Modal verb “would” là một trong những động từ khiếm khuyết quan trọng và linh hoạt nhất trong tiếng Anh, xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong kỳ thi IELTS. Cấu trúc này được sử dụng để diễn tả nhiều ý nghĩa khác nhau như giả định, thói quen trong quá khứ, lời đề nghị lịch sự, và dự đoán, đặc biệt hữu ích trong Speaking Part 2, Part 3 và Writing Task 2.
Theo thống kê từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, “would” xuất hiện với tần suất rất cao trong:
- Speaking: Part 2 và Part 3 (mô tả giả định, đưa ra ý kiến, nói về quá khứ)
- Writing Task 2: Câu điều kiện, giả định, đề xuất giải pháp
- Writing Task 1: Miêu tả dự đoán và xu hướng tương lai
Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:
Speaking Part 2 (Describe a person you admire):
“If I could meet anyone in history, I would choose Marie Curie because she revolutionized science.”
→ Phân tích: [If clause] + [subject] + [would] + [base verb] – diễn tả điều ước không có thật ở hiện tại.
Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“Some people argue that investing in public transportation would significantly reduce traffic congestion in major cities.”
→ Phân tích: [Subject] + [would] + [adverb] + [base verb] – diễn tả kết quả có thể xảy ra trong tương lai.
Speaking Part 3 (Discussing past habits):
“When I was younger, I would spend hours reading books in the library every weekend.”
→ Phân tích: [Time expression] + [subject] + [would] + [base verb] – mô tả thói quen lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ.
Writing Task 2 (Problem-Solution essay):
“It would be beneficial if governments implemented stricter environmental regulations.”
→ Phân tích: [It] + [would be] + [adjective] + [if clause] – đưa ra đề xuất một cách trang trọng.
Speaking Part 1 (Preferences):
“I would prefer to work in a team rather than independently because I enjoy collaborating with others.”
→ Phân tích: [Subject] + [would prefer] + [to-infinitive] – thể hiện sở thích một cách lịch sự và học thuật.
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:
✅ Định nghĩa và 8 ý nghĩa chính của modal verb “would”
✅ Công thức chi tiết với thành phần câu cho từng trường hợp sử dụng
✅ Cách vận dụng “would” vào cả 4 kỹ năng IELTS với hơn 30 ví dụ thực tế
✅ Các biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+ bao gồm cụm từ học thuật
✅ So sánh “would” với “used to”, “will”, và “could”
✅ 8 lỗi thường gặp nhất của học viên Việt Nam và cách khắc phục
✅ Bài tập thực hành đa dạng kèm đáp án chi tiết
Modal Verb Would Là Gì?
Định Nghĩa
Modal verb “would” là một động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb) đa chức năng trong tiếng Anh, được sử dụng để diễn tả nhiều ý nghĩa khác nhau tùy theo ngữ cảnh. Khác với các động từ thường, “would” không chia theo ngôi, không thêm “-s/-es” ở ngôi thứ ba số ít, và luôn đi kèm với động từ nguyên thể không “to”.
Chức năng chính:
- Diễn tả điều kiện giả định: Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 để nói về tình huống không có thật hoặc trái với thực tế
- Mô tả thói quen trong quá khứ: Nói về hành động thường xuyên xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không còn nữa
- Đưa ra lời đề nghị, yêu cầu lịch sự: Làm cho câu nói trang trọng và lịch sự hơn
- Thể hiện sở thích: Diễn tả điều mà người nói muốn hoặc thích
- Dự đoán tương lai trong quá khứ: Nói về điều được nghĩ sẽ xảy ra từ góc nhìn quá khứ
- Đưa ra lời khuyên gián tiếp: Đề xuất hành động một cách nhẹ nhàng
- Diễn tả sự từ chối trong quá khứ: Mô tả việc ai đó không chịu làm gì trong quá khứ
- Biểu đạt ý kiến cá nhân một cách thận trọng: Làm mềm nhận định để tránh quá khẳng định
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking: Câu điều kiện giả định (Part 2, 3), mô tả sở thích (Part 1), đưa ra ý kiến thận trọng (Part 3)
- Writing: Câu điều kiện (Task 2), đưa ra đề xuất giải pháp (Task 2), dự đoán xu hướng (Task 1)
- Listening/Reading: Nhận diện ý giả định, dự đoán, và thói quen quá khứ trong các đoạn hội thoại và văn bản
Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS
Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:
Speaking:
- Part 1: Tần suất trung bình – Thường xuất hiện trong câu hỏi về sở thích (“Would you like to…?”, “I would prefer…”), kế hoạch tương lai (“I would like to travel…”), và ý kiến cá nhân
- Part 2: Tần suất cao – Đặc biệt hữu ích khi mô tả tình huống giả định (“If I could…, I would…”), giải thích lý do lựa chọn (“I chose this because it would…”), và mô tả thói quen quá khứ (“Every summer, we would…”)
- Part 3: Tần suất rất cao – Xuất hiện trong hầu hết các câu trả lời về dự đoán tương lai (“This would lead to…”), đưa ra giải pháp (“Governments would need to…”), và thảo luận về tình huống giả định (“If society changed…, people would…”)
Writing:
- Task 1: Tần suất thấp đến trung bình – Chủ yếu dùng để dự đoán xu hướng tương lai hoặc mô tả dữ liệu dự kiến (“The graph predicts that sales would increase…”)
- Task 2: Tần suất rất cao – Xuất hiện trong các dạng bài Problem-Solution (“This would help to reduce…”), Opinion (“I would argue that…”), Discussion (“Some would claim that…”), và Advantage-Disadvantage (“One benefit would be…”)
Listening/Reading:
- Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các đoạn hội thoại học thuật (academic discussions), mô tả kế hoạch, đưa ra đề xuất, và thảo luận về các tình huống giả định
- Cần nhận diện để hiểu chính xác ý định của người nói/viết, đặc biệt phân biệt giữa sự thật và giả định
Band Score Impact:
- Band 6: Có thể sử dụng “would” trong các cấu trúc cơ bản (điều kiện loại 2, đề nghị lịch sự) nhưng còn lỗi về vị trí và ngữ cảnh
- Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác “would” trong nhiều ngữ cảnh khác nhau, có khả năng kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức tạp
- Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt và tự nhiên “would” trong tất cả các chức năng, kết hợp với các cấu trúc nâng cao và cụm từ học thuật, không mắc lỗi
Sơ đồ công thức và cách dùng modal verb would trong IELTS Band 8
Công Thức & Cấu Trúc
Công Thức Cơ Bản
📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + would + base verb + complement │
│ │
│ Ví dụ: I would travel around the world │
│ if I had enough money. │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Thành phần câu:
- Subject (Chủ ngữ): Người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động – có thể là danh từ, đại từ, hoặc cụm danh từ
- Would: Modal verb không chia theo ngôi, luôn giữ nguyên dạng với tất cả các chủ ngữ
- Base verb (Động từ nguyên thể): Động từ chính ở dạng nguyên thể không “to” (V1)
- Complement: Thành phần bổ sung ý nghĩa cho câu (tân ngữ, trạng ngữ, bổ ngữ)
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
Câu: “She would become a better speaker if she practiced more regularly.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: She (chủ ngữ – đại từ nhân xưng)
- Modal verb: would (động từ khiếm khuyết)
- Main verb: become (động từ chính – dạng nguyên thể)
- Object/Complement: a better speaker (bổ ngữ)
- Conditional clause: if she practiced more regularly (mệnh đề điều kiện – cung cấp điều kiện giả định)
Các Biến Thể
1. Dạng khẳng định:
Subject + would + base verb + complement
- I would study abroad if I could afford it.
- Technology would improve education significantly.
- Most people would prefer flexible working hours.
2. Dạng phủ định:
Subject + would not (wouldn't) + base verb + complement
- I wouldn’t recommend this approach to beginners.
- The government wouldn’t approve this proposal without further evidence.
- She wouldn’t accept the job offer because the salary was too low.
3. Dạng nghi vấn:
Would + subject + base verb + complement?
- Would you consider moving to another country for work?
- Would this solution help to reduce pollution levels?
- What would happen if we implemented this policy?
4. Dạng câu hỏi phủ định (nhấn mạnh):
Wouldn't + subject + base verb + complement?
- Wouldn’t it be better to focus on renewable energy?
- Wouldn’t this create more problems than it solves?
- Wouldn’t you agree that education is fundamental to development?
5. Dạng bị động:
Subject + would + be + past participle + (by agent)
- This issue would be resolved if more funding were allocated.
- The environment would be protected by stricter regulations.
- New technologies would be developed to address climate change.
Signal Words – Các Từ/Cụm Từ Thường Đi Kèm
Các từ/cụm từ thường đi kèm modal verb “would”:
| Signal Words | Ý nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| if | nếu (điều kiện) | If I were rich, I would donate to charity. |
| when I was young/younger | khi tôi còn trẻ | When I was younger, I would play football every day. |
| every time | mỗi lần | Every time it rained, we would stay indoors. |
| in that case | trong trường hợp đó | In that case, I would suggest a different approach. |
| rather than | hơn là | I would choose online learning rather than traditional classes. |
| it would be + adj | sẽ là… | It would be beneficial to implement this policy. |
| would prefer to | thích…hơn | I would prefer to work independently. |
| would like to | muốn | I would like to discuss this further. |
| would rather | thích…hơn | I would rather live in the countryside than in the city. |
| would tend to | có xu hướng | People would tend to choose convenience over quality. |
| would be likely to | có khả năng | Students would be likely to perform better with smaller class sizes. |
| would have the potential to | có tiềm năng | This technology would have the potential to revolutionize healthcare. |
Tám Cách Sử Dụng Would Trong IELTS
Cách 1: Câu Điều Kiện Loại 2 (Unreal Present/Future)
Công thức:
If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb
Ý nghĩa: Diễn tả điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, hoặc trái với thực tế hiện tại.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 3: Trả lời câu hỏi giả định về xã hội, giáo dục, môi trường
- Writing Task 2: Đưa ra giả thuyết, phân tích tình huống không có thật
Ví dụ:
-
“If governments invested more in renewable energy, the world would become more sustainable.”
- Phân tích: Điều kiện không có thật (thực tế chính phủ chưa đầu tư đủ) → kết quả giả định
-
“If people had better access to education, poverty rates would decrease significantly.”
- Phân tích: Giả định về điều chưa xảy ra → hệ quả có thể xảy ra
-
“What would you do if you won the lottery?”
- Phân tích: Câu hỏi giả định về tình huống không chắc xảy ra
Cách 2: Câu Điều Kiện Loại 3 (Unreal Past)
Công thức:
If + subject + had + past participle, subject + would have + past participle
Ý nghĩa: Diễn tả điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ, trái với sự thật đã xảy ra.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 2: Mô tả những gì bạn ước đã xảy ra khác đi
- Writing Task 2: Phân tích lịch sử, đưa ra giả định về quá khứ
Ví dụ:
-
“If I had studied harder in high school, I would have been accepted to a better university.”
- Phân tích: Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ → hệ quả không xảy ra
-
“If governments had acted sooner, climate change would not have become so severe.”
- Phân tích: Hối tiếc về hành động không làm trong quá khứ
-
“The economic crisis would have been avoided if banks had been more carefully regulated.”
- Phân tích: Dạng bị động của câu điều kiện loại 3
Cách 3: Thói Quen Trong Quá Khứ (Past Habits)
Công thức:
Subject + would + base verb + time expression
Ý nghĩa: Mô tả hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ nhưng không còn nữa. Tương tự “used to” nhưng mang tính chủ động và nhấn mạnh tính lặp lại hơn.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 2: Mô tả kỷ niệm thời thơ ấu, thói quen cũ
- Writing Task 2: So sánh quá khứ và hiện tại
Ví dụ:
-
“When I was a child, I would spend every summer at my grandparents’ farm.”
- Phân tích: Thói quen lặp lại mỗi mùa hè trong quá khứ
-
“My father would always read me bedtime stories before I went to sleep.”
- Phân tích: Hành động thường xuyên trong quá khứ, có tính chất ấm áp
-
“During university, we would meet at the library every evening to study together.”
- Phân tích: Hoạt động lặp lại đều đặn trong một giai đoạn quá khứ
Lưu ý: “Would” cho thói quen quá khứ chỉ dùng với động từ hành động (action verbs), không dùng với động từ trạng thái (state verbs) như “be, have, know, like”. Với động từ trạng thái, phải dùng “used to”.
- ❌ Sai: “I would be very shy when I was young.”
- ✅ Đúng: “I used to be very shy when I was young.”
Cách 4: Lời Đề Nghị & Yêu Cầu Lịch Sự (Polite Requests)
Công thức:
Would you (please) + base verb...?
Would you mind + V-ing...?
I/We would like to + base verb...
Ý nghĩa: Làm cho lời yêu cầu, đề nghị trở nên lịch sự và trang trọng hơn.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 1: Tương tác với giám khảo
- Writing Task 1 (Letter): Formal letters
- Speaking Part 3: Đưa ra đề xuất một cách học thuật
Ví dụ:
-
“Would you mind explaining that question again?”
- Phân tích: Yêu cầu lịch sự, thích hợp trong bối cảnh thi
-
“I would like to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of remote working.”
- Phân tích: Cách diễn đạt trang trọng khi bắt đầu câu trả lời
-
“Would it be possible to have a few more seconds to think about my answer?”
- Phân tích: Yêu cầu thêm thời gian một cách lịch sự
-
“We would appreciate it if the government could invest more in public transportation.”
- Phân tích: Đề xuất chính sách một cách trang trọng trong Writing Task 2
Cách 5: Thể Hiện Sở Thích & Lựa Chọn (Preferences)
Công thức:
Subject + would prefer to + base verb
Subject + would rather + base verb (+ than + base verb)
Subject + would like to + base verb
Ý nghĩa: Diễn tả điều mà người nói muốn, thích, hoặc lựa chọn.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 1: Câu hỏi về sở thích cá nhân
- Speaking Part 3: So sánh các lựa chọn khác nhau
- Writing Task 2: Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân
Ví dụ:
-
“I would prefer to study in a quiet environment rather than in a noisy café.”
- Phân tích: So sánh hai lựa chọn, thể hiện sở thích rõ ràng
-
“Most students would rather learn through practical experience than theoretical lectures.”
- Phân tích: “Would rather…than” – cấu trúc so sánh sở thích phổ biến
-
“I would like to travel to Japan because of its rich cultural heritage.”
- Phân tích: Thể hiện mong muốn kèm lý do
-
“Many people would choose job satisfaction over a high salary.”
- Phân tích: Đưa ra xu hướng lựa chọn chung của mọi người
Cách 6: Dự Đoán Tương Lai Trong Quá Khứ (Future in the Past)
Công thức:
Subject + thought/believed/knew + (that) + subject + would + base verb
Ý nghĩa: Diễn tả điều mà người ta nghĩ sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai từ góc nhìn quá khứ.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 2: Kể về kỳ vọng trong quá khứ
- Writing Task 2: Mô tả xu hướng được dự đoán
Ví dụ:
-
“Ten years ago, experts predicted that renewable energy would become the dominant power source by 2025.”
- Phân tích: Dự đoán từ quá khứ về tương lai (so với thời điểm dự đoán)
-
“I always knew that studying abroad would broaden my perspectives significantly.”
- Phân tích: Nhận thức trong quá khứ về điều sẽ xảy ra sau đó
-
“Nobody imagined that technology would advance so rapidly in just two decades.”
- Phân tích: Dự đoán không ngờ tới từ góc nhìn quá khứ
Cách 7: Đưa Ra Lời Khuyên Gián Tiếp (Indirect Advice)
Công thức:
I would + base verb (if I were you)
Subject + would be advised to + base verb
It would be better/wise/advisable to + base verb
Ý nghĩa: Đề xuất hành động một cách nhẹ nhàng, không áp đặt.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 3: Đưa ra giải pháp cho vấn đề xã hội
- Writing Task 2: Problem-Solution essays
Ví dụ:
-
“If I were in your position, I would focus on developing practical skills.”
- Phân tích: Lời khuyên gián tiếp bằng cách đặt mình vào vị trí người khác
-
“Students would be advised to balance their academic work with extracurricular activities.”
- Phân tích: Lời khuyên mang tính chất đề xuất, không bắt buộc
-
“It would be wise for governments to invest in preventive healthcare rather than just treatment.”
- Phân tích: Đề xuất chính sách một cách thận trọng và có tính học thuật
-
“I would recommend that young people gain work experience before pursuing higher education.”
- Phân tích: Lời khuyên dựa trên kinh nghiệm cá nhân
Cách 8: Diễn Đạt Ý Kiến Thận Trọng (Tentative Opinions)
Công thức:
I would say/argue/suggest + (that)...
It would seem/appear + (that)...
One would assume/expect + (that)...
Ý nghĩa: Làm mềm nhận định, tránh phát biểu quá khẳng định, thể hiện tính học thuật.
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking Part 3: Đưa ra quan điểm về vấn đề phức tạp
- Writing Task 2: Thể hiện ý kiến một cách khách quan
Ví dụ:
-
“I would argue that education is the most effective tool for reducing inequality.”
- Phân tích: Đưa ra lập luận một cách trang trọng và có tính học thuật
-
“It would seem that social media has both positive and negative impacts on society.”
- Phân tích: Nhận xét thận trọng, không quá chủ quan
-
“One would assume that economic development leads to improved living standards.”
- Phân tích: Giả định hợp lý dựa trên logic chung
-
“I would suggest that the benefits of globalization outweigh its drawbacks.”
- Phân tích: Đề xuất quan điểm một cách nhẹ nhàng, mở cửa cho thảo luận
Tám cách sử dụng modal verb would trong bài thi IELTS để đạt Band 8-9
Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS
Speaking
Part 1 – Introduction & Interview
Topic thường gặp: Hobbies, preferences, daily routine, hometown, future plans
Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:
Q1: “Do you prefer studying alone or with others?”
A: “I would prefer to study alone most of the time because I can concentrate better without distractions. However, when preparing for exams, I would sometimes join study groups to exchange ideas and clarify difficult concepts.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “would prefer” để thể hiện sở thích cá nhân một cách lịch sự và học thuật. Câu trả lời thể hiện sự linh hoạt và đưa ra hai tình huống khác nhau, giúp tăng điểm Fluency và Coherence.
Q2: “What would you like to change about your hometown?”
A: “If I could change one thing, I would improve the public transportation system. Currently, most people rely on private vehicles, which causes terrible traffic congestion. Better public transport would encourage more people to leave their cars at home.”
→ Phân tích: Kết hợp câu điều kiện loại 2 (“If I could…, I would…”) để trả lời câu hỏi giả định. Sử dụng “would” để diễn tả kết quả có thể xảy ra, thể hiện khả năng suy luận logic – yếu tố quan trọng cho Band 7+.
Q3: “Did you have any hobbies when you were a child?”
A: “Yes, when I was younger, I would spend hours drawing and painting. Every weekend, my parents would take me to art classes, and I would practice different techniques. Those experiences really shaped my appreciation for creativity.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “would” để mô tả thói quen lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ. Cách dùng này tự nhiên hơn việc lặp lại “used to” nhiều lần, thể hiện range of grammar structures cho Band 7+.
Part 2 – Long Turn
Cue card example:
“Describe a skill you would like to learn in the future.”
Sample answer:
“I’d like to talk about photography, which is a skill I would love to master if I had more free time. If I learned photography, I would be able to capture important moments in a more artistic way, rather than just taking ordinary snapshots with my phone.
I first became interested in this skill when I visited an exhibition last year. The photographs were breathtaking, and I thought to myself, ‘I would give anything to create images like these.’ Since then, I would occasionally browse online tutorials, but I haven’t had the chance to practice seriously.
If I could dedicate time to learning photography, I would start by taking a professional course to understand the technical aspects like aperture, shutter speed, and composition. Then I would practice regularly by photographing different subjects – landscapes, portraits, street scenes. I would also join a photography club where I could receive feedback from experienced photographers.
This skill would benefit me in several ways. Firstly, it would give me a creative outlet to express myself. Secondly, it would help me appreciate beauty in everyday life. When I was younger, I would never notice small details in my surroundings, but I believe photography would train me to see the world differently. Finally, if I became proficient enough, I would perhaps even turn it into a side business, taking photos for events or selling prints online.
Overall, I think photography would enrich my life significantly, which is why it’s at the top of my list of skills to learn.”
→ Phân tích Band 8+ features:
- Variety of “would” usage: Preferences (“would love to”), conditional (“If I learned…I would be able to”), past habits (“would occasionally browse”), future plans (“would start”), benefits (“would benefit me”)
- Complex structures: Kết hợp “would” với các mệnh đề phức, relative clauses, và parallel structures
- Natural flow: Sử dụng “would” một cách tự nhiên, không gượng ép
- Lexical resource: “would give anything”, “would train me to see”, “would perhaps even turn it into”
Part 3 – Discussion
Typical questions using modal verb “would”:
Q1: “How would society change if everyone had access to free education?”
A: “That’s an interesting hypothetical question. I would argue that free universal education would transform society dramatically. Firstly, it would reduce inequality because children from low-income families would have the same opportunities as their wealthier peers. This would break the cycle of poverty that many families experience.
Secondly, I believe that crime rates would decrease significantly. Research shows that education and criminal behavior are inversely related – when people receive proper education, they would be less likely to engage in illegal activities because they would have better employment prospects.
However, I would also point out some potential challenges. If education were completely free, governments would need to allocate massive budgets, which would mean less funding for other important sectors like healthcare. Additionally, the quality of education might suffer if systems became overcrowded.
Nevertheless, I would say that the long-term benefits would outweigh the short-term costs. An educated population would drive innovation, economic growth, and social progress.”
→ Band 8-9 features:
- Sophisticated use: Multiple functions of “would” (hypothetical results, predictions, tentative opinions)
- Academic style: “I would argue that…”, “I would point out…”, “I would say that…”
- Complex reasoning: Cause-and-effect relationships using “would”
- Balanced argument: Presenting both benefits and challenges
Q2: “Do you think traditional skills will disappear in the future?”
A: “I wouldn’t say they’ll disappear completely, but they would certainly become less common. In the past, every generation would pass down traditional skills like weaving, carpentry, or farming techniques to the next generation. However, with modernization, fewer young people would choose to learn these skills when they can pursue careers in technology or business.
That said, I would suggest that there’s growing interest in preserving traditional crafts. If governments and educational institutions invested in cultural preservation programs, these skills would survive. For example, offering workshops or integrating traditional arts into school curricula would encourage young people to appreciate and learn these skills.
One would assume that some traditional skills might even experience a revival. As people become tired of mass-produced goods, they would be more willing to pay for handmade, artisanal products. This economic incentive would motivate some individuals to master traditional techniques.”
→ Band 8-9 features:
- Nuanced opinion: Using “wouldn’t” to qualify statements, avoiding absolute claims
- Historical comparison: “would pass down”, “would choose” showing changes over time
- Suggestions with “would”: Proposing solutions using conditional structures
- Impersonal style: “One would assume” for academic tone
Writing Task 1
Khi Nào Dùng “Would” Trong Task 1
Modal verb “would” trong Writing Task 1 chủ yếu xuất hiện khi:
- Mô tả dự đoán hoặc kế hoạch tương lai: Khi biểu đồ/bản đồ cho thấy projected data hoặc planned development
- Đưa ra nhận xét thận trọng: Khi phân tích xu hướng không chắc chắn
- Mô tả quy trình giả định: Khi giải thích các bước có thể xảy ra
Lưu ý: Task 1 thường ưu tiên các thì quá khứ (nếu là dữ liệu quá khứ) hoặc hiện tại đơn (quy trình), nên “would” ít phổ biến hơn so với Task 2. Chỉ dùng “would” khi đề bài có yếu tố dự đoán hoặc giả định rõ ràng.
Ví dụ 1: Line graph với projected data (2020-2030)
Đề bài: “The graph shows the actual CO2 emissions from 2020 to 2024 and projected emissions from 2025 to 2030.”
Sample sentence:
“According to the projections, CO2 emissions would increase steadily from 2025 onwards, reaching approximately 500 million tonnes by 2030. This would represent a 25% rise compared to current levels. If this trend continues, global temperatures would be likely to rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius.”
→ Vận dụng: Sử dụng “would” để mô tả dự đoán tương lai dựa trên dữ liệu biểu đồ, thể hiện sự khác biệt giữa số liệu thực tế và dự kiến.
Ví dụ 2: Map showing planned development
Đề bài: “The maps show a town as it is now and planned development for 2030.”
Sample sentences:
“The proposed plan indicates that a new shopping center would be constructed in the northern area, replacing the current farmland. This development would likely attract more residents to the town. Additionally, the existing two-lane road would be expanded into a four-lane highway, which would improve traffic flow significantly.”
→ Vận dụng: “Would” kết hợp với passive voice để mô tả các kế hoạch phát triển, thể hiện tính chưa chắc chắn của các dự án tương lai.
Writing Task 2
Essay Types Sử Dụng “Would”
Modal verb “would” là công cụ quan trọng trong tất cả các dạng bài Task 2, giúp tăng tính học thuật và độ chính xác của lập luận.
Opinion Essay
Topic: “Some people believe that studying abroad is essential for personal development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
Sample body paragraph:
“I would argue that studying abroad offers unique benefits that cannot be replicated in one’s home country. Firstly, students who study overseas would be exposed to different cultures and perspectives, which would broaden their worldview significantly. For example, a Vietnamese student studying in the UK would learn to appreciate diversity and develop cross-cultural communication skills. These experiences would make them more adaptable and open-minded, qualities that are invaluable in today’s globalized workplace.
Moreover, international education would enhance career prospects considerably. Employers often view candidates with overseas qualifications more favorably, as they would have demonstrated independence, resilience, and language proficiency. A graduate from a prestigious foreign university would typically have better networking opportunities and access to multinational companies. Therefore, I would contend that the investment in studying abroad would yield substantial returns in terms of both personal growth and professional development.”
→ Phân tích:
- “I would argue that…” – Đưa ra quan điểm một cách học thuật
- “would be exposed to”, “would broaden”, “would enhance” – Diễn tả kết quả có khả năng cao
- “I would contend that…” – Nhấn mạnh lập luận chính
- “would yield” – Dự đoán lợi ích tương lai
Problem-Solution Essay
Topic: “Traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious in major cities. What problems does this cause, and what solutions can be implemented?”
Sample solution paragraph:
“To address these issues effectively, I would recommend several measures. First and foremost, governments would need to invest heavily in public transportation infrastructure. If cities had comprehensive metro systems and efficient bus networks, more people would choose to leave their cars at home, which would reduce the number of vehicles on roads. This would not only alleviate congestion but would also decrease air pollution.
Additionally, implementing congestion charges would be an effective deterrent. If drivers had to pay fees to enter city centers during peak hours, many would opt for alternative transportation methods or adjust their travel times. This policy has proven successful in cities like London, where traffic volumes would typically decrease by 20-30% after such measures were introduced.
Finally, promoting remote working would help distribute traffic more evenly throughout the day. If companies allowed employees to work from home several days per week, rush hour traffic would be significantly reduced. This would benefit not only commuters but also businesses, as employees would be more productive and less stressed.”
→ Phân tích:
- “I would recommend…” – Đề xuất giải pháp một cách chuyên nghiệp
- Conditional structures với “would” – Giải thích mối quan hệ nhân quả
- “would need to”, “would have to” – Thể hiện sự cần thiết
- “would typically decrease” – Dẫn chứng xu hướng dựa trên bằng chứng
Discussion Essay
Topic: “Some people think technology makes life more complex, while others believe it simplifies life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
Sample paragraph discussing first view:
“Those who believe technology complicates life would point to several valid concerns. They would argue that constant connectivity through smartphones and social media creates stress and anxiety, as people feel they must respond to messages immediately. If we didn’t have these devices, individuals would have more time for face-to-face interactions and genuine relaxation. Furthermore, critics would highlight that rapid technological changes require continuous learning, which can be overwhelming, especially for older generations. A person who mastered computer skills five years ago would need to relearn everything as software and systems evolve. This constant adaptation would understandably cause frustration and feelings of inadequacy.”
→ Phân tích:
- “would point to”, “would argue that” – Trình bày quan điểm của một nhóm
- Conditional với “would” – Giải thích logic của lập luận
- “would highlight”, “would need to” – Phát triển lý lẽ một cách có cấu trúc
- “would understandably” – Thể hiện sự đồng cảm với quan điểm
Advantage-Disadvantage Essay
Topic: “More and more people are working from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?”
Sample advantage paragraph:
“Working from home would offer numerous benefits to both employees and employers. From an employee’s perspective, remote work would eliminate time-consuming commutes, which would give them additional hours for personal activities or rest. This would lead to improved work-life balance and reduced stress levels. For instance, a worker who previously spent two hours commuting daily would gain ten extra hours per week, which could be devoted to family, hobbies, or professional development.
Employers would also benefit significantly from this arrangement. If companies allowed remote work, they would save considerable costs on office space, utilities, and facilities. These savings could be redirected to employee benefits or business expansion. Moreover, offering flexible work options would attract top talent who prioritize work-life balance, and it would reduce employee turnover rates. A satisfied workforce would likely be more productive and loyal, which would ultimately benefit the company’s bottom line.”
→ Phân tích:
- “would offer”, “would eliminate”, “would give” – Liệt kê lợi ích một cách có hệ thống
- “would lead to” – Thể hiện mối quan hệ nhân quả rõ ràng
- “would attract”, “would reduce” – Dự đoán kết quả dựa trên logic
- “would ultimately benefit” – Tổng kết tác động dài hạn
Sample Paragraph Band 9
Topic: “The increase in global travel has had both positive and negative impacts on local cultures. Discuss.”
Band 9 Sample:
“The proliferation of international tourism has undoubtedly generated complex implications for indigenous cultures, and I would contend that these effects are neither wholly beneficial nor entirely detrimental. On one hand, increased tourist traffic would provide economic opportunities that might otherwise be unavailable to remote communities. Local artisans would gain access to broader markets for traditional crafts, while cultural performances would attract revenue that could be reinvested in heritage preservation. Without tourism, many ancient practices would likely fade into obscurity as younger generations migrate to urban centers seeking employment.
Conversely, one would be remiss to overlook the homogenizing effects of tourism. When cultures are commodified for tourist consumption, authentic traditions would inevitably be altered to meet visitor expectations. What was once a sacred ritual would become a staged performance, stripped of its original spiritual significance. Furthermore, the influx of foreign influence would accelerate the erosion of traditional values, as local youth would be increasingly drawn to globalized lifestyles. This cultural dilution would represent an irreversible loss of humanity’s diverse heritage.
Therefore, I would posit that sustainable tourism frameworks are essential. If implemented thoughtfully, tourism would serve as a catalyst for cultural exchange rather than exploitation, preserving traditions while allowing communities to thrive economically. The key lies in ensuring that local populations retain agency over how their culture is presented and would benefit equitably from tourism revenues.”
→ Band 9 Features:
- Sophisticated modal usage: “would contend”, “would be remiss”, “would posit” – academic register
- Complex conditionals: “might otherwise be”, “would likely fade” – nuanced predictions
- Varied structures: Combining “would” with passive voice, perfect aspects, and complex noun phrases
- Lexical precision: “proliferation”, “commodified”, “homogenizing effects” paired naturally with “would”
- Cohesion: “would” used consistently to maintain hypothetical/analytical tone throughout
Cách viết luận văn IELTS Writing Task 2 sử dụng modal verb would đạt Band 8-9
Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+
Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác
“Would” + Relative Clauses (Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ)
Công thức:
Subject + would + verb, which/who + clause
Band 8+ Examples:
-
“Implementing green technologies would reduce carbon emissions, which would in turn help combat climate change.”
- Phân tích: Relative clause với “which” tạo mối liên kết nhân quả phức tạp, thể hiện tư duy logic sâu sắc.
-
“The government would need to consult experts who would provide evidence-based recommendations for policy reform.”
- Phân tích: Hai “would” trong cấu trúc phức, “who” clause bổ sung thông tin về chủ thể.
-
“This approach would benefit disadvantaged communities, whose members would gain access to opportunities previously denied to them.”
- Phân tích: “Whose” clause với “would” thể hiện kết quả gián tiếp, tăng độ phức tạp câu.
“Would” + Modal Verbs (Động Từ Khiếm Khuyết)
Công thức:
Subject + would + modal verb + base verb
Subject + modal verb + have + past participle
Band 8+ Examples:
-
“Students would need to develop critical thinking skills to succeed in the modern workforce.”
- Phân tích: “would need to” thể hiện sự cần thiết trong điều kiện giả định.
-
“This problem would have been avoided if proper measures had been implemented earlier.”
- Phân tích: “would have been” (conditional perfect passive) cho câu điều kiện loại 3.
-
“Experts would be able to predict economic trends more accurately with better data analysis tools.”
- Phân tích: “would be able to” nhấn mạnh khả năng trong tình huống giả định.
-
“The project would have to be postponed unless additional funding could be secured.”
- Phân tích: “would have to be” thể hiện sự bắt buộc trong điều kiện nhất định.
“Would” + Passive Voice (Thể Bị Động)
Công thức:
Subject + would + be + past participle + (by agent)
Band 8+ Examples:
-
“Environmental damage would be minimized if stricter regulations were enforced by authorities.”
- Phân tích: Double passive với “would” tạo giọng văn học thuật, tập trung vào hành động hơn tác nhân.
-
“Traditional skills would be preserved and passed down to future generations through educational programs.”
- Phân tích: Hai passive verbs song song, thể hiện quá trình liên tiếp.
-
“Significant progress would have been made by now if the initiative had been supported from the outset.”
- Phán tích: Conditional perfect passive (Type 3), thể hiện hối tiếc về quá khứ một cách tinh tế.
“Would” + Perfect Aspect
Công thức:
Subject + would have + past participle
Band 8+ Examples:
-
“By 2030, technology would have transformed the education sector beyond recognition.”
- Phân tích: Future perfect với “would” thay “will” để giảm độ chắc chắn, tăng tính học thuật.
-
“If renewable energy had been prioritized earlier, we would not have faced the current climate crisis.”
- Phân tích: Conditional Type 3 thể hiện hối tiếc về quyết định quá khứ.
-
“I would have preferred to study medicine, but circumstances led me down a different path.”
- Phân tích: “would have preferred” diễn tả mong muốn không thực hiện được trong quá khứ.
Cụm Từ Nâng Cao (Advanced Collocations)
Academic Collocations với “Would”
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Band Level |
|---|---|---|
| would argue/contend that | “I would argue that technological advancement is not inherently beneficial.” | 8+ |
| would appear/seem to | “It would appear that economic inequality is widening in developed nations.” | 8+ |
| would tend to | “Younger generations would tend to embrace change more readily than older ones.” | 7+ |
| would be inclined to | “Most experts would be inclined to agree with this assessment.” | 8+ |
| would venture to say | “I would venture to say that education is the cornerstone of social progress.” | 8+ |
| would go so far as to | “Some critics would go so far as to claim that social media is destroying interpersonal relationships.” | 8+ |
| would be remiss not to | “One would be remiss not to acknowledge the significant challenges involved.” | 9 |
| would stand to reason | “It would stand to reason that increased funding would improve educational outcomes.” | 8+ |
| would have us believe | “The media would have us believe that technology solves all problems, but reality is more complex.” | 8+ |
| would do well to | “Policymakers would do well to consider the long-term implications of their decisions.” | 8+ |
| would be wise to | “Governments would be wise to invest in preventive healthcare measures.” | 7+ |
| would be foolish to | “It would be foolish to ignore the warning signs of climate change.” | 7+ |
| would be justified in | “Critics would be justified in questioning the effectiveness of current policies.” | 8+ |
| would not be unreasonable to | “It would not be unreasonable to assume that these trends will continue.” | 8+ |
| would pale in comparison to | “The economic costs would pale in comparison to the human suffering caused.” | 8+ |
Formal Expressions
For introducing opinions:
- “I would submit that…” (Tôi cho rằng…)
- “I would maintain that…” (Tôi khẳng định rằng…)
- “I would assert that…” (Tôi quả quyết rằng…)
- “One would posit that…” (Người ta có thể cho rằng…)
Example:
“I would submit that education reform should prioritize critical thinking over rote memorization. This approach would foster innovation and would better prepare students for an unpredictable future.”
For making predictions:
- “It would be reasonable to expect that…” (Hợp lý khi kỳ vọng rằng…)
- “One would anticipate that…” (Người ta có thể dự đoán rằng…)
- “It would follow that…” (Điều tất yếu là…)
- “This would suggest that…” (Điều này gợi ý rằng…)
Example:
“If current trends continue, it would be reasonable to expect that renewable energy will dominate the power sector by 2050. This transition would necessitate substantial infrastructure investment but would ultimately result in long-term sustainability.”
Câu Phức & Ghép
Tích Hợp Vào Câu Phức
Cấu trúc 1: Although + clause, subject + would + verb
Example:
“Although technology has brought unprecedented convenience, I would argue that it has also created new forms of social isolation that previous generations never experienced.”
→ Phân tích: Kết hợp mệnh đề nhượng bộ với “would argue” tạo lập luận phức tạp, thể hiện tư duy phản biện.
Cấu trúc 2: If + past perfect, subject + would have + past participle, which + would have + past participle
Example:
“If governments had invested in renewable energy three decades ago, they would have significantly reduced carbon emissions by now, which would have helped prevent the current climate emergency.”
→ Phân tích: Ba mệnh đề với “would/would have” tạo chuỗi nhân quả phức tạp, thể hiện khả năng phân tích sâu.
Cấu trúc 3: Not only + would + subject + verb, but + subject + would also + verb
Example:
“Not only would this policy reduce inequality, but it would also stimulate economic growth by increasing purchasing power among low-income households.”
→ Phân tích: Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với “would” tạo câu văn học thuật cao cấp, liệt kê nhiều lợi ích.
Cấu trúc 4: While + subject + would + verb, subject + would also + verb
Example:
“While some would contend that globalization threatens cultural diversity, others would counter that it actually facilitates cultural exchange and mutual understanding.”
→ Phân tích: Trình bày hai quan điểm đối lập bằng “would contend” và “would counter”, thể hiện khả năng thảo luận cân bằng.
Cấu trúc 5: Subject + would + verb + so that + subject + would/could + verb
Example:
“Governments would need to implement comprehensive recycling programs so that waste could be managed more sustainably and resources would be conserved for future generations.”
→ Phân tích: Mệnh đề mục đích với “so that” kết hợp nhiều modal verbs, thể hiện mối quan hệ mục đích-phương tiện.
Complex Sentences Band 9
Example 1:
“Were governments to prioritize renewable energy investment—which, I would argue, represents not merely an environmental imperative but an economic opportunity—they would witness substantial job creation in green sectors, would reduce dependency on fossil fuel imports, and would position their nations as leaders in the emerging clean technology market.”
→ Band 9 Features:
- Đảo ngữ “Were…to” thay “If”
- Em dash để chèn mệnh đề bổ sung
- Parallel structure với ba “would” clauses
- Sophisticated vocabulary: “imperative”, “witness”, “position”
Example 2:
“Notwithstanding the challenges inherent in educational reform, I would maintain that investment in teacher training would yield dividends far exceeding the initial costs, given that well-prepared educators would be better equipped to foster critical thinking, would adapt more readily to diverse learning needs, and would ultimately produce graduates capable of navigating an increasingly complex world.”
→ Band 9 Features:
- “Notwithstanding” – formal concession
- “I would maintain that” – academic opinion marker
- “given that” – sophisticated causal link
- Three parallel “would” clauses với progressive complexity
Cấu trúc câu phức tạp sử dụng modal verb would để đạt Band 9 IELTS
So Sánh Với Các Cấu Trúc Tương Tự
Would vs Used To
Cả “would” và “used to” đều có thể diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ, nhưng có sự khác biệt quan trọng về ngữ cảnh và loại động từ.
| Tiêu chí | Would | Used To |
|---|---|---|
| Công thức | Subject + would + base verb | Subject + used to + base verb |
| Ý nghĩa | Thói quen lặp lại trong quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính lặp lại) | Thói quen hoặc trạng thái trong quá khứ (không còn nữa) |
| Động từ | CHỈ với action verbs (play, go, visit) | Cả action verbs VÀ state verbs (be, have, know, like) |
| Ngữ cảnh | Thường dùng khi kể chuyện, mô tả chi tiết | Dùng để đối chiếu quá khứ-hiện tại |
| Time marker | Thường có (every summer, when I was young) | Không nhất thiết cần |
Ví dụ so sánh:
✅ Đúng: “When I was young, I would play football every evening.” (action verb – nhấn mạnh việc chơi diễn ra nhiều lần)
✅ Đúng: “I used to play football when I was young.” (action verb – nhấn mạnh thói quen đã dừng)
✅ Đúng: “I used to be very shy.” (state verb – mô tả trạng thái)
❌ Sai: “I would be very shy.” (state verb không đi với would cho past habit)
✅ Đúng: “I used to have long hair.” (state verb – possession)
❌ Sai: “I would have long hair.” (không đúng nghĩa past habit)
Khi nào dùng cấu trúc nào:
Dùng “Would” khi:
- Kể chi tiết về chuỗi hành động lặp lại: “Every Sunday, we would wake up early, would have breakfast together, and then would go to the park.”
- Nhấn mạnh tính nostalgic, kỷ niệm: “My grandmother would always bake cookies when we visited.”
- Có time marker rõ ràng: “During summer holidays, I would spend hours reading.”
Dùng “Used to” khi:
- Đối chiếu quá khứ và hiện tại: “I used to live in Hanoi, but now I live in Ho Chi Minh City.”
- Nói về trạng thái (state verbs): “There used to be a cinema here.”
- Đưa ra thông tin tổng quát về quá khứ: “People used to believe the Earth was flat.”
IELTS Speaking Example:
“When I was a child, life was very different. My family used to live in a small village where everyone knew each other. Every morning, my father would wake up at dawn and would tend to the rice fields. My mother would prepare breakfast while my siblings and I would get ready for school. We didn’t use to have smartphones or the internet, so we would spend our free time playing outdoors. Those were simpler times, and I used to be much more carefree than I am now.”
→ Phân tích: Kết hợp “used to” cho trạng thái/đối chiếu và “would” cho chuỗi hành động lặp lại, tạo câu chuyện sinh động.
Would vs Will
“Would” và “will” đều liên quan đến tương lai, nhưng “would” thể hiện sự không chắc chắn, giả định, hoặc lịch sự hơn.
| Tiêu chí | Would | Will |
|---|---|---|
| Mức độ chắc chắn | Không chắc chắn, giả định, có điều kiện | Chắc chắn, dự đoán, quyết định |
| Thời gian | Tương lai giả định, tương lai trong quá khứ | Tương lai thực |
| Tone | Lịch sự, thận trọng, học thuật | Trực tiếp, tự tin |
| IELTS usage | Opinion, hypothesis, conditional | Prediction, intention, facts |
So sánh ví dụ:
-
“This policy will reduce unemployment.” (dự đoán chắc chắn)
“This policy would reduce unemployment.” (giả định có điều kiện) -
“I will study medicine at university.” (quyết định chắc chắn)
“I would study medicine if I were accepted.” (điều kiện giả định) -
“Climate change will affect future generations.” (dự đoán dựa trên khoa học)
“Climate change would affect future generations more severely if no action is taken.” (giả định có điều kiện)
IELTS Writing Example:
“If governments implement carbon taxes, emissions will (hoặc would) decrease.”
- Dùng “will” nếu bạn tin chắc điều này xảy ra.
- Dùng “would” nếu bạn muốn thận trọng hơn, thể hiện đây là giả định.
Trong Writing Task 2, “would” thường an toàn hơn vì:
- Tránh phát biểu quá khẳng định
- Thể hiện tư duy phản biện
- Tăng tính học thuật
Would vs Could
Cả hai đều là modal verbs thể hiện khả năng, nhưng “would” tập trung vào khả năng xảy ra còn “could” nhấn mạnh khả năng thực hiện.
| Tiêu chí | Would | Could |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Kết quả, hệ quả có khả năng xảy ra | Khả năng, sự cho phép |
| Certainty | Có khả năng cao hơn (if condition is met) | Có thể hoặc không, less certain |
| Meaning | “sẽ” (conditional result) | “có thể”, “có khả năng” (possibility) |
So sánh:
-
“If I had more time, I would learn a new language.”
(Tôi chắc chắn sẽ học nếu có thời gian)“If I had more time, I could learn a new language.”
(Tôi có khả năng học, nhưng chưa chắc sẽ làm) -
“This investment would generate significant returns.”
(Kết quả có khả năng cao)“This investment could generate significant returns.”
(Một trong nhiều khả năng) -
“Better education would reduce inequality.”
(Kết quả gần như chắc chắn)“Better education could help reduce inequality.”
(Có thể giúp, nhưng không chắc chắn)
IELTS Application:
“If governments invested in public transportation, cities would become less congested (direct result), which could lead to improved air quality (one possible outcome among others).”
→ Phân tích: Dùng “would” cho kết quả trực tiếp, “could” cho hệ quả gián tiếp không chắc chắn.
Would vs Should
“Would” diễn tả điều sẽ xảy ra (result), “should” diễn tả điều nên làm (advice/obligation).
| Tiêu chí | Would | Should |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Result, consequence | Advice, recommendation, obligation |
| Focus | Điều sẽ xảy ra | Điều đúng đắn nên làm |
| Tone | Neutral, objective | Normative, evaluative |
So sánh:
-
“Students would benefit from smaller class sizes.” (kết quả tự nhiên)
“Students should have smaller class sizes.” (lời khuyên, điều nên làm) -
“If you exercised regularly, you would feel healthier.” (kết quả)
“You should exercise regularly to stay healthy.” (lời khuyên)
Có thể kết hợp:
“Governments should invest in renewable energy because this would reduce carbon emissions and would create green jobs.”
→ Advice (should) + Expected results (would)
Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa
Lỗi 1: Dùng “Would” Với Động Từ Trạng Thái Cho Thói Quen Quá Khứ
Đây là lỗi phổ biến nhất của học viên Việt Nam khi cố gắng diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ với state verbs.
❌ SAI:
“When I was young, I would be very shy and would have few friends.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“When I was young, I used to be very shy and used to have few friends.”
Giải thích:
“Would” cho past habits CHỈ đi với action verbs (động từ hành động như play, go, visit). State verbs (be, have, know, like, love, believe) diễn tả trạng thái, không phải hành động, nên KHÔNG dùng “would” mà phải dùng “used to”.
Lưu ý:
✅ Đúng: “I would visit my grandparents every summer.” (visit = action verb)
✅ Đúng: “I would play football after school.” (play = action verb)
❌ Sai: “I would know all my neighbors.” → ✅ “I used to know all my neighbors.”
❌ Sai: “I would like reading books.” → ✅ “I used to like reading books.”
Cách nhớ: Tự hỏi “Can I see this action happening?” Nếu không thể “nhìn thấy” hành động (như be, have, know), đừng dùng “would” cho past habit.
Lỗi 2: Quên “Have” Trong Câu Điều Kiện Loại 3
Nhiều học viên quên sử dụng “have” sau “would” trong câu điều kiện loại 3, dẫn đến lỗi ngữ pháp nghiêm trọng.
❌ SAI:
“If I studied harder, I would pass the exam.” (nhưng muốn nói về quá khứ)
✅ ĐÚNG:
“If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.”
❌ SAI:
“If the government invested in education earlier, the country would develop faster.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“If the government had invested in education earlier, the country would have developed faster.”
Giải thích:
Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả điều trái với quá khứ, công thức bắt buộc là:
- If clause: If + subject + had + past participle
- Main clause: Subject + would have + past participle
Cách phân biệt loại 2 và loại 3:
-
Type 2 (hiện tại/tương lai không có thật): If + past simple, would + base verb
- “If I had more money, I would travel.” (hiện tại tôi không có tiền)
-
Type 3 (quá khứ không có thật): If + past perfect, would have + past participle
- “If I had had more money, I would have traveled.” (quá khứ tôi không có tiền)
Lỗi 3: Thêm “To” Sau “Would”
Lỗi này xuất phát từ sự nhầm lẫn với các cấu trúc khác như “want to”, “like to”.
❌ SAI:
“I would to study abroad if I could afford it.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“I would study abroad if I could afford it.”
❌ SAI:
“This policy would to reduce pollution significantly.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“This policy would reduce pollution significantly.”
Giải thích:
“Would” là modal verb, sau modal verb LUÔN LUÔN là động từ nguyên thể KHÔNG “to” (bare infinitive). Đây là quy tắc bắt buộc với tất cả modal verbs: will, would, can, could, should, may, might, must.
Exception – Các cấu trúc CÓ “to”:
✅ “I would like to study abroad.” (would like to = cụm động từ cố định)
✅ “I would prefer to work independently.” (would prefer to = cụm động từ cố định)
✅ “I would love to visit Japan.” (would love to = cụm động từ cố định)
Cách nhớ: Chỉ khi “would” kết hợp với “like/prefer/love/hate” thì mới có “to” phía sau.
Lỗi 4: Chia Động Từ “Would” Theo Ngôi
Một số học viên thêm “-s” vào “would” hoặc động từ theo sau khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít.
❌ SAI:
“She woulds become a better speaker if she practiced more.”
❌ SAI:
“He would studies harder if he had more time.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“She would become a better speaker if she practiced more.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“He would study harder if he had more time.”
Giải thích:
Modal verbs KHÔNG BAO GIỜ chia theo ngôi. “Would” giữ nguyên dạng với tất cả các chủ ngữ (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Động từ theo sau “would” cũng luôn ở dạng nguyên thể, không thêm “-s/-es” dù chủ ngữ là gì.
So sánh:
- Present Simple: “She studies every day.” (chia theo ngôi)
- With “would”: “She would study every day if she had time.” (KHÔNG chia)
Lỗi 5: Dùng “Would” Với Sự Thật Hiện Tại
Nhiều học viên lạm dụng “would” trong những tình huống nên dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn.
❌ SAI:
“Technology would play an important role in modern education.” (đang nói về sự thật hiện tại)
✅ ĐÚNG:
“Technology plays an important role in modern education.”
❌ SAI:
“Many students would prefer online learning these days.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“Many students prefer online learning these days.”
Giải thích:
“Would” dùng cho tình huống giả định, không chắc chắn, hoặc lịch sự. Nếu bạn đang nói về sự thật hiện tại, xu hướng thực tế, hoặc thói quen thường xuyên ở hiện tại, hãy dùng present simple.
Khi nào dùng “would”:
✅ “If education were free, technology would play an even bigger role.” (giả định)
✅ “I would prefer to study online rather than in a classroom.” (sở thích cá nhân, lịch sự)
✅ “Most experts would agree that technology is important.” (ý kiến thận trọng)
Khi nào KHÔNG dùng “would”:
✅ “Technology is playing an increasingly important role.” (sự thật hiện tại)
✅ “Students use technology every day.” (thói quen hiện tại)
Lỗi 6: Nhầm Lẫn Giữa “Would” Và “Will” Trong Writing Task 2
Học viên thường dùng “will” (quá chắc chắn) khi nên dùng “would” (thận trọng hơn) trong văn học thuật.
❌ KÉM HIỆU QUẢ:
“If governments ban plastic bags, pollution will decrease dramatically.”
✅ TỐT HƠN (Band 7+):
“If governments banned plastic bags, pollution would decrease dramatically.”
Giải thích:
Trong IELTS Writing Task 2, “would” thường được ưa chuộng hơn “will” vì:
- Thể hiện tính thận trọng, tránh khẳng định quá mạnh
- Tạo giọng điệu học thuật (academic tone)
- Thể hiện tư duy phản biện (critical thinking)
So sánh tone:
- “This will solve the problem.” → Too definite, sounds naive
- “This would help solve the problem.” → Tentative, sounds more sophisticated
Tuy nhiên, vẫn dùng “will” khi:
✅ “Climate change will continue to worsen if no action is taken.” (dự đoán dựa trên khoa học)
✅ “The graph shows that sales will increase next year.” (Task 1 – dữ liệu dự đoán rõ ràng)
Lỗi 7: Sử Dụng “Would” Trong If-Clause
Đây là lỗi nghiêm trọng về cấu trúc câu điều kiện.
❌ SAI:
“If I would have more money, I would travel abroad.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“If I had more money, I would travel abroad.”
❌ SAI:
“If governments would invest in education, society would benefit.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“If governments invested in education, society would benefit.”
Giải thích:
Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, if-clause (mệnh đề điều kiện) KHÔNG BAO GIỜ dùng “would”.
Công thức chính xác:
- If-clause: If + subject + past simple
- Main clause: Subject + would + base verb
Exception – Trường hợp hiếm:
✅ “If you would like to join us, please let me know.” (lời mời lịch sự, không phải điều kiện)
✅ “If he would stop interrupting, we could finish this meeting.” (thể hiện sự bực mình về hành vi lặp lại)
Nhưng đây KHÔNG phải câu điều kiện chuẩn, mà là các cấu trúc đặc biệt.
Lỗi 8: Quên Đảo Ngữ “Were” Trong Câu Điều Kiện Trang Trọng
Học viên Band 8+ cần biết cách dùng đảo ngữ, nhưng nhiều người làm sai.
❌ SAI:
“Would the government invest in infrastructure, the economy would grow.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“Were the government to invest in infrastructure, the economy would grow.”
❌ SAI:
“If were I in charge, I would implement new policies.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“Were I in charge, I would implement new policies.”
(Hoặc: “If I were in charge…”)
Giải thích:
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (formal inversion) để tăng tính trang trọng, thường dùng trong văn học thuật:
Cấu trúc:
-
Loại 2: Were + subject + (to) infinitive / adjective / noun
- “Were governments to implement this policy…” (= If governments implemented…)
- “Were this true…” (= If this were true…)
-
Loại 3: Had + subject + past participle
- “Had they invested earlier…” (= If they had invested…)
Lưu ý:
- KHÔNG dùng “if” khi đã đảo ngữ
- CHỈ đảo “were” và “had”, không đảo “would”
- Đây là cấu trúc Band 8-9, không bắt buộc nhưng rất ấn tượng
Tám lỗi sai phổ biến khi sử dụng modal verb would trong IELTS
Bài Tập Thực Hành
Bài Tập 1: Điền Dạng Đúng Của Động Từ
Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của “would” và động từ trong ngoặc:
-
If I __ (have) more free time, I __ (learn) a new language.
-
When I was a child, my family __ (go) to the beach every summer.
-
She __ (be) much happier if she __ (find) a job that matched her interests.
-
I __ (prefer) __ (work) in a team rather than independently.
-
If governments __ (invest) more in renewable energy ten years ago, we __ (not face) such a severe climate crisis now.
-
Every weekend, my grandfather __ (tell) us fascinating stories about his youth.
-
Technology __ (revolutionize) education if it __ (be) more accessible to everyone.
-
I __ (suggest) that students __ (spend) more time on practical skills.
-
If you __ (study) harder last semester, you __ (get) better grades.
-
It __ (be) beneficial if schools __ (focus) more on critical thinking.
-
When we lived in the countryside, we __ (wake) up to the sound of birds singing.
-
__ you __ (mind) explaining that concept again?
-
One __ (assume) that economic development __ (lead) to improved living standards.
-
If I __ (be) in your position, I __ (take) that opportunity.
-
The situation __ (be) avoided if proper precautions __ (take) earlier.
Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi
Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau và sửa lại cho đúng:
-
When I was young, I would be very interested in science. ❌
-
If I would have enough money, I would travel around the world. ❌
-
She would to become a doctor if she could get into medical school. ❌
-
Technology would plays an important role in modern education. ❌
-
If he studied harder last year, he would pass the exam. ❌
-
Every morning, my father would be wake up at 6 AM. ❌
-
I would argue that education are the key to success. ❌
-
If governments would invest in public transport, traffic would decrease. ❌
-
He would studies abroad if he had the opportunity. ❌
-
The problem will be solved if we implemented better policies. ❌
-
When I was a student, I would have many friends. ❌
-
If I were rich, I will help poor people. ❌
-
She would preferring to work from home rather than in an office. ❌
-
Would the government to increase taxes, people would protest. ❌
-
If I had knew about this earlier, I would have acted differently. ❌
Bài Tập 3: Viết Lại Câu
Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng “would” mà không thay đổi nghĩa:
-
If she practiced more regularly, she could improve her speaking skills.
→ If she practiced more regularly, she __. -
It’s possible that this policy will reduce unemployment.
→ This policy __ unemployment. -
In the past, we always went hiking on weekends.
→ We __ hiking on weekends. -
I think that education is the most important factor in development.
→ I __ that education is the most important factor in development. -
If they had implemented this earlier, the situation wouldn’t be so bad now.
→ If they had implemented this earlier, the situation __. -
Can you please explain this again?
→ __ explaining this again? -
People will probably choose convenience over quality.
→ People __ choose convenience over quality. -
If governments don’t act soon, climate change will worsen.
→ If governments didn’t act soon, climate change __. -
I prefer studying alone to studying in groups.
→ I __ studying alone to studying in groups. -
It’s better for students to gain practical experience before graduating.
→ Students __ practical experience before graduating.
Bài Tập 4: Chọn Đáp Án Đúng
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất trong các câu sau:
-
If I __ more confident, I __ apply for that position.
a) am / will
b) was / will
c) were / would
d) would be / would -
When I was younger, I __ spend hours reading books.
a) would
b) would be
c) used to be
d) a hoặc c đều đúng nhưng có sắc thái khác nhau -
__ governments invest in education, society __ benefit significantly.
a) Would / would
b) If / will
c) If / would
d) Were / will -
I __ that technology has both advantages and disadvantages.
a) will argue
b) would argue
c) argue
d) b hoặc c đều được, nhưng b học thuật hơn -
If she __ harder last year, she __ passed the exam.
a) studied / would
b) had studied / would
c) had studied / would have
d) would study / had -
Every summer, we __ visit our grandparents in the countryside.
a) would
b) will
c) used to
d) a hoặc c đều đúng -
It __ wise for students to develop soft skills alongside academic knowledge.
a) will be
b) would be
c) is
d) b hoặc c, nhưng b mềm hơn -
__ I in charge, I __ implement several reforms.
a) If was / will
b) If were / would
c) Were / would
d) b hoặc c đều đúng, c trang trọng hơn -
I __ prefer to work independently rather than in a team.
a) would
b) will
c) am
d) would be -
If proper measures __ taken earlier, the crisis __ been avoided.
a) were / would be
b) had been / would have
c) had been / will be
d) were / would have been
Bài Tập 5: Viết Câu Hoàn Chỉnh
Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng “would” với các từ gợi ý:
-
(I / study / medicine / if / accepted / university)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(technology / transform / education / if / more accessible)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(when / child / I / spend / hours / play / outside)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(I / argue / environmental protection / should / priority)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(if / governments / act / sooner / problem / not / so / serious / now)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(you / mind / repeat / question?)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(people / tend / choose / convenience / over / quality)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(if / I / you / I / take / this / opportunity)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(this / policy / benefit / society / several / ways)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(it / reasonable / expect / technology / continue / advance)
→ Your answer: ___
Bài Tập 6: IELTS Speaking Practice
Trả lời các câu hỏi sau sử dụng “would” ít nhất 2 lần trong mỗi câu trả lời:
-
Part 1: “What would you like to change about your hometown?”
-
Part 2: “Describe a skill you would like to learn in the future. You should say:
- What skill it is
- Why you want to learn it
- How you would learn it
- And explain how it would benefit you”
-
Part 3: “How do you think education will change in the next 20 years?”
Bài Tập 7: IELTS Writing Task 2 Practice
Viết đoạn văn (khoảng 150 từ) cho các đề bài sau, sử dụng “would” ít nhất 5 lần:
-
Opinion Essay:
“Some people believe that the government should provide free university education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?” -
Problem-Solution Essay:
“Traffic congestion is a serious problem in many cities. What problems does this cause, and what solutions can you suggest?” -
Discussion Essay:
“Some people think technology makes life more complicated, while others believe it simplifies life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Đáp Án Bài Tập 1:
-
had / would learn
- Câu điều kiện loại 2: If + past simple, would + base verb
-
would go
- Past habit với action verb, thường có time marker “every summer”
-
would be / found
- Câu điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả giả định hiện tại
-
would prefer to work
- “Would prefer to” là cụm động từ cố định diễn tả sở thích
-
had invested / would not be facing / wouldn’t face
- Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (Mixed conditional): If + past perfect (quá khứ), would + verb (hiện tại)
-
would tell
- Past habit, hành động lặp lại đều đặn “every weekend”
-
would revolutionize / were / was
- Câu điều kiện loại 2, “were” trang trọng hơn “was”
-
would suggest / spend / should spend
- Lời khuyên gián tiếp, sau “suggest that” có thể dùng bare infinitive hoặc should
-
had studied / would have got/gotten
- Câu điều kiện loại 3: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
-
would be / focused
- Câu điều kiện loại 2: giả định về chính sách giáo dục
-
would wake
- Past habit, hành động thường xuyên xảy ra “when we lived…”
-
Would / mind
- Yêu cầu lịch sự: “Would you mind + V-ing?”
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would assume / would lead
- Giả định học thuật, suy luận logic
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were / would take
- Cấu trúc “If I were you” để đưa ra lời khuyên
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would have been / had been taken
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 bị động: would have been + past participle / had been + past participle
Đáp Án Bài Tập 2:
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❌ “would be” → ✅ “used to be”
- Lý do: State verb (be) không dùng “would” cho past habit, phải dùng “used to”
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❌ “If I would have” → ✅ “If I had”
- Lý do: If-clause trong điều kiện loại 2 KHÔNG dùng “would”, chỉ dùng past simple
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❌ “would to become” → ✅ “would become”
- Lý do: Sau modal verb “would” là bare infinitive (không “to”)
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❌ “would plays” → ✅ “would play” hoặc “plays”
- Lý do: Sau “would” là base verb (không thêm -s), hoặc dùng present simple “plays” nếu nói về sự thật hiện tại
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❌ “If he studied… would pass” → ✅ “If he had studied… would have passed”
- Lý do: “Last year” chỉ quá khứ, cần dùng câu điều kiện loại 3
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❌ “would be wake” → ✅ “would wake”
- Lý do: Không dùng “be” trước động từ chính, và “wake up” là phrasal verb
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❌ “education are” → ✅ “education is”
- Lý do: “Education” là danh từ không đếm được, dùng “is” (lỗi không liên quan đến “would” nhưng cần sửa)
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❌ “If governments would invest” → ✅ “If governments invested”
- Lý do: If-clause KHÔNG dùng “would”, dùng past simple
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❌ “would studies” → ✅ “would study”
- Lý do: Sau “would” là base verb, không chia động từ
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❌ “will be solved… implemented” → ✅ “would be solved… were implemented”
- Lý do: Câu điều kiện loại 2 cần nhất quán: would be solved / if…were implemented
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❌ “would have” → ✅ “used to have”
- Lý do: “Have” là state verb khi chỉ possession, không dùng “would”
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❌ “will help” → ✅ “would help”
- Lý do: Câu điều kiện loại 2, main clause cần “would”
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❌ “would preferring” → ✅ “would prefer”
- Lý do: Sau “would” là base verb, không phải V-ing
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❌ “Would the government to increase” → ✅ “Were the government to increase” hoặc “If the government increased”
- Lý do: Đảo ngữ sai cấu trúc; đúng là “Were + subject + to infinitive”
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❌ “had knew” → ✅ “had known”
- Lý do: Past participle của “know” là “known” không phải “knew”
Đáp Án Bài Tập 3:
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→ If she practiced more regularly, she would improve her speaking skills.
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→ This policy would reduce unemployment.
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→ We would go hiking on weekends. / We would always go hiking on weekends.
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→ I would argue that education is the most important factor in development.
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→ If they had implemented this earlier, the situation wouldn’t be so bad now / would be better now.
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→ Would you mind explaining this again?
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→ People would tend to choose convenience over quality. / People would probably choose convenience over quality.
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→ If governments didn’t act soon, climate change would worsen.
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→ I would prefer studying alone to studying in groups. / I would rather study alone than in groups.
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→ Students would benefit from gaining practical experience before graduating. / It would be beneficial for students to gain practical experience before graduating.
Đáp Án Bài Tập 4:
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c) were / would
- Câu điều kiện loại 2, “were” dùng cho tất cả ngôi
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a) would (hoặc “used to” nhưng không có trong option)
- “Spend” là action verb, dùng được “would” cho past habit
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c) If / would
- Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2 chuẩn
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d) b hoặc c đều được, nhưng b học thuật hơn
- “Would argue” mềm mại và học thuật hơn “argue” trong văn viết
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c) had studied / would have
- Câu điều kiện loại 3: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
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d) a hoặc c đều đúng
- Cả “would” và “used to” đều diễn tả past habit với action verbs
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d) b hoặc c, nhưng b mềm hơn
- “Would be” thận trọng hơn “is” trong ngữ cảnh đưa ra lời khuyên
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d) b hoặc c đều đúng, c trang trọng hơn
- “If I were” là cấu trúc chuẩn, “Were I” là đảo ngữ trang trọng
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a) would
- “Would prefer to” là cách diễn đạt sở thích lịch sự
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b) had been / would have
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 passive: If + had been + past participle, would have been + past participle
Đáp Án Bài Tập 5 (Gợi ý):
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“I would study medicine if I were accepted to a medical university.”
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“Technology would transform education dramatically if it were more accessible to all students.”
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“When I was a child, I would spend hours playing outside with my friends.”
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“I would argue that environmental protection should be our top priority.”
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“If governments had acted sooner, the problem would not be so serious now.”
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“Would you mind repeating the question?”
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“People would tend to choose convenience over quality in today’s fast-paced society.”
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“If I were you, I would take this opportunity without hesitation.”
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“This policy would benefit society in several significant ways.”
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“It would be reasonable to expect that technology will continue to advance rapidly.”
Đáp Án Bài Tập 6 (Sample Answers):
Question 1: “What would you like to change about your hometown?”
“If I could change one thing about my hometown, I would definitely improve the public transportation system. Currently, the bus network is quite limited, and most people have to rely on motorbikes or cars, which causes terrible congestion during rush hours. If the government invested in a modern metro system, I believe traffic would flow much more smoothly, and air pollution would decrease significantly. Additionally, I would like to see more green spaces. When I was younger, there used to be many parks where children would play, but many have been replaced by shopping malls. If we had more parks, people would have better opportunities for recreation and the city would be much more livable.”
Question 2: Cue Card Response (Sample đầy đủ 2 phút)
“I’d like to talk about photography, which is a skill I would absolutely love to master.
Photography has always fascinated me because it would allow me to capture moments in a creative and artistic way. If I learned this skill, I would be able to preserve memories more beautifully than just taking random snapshots with my phone. I first became interested in photography when I visited an exhibition last year where the images were so stunning that I thought, ‘I would give anything to create photos like these.’
As for how I would learn it, I would start by taking a professional course to understand the technical aspects like aperture, shutter speed, and composition. Then I would practice regularly by photographing different subjects – landscapes, portraits, street scenes. I would also join a photography club where I could receive feedback from experienced photographers and learn from their techniques.
This skill would benefit me in multiple ways. Firstly, it would provide a creative outlet where I could express myself artistically. Secondly, I believe it would train me to see beauty in everyday details that I would otherwise overlook. When I was younger, I would never pay attention to lighting or composition, but photography would teach me to appreciate these elements. Finally, if I became proficient enough, I would perhaps even turn it into a side business, taking photos for events or selling prints online.
Overall, learning photography would enrich my life considerably, which is why it’s at the top of my list of skills to acquire.”
Question 3: “How do you think education will change in the next 20 years?”
“That’s an interesting question. I would predict that education will undergo dramatic transformation over the next two decades, largely driven by technology.
Firstly, I would argue that traditional classrooms would become less common. If current trends continue, more students would learn through online platforms and virtual reality, which would make education more accessible to people in remote areas. Teachers would shift from being information providers to becoming facilitators who guide students through personalized learning paths.
Secondly, I believe the curriculum would change significantly. Schools would place more emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy rather than just memorizing facts. Students would learn skills that would prepare them for jobs that don’t even exist yet. Artificial intelligence would also play a bigger role – it would help teachers identify each student’s strengths and weaknesses, so education would become more individualized.
However, I would also point out some concerns. If education becomes too technology-dependent, students might lose important social skills that they would normally develop through face-to-face interaction. Additionally, not everyone would have equal access to these technologies, which could widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.
Overall, I would say the changes would be positive if implemented carefully, but we would need to ensure that technology enhances rather than replaces human connection in education.”
Đáp Án Bài Tập 7 (Sample Paragraphs):
Topic 1: Free University Education (Opinion Essay)
“I would strongly agree that governments should provide free university education, as this policy would bring numerous benefits to both individuals and society. Firstly, free education would ensure equal opportunities regardless of socioeconomic background. Currently, many talented students cannot pursue higher education simply because they cannot afford tuition fees. If universities were free, these individuals would have the chance to develop their potential, which would ultimately benefit the entire nation through a more skilled workforce.
Moreover, this approach would reduce the financial burden on young people. Many graduates currently struggle with enormous student debt, which would be eliminated under a free education system. These young professionals would be able to invest in homes, businesses, or start families earlier, which would stimulate economic growth.
However, I would acknowledge that implementing free university education would require substantial government funding. Critics would argue that taxes would need to increase to cover these costs. Nevertheless, I would contend that this should be viewed as a long-term investment. An educated population would drive innovation, increase productivity, and generate higher tax revenues in the future, which would ultimately offset the initial expenses.
In conclusion, while free university education would present financial challenges initially, I would maintain that the long-term social and economic benefits would far outweigh the costs.” (217 words, 11 instances of “would”)
Topic 2: Traffic Congestion (Problem-Solution Essay)
“Traffic congestion in urban areas causes several serious problems that require immediate attention. Firstly, it would waste enormous amounts of time and fuel. Commuters would spend hours stuck in traffic daily, which would reduce their productivity and quality of life. Additionally, constant traffic jams would contribute significantly to air pollution, as vehicles would emit harmful gases while idling. This would lead to respiratory problems and other health issues among urban residents.
To address these challenges, I would recommend several practical solutions. First, governments would need to invest heavily in public transportation infrastructure. If cities had efficient metro and bus systems, more people would choose to leave their cars at home, which would dramatically reduce the number of vehicles on roads. This would not only ease congestion but would also decrease pollution levels.
Furthermore, implementing congestion charges would discourage unnecessary driving during peak hours. If drivers had to pay fees to enter city centers, many would adjust their travel times or would switch to alternative transportation methods. This strategy has proven effective in cities like London and Singapore.
Finally, promoting flexible working arrangements would help distribute traffic more evenly throughout the day. If companies allowed employees to work remotely or adjust their schedules, rush hour congestion would be significantly reduced, which would benefit everyone.” (215 words, 15 instances of “would”)
Tài Liệu Luyện Tập Thêm
Đề Luyện Tập Speaking
Part 1 Topics (Sử dụng “would” cho preferences và conditional thoughts):
- If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you choose and why?
- What would you do if you had a completely free weekend?
- How would you describe your ideal job?
- What changes would you like to see in your country’s education system?
- If you could learn any skill instantly, what would it be?
Part 2 Topics (Tích hợp “would” vào mô tả và giải thích):
- Describe a change you would like to make in your life
- Describe what you would do if you won a large sum of money
- Describe a job you would never want to do
- Describe a skill you think everyone should learn
- Describe a city you would like to visit in the future
Part 3 Topics (Sử dụng “would” cho predictions, opinions, solutions):
- How do you think technology would change people’s working lives in the future?
- What would be the best way to reduce crime in society?
- How would increasing education funding benefit a country?
- What problems would arise if everyone owned a private car?
- How would you encourage young people to protect the environment?
Yêu cầu: Trong mỗi câu trả lời, sử dụng “would” ít nhất 3 lần với các chức năng khác nhau (conditional, preference, prediction, tentative opinion).
Đề Luyện Tập Writing Task 2
Opinion Essays:
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“Some people think children should learn to compete, while others believe they should learn to cooperate. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
- Focus: Use “would” to discuss hypothetical outcomes of both approaches
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“The most important function of music is to help people relax. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
- Focus: Use “would argue/contend” for presenting your position
Problem-Solution Essays:
3. “Many people are now working longer hours. What problems does this cause, and what can be done to solve them?”
- Focus: Use “would” for describing problems and proposing solutions
- “In many countries, the quality of life in large cities is declining. What are the causes and what actions can be taken?”
- Focus: Use conditionals with “would” to link causes and solutions
Discussion Essays:
5. “Some believe that technological progress has made our lives more stressful, while others think it has simplified life. Discuss both views.”
- Focus: Use “would” to present arguments from both perspectives
- “Some think government should focus on reducing environmental pollution, while others believe they should focus on education. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
- Focus: Use “would” for comparing priorities and outcomes
Advantage-Disadvantage Essays:
7. “More people are choosing to work from home. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.”
- Focus: Use “would” to describe benefits and drawbacks systematically
- “International tourism is becoming cheaper and more countries are opening their doors to tourists. What are the advantages and disadvantages?”
- Focus: Use “would” with both positive and negative predictions
Mixed Type:
9. “Some people believe that the only purpose of working hard is to earn money. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other reasons might people have for working hard?”
- Focus: Combine “would argue” for opinions with conditionals for explanations
- “In some countries, young people are encouraged to travel or work before starting university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people.”
- Focus: Use “would” to explore hypothetical experiences and outcomes
Target: Mỗi bài viết nên có 8-12 instances của “would” được sử dụng tự nhiên và chính xác trong các chức năng khác nhau.
Practice Tips
Để thành thạo modal verb “would”:
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Phân tích mẫu câu Band 8-9: Đọc các sample answers và highlight tất cả các cấu trúc có “would”, phân tích chức năng của chúng
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Shadowing practice: Nghe các bài Speaking band cao, lặp lại chính xác cách người ta dùng “would” trong context
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Viết hàng ngày: Mỗi ngày viết 5 câu sử dụng “would” với các chức năng khác nhau
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Record yourself: Thu âm câu trả lời Speaking, nghe lại và kiểm tra xem đã dùng “would” đúng chưa
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Peer correction: Trao đổi bài viết với bạn học, chữa lỗi “would” cho nhau
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Sentence transformation drill: Luyện chuyển đổi giữa các cấu trúc: will → would, used to → would, direct → tentative opinions
Kết Luận
Modal verb “would” là một công cụ ngữ pháp vô cùng quan trọng và linh hoạt trong kỳ thi IELTS. Việc sử dụng thành thạo “would” không chỉ giúp bạn đạt điểm cao ở tiêu chí Grammatical Range and Accuracy mà còn nâng cao đáng kể tính học thuật và sự tinh tế trong cách diễn đạt của bạn.
Những điểm quan trọng cần nhớ:
✅ Tám chức năng chính của “would”: điều kiện giả định (loại 2 và 3), thói quen quá khứ, lời đề nghị lịch sự, sở thích, tương lai trong quá khứ, lời khuyên gián tiếp, ý kiến thận trọng, và sự từ chối trong quá khứ
✅ Công thức cơ bản: Subject + would + base verb (KHÔNG “to”, KHÔNG chia theo ngôi)
✅ Sự khác biệt quan trọng:
- “Would” vs “used to”: would chỉ dùng với action verbs cho past habits
- “Would” vs “will”: would mềm mại, học thuật hơn will
- “Would” KHÔNG xuất hiện trong if-clause của câu điều kiện chuẩn
✅ Tránh 8 lỗi phổ biến: đặc biệt chú ý không dùng “would” với state verbs cho past habits, không quên “have” trong điều kiện loại 3, không thêm “to” sau “would”
✅ Các cụm từ nâng cao Band 8+: “I would argue/contend that”, “It would appear/seem that”, “One would be remiss not to”, “would stand to reason”
Lộ trình luyện tập hiệu quả:
Tuần 1-2: Nắm vững công thức cơ bản và 8 chức năng chính, làm bài tập điền từ và sửa lỗi
Tuần 3-4: Thực hành viết câu và đoạn văn ngắn, tập trung vào Speaking Part 1 và Part 2
Tuần 5-6: Áp dụng vào Writing Task 2, thực hành các dạng bài khác nhau với “would”
Tuần 7-8: Luyện tập tích hợp “would” vào các cấu trúc phức tạp, Speaking Part 3, và writing nâng cao
Tuần 9-10: Mock tests toàn diện, phân tích và cải thiện những điểm còn yếu
Hãy nhớ rằng, việc sử dụng “would” một cách tự nhiên và chính xác đòi hỏi thời gian và luyện tập đều đặn. Đừng cố gắng nhồi nhét quá nhiều “would” vào câu trả lời – chất lượng quan trọng hơn số lượng. Mục tiêu là khiến việc sử dụng “would” trở thành phản xạ tự nhiên, không phải một công thức cứng nhắc.
Chúc bạn học tốt và đạt được band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS! Với sự hiểu biết sâu sắc về modal verb “would”, bạn đã trang bị cho mình một công cụ mạnh mẽ để ghi điểm ở cả bốn kỹ năng.