructures, allowing staff to work from virtually anywhere.

However, this shift has brought about both benefits and challenges. While it caters to those seeking work-life balance, it has also given rise to concerns about productivity and mental health. Some workers struggle with the lack of human connection and find it difficult to separate from their work life.

Looking ahead, I believe companies will need to look into these issues carefully and come up with solutions that account for both efficiency and employee wellbeing. They might need to bring in new policies that focus on hybrid models rather than purely remote arrangements.”

Phân tích Band 8-9:

• Prepositional verbs (academic): depend on, work from, caters to, separate from, look into, account for, focus on
• Phrasal verbs (sophisticated): carry out, set up, brought about, given rise to, struggle with, come up with, bring in
• Complex structures: “given rise to concerns”, “account for both X and Y”
• Range: Wide variety, không lặp lại

Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Writing

Writing Task 1: Describing Data

Prepositional Verbs chủ đạo trong Task 1:

Line Graph Example:

“The graph illustrates changes in renewable energy consumption from 2010 to 2023.

Overall, solar energy accounted for the largest increase, rising from 10% to 35% of total renewable energy. This figure increased by 25 percentage points over the period.

In contrast, wind energy consisted of only 15% in 2010 but rose to 28% by 2023. Coal consumption decreased by 40% and fell to its lowest point in 2023.

When compared to previous years, 2020 marked a turning point. The trend resulted from government policies that invested in clean energy infrastructure.”

Phân tích:

• Prepositional verbs chính: accounted for, increased by, consisted of, rose to, decreased by, fell to, compared to, resulted from, invested in
• Không dùng phrasal verbs vì Task 1 yêu cầu formal academic style
• Focus: Accuracy trong data description

Table/Chart Description:

“The table compares figures for population growth across four countries.

Japan’s population decreased from 125 million to 120 million, which accounts for a 4% decline. This contrasts with India, where the population increased to 1.4 billion.

These changes resulted in different economic impacts. Countries with aging populations now rely on immigration to maintain workforce levels.”

Writing Task 2: Essays

Opinion Essay – Band 8 Sample Paragraph:

Topic: “Some people believe that technology has made life more complex. To what extent do you agree?”

“Technology has undoubtedly brought about significant changes in modern life, but whether these changes have made life more complex is debatable. On one hand, people must deal with an overwhelming amount of information daily and cope with constant digital distractions. Many individuals struggle with maintaining a healthy work-life balance because they cannot switch off from their devices.

However, technology has also led to numerous conveniences. Smart devices take care of routine tasks, allowing people to focus on more important activities. Apps can work out schedules, carry out financial transactions, and look up information instantly. Rather than making life complex, technology actually helps people deal with complexity more efficiently.

Ultimately, the issue depends on how individuals use technology. Those who invest in learning digital skills and set up proper boundaries will benefit from technological advances. In contrast, people who fail to keep up with changes may indeed find modern life overwhelming.”

Phân tích Band 8 features:

• Phrasal verbs (25%): brought about, deal with, cope with, struggle with, switch off, take care of, work out, carry out, look up, set up, keep up with
• Prepositional verbs (75%): focus on, led to, depends on, invest in, benefit from
• Balance: Heavy on prepositional verbs cho academic tone, phrasal verbs chọn lọc cho flexibility
• Complexity: Kết hợp cả hai trong complex sentences

Problem-Solution Essay:

Topic: “Environmental problems are too big for individual countries to solve. Discuss.”

“Environmental degradation has resulted from decades of unsustainable practices, and the scale of these problems calls for international cooperation. Individual nations cannot deal with climate change alone because pollution does not conform to national borders.

To address this issue, countries must cooperate on developing green technologies and agree on binding emissions targets. International organizations should look into enforcement mechanisms and come up with penalties for non-compliance.

Furthermore, developed nations should invest in renewable energy projects in developing countries, as global progress depends on collective action. Only by working together can humanity bring about meaningful change.”

Phân tích:

• Prepositional verbs: resulted from, calls for, conform to, address (không phải prepositional), cooperate on, agree on, invest in, depends on
• Phrasal verbs: deal with, look into, come up with, bring about, working together
• Academic tone: Maintained through prepositional verb dominance

Advanced Writing Techniques

Passive Voice với Prepositional Verbs:

✅ “Climate change is being talked about in international forums.”
✅ “The issue has been looked into by researchers.”
✅ “New policies will be invested in by the government.”

Passive Voice với Phrasal Verbs:

✅ “The meeting was called off due to bad weather.”
✅ “The proposal has been brought up several times.”
✅ “This matter should be dealt with immediately.”

Nominalization cho Band 9:

Thay vì: “Technology has brought about changes…”
Nâng cao: “The bringing about of technological change has…”

Thay vì: “Companies invest in employee training…”
Nâng cao: “Corporate investment in human capital is essential…”

Ví dụ đoạn văn Writing Task 2 IELTS band 8 có sử dụng phrasal verbs và prepositional verbs được highlight

Nâng Cao: Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Phức Tạp

1. Phrasal Verbs + Relative Clauses:

“The challenges that young people come up against in the job market require innovative solutions.”
→ Band 8+ features: Phrasal verb “come up against” trong relative clause, tạo độ phức tạp

“The system which was set up by the government has proven effective.”
→ Passive + relative clause: Sophisticated structure

2. Prepositional Verbs + Gerunds:

“Investing in education is crucial for economic development.”
→ Prepositional verb làm chủ ngữ (gerund phrase)

“Many people are concerned about relying on fossil fuels.”
→ Prepositional verb sau about (preposition + gerund)

“Students should focus on improving their critical thinking skills.”
→ Prepositional verb + gerund object

3. Modal Verbs + Phrasal/Prepositional Verbs:

“Governments should look into renewable energy sources.”
→ Modal + phrasal verb

“Companies must invest in sustainable practices.”
→ Modal + prepositional verb

“We might have to deal with severe consequences.”
→ Modal perfect + phrasal verb

4. Perfect Tenses cho Band 8+:

“Scientists have been looking into this phenomenon for decades.”
→ Present perfect continuous + phrasal verb (emphasize ongoing research)

“The problem has resulted from years of neglect.”
→ Present perfect + prepositional verb (show cause-effect relationship)

“By 2030, renewable energy will have accounted for 50% of consumption.”
→ Future perfect + prepositional verb (prediction)

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao (Academic Collocations)

Prepositional Verbs với Academic Nouns:

Collocation	Ví dụ Band 8+	Band Level
contribute to sustainability	“Green technologies contribute to environmental sustainability.”	8
result in consequences	“Poor planning results in unforeseen consequences.”	7+
lead to implications	“This policy leads to far-reaching implications.”	8+
account for variations	“Cultural differences account for variations in behavior.”	8+
invest in infrastructure	“Developing nations must invest in digital infrastructure.”	7+
rely on methodologies	“Researchers rely on rigorous methodologies.”	8+
focus on priorities	“Governments should focus on economic priorities.”	7
depend on variables	“The outcome depends on multiple variables.”	8+

Phrasal Verbs với Academic Context:

Collocation	Ví dụ Band 8+	Band Level
carry out research	“Scientists carried out extensive research into climate patterns.”	8
bring about transformation	“Technology brought about radical transformation.”	8+
set up frameworks	“Organizations set up regulatory frameworks.”	8
come up with solutions	“Experts came up with innovative solutions.”	7+
deal with complexity	“Modern systems deal with increasing complexity.”	8
look into feasibility	“The committee looked into the feasibility of the project.”	8+
work out mechanisms	“Negotiators worked out compromise mechanisms.”	8+
give rise to phenomena	“Globalization gave rise to new economic phenomena.”	9

Câu Phức Và Ghép Nâng Cao

Mẫu 1: Complex sentence với prepositional verbs:

“While some argue that technology has resulted in social isolation, others contend that it has actually contributed to stronger global connections, depending on how individuals engage with digital platforms.”

→ Phân tích Band 9:

• Multiple clauses với while/others structure
• 4 prepositional verbs tích hợp tự nhiên
• Balanced argument structure
• Academic vocabulary (contend, engage with)

Mẫu 2: Compound-complex với phrasal verbs:

“Companies must deal with increasing competition; therefore, they need to come up with innovative strategies that can bring about sustainable growth, and they should look into emerging markets that take off in developing regions.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+:

• 5 phrasal verbs trong một câu compound-complex
• Logical connectors (therefore, that, and)
• Mix của inseparable (deal with) và transitive (bring about)

Mẫu 3: Conditional với both types:

“If governments invest in renewable energy and set up proper incentives, businesses will rely on clean technologies, which will ultimately lead to reduced emissions and bring about environmental recovery.”

→ Phân tích:

• Conditional structure
• Mix prepositional (invest in, rely on, lead to) và phrasal (set up, bring about)
• Cause-effect chain

Mẫu 4: Passive sophisticated:

“The issue has been looked into by multiple committees, yet no consensus has been arrived at, and the problems that need to be dealt with continue to result in public frustration.”

→ Phân tích Band 9:

• Multiple passive constructions
• Relative clause với phrasal verb
• Complex temporal relationship (present perfect)

Techniques For Natural Flow

1. Variation trong cùng một topic:

Thay vì lặp “focus on” nhiều lần:

• First mention: “focus on”
• Second mention: “concentrate on” (prepositional)
• Third mention: “direct attention to” (prepositional)
• Fourth mention: “look at” (phrasal)

2. Register shifting (Band 9 skill):

Introduction (formal): “This essay will focus on the implications…”
Body (mix): “Young people must deal with these challenges while also concentrating on their studies…”
Conclusion (formal): “To address these concerns, societies should invest in…”

Lỗi Thường Gặp Và Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Tách Rời Prepositional Verbs

❌ SAI:
“I’m looking my keys for.”
“She relies the internet on for information.”
“Students should focus their studies on.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I’m looking for my keys.”
“She relies on the internet for information.”
“Students should focus on their studies.”

Giải thích:
Prepositional verbs KHÔNG BAO GIỜ được tách rời. Giới từ phải luôn đứng ngay trước tân ngữ. Đây là lỗi phổ biến nhất của học viên Việt Nam vì bị ảnh hưởng từ separable phrasal verbs.

Cách nhớ:

• Nếu particle giữ nghĩa ngữ pháp rõ ràng (on = trên, to = đến, for = cho) → KHÔNG TÁCH
• Test: Đọc to và nghe xem trọng âm rơi vào đâu. Nếu trên verb → prepositional → không tách

Luyện tập:
Chuyển sang dạng đại từ để test:

• “look for my keys” → “look for them” ✅ (không phải “look them for”)
• “rely on the internet” → “rely on it” ✅

Lỗi 2: Đặt Sai Vị Trí Đại Từ Với Separable Phrasal Verbs

❌ SAI:
“Please turn off it.”
“I picked up them from the station.”
“She gave up it after one week.”
“Can you work out it?”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Please turn it off.”
“I picked them up from the station.”
“She gave it up after one week.”
“Can you work it out?”

Giải thích:
Với separable phrasal verbs, khi tân ngữ là đại từ (it, them, him, her, me, us), đại từ BẮT BUỘC phải đứng giữa verb và particle. Đây là quy tắc không có ngoại lệ.

Lưu ý quan trọng:

• Danh từ: cả 2 vị trí OK → “turn off the light” HOẶC “turn the light off”
• Đại từ: CHỈ 1 vị trí → “turn it off” (không có lựa chọn khác)

Công thức nhớ:

NOUN: Verb + Particle + Noun ✅ / Verb + Noun + Particle ✅
PRONOUN: Verb + Pronoun + Particle ✅ / Verb + Particle + Pronoun ❌

Practice sentences:

1. “I need to fill out this form” → “I need to fill it out” ✅
2. “Put on your jacket” → “Put it on” ✅
3. “They called off the meeting” → “They called it off” ✅

Lỗi 3: Nhầm Lẫn Nghĩa Prepositional Và Phrasal

❌ SAI (nhầm nghĩa):
“I looked up my teacher at the ceremony.” (ý muốn: nhìn lên thầy giáo)
→ Sai vì “look up” = tra cứu, không phải “nhìn lên”

“I came across the street.” (ý muốn: băng qua đường)
→ Sai vì “come across” = tình cờ gặp, không phải “băng qua”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I looked at my teacher at the ceremony.” (prepositional – nhìn vào)
“I looked up TO my teacher.” (phrasal inseparable – ngưỡng mộ)

“I crossed the street.” (verb đơn)
“I came across an old friend on the street.” (phrasal – tình cờ gặp)

Giải thích:
Học viên Việt thường dịch nghĩa đen từ tiếng Việt:

• “nhìn lên” → nghĩ ngay “look up” → SAI (look up = search information)
• “gặp qua” → nghĩ “come across” → Chỉ đúng khi “tình cờ gặp”

Cách phân biệt:

• Prepositional: Nghĩa literal, đoán được (look AT = nhìn VÀO)
• Phrasal: Nghĩa idiomatic, phải học thuộc (look UP = tra cứu, không phải “nhìn lên”)

Cặp dễ nhầm:

Prepositional	Nghĩa	Phrasal	Nghĩa
look at	nhìn vào	look up	tra cứu
look for	tìm kiếm	look up to	ngưỡng mộ
get on (bus)	lên xe	get on (with sb)	hòa hợp
go on	tiếp tục	go on (về thời gian)	trôi qua

Lỗi 4: Thiếu Tân Ngữ Với Transitive Verbs

❌ SAI:
“I’m looking for.” (thiếu tân ngữ)
“Students should focus on.” (thiếu tân ngữ)
“The committee will look into.” (thiếu tân ngữ)
“We need to deal with.” (thiếu tân ngữ)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I’m looking for my phone.”
“Students should focus on their studies.”
“The committee will look into the matter.”
“We need to deal with this problem.”

Giải thích:
Cả prepositional verbs và transitive phrasal verbs ĐỀU CẦN tân ngữ. Không thể bỏ trống.

Ngoại lệ – Intransitive phrasal verbs không cần tân ngữ:
✅ “The plane took off.” (không cần thêm gì)
✅ “I grew up in Hanoi.” (in Hanoi là prepositional phrase, không phải object của grow up)
✅ “The meeting was called off.” (passive, không cần object)

Cách test:
Hỏi “What?” sau verb:

• “focus on” → focus on WHAT? → cần tân ngữ
• “look into” → look into WHAT? → cần tân ngữ
• “give up” → give up WHAT? (nếu transitive) / hoặc không cần (nếu intransitive)

Lỗi 5: Dùng Sai Giới Từ/Particle

❌ SAI:
“I’m interested about this topic.” (sai giới từ)
“She graduated from university in 2020.” ✅ NHƯNG “She graduated university in 2020.” (Mỹ) ✅
“Discuss about the issue.” (sai – discuss không đi với about)
“I depend of you.” (sai particle)
“Students rely in technology.” (sai preposition)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I’m interested IN this topic.”
“She graduated FROM university in 2020.” (Anh) / “She graduated university in 2020.” (Mỹ)
“Discuss the issue.” (discuss là transitive verb, không cần preposition)
“I depend ON you.”
“Students rely ON technology.”

Giải thích:
Mỗi verb chỉ đi với một preposition cố định. Không thể thay đổi tùy ý.

Common mistakes của người Việt:

Lỗi thường gặp	Sai	Đúng
Interested	interested about ❌	interested IN ✅
Depend	depend of ❌	depend ON ✅
Focus	focus at ❌	focus ON ✅
Wait	wait to ❌	wait FOR ✅
Listen	listen ❌ (thiếu prep)	listen TO ✅
Discuss	discuss about ❌	discuss (+ object) ✅
Explain	explain about ❌	explain (+ object) ✅
Concentrate	concentrate at ❌	concentrate ON ✅

Cách nhớ – Nhóm theo preposition:

ON group: focus on, depend on, rely on, concentrate on, insist on, count on, work on

TO group: listen to, talk to, speak to, refer to, lead to, contribute to, object to

FOR group: wait for, look for, search for, care for, apply for, ask for

WITH group: deal with, agree with, disagree with, cope with, provide with

FROM group: suffer from, result from, benefit from, differ from, graduate from

Lỗi 6: Passive Voice Không Đúng

❌ SAI:
“The problem was dealt.” (thiếu with)
“The meeting was called.” (thiếu off)
“The issue should be looked.” (thiếu into)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“The problem was dealt WITH.”
“The meeting was called OFF.”
“The issue should be looked INTO.”

Giải thích:
Khi chuyển phrasal/prepositional verbs sang passive, PHẢI GIỮ NGUYÊN particle/preposition.

Pattern:

Active: They dealt with the problem.
Passive: The problem was dealt WITH. (giữ nguyên "with")

Active: Someone called off the meeting.
Passive: The meeting was called OFF. (giữ nguyên "off")

More examples:

• “This matter needs to be looked INTO carefully.”
• “The proposal has been brought UP several times.”
• “New regulations will be brought IN next year.”
• “The children are being looked AFTER by their grandmother.”

Lỗi 7: Thêm Preposition Thừa

❌ SAI:
“Discuss about the problem.” (discuss đã transitive)
“Explain about the issue.” (explain đã transitive)
“Mention about the event.” (mention đã transitive)
“Describe about your hometown.” (describe đã transitive)
“Enter into the room.” (enter đã transitive – ngoại lệ: enter INTO a contract ✅)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Discuss the problem.”
“Explain the issue.”
“Mention the event.”
“Describe your hometown.”
“Enter the room.” (NHƯNG “enter INTO a contract/agreement”)

Giải thích:
Một số động từ trong tiếng Anh là transitive (ngoại động từ), nhận tân ngữ trực tiếp KHÔNG CẦN giới từ. Học viên Việt thường thêm “about” vì trong tiếng Việt có “về”.

Verbs không cần preposition:

Verb	❌ Sai	✅ Đúng
discuss	discuss about ❌	discuss ✅
explain	explain about ❌	explain ✅
mention	mention about ❌	mention ✅
describe	describe about ❌	describe ✅
answer	answer to ❌	answer ✅
reach	reach to ❌	reach ✅
approach	approach to ❌	approach ✅
attend	attend to ❌ (nghĩa khác)	attend ✅
marry	marry with ❌	marry ✅

Ngoại lệ cần lưu ý:

• “attend the meeting” ✅ (dự họp)
• “attend TO a patient” ✅ (chăm sóc bệnh nhân – nghĩa khác)
• “marry someone” ✅ (kết hôn với ai)
• “be married TO someone” ✅ (ở trạng thái đã kết hôn)

Infographic tổng hợp 7 lỗi thường gặp khi dùng phrasal verbs và prepositional verbs với ví dụ sai và đúng

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Phân Loại Prepositional Hay Phrasal Verb

Xác định mỗi cụm từ in đậm là Prepositional Verb (P) hay Phrasal Verb (Ph):

1. She looked after her younger siblings while her parents were away.
2. Students should focus on improving their writing skills.
3. The company set up a new branch in Singapore last year.
4. I came across your article while researching online.
5. Scientists rely on data to support their hypotheses.
6. The plane took off on time despite bad weather.
7. We need to deal with this problem immediately.
8. Children should listen to their teachers carefully.
9. I ran into my old classmate at the supermarket.
10. The government should invest in renewable energy.
11. She gave up smoking two years ago.
12. The report accounts for all possible scenarios.
13. I couldn’t work out the answer to that math problem.
14. Success depends on many different factors.
15. The manager will look into your complaint tomorrow.

Bài Tập 2: Điền Preposition Hoặc Particle Đúng

Hoàn thành câu với preposition/particle phù hợp:

1. Students should concentrate _____ their studies during exam period.
2. I grew _____ in a small village in the countryside.
3. The committee will look _____ the proposal and give feedback.
4. Young people today rely heavily _____ social media for news.
5. Please turn _____ the lights when you leave the room.
6. The project resulted _____ significant improvements in efficiency.
7. She came _____ a rare book while browsing in the library.
8. We need to deal _____ climate change before it’s too late.
9. The company invested millions _____ research and development.
10. I’m looking forward _____ hearing from you soon.
11. Technology has brought _____ major changes in education.
12. The new policy led _____ increased productivity.
13. Please pick _____ your toys before dinner.
14. The team came _____ with an innovative solution.
15. This problem calls _____ immediate attention.

Bài Tập 3: Sửa Lỗi Sai

Tìm và sửa lỗi trong các câu sau (mỗi câu có 1 lỗi):

1. I’m looking my glasses for everywhere.
2. Please turn off it before you go to bed.
3. Students should focus at their goals.
4. She grew in a multicultural environment.
5. The government should invest on education.
6. I came my old diary across while cleaning.
7. We need to discuss about this matter carefully.
8. The manager will look the issue into tomorrow.
9. Young people depend of technology too much.
10. Please pick up them on your way home.
11. I ran to my teacher into at the mall.
12. The meeting was called yesterday off.
13. Scientists rely in accurate data.
14. She gave smoking up last year.
15. This situation calls immediate action for.

Bài Tập 4: Viết Lại Câu Với Phrasal/Prepositional Verbs

Viết lại câu sử dụng phrasal/prepositional verb trong ngoặc, giữ nguyên nghĩa:

1. I found this information by chance. (come across)
   → _____

2. The plane left the ground at 6 AM. (take off)
   → _____

3. We must find a solution to this problem. (deal with)
   → _____

4. She stopped smoking last year. (give up)
   → _____

5. Scientists trust data to make conclusions. (rely on)
   → _____

6. The committee will investigate the complaint. (look into)
   → _____

7. Children should pay attention to their parents. (listen to)
   → _____

8. The government established a new agency. (set up)
   → _____

9. This factor explains 30% of the variation. (account for)
   → _____

10. I’m anticipating your response. (look forward to)
    → _____

Bài Tập 5: Chọn Vị Trí Đúng Cho Tân Ngữ

Chọn câu đúng (có thể có nhiều đáp án đúng):

1. Separable phrasal verb với danh từ:
   a) Turn off the television.
   b) Turn the television off.
   c) Turn off it.
   Đáp án đúng: ___

2. Separable phrasal verb với đại từ:
   a) Pick up it from the station.
   b) Pick it up from the station.
   c) Pick up them from the station.
   Đáp án đúng: ___

3. Prepositional verb:
   a) I’m looking for my keys.
   b) I’m looking my keys for.
   c) I’m looking for them.
   Đáp án đúng: ___

4. Inseparable phrasal verb:
   a) Look after the children carefully.
   b) Look the children after carefully.
   c) Look after them carefully.
   Đáp án đúng: ___

5. Transitive separable:
   a) Work out the problem.
   b) Work the problem out.
   c) Work it out.
   d) Work out it.
   Đáp án đúng: ___

Bài Tập 6: Viết Câu Hoàn Chỉnh (IELTS Practice)

Sử dụng cấu trúc cho sẵn viết câu hoàn chỉnh cho IELTS:

Speaking Part 2: Describe a difficult decision

1. (have to / give up / job / pursue / education)
   → _____

2. (deal with / financial pressure / at that time)
   → _____

3. (look into / scholarship opportunities)
   → _____

Writing Task 2: Environmental problems

4. (governments / should / invest in / renewable energy)
   → _____

5. (pollution / result in / serious health problems)
   → _____

6. (we / need to / deal with / climate change / urgently)
   → _____

Speaking Part 3: Technology changes

7. (technology / bring about / significant changes / workplace)
   → _____

8. (people / rely on / smartphones / daily activities)
   → _____

Bài Tập 7: Gap-Fill Paragraph (IELTS Writing Style)

Điền phrasal/prepositional verbs phù hợp vào đoạn văn:

(Từ cho sẵn: rely on, brought about, deal with, invest in, result in, look into, come up with, set up, focus on, account for)

“Technology has (1)__ revolutionary changes in education. Students now (2)__ online resources for learning, which (3)__ both benefits and challenges.

Educational institutions have (4)__ digital platforms to facilitate remote learning. However, this shift requires significant (5)__ infrastructure and teacher training.

To (6)__ these challenges effectively, schools must (7)__ innovative solutions. Research shows that digital tools (8)__ approximately 40% of learning improvement when used correctly.

Educators should (9)__ pedagogical methods rather than just technology itself. Universities are beginning to (10)__ the long-term impacts of online education on student outcomes.”

Bài Tập 8: Translation (Vietnamese to English)

Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Anh sử dụng phrasal/prepositional verbs:

1. Tôi lớn lên ở Hà Nội và đã sống ở đây suốt đời.
   → _____

2. Sinh viên nên tập trung vào việc cải thiện kỹ năng của mình.
   → _____

3. Chính phủ cần đầu tư vào giáo dục và y tế.
   → _____

4. Chúng ta phải giải quyết vấn đề ô nhiễm ngay lập tức.
   → _____

5. Tôi tình cờ gặp giáo viên cũ của mình ở siêu thị.
   → _____

6. Công ty đã thành lập chi nhánh mới ở Singapore.
   → _____

7. Sự thay đổi này dẫn đến nhiều cải tiến trong hiệu quả làm việc.
   → _____

8. Cô ấy đã bỏ hút thuốc hai năm trước.
   → _____

Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1: Phân Loại

1. looked after – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Inseparable, nghĩa idiomatic “chăm sóc”
2. focus on – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa literal “tập trung vào”
3. set up – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Separable, nghĩa “thành lập”
4. came across – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Inseparable, nghĩa “tình cờ gặp”
5. rely on – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa “phụ thuộc vào”
6. took off – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Intransitive, nghĩa “cất cánh”
7. deal with – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Inseparable, nghĩa “giải quyết”
8. listen to – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa literal “nghe”
9. ran into – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Inseparable, nghĩa “tình cờ gặp”
10. invest in – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa “đầu tư vào”
11. gave up – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Separable, nghĩa “từ bỏ”
12. accounts for – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa “chiếm, giải thích”
13. work out – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Separable, nghĩa “giải quyết, tìm ra”
14. depends on – Prepositional Verb (P) – Nghĩa “phụ thuộc vào”
15. look into – Phrasal Verb (Ph) – Inseparable, nghĩa “điều tra, xem xét”

Tổng kết:

• Prepositional Verbs (P): 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14 (6 câu)
• Phrasal Verbs (Ph): 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 (9 câu)

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2: Điền Preposition/Particle

1. on – concentrate ON (prepositional verb)
2. up – grew UP (phrasal verb – intransitive)
3. into – look INTO (phrasal verb – investigate)
4. on – rely ON (prepositional verb)
5. off – turn OFF (phrasal verb – separable)
6. in – resulted IN (prepositional verb)
7. across – came ACROSS (phrasal verb – inseparable)
8. with – deal WITH (phrasal verb – inseparable)
9. in – invested IN (prepositional verb)
10. to – looking forward TO (prepositional verb – fixed phrase)
11. about – brought ABOUT (phrasal verb – separable)
12. to – led TO (prepositional verb)
13. up – pick UP (phrasal verb – separable)
14. up – came UP with (phrasal verb – inseparable, 3 words)
15. for – calls FOR (prepositional verb – require)

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3: Sửa Lỗi

1. ❌ “I’m looking my glasses for everywhere.”
   ✅ “I’m looking FOR my glasses everywhere.”
   Lỗi: Tách rời prepositional verb

2. ❌ “Please turn off it before you go to bed.”
   ✅ “Please turn IT off before you go to bed.”
   Lỗi: Đại từ phải ở giữa với separable phrasal verb

3. ❌ “Students should focus at their goals.”
   ✅ “Students should focus ON their goals.”
   Lỗi: Sai preposition (focus ON, không phải AT)

4. ❌ “She grew in a multicultural environment.”
   ✅ “She grew UP in a multicultural environment.”
   Lỗi: Thiếu particle “up” (grow up = lớn lên)

5. ❌ “The government should invest on education.”
   ✅ “The government should invest IN education.”
   Lỗi: Sai preposition (invest IN, không phải ON)

6. ❌ “I came my old diary across while cleaning.”
   ✅ “I came ACROSS my old diary while cleaning.”
   Lỗi: Inseparable phrasal verb không được tách

7. ❌ “We need to discuss about this matter carefully.”
   ✅ “We need to discuss this matter carefully.”
   Lỗi: Discuss là transitive verb, không cần “about”

8. ❌ “The manager will look the issue into tomorrow.”
   ✅ “The manager will look INTO the issue tomorrow.”
   Lỗi: Inseparable phrasal verb, không tách rời

9. ❌ “Young people depend of technology too much.”
   ✅ “Young people depend ON technology too much.”
   Lỗi: Sai preposition (depend ON, không phải OF)

10. ❌ “Please pick up them on your way home.”
    ✅ “Please pick THEM up on your way home.”
    Lỗi: Đại từ phải ở giữa

11. ❌ “I ran to my teacher into at the mall.”
    ✅ “I ran INTO my teacher at the mall.”
    Lỗi: Thừa “to”, run into = tình cờ gặp

12. ❌ “The meeting was called yesterday off.”
    ✅ “The meeting was called OFF yesterday.”
    Lỗi: Particle phải ngay sau verb trong passive

13. ❌ “Scientists rely in accurate data.”
    ✅ “Scientists rely ON accurate data.”
    Lỗi: Sai preposition

14. ❌ “She gave smoking up last year.”
    ✅ “She gave UP smoking last year.”
    Lỗi: Với gerund, particle nên đứng trước

15. ❌ “This situation calls immediate action for.”
    ✅ “This situation calls FOR immediate action.”
    Lỗi: Prepositional verb không tách rời

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4: Viết Lại Câu

1. “I came across this information while researching.”

2. “The plane took off at 6 AM.”

3. “We must deal with this problem.”

4. “She gave up smoking last year.”

5. “Scientists rely on data to make conclusions.”

6. “The committee will look into the complaint.”

7. “Children should listen to their parents.”

8. “The government set up a new agency.”

9. “This factor accounts for 30% of the variation.”

10. “I’m looking forward to your response.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 5: Vị Trí Tân Ngữ

1. Đáp án: a) và b) đều đúng

   • Turn off the television. ✅
   • Turn the television off. ✅
   • Separable với danh từ có thể cả 2 vị trí

2. Đáp án: b) đúng

   • Pick it up from the station. ✅
   • Đại từ BẮT BUỘC ở giữa

3. Đáp án: a) và c) đều đúng

   • I’m looking for my keys. ✅
   • I’m looking for them. ✅
   • Prepositional verb, object luôn sau preposition

4. Đáp án: a) và c) đều đúng

   • Look after the children carefully. ✅
   • Look after them carefully. ✅
   • Inseparable phrasal verb

5. Đáp án: a), b), c) đúng; d) SAI

   • Work out the problem. ✅
   • Work the problem out. ✅
   • Work it out. ✅
   • Work out it. ❌

Đáp Án Bài Tập 6: Viết Câu IELTS

Speaking Part 2:

1. “I had to give up my job to pursue further education.”

2. “I had to deal with significant financial pressure at that time.”

3. “I looked into various scholarship opportunities.”

Writing Task 2:

4. “Governments should invest in renewable energy to combat climate change.”

5. “Air pollution results in serious health problems for millions of people.”

6. “We need to deal with climate change urgently before it’s too late.”

Speaking Part 3:

7. “Technology has brought about significant changes in the modern workplace.”

8. “People nowadays rely on smartphones for their daily activities.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 7: Gap-Fill

1. brought about (tạo ra)
2. rely on (phụ thuộc vào)
3. results in (dẫn đến)
4. set up (thành lập)
5. investment in (đầu tư vào)
6. deal with (giải quyết)
7. come up with (nghĩ ra)
8. account for (chiếm)
9. focus on (tập trung vào)
10. look into (xem xét)

Đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh:

“Technology has brought about revolutionary changes in education. Students now rely on online resources for learning, which results in both benefits and challenges.

Educational institutions have set up digital platforms to facilitate remote learning. However, this shift requires significant investment in infrastructure and teacher training.

To deal with these challenges effectively, schools must come up with innovative solutions. Research shows that digital tools account for approximately 40% of learning improvement when used correctly.

Educators should focus on pedagogical methods rather than just technology itself. Universities are beginning to look into the long-term impacts of online education on student outcomes.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 8: Translation

1. “I grew up in Hanoi and have lived here all my life.”

2. “Students should focus on improving their skills.”

3. “The government needs to invest in education and healthcare.”

4. “We must deal with pollution immediately.”

5. “I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket.”

6. “The company set up a new branch in Singapore.”

7. “This change resulted in many improvements in work efficiency.”

8. “She gave up smoking two years ago.”

Kết Luận Và Lộ Trình Luyện Tập

Tóm Tắt Các Điểm Quan Trọng

Sự khác biệt cốt lõi:

• Prepositional Verbs: Verb + Preposition + Object (không tách, nghĩa literal, formal)
• Phrasal Verbs: Verb + Particle (có thể tách với separable types, nghĩa idiomatic, informal)

5 quy tắc vàng:

1. Prepositional verbs KHÔNG BAO GIỜ tách rời
2. Đại từ với separable phrasal verbs BẮT BUỘC ở giữa
3. Inseparable phrasal verbs giống prepositional verbs về cấu trúc
4. Trọng âm: Prepositional (trên verb), Phrasal (trên particle)
5. Register: Prepositional (formal/academic), Phrasal (informal/natural)

Chiến lược cho IELTS:

• Writing: Ưu tiên prepositional verbs (60-70%) cho academic tone
• Speaking Part 1, 2: Phrasal verbs (60-70%) cho natural flow
• Speaking Part 3: Cân bằng 50-50 để vừa formal vừa natural
• Band 8+: Biết khi nào dùng loại nào, không mắc lỗi vị trí tân ngữ

Lộ Trình Học 4 Tuần

Tuần 1: Foundation (Nền tảng)

• Ngày 1-2: Học 20 prepositional verbs phổ biến nhất
• Ngày 3-4: Học 20 phrasal verbs thường gặp (intransitive + inseparable)
• Ngày 5-6: Practice phân biệt hai loại
• Ngày 7: Review và test

Tuần 2: Separable Phrasal Verbs (Trọng tâm)

• Ngày 1-2: Học 15 separable phrasal verbs
• Ngày 3-4: Luyện vị trí tân ngữ (noun vs pronoun)
• Ngày 5-6: Passive voice với phrasal/prepositional verbs
• Ngày 7: Mixed practice

Tuần 3: IELTS Application

• Ngày 1-2: Speaking Part 1, 2 practice (10 topics)
• Ngày 3-4: Speaking Part 3 + Writing Task 2 integration
• Ngày 5-6: Writing Task 1 (prepositional verbs cho data)
• Ngày 7: Full Speaking + Writing mock test

Tuần 4: Advanced & Consolidation

• Ngày 1-2: Band 8+ collocations (academic contexts)
• Ngày 3-4: Complex sentences với both types
• Ngày 5: Error correction (focus 7 lỗi thường gặp)
• Ngày 6: Timed practice (Speaking 15 phút + Writing 40 phút)
• Ngày 7: Final assessment

Đề Luyện Tập Tại Nhà

Speaking Practice Topics (10-15 phút mỗi đề):

Topic 1: Technology

• Part 2: Describe a piece of technology you rely on
• Yêu cầu: Use “rely on”, “set up”, “deal with”, “come across”, “bring about”

Topic 2: Education

• Part 3: How has education changed in your country?
• Yêu cầu: Use “invest in”, “result in”, “focus on”, “look into”, “bring about”

Topic 3: Environment

• Part 3: What can individuals do about climate change?
• Yêu cầu: Use “deal with”, “contribute to”, “rely on”, “give up”, “result in”

Writing Practice Topics (40 phút mỗi đề):

Writing Task 2 – Opinion Essay:
“Some people think that governments should invest more money in public transportation rather than building new roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”

Required structures:

• invest in (ít nhất 2 lần)
• result in / lead to (1 lần)
• deal with (1 lần)
• 2-3 phrasal verbs: bring about, set up, carry out

Writing Task 2 – Problem-Solution:
“Many young people today rely too heavily on technology. What problems does this cause and what solutions can you suggest?”

Required structures:

• rely on / depend on (2-3 lần)
• result in / lead to (2 lần)
• deal with / cope with (1 lần)
• come up with, bring about, look into (1-2 lần)

Writing Task 1 – Line Graph:
Practice describing trends using: increase by, decrease by, account for, consist of, compare to, rise to, fall to

Resources Để Học Thêm

Recommended Study Materials:

1. English Phrasal Verbs in Use (Cambridge) – Advanced level
2. Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for IELTS
3. Cambridge Grammar for IELTS – Unit on Multi-word verbs
4. Collins Work on Your Phrasal Verbs for IELTS

Online Practice:

• Quizlet sets: “IELTS Phrasal Verbs Band 7-9”
• EnglishClub.com: Phrasal Verbs section
• BBC Learning English: 6 Minute Grammar (Phrasal Verbs episodes)

Apps:

• Phrasal Verbs Machine (iOS/Android)
• Johnny Grammar Word Challenge (British Council)

Final Tips Cho IELTS

Để đạt Band 7:

• Sử dụng 5-7 phrasal/prepositional verbs khác nhau trong Speaking
• Không mắc lỗi về vị trí tân ngữ
• Mix cả formal và informal appropriately

Để đạt Band 8:

• Sử dụng 8-10+ verbs với variety cao
• Biết khi nào dùng separable/inseparable
• Natural collocation (carry out research, bring about change)
• Passive voice với phrasal verbs

Để đạt Band 9:

• Sophisticated academic collocations
• Complex sentences tích hợp nhiều structures
• Zero errors trong mọi contexts
• Register control hoàn hảo

Thành công trong việc sử dụng phrasal verbs và prepositional verbs không chỉ giúp bạn đạt Band cao trong IELTS mà còn làm cho tiếng Anh của bạn tự nhiên và native-like hơn. Hãy dành thời gian luyện tập đều đặn và áp dụng vào giao tiếp hàng ngày. Good luck với kỳ thi IELTS của bạn!