Cách Sử Dụng “All Things Considered” và “Overall” Trong IELTS – Công Thức & Ví Dụ Band 8.0

Giới Thiệu

Các cụm từ nối và liên từ như “all things considered” và “overall” là những công cụ ngữ pháp quan trọng giúp bạn trình bày quan điểm tổng quát và kết luận trong kỳ thi IELTS. Những cấu trúc này không chỉ thể hiện khả năng tổ chức ý tưởng mạch lạc mà còn là dấu hiệu của việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ học thuật ở trình độ cao.

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19, các discourse markers (từ đánh dấu diễn ngôn) này xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các bài thi đạt Band 7.0 trở lên, đặc biệt trong Speaking Part 3 khi thí sinh cần đưa ra nhận định tổng thể về một vấn đề phức tạp, và Writing Task 2 khi viết câu kết luận hoặc tổng kết đoạn văn.

Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing social issues):
“Overall, I believe that technology has brought more benefits than drawbacks to modern society.”
→ Phân tích: “Overall” đứng đầu câu, sau đó là dấu phẩy, tiếp theo là mệnh đề chính thể hiện quan điểm tổng quát.

Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay – Conclusion):
“All things considered, the advantages of online education outweigh its disadvantages, particularly in terms of accessibility and flexibility.”
→ Phân tích: “All things considered” là discourse marker mở đầu, sau dấu phẩy là câu khẳng định tổng kết.

Speaking Part 2 (Describing an experience):
“The trip had some challenges, but overall, it was an unforgettable experience that taught me valuable lessons.”
→ Phân tích: “Overall” đứng giữa câu, được ngăn cách bởi hai dấu phẩy, tạo sự nhấn mạnh.

Writing Task 2 (Discussion essay – Body paragraph):
“While both approaches have merit, overall, a combination of traditional and modern teaching methods yields the best results.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “overall” để đưa ra kết luận sau khi thảo luận hai khía cạnh.

Writing Task 1 (Describing trends):
“Overall, the data reveals a significant upward trend in renewable energy consumption across all surveyed countries between 2010 and 2020.”
→ Phân tích: “Overall” mở đầu câu tổng kết xu hướng chính của biểu đồ.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:
✅ Định nghĩa và vai trò của “all things considered” và “overall” trong diễn ngôn học thuật
✅ Công thức và vị trí sử dụng trong câu
✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS để tăng điểm Coherence & Cohesion
✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 từ đề thi thực tế
✅ Các cụm từ đồng nghĩa và biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+
✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách tránh
✅ Bài tập thực hành với đáp án chi tiết

“All Things Considered” và “Overall” Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa

All things considered (khi xem xét mọi khía cạnh) và overall (nhìn chung, tổng thể) là các discourse markers (từ đánh dấu diễn ngôn) thuộc nhóm summarizing expressions (cụm từ tổng kết). Chúng được sử dụng để:

Chức năng chính:

• Tổng kết thông tin: Đưa ra nhận định tổng quát sau khi xem xét nhiều yếu tố khác nhau
• Chuyển sang kết luận: Báo hiệu cho người đọc/nghe rằng bạn đang đưa ra quan điểm cuối cùng
• Cân bằng quan điểm: Thể hiện rằng bạn đã cân nhắc cả mặt tích cực và tiêu cực trước khi kết luận
• Tăng tính mạch lạc: Giúp bài nói/viết có cấu trúc rõ ràng, logic chặt chẽ

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

Speaking:

• Part 2: Kết thúc phần mô tả, tổng kết trải nghiệm
• Part 3: Đưa ra quan điểm cuối cùng sau khi thảo luận nhiều khía cạnh của vấn đề
• Khi cần thể hiện khả năng tư duy phản biện và nhìn nhận vấn đề toàn diện

Writing:

• Task 1: Tổng kết xu hướng chính của biểu đồ/bảng số liệu (thường ở đoạn overview)
• Task 2: Câu kết luận của đoạn body paragraph hoặc conclusion paragraph
• Khi cần nối kết các ý tưởng đối lập và đưa ra nhận định cân bằng

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Thấp (10%) – Câu hỏi thường ngắn gọn, không cần tổng kết phức tạp
• Part 2: Trung bình (35%) – Sử dụng để kết thúc phần mô tả, đặc biệt khi đề bài yêu cầu “explain why” hoặc “explain how you felt”
• Part 3: Cao (60%) – Rất phổ biến khi examiner hỏi “What do you think overall?” hoặc khi thí sinh cần đưa ra quan điểm sau khi phân tích ưu/nhược điểm

Writing:

• Task 1: Rất cao (85%) – “Overall” là từ khóa thiết yếu trong đoạn overview để mô tả xu hướng tổng quát
• Task 2: Cao (70%) – Xuất hiện trong conclusion paragraph (90% bài Band 7+) và topic sentences của body paragraphs

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các bài lecture, presentation (Listening Section 4)
• Trong Reading, thường thấy ở đoạn kết luận của các bài academic texts
• Cần nhận diện để nắm được main idea và attitude của tác giả

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Sử dụng một số linking words cơ bản nhưng thiếu các discourse markers để tổng kết
• Band 7: Sử dụng “overall” và các cụm tương tự một cách chính xác để tổng kết ý tưởng
• Band 8-9: Vận dụng linh hoạt các summarizing expressions, kết hợp tự nhiên với các cohesive devices khác, tạo luồng ý mạch lạc

Vị trí sử dụng Overall và All Things Considered trong các phần thi IELTS Speaking và Writing

Công Thức & Cấu Trúc

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHO “OVERALL”:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Overall, [main clause with general statement]   │
│                                                 │
│ Ví dụ: Overall, the project was successful.    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHO “ALL THINGS CONSIDERED”:

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ All things considered, [conclusion/final judgment]     │
│                                                        │
│ Ví dụ: All things considered, it was a wise decision. │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

Với “Overall”:

• Vị trí: Thường đứng đầu câu (sentence-initial position) hoặc giữa câu (mid-position)
• Dấu câu: Theo sau bởi dấu phẩy khi ở đầu câu; hai dấu phẩy khi ở giữa câu
• Main clause: Mệnh đề chính chứa nhận định tổng quát, thường dùng simple present hoặc past tense
• Function: Tín hiệu báo hiệu tổng kết, không mang nghĩa ngữ pháp cụ thể

Với “All things considered”:

• Vị trí: Chủ yếu ở đầu câu, ít khi ở giữa hoặc cuối
• Dấu câu: Luôn có dấu phẩy sau cụm từ này
• Register: Formal hơn “overall”, phù hợp với văn viết học thuật
• Implication: Ngụ ý người nói đã xem xét nhiều yếu tố trước khi kết luận

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu 1: “Overall, the advantages of remote working outweigh the disadvantages.”

Phân tích:

• Discourse marker: Overall (đánh dấu phần tổng kết)
• Punctuation: Dấu phẩy ngăn cách
• Subject: the advantages of remote working
• Verb: outweigh (động từ chính, present simple)
• Object: the disadvantages
• Function: Đưa ra kết luận tổng quát sau khi đã thảo luận cả hai mặt

Câu 2: “The experience was challenging, but overall, it helped me grow as a person.”

Phân tích:

• First clause: The experience was challenging (mệnh đề đối lập)
• Conjunction: but (liên từ chỉ sự đối lập)
• Discourse marker: overall (ở mid-position, được bao bởi hai dấu phẩy)
• Second clause: it helped me grow as a person (kết quả tổng thể tích cực)
• Function: Cân bằng khía cạnh tiêu cực với kết luận tích cực

Các Biến Thể Và Vị Trí Trong Câu

Dạng 1: Sentence-initial (Đầu câu)

Công thức: Overall/All things considered + , + [main clause]

Ví dụ:

• “Overall, the government’s policy has been effective in reducing unemployment.”
• “All things considered, studying abroad offers more benefits than staying in one’s home country.”

Khi nào dùng: Đây là vị trí phổ biến nhất, dùng khi bạn muốn báo hiệu rõ ràng rằng đang chuyển sang phần tổng kết.

Dạng 2: Mid-position (Giữa câu)

Công thức: [Subject] + , overall, + [verb phrase]

Ví dụ:

• “The results, overall, demonstrate a positive trend.”
• “The process, overall, was more efficient than expected.”

Khi nào dùng: Tạo sự nhấn mạnh, làm mềm giọng điệu, thường dùng trong speaking để nghe tự nhiên hơn.

Lưu ý: “All things considered” hiếm khi dùng ở vị trí giữa câu trong văn viết học thuật.

Dạng 3: End-position (Cuối câu) – Chỉ với “overall”

Công thức: [Main clause] + overall

Ví dụ:

• “The project was successful overall.”
• “The students performed well overall.”

Khi nào dùng: Informal hơn, thường dùng trong speaking. Không khuyến khích trong Writing Task 2 vì kém formal.

Dạng 4: Kết hợp với các linking words khác

Công thức: Overall/All things considered + , [despite/although clause], [main clause]

Ví dụ:

• “Overall, despite some initial setbacks, the campaign achieved its objectives.”
• “All things considered, although the cost was high, the investment proved worthwhile.”

Khi nào dùng: Band 8+ – Thể hiện khả năng sử dụng nhiều cohesive devices phối hợp.

Signal Words và Cụm Từ Đi Kèm

Các cụm từ thường xuất hiện cùng “overall” và “all things considered”:

Cụm từ	Ý nghĩa	Ví dụ
Overall view/picture	Bức tranh tổng thể	“The overall picture suggests economic recovery.”
Overall trend	Xu hướng chung	“The overall trend shows an increase in tourism.”
Overall performance	Hiệu suất tổng thể	“The overall performance of the company was satisfactory.”
Overall impact	Tác động tổng quát	“The overall impact on the environment has been negative.”
All factors considered	Xét mọi yếu tố	“All factors considered, this is the best option.”
When all is said and done	Sau cùng thì (đồng nghĩa với all things considered)	“When all is said and done, education remains the top priority.”

Các adverbs và adjectives thường đi kèm:

• “Overall, clearly/evidently/undoubtedly…” (nhấn mạnh tính chắc chắn)
• “Overall, it seems/appears that…” (giọng điệu dè dặt hơn)
• “All things considered, this is arguably/probably/perhaps…” (thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân)

Công thức và vị trí sử dụng Overall, All Things Considered để đạt Band 8 IELTS

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS

Speaking

Part 1 – Introduction & Interview

Mặc dù Part 1 ít yêu cầu tổng kết phức tạp, bạn vẫn có thể sử dụng “overall” để thể hiện sự tự nhiên:

Topic thường gặp: Hobbies, hometown, daily routine

Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:

Q: “Do you enjoy your current job/studies?”

A: “Well, there are definitely some challenging aspects, especially the workload during exam season. However, overall, I really enjoy what I’m doing because it aligns with my interests and career goals.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “overall” ở mid-position sau “however” để cân bằng giữa khó khăn và sự hài lòng chung, tạo câu trả lời nuanced (tinh tế), không quá đơn giản.

Q: “What do you think about your hometown?”

A: “My hometown has changed quite dramatically over the years. Some traditional areas have been replaced by modern buildings, which is a bit sad. But overall, these developments have brought more job opportunities and better infrastructure.”

→ Phân tích: Thể hiện khả năng nhìn nhận cả hai mặt của vấn đề trước khi đưa ra nhận định chung – đặc điểm của Band 7+.

Part 2 – Long Turn

Cue card example:
Describe a difficult decision you had to make.
You should say:

• What the decision was
• When you made it
• What the result was
• And explain why it was difficult

Sample answer (trích đoạn kết):

“…So I had to weigh the pros and cons carefully. On one hand, staying in my current job meant financial security and familiar surroundings. On the other hand, moving abroad offered better career prospects and personal growth. All things considered, I decided to take the opportunity overseas. It was a difficult choice because I had to leave my family and friends behind, but overall, looking back now, it was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made. The experience has not only advanced my career but also broadened my horizons significantly.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+ features:

• Sử dụng cả “all things considered” (để báo hiệu quyết định cuối cùng) và “overall” (để nhìn lại tổng thể)
• Cấu trúc câu đa dạng: complex sentences với mệnh đề quan hệ
• Vocabulary range: weigh the pros and cons, financial security, career prospects, broaden horizons
• Coherence: Luồng ý logic từ conflict → decision → evaluation

Part 3 – Discussion

Đây là phần quan trọng nhất để sử dụng “overall” và “all things considered” vì examiner thường hỏi các câu hỏi yêu cầu đánh giá tổng quát:

Typical questions:

Q: “Do you think social media has a positive or negative impact on society?”

A (Band 7-8 response): “That’s quite a complex question because social media has both advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, it’s revolutionized communication and made it easier for people to stay connected across distances. It’s also become a powerful tool for businesses and education. However, there are significant concerns about privacy, mental health issues, especially among young people, and the spread of misinformation.

All things considered, I believe that social media itself is neutral – it’s a tool. The impact depends entirely on how people use it. If used responsibly and with proper regulations in place, overall, the benefits can outweigh the drawbacks. But without proper education about digital literacy and online safety, the negative consequences can be quite serious.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+ features:

• Structure rõ ràng: Thừa nhận sự phức tạp → Liệt kê advantages → Disadvantages → Final judgment
• Sử dụng “all things considered” để signal câu trả lời tổng kết
• Sử dụng “overall” trong conditional context (if…then overall…)
• Sophisticated vocabulary: revolutionized, misinformation, digital literacy
• Nuanced opinion: không đơn giản “positive” hay “negative” mà phân tích điều kiện

Q: “How has technology changed education in your country?”

A (Band 8 response): “Technology has transformed education in numerous ways over the past decade. Online learning platforms have become increasingly popular, especially after the pandemic. Students now have access to resources from around the world, which was impossible before. Smart classrooms with interactive whiteboards and tablets have also made lessons more engaging.

Overall, these technological advances have democratized education to some extent – students in rural areas can now access the same quality content as those in cities. However, there’s still a digital divide, and not all students have equal access to devices and internet connectivity. So while the overall trend is positive, we still need to address these inequality issues.”

→ Phân tích:

• “Overall” xuất hiện hai lần: một lần để tổng kết tác động tích cực, một lần trong cụm “overall trend”
• Thể hiện critical thinking: nhận ra cả mặt tích cực và vấn đề còn tồn tại
• Natural conclusion với policy implication

Writing Task 1

Khi nào dùng:

“Overall” là từ khóa thiết yếu trong Writing Task 1, xuất hiện trong:

• Overview paragraph: Đoạn tổng quan mô tả 2-3 xu hướng chính của biểu đồ
• Conclusion sentence: Câu kết của entire report (nếu không viết overview riêng)
• Transitional statements: Khi chuyển từ mô tả chi tiết sang nhận xét chung

Lưu ý quan trọng: Examiner tìm kiếm overview trong bài Task 1. Không có overview = khó đạt Band 7 cho Coherence & Cohesion.

Ví dụ 1: Line graph (GDP growth)

Task: The line graph shows the GDP growth rates of three countries from 2010 to 2020.

Overview paragraph:

“Overall, all three countries experienced fluctuations in their GDP growth rates over the given period. China consistently maintained the highest growth rate throughout, while the UK showed the most volatile pattern with significant peaks and troughs. Overall, there was a general downward trend for all nations, particularly noticeable after 2018.”

→ Phân tích:

• “Overall” xuất hiện hai lần: đầu đoạn và giữa đoạn để nhấn mạnh hai general features
• Không có số liệu cụ thể trong overview (đây là requirement của IELTS)
• Dùng past tense vì có time frame cụ thể (2010-2020)
• Vocabulary for trends: fluctuations, volatile, peaks and troughs, downward trend

Ví dụ 2: Bar chart (Energy consumption)

Task: The bar chart compares the amount of energy consumed by different sectors in 2020.

Overview:

“Overall, it is clear that the industrial sector accounted for the largest proportion of energy consumption, followed by the transportation and residential sectors. By contrast, the agricultural sector consumed the least energy overall.”

→ Phân tích:

• Sentence-initial “Overall” + “it is clear that” = standard pattern cho overview
• End-position “overall” trong câu so sánh
• Comparative language: largest, followed by, by contrast, least
• Present tense cho single time point

Ví dụ 3: Process diagram

Task: The diagram shows the process of water purification.

Overview:

“Overall, the water purification process consists of several stages, beginning with the collection of raw water and ending with the distribution of clean water to households. The overall duration of the process takes approximately 24 hours.”

→ Phân tích:

• Sử dụng “overall” với noun phrase “overall duration”
• Present simple vì process không đổi theo thời gian
• Clear beginning and end points

Cách viết đoạn Overview sử dụng Overall trong IELTS Writing Task 1 đạt Band 8

Writing Task 2

Essay types sử dụng “overall” và “all things considered”:

Opinion Essay

Topic: Some people believe that universities should focus on providing academic skills, while others think they should prepare students for employment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Body paragraph example (Band 8):

“Those who advocate for employment-focused education argue that universities have a responsibility to ensure graduates are job-ready. In today’s competitive market, theoretical knowledge alone is insufficient; students need practical skills, internships, and industry connections. Companies increasingly prefer candidates with hands-on experience, making vocational training within universities essential.

All things considered, however, I believe this perspective is somewhat short-sighted. While employability is certainly important, the primary mission of universities should remain the cultivation of critical thinking and deep subject knowledge. Overall, institutions that strike a balance between academic rigor and practical preparation tend to produce the most successful graduates.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+ features:

• “All things considered” với “however” để chuyển từ thảo luận sang opinion cá nhân
• “Overall” để đưa ra final position
• Sophisticated grammar: relative clauses, participle phrases (making vocational training…)
• Cohesion: clear progression từ others’ view → countering → own position

Advantage/Disadvantage Essay

Topic: Living in a foreign country can be exciting, but it also has significant challenges. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Conclusion paragraph (Band 8):

“In conclusion, while residing abroad undoubtedly presents numerous difficulties, from language barriers to cultural adjustment and homesickness, the personal and professional benefits are substantial. All things considered, the advantages of international living—including career opportunities, personal growth, and broadened perspectives—overall outweigh the temporary challenges, particularly for those who approach the experience with an open mind and adequate preparation.”

→ Phân tích:

• Kết hợp cả “all things considered” và “overall” trong conclusion
• Acknowledge disadvantages trước khi state position
• Qualification “particularly for those who…” → sophisticated, nuanced conclusion
• Topic vocabulary: residing abroad, cultural adjustment, broadened perspectives

Discussion Essay

Topic: Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others believe individual action is important. Discuss both views.

Body paragraph transition (Band 7-8):

“Environmental organizations and governments play a crucial role in implementing large-scale changes such as renewable energy policies and conservation programs. Nevertheless, individual actions should not be underestimated. Simple behavioral changes like reducing plastic use, conserving energy, and supporting sustainable businesses can collectively make a significant impact.

Overall, the most effective approach combines both individual responsibility and institutional action. When citizens make conscious choices in their daily lives, they not only reduce their personal carbon footprint but also create demand for sustainable products and pressure governments to prioritize environmental policies.”

→ Phân tích:

• “Overall” dùng để synthesize hai views đã discuss
• Thể hiện sophisticated thinking: không chọn một bên mà propose integrated solution
• Cohesive devices: Nevertheless, not only…but also

Problem/Solution Essay

Topic: Many cities around the world are facing serious air pollution. What are the causes and what solutions can you suggest?

Conclusion (Band 8):

“All things considered, air pollution in urban areas stems from multiple sources, primarily industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, and inadequate waste management. Addressing this multifaceted problem requires coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and individuals. Overall, implementing stricter emission standards, investing in public transportation, and promoting renewable energy represent the most viable solutions. Only through such comprehensive measures can cities hope to achieve cleaner air and healthier living conditions for their residents.”

→ Phán tích:

• “All things considered” mở đầu conclusion, recap causes
• “Overall” giới thiệu solutions summary
• Parallel structure: implementing…investing…promoting (grammatical range)
• Strong concluding statement với modal “can” + hope

Sample Paragraphs Band 7-9

Band 7 Sample: Technology Topic

“Technology has changed the way people communicate in numerous ways. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow us to stay connected with friends and family across the globe instantly. Video calling applications such as Zoom have made remote work and online education possible. However, these technologies also have downsides. Face-to-face interaction has decreased, and many people feel more isolated despite being constantly connected online. Overall, while technology has made communication faster and more convenient, it has also changed the quality of our relationships in ways that are not always positive.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Clear main ideas với relevant examples
• “Overall” sử dụng chính xác để conclude
• Grammar mostly accurate với some complex sentences
• Vocabulary appropriate nhưng chưa sophisticated (changed → transformed, downsides → drawbacks)
• Cohesion good nhưng còn có thể tăng thêm discourse markers

Band 8-9 Sample: Education Topic

“The debate surrounding the optimal balance between academic and vocational education in schools has intensified in recent years. Proponents of traditional academic curricula contend that subjects such as literature, history, and pure sciences foster critical thinking and cultural literacy—skills that transcend specific job requirements and remain valuable throughout one’s career. Moreover, they argue that education should not merely serve immediate economic needs but should cultivate well-rounded, intellectually curious citizens.

Conversely, advocates for vocational training emphasize the pragmatic benefits of job-specific skills in an increasingly competitive labor market. They point to the growing skills gap in technical fields and argue that schools have a responsibility to prepare students for real-world employment challenges. All things considered, however, this dichotomy presents a false choice. Overall, the most effective educational systems integrate both approaches, offering rigorous academic instruction alongside practical skill development. Finland and Singapore, for instance, have successfully implemented hybrid models that produce students who excel both intellectually and professionally, demonstrating that theoretical knowledge and practical competence need not be mutually exclusive.”

Phân tích Band 8-9:

• “All things considered” với “however” để present sophisticated position
• “Overall” để introduce final synthesis
• Wide range of vocabulary: intensified, proponents, transcend, pragmatic, dichotomy
• Complex grammar: participle clauses, relative clauses, demonstrative clauses
• Sophisticated argumentation: presents both sides → rejects false dichotomy → proposes nuanced position
• Real-world examples (Finland, Singapore) strengthen argument
• Natural flow với excellent cohesion

Bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 Band 8 sử dụng Overall và All Things Considered hiệu quả

Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác

“Overall” + Conditional Structures

Example: “Overall, if governments invest more in renewable energy infrastructure, the transition to sustainable power sources could be accelerated significantly.”

→ Band 8+ features: Kết hợp discourse marker với conditional type 1 để present hypothetical conclusion. Thể hiện khả năng sử dụng nhiều grammatical structures phối hợp.

Example: “All things considered, had the company implemented these changes earlier, overall performance would have improved much sooner.”

→ Band 9 features: Kết hợp “all things considered” với conditional type 3 (past unreal) và “overall” trong main clause. Demonstrating mastery of advanced grammar.

“All things considered” + Concessive Clauses

Example: “All things considered, although the initial investment was substantial, the long-term benefits of solar panel installation overall justify the expense.”

→ Sophistication: Kết hợp discourse marker với concessive clause (although) và thêm “overall” trong main clause để tạo nhiều layers của meaning.

Example: “While individual efforts are important, all things considered, systemic changes driven by policy reforms will ultimately have the greatest overall impact on climate change.”

→ Complex integration: While clause → all things considered → future form với “will” → “overall impact” (noun phrase)

“Overall” + Passive Voice

Example: “Overall, it can be observed that significant progress has been made in reducing poverty rates across developing nations.”

→ Academic style: Impersonal passive construction với “can be observed” + perfect tense. Very formal and appropriate cho Writing Task 1 academic reports.

Example: “All things considered, the decision was made after careful deliberation, and overall, the outcomes have been regarded as positive by most stakeholders.”

→ Advanced passive: Multiple passive constructions (was made, have been regarded) với “all things considered” và “overall” creating formal, objective tone.

“Overall” + Comparative Structures

Example: “Overall, the advantages of online shopping are becoming increasingly apparent, particularly when compared to traditional retail experiences.”

→ Comparative context: Present continuous “are becoming” + comparative phrase “when compared to”

Example: “All things considered, this approach proves more effective overall than alternative methods, primarily because it addresses root causes rather than symptoms.”

→ Sophisticated comparison: “proves more effective” + “overall” as adverb + causal explanation với “because”

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao

Academic collocations với “overall” và “all things considered”:

Collocation	Ví dụ	Band Level	Context
The overall consensus is that…	“The overall consensus is that climate change requires immediate action.”	8+	Introducing widely accepted view
Overall assessment	“The overall assessment of the program revealed both strengths and weaknesses.”	7+	Evaluation contexts
Overall framework	“The overall framework for educational reform needs revision.”	8+	Discussing systems/structures
Overall trajectory	“The overall trajectory of technological advancement suggests continued disruption.”	8-9	Describing trends/directions
On balance / All factors weighed	“On balance, the policy has been moderately successful.” (synonym)	8+	Concluding after weighing options
Taking everything into account	“Taking everything into account, this remains the optimal solution.” (synonym)	7-8	Formal conclusion
In the final analysis	“In the final analysis, economic factors proved decisive.”	8-9	Ultimate conclusion
Viewed holistically	“Viewed holistically, the data reveals concerning patterns.”	9	Academic/philosophical contexts

Advanced sentence patterns:

Pattern 1: Overall + despite/in spite of + noun phrase, + main clause

“Overall, despite the numerous challenges faced during implementation, the project achieved its primary objectives.”

→ Band 8+: Demonstrates control of concessive structures with discourse markers

Pattern 2: All things considered + , it appears/seems that + clause

“All things considered, it appears that the benefits of genetic modification in agriculture outweigh the potential risks, at least in the short term.”

→ Band 8+: Cautious language (appears, at least) shows sophisticated, nuanced thinking

Pattern 3: Subject + verb + overall + comparative structure

“The performance of renewable energy stocks has improved overall more rapidly than traditional energy investments over the past decade.”

→ Band 9: Complex noun phrase subject + perfect tense + “overall” as adverb + comparative

Pattern 4: Overall/All things considered + modal verb + passive

“All things considered, greater emphasis should be placed overall on preventive healthcare rather than treatment.”

→ Band 8-9: Modal passive + “overall” integration + contrasting ideas (preventive vs. treatment)

Câu Phức & Ghép

Tích hợp vào complex sentences:

Example 1: Multiple clauses với các connecting words

“Although some critics argue that standardized testing limits creativity, and while alternative assessment methods have their merits, all things considered, standardized tests still provide the most objective measure of student achievement overall, particularly when comparing performance across diverse educational contexts.”

→ Phân tích Band 9:

• Concessive clauses: Although… and while…
• Main clause với “all things considered”
• “Overall” as adverb trong main clause
• Qualification: “particularly when…”
• Grammatical complexity: multiple subordination
• Length and complexity appropriate cho Band 9

Example 2: Relative clauses with discourse markers

“The research, which examined data from over 10,000 participants across 50 countries, revealed patterns that were surprising. Overall, the findings, which contradicted previous assumptions, suggest that cultural factors play a more significant role than economic ones in determining life satisfaction.”

→ Phân tích Band 8:

• Non-defining relative clause: “which examined…”
• “Overall” transitioning to main finding
• Another relative clause: “which contradicted…”
• Clear logical flow from research → findings → interpretation

Example 3: Conditional + discourse marker + result clause

“If policymakers had prioritized environmental concerns earlier, and if corporations had embraced sustainable practices more readily, all things considered, we would be in a significantly better position overall to address current climate challenges.”

→ Phân tích Band 9:

• Past unreal conditional (type 3)
• Parallel if-clauses: “If…had prioritized” and “if…had embraced”
• “All things considered” introducing result
• “Overall” within result clause
• Demonstrates mastery of hypothetical reasoning

Example 4: Participial phrases với overall assessment

“Having examined the evidence thoroughly, considering both short-term and long-term implications, and weighing the various stakeholder perspectives, the committee concluded that, overall, the proposed policy represented the most balanced approach. All things considered, implementing this policy, despite its imperfections, offers the best path forward.”

→ Phân tích Band 9:

• Three participial phrases: “Having examined,” “considering,” “weighing”
• “Overall” in conclusion statement
• Second sentence với “all things considered” + participial phrase “despite its imperfections”
• Highly sophisticated structure showing advanced control

So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự

“Overall” vs “In general” vs “Generally speaking”

Tiêu chí	Overall	In general	Generally speaking
Công thức	Overall, [specific conclusion based on evidence]	In general, [broad statement about usual cases]	Generally speaking, [personal observation/opinion]
Ý nghĩa	Tổng kết sau khi xem xét chi tiết	Nói về điều thường xảy ra, quy luật chung	Nói một cách đại thể, theo kinh nghiệm
Formality	Formal – Academic	Neutral – Formal	Less formal – Conversational
IELTS Context	Writing Task 1 & 2, Speaking Part 3	Writing Task 2, Speaking Part 2 & 3	Speaking Part 1 & 2
Evidence-based	Yes – implies data/analysis reviewed	Somewhat – implies pattern observed	No – implies personal experience
Band level	7-9 (essential for high scores)	6-7 (useful but less sophisticated)	6-7 (natural but informal)

Ví dụ so sánh:

Situation: Describing crime rates in cities

• Overall: “Overall, crime rates in major cities have declined by 15% over the past decade.”
  → Specific conclusion based on data presented

• In general: “In general, larger cities tend to have higher crime rates than smaller towns.”
  → Statement about typical patterns/general rule

• Generally speaking: “Generally speaking, people feel less safe in urban areas after dark.”
  → Personal observation or common perception

Khi nào dùng cái nào:

Use “Overall” when:

• Concluding a detailed analysis (Writing Task 1 overview)
• Summarizing points you’ve discussed (Writing Task 2 conclusion)
• Giving final judgment after weighing evidence (Speaking Part 3)
• Need to sound academic and evidence-based

Use “In general” when:

• Talking about usual situations or typical cases
• Making broad generalizations supported by common knowledge
• Introducing a general principle before giving specific examples
• Want neutral, objective tone

Use “Generally speaking” when:

• Speaking naturally in conversation (IELTS Speaking)
• Giving personal opinions or observations
• Want to sound less formal and more conversational
• Introducing your perspective (not necessarily evidence-based)

“All things considered” vs “On balance” vs “Taking everything into account”

Tiêu chí	All things considered	On balance	Taking everything into account
Formality	Formal	Formal	Very formal
Length	3 words	2 words	5 words
Common usage	Common in both speaking & writing	More common in writing	More common in writing
Implication	Considered multiple factors	Weighed pros and cons	Comprehensive consideration
Best for	Conclusions, final opinions	Arguments with two clear sides	Complex situations with many variables

Ví dụ so sánh:

Topic: Should governments invest in space exploration?

• All things considered: “All things considered, government investment in space exploration is justified despite the high costs, as it drives technological innovation and scientific discovery.”
  → Standard formal conclusion acknowledging multiple aspects

• On balance: “On balance, the benefits of space exploration outweigh the costs, particularly when considering long-term technological benefits.”
  → Implies weighing two sides (benefits vs costs) and determining which is heavier

• Taking everything into account: “Taking everything into account—the economic costs, scientific benefits, inspirational value, and potential for future resource access—space exploration represents a worthwhile investment.”
  → Explicitly lists multiple factors being considered, very comprehensive

Khi nào dùng từng cụm:

“All things considered” – Most versatile:

• Use in both Writing Task 2 conclusions and Speaking Part 3
• When you’ve discussed multiple aspects (not just two opposing sides)
• Band 7-8 target

“On balance” – For binary discussions:

• Advantage/Disadvantage essays
• When two clear opposing views exist
• When want to sound particularly academic
• Band 8+ (less common, more sophisticated)

“Taking everything into account” – For complex analysis:

• When you’ve genuinely discussed 3+ different factors
• Final conclusion of very comprehensive discussion
• Risk: can sound verbose if overused
• Band 8-9 (shows thoroughness)

So sánh cách dùng Overall, In General, Generally Speaking trong IELTS

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Sử dụng “overall” với thông tin quá cụ thể thay vì tổng quát

❌ SAI:
“Overall, the population of London increased from 8.2 million to 9.1 million between 2010 and 2020.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Overall, all three cities experienced population growth during the period, with London showing the most significant increase.”

Giải thích:
“Overall” dùng để present general trends/patterns, không phải specific data points. Câu sai liệt kê con số cụ thể (8.2 million → 9.1 million), điều này thuộc body paragraph chứ không phải overview.

Lưu ý:

• Overview paragraph (với “overall”) không bao giờ có số liệu cụ thể
• “Overall” + general pattern/trend (tăng/giảm/ổn định)
• Số liệu chi tiết để cho body paragraphs

Ví dụ đúng thêm:

• ✅ “Overall, renewable energy consumption rose across all sectors.”
• ❌ “Overall, renewable energy consumption increased by 23.5%.”

Lỗi 2: Đặt “all things considered” ở vị trí giữa hoặc cuối câu trong văn viết học thuật

❌ SAI:
“The policy, all things considered, was effective in reducing unemployment.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“All things considered, the policy was effective in reducing unemployment.”

Giải thích:
Khác với “overall” (có thể dùng ở nhiều vị trí), “all things considered” trong academic writing hầu như luôn ở đầu câu. Đặt giữa câu làm giảm tính formal và có thể làm câu rối.

Lưu ý:

• “All things considered” → sentence-initial position trong writing
• Trong speaking, có thể linh hoạt hơn nhưng vẫn nên ưu tiên đầu câu
• Nếu muốn vary sentence structure, dùng synonyms như “on balance” hoặc “taking everything into account”

So sánh:

• ✅ Speaking (informal): “It was, all things considered, a good decision.” (acceptable)
• ❌ Writing Task 2: “The approach, all things considered, has merit.” (avoid)
• ✅ Writing Task 2: “All things considered, the approach has merit.” (preferred)

Lỗi 3: Quên dấu phẩy sau “overall” và “all things considered”

❌ SAI:
“Overall the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.”
“All things considered the project was successful.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Overall, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.”
“All things considered, the project was successful.”

Giải thích:
Đây là lỗi punctuation rất phổ biến của học viên Việt Nam. Discourse markers ở đầu câu luôn cần dấu phẩy sau chúng để tách biệt với main clause. Thiếu dấu phẩy = lỗi grammar có thể ảnh hưởng đến Grammar score.

Lưu ý:

• Sentence-initial discourse marker + comma là rule cố định
• Mid-position: cần hai dấu phẩy (The project, overall, was successful.)
• End-position (chỉ với “overall”): không cần dấu phẩy trước (The project was successful overall.)

Các discourse markers khác cũng tuân theo rule này:

• ✅ “However, this approach has limitations.”
• ✅ “Moreover, the data suggests…”
• ✅ “Nevertheless, some challenges remain.”

Lỗi 4: Sử dụng “overall” quá nhiều lần trong một bài viết

❌ SAI (Writing Task 2 – 250 words):
“Overall, technology has changed education. Overall, students now have more resources. Overall, teachers can use digital tools. Overall, this is positive.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Overall, technology has fundamentally transformed education. Students now have unprecedented access to resources, while teachers can utilize various digital tools to enhance learning. On balance, these developments have been largely positive.”

Giải thích:
Lặp lại “overall” nhiều lần làm giảm Coherence & Cohesion score vì thiếu variety in cohesive devices. Trong một bài 250 từ, dùng “overall” hoặc “all things considered” 1-2 lần là đủ.

Lưu ý:

• Writing Task 1 (150 words): “Overall” xuất hiện 1-2 lần (overview paragraph)
• Writing Task 2 (250 words): “Overall/All things considered” xuất hiện 1-2 lần (thường ở conclusion hoặc topic sentence của last body paragraph)
• Vary với synonyms: “On balance,” “In sum,” “To summarize,” “Taking everything into account”

Distribution suggestions:

• Intro: Không cần
• Body paragraph 1: Không cần
• Body paragraph 2: Có thể dùng 1 lần nếu muốn summarize section
• Conclusion: Dùng 1 lần

Lỗi 5: Nhầm lẫn giữa “overall” và “in general” trong Writing Task 1

❌ SAI (Writing Task 1):
“In general, the population of City A increased from 2010 to 2020.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Overall, the population of City A increased from 2010 to 2020.”

Giải thích:
Trong Writing Task 1, convention (quy ước) là dùng “overall” cho overview paragraph, không dùng “in general”. “In general” implies generalization about typical cases, trong khi “overall” summarizes specific data presented in the chart/graph.

Lưu ý:

• Writing Task 1: Ưu tiên “overall” (standard academic phrase for describing data)
• Writing Task 2: Có thể dùng cả “overall” và “in general” tùy context
• “In general” → talking about usual situations
• “Overall” → summarizing specific information/reaching conclusion

Examples for clarity:

Writing Task 1:

• ✅ “Overall, exports increased while imports remained stable.”
• ❌ “In general, exports increased while imports remained stable.”

Writing Task 2:

• ✅ “In general, people prefer to work close to home.”
• ✅ “Overall, the advantages of remote work outweigh the disadvantages.”

Lỗi 6: Sử dụng “overall” với future predictions thiếu modal verbs

❌ SAI:
“Overall, the population increases in the next decade.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Overall, the population is likely to increase/is expected to increase in the next decade.”

Giải thích:
Khi dùng “overall” với future time reference, cần modal verbs (will, may, might, could) hoặc expressions of prediction (is likely to, is expected to, is projected to) để thể hiện uncertainty, không dùng simple present.

Lưu ý:

• Future predictions: overall + modal/prediction phrase
• Present/past facts: overall + simple tense

Correct patterns:

• “Overall, emissions will probably continue to rise.”
• “Overall, technology is expected to play a greater role.”
• “Overall, these trends are likely to persist.”

Lỗi 7: Dùng “all things considered” khi chưa thực sự consider nhiều things

❌ SAI:
Q: “Do you like your job?”
A: “All things considered, yes, I enjoy it because the salary is good.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
Q: “Do you like your job?”
A: “Overall, yes, I enjoy it because the salary is good.”
(OR)
A: “All things considered, yes. While the workload can be heavy and the commute is long, the salary is good, my colleagues are supportive, and the work itself is meaningful.”

Giải thích:
“All things considered” implies bạn đã xem xét multiple factors (at least 2-3). Nếu chỉ đưa ra một lý do (salary), dùng “all things considered” là inappropriate và pretentious (giả vờ sâu sắc).

Lưu ý:

• “All things considered” → use when you’ve genuinely discussed 2+ factors
• For simple answers với 1 reason: dùng “overall” hoặc không cần summarizing phrase
• Matching language to content complexity = sign of good English

Top 5 Mistakes Vietnamese Learners Make – Summary

1. Overusing “overall” in Task 1: Dùng ở mọi đoạn thay vì chỉ overview → Solution: Dùng 1-2 lần, vary với “in summary” hoặc không dùng discourse marker

2. Missing comma after sentence-initial position: “Overall the data shows…” → Solution: Luôn nhớ dấu phẩy: “Overall, the data shows…”

3. Using “overall” with specific numbers in overview: “Overall, the figure was 45.2%” → Solution: “Overall, the figure increased significantly” (general trend only)

4. Confusing “overall” with “in general”: Dùng “in general” cho data description → Solution: Task 1 = “overall”, Task 2 general statements = “in general”

5. Placing “all things considered” mid-sentence in writing: “The solution, all things considered, is effective.” → Solution: “All things considered, the solution is effective.”

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Điền Từ – Choose “overall” or “all things considered”

Hoàn thành câu với “overall” hoặc “all things considered”:

1. __, the advantages of online shopping outweigh the disadvantages.

2. The data shows fluctuations, but __, there is an upward trend.

3. She faced many challenges during the project. __, however, she managed to complete it successfully.

4. __, the performance of the economy has been satisfactory this year.

5. The job has both pros and cons. __, though, it’s a good opportunity for career development.

6. __, renewable energy consumption increased across all sectors between 2010 and 2020.

7. While some students struggled, __, the class performed well on the exam.

8. The plan has risks, but __, it represents the best path forward.

9. __, it is clear that the majority of respondents support the proposal.

10. The trip was expensive and tiring. __, it was an unforgettable experience.

Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau và sửa lại:

1. Overall the population increased significantly between 2000 and 2020. [❌]

2. All things considered, the advantages of this approach, overall, outweigh its disadvantages. [❌]

3. In general, the chart shows that exports increased from $5.2 million to $7.8 million. [❌]

4. The project, all things considered, achieved most of its objectives despite facing numerous challenges. [❌ for Writing / ✅ for Speaking]

5. Overall, the temperature rises by exactly 2.5 degrees Celsius in summer. [❌]

6. All things considered the investment was worthwhile. [❌]

7. The results overall was positive. [❌]

8. Overall, I think education is important because teachers are helpful. [Awkward ❌]

9. In general, the data reveals a clear upward trend. [❌ for Task 1]

10. Overall, overall, the policy has been effective. [❌]

Bài Tập 3: Viết Lại Câu

Viết lại câu sử dụng “overall” hoặc “all things considered” cho phù hợp:

1. The project was successful despite some initial problems.
   → Your answer: ___

2. When we consider everything, studying abroad is better than studying at home.
   → Your answer: ___

3. The chart shows that all countries experienced economic growth.
   → Your answer: ___

4. There are advantages and disadvantages, but the advantages are more significant.
   → Your answer: ___

5. Generally speaking, people prefer to work from home.
   → Your answer (improve for Writing Task 2): ___

Bài Tập 4: Writing Task 1 Practice

Write an overview paragraph for the following task:

Task: The line graph shows the percentage of households with internet access in three countries (Japan, Brazil, and Egypt) from 2005 to 2020.

Key data:

• Japan: 40% (2005) → 95% (2020)
• Brazil: 15% (2005) → 70% (2020)
• Egypt: 5% (2005) → 50% (2020)
• All showed upward trends
• Japan had highest throughout
• Egypt had steepest growth rate

Your overview paragraph (2-3 sentences using “overall”):

---

---

---

Bài Tập 5: Writing Task 2 Practice

Write a conclusion paragraph for this Task 2 question:

Topic: Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others believe that there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Your opinion (assumed): Combination of both approaches is most effective.

Your conclusion paragraph (use “all things considered” or “overall”):

---

---

---

---

Bài Tập 6: Speaking Practice

Respond to these Speaking Part 3 questions using “overall” or “all things considered”:

Question 1: “Do you think technology has had a positive or negative impact on family relationships?”

Your answer (3-4 sentences, use discourse markers):

---

---

---

Question 2: “What do you think is the biggest challenge facing your country today?”

Your answer (4-5 sentences, include “overall” or “all things considered”):

---

---

---

---

Đáp Án & Giải Thích

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1:

1. All things considered / Overall (cả hai đều đúng – đây là concluding statement)

2. overall (summarizing trend từ data)

3. All things considered (acknowledging challenges trước conclusion, formal tone)

4. Overall (general assessment, có thể dùng cho cả speaking và writing)

5. All things considered (đã đề cập pros and cons, nên phù hợp với “considering all things”)

6. Overall (Writing Task 1 context – describing data, luôn dùng “overall”)

7. overall (simple summary statement, “overall” đơn giản hơn)

8. all things considered (acknowledging risks = multiple factors đã được xem xét)

9. Overall (Writing Task 1 – formal report structure với “it is clear that”)

10. All things considered (có mention cả negative – expensive, tiring – và positive)

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2:

1. ❌ Lỗi: Thiếu dấu phẩy

   • ✅ Sửa: “Overall, the population increased significantly between 2000 and 2020.”

2. ❌ Lỗi: Redundant – dùng cả “all things considered” và “overall” trong cùng một câu ngắn

   • ✅ Sửa: “All things considered, the advantages of this approach outweigh its disadvantages.”
   • HOẶC: “The advantages of this approach, overall, outweigh its disadvantages.”

3. ❌ Lỗi: Dùng “in general” trong Task 1 context + có số liệu cụ thể

   • ✅ Sửa: “Overall, the chart shows that exports increased substantially.” (không mention specific figures trong overview)

4. ❌ Lỗi: “All things considered” ở mid-position trong formal writing là không tối ưu

   • ✅ Sửa (for Writing): “All things considered, the project achieved most of its objectives despite facing numerous challenges.”
   • ✅ OK for Speaking: Giữ nguyên (natural và acceptable trong speech)

5. ❌ Lỗi: “Overall” với số liệu quá cụ thể (2.5 degrees)

   • ✅ Sửa: “Overall, temperatures rise significantly in summer.” (general statement)

6. ❌ Lỗi: Thiếu dấu phẩy sau “all things considered”

   • ✅ Sửa: “All things considered, the investment was worthwhile.”

7. ❌ Lỗi: Subject-verb agreement – “results” (plural) + “was” (singular)

   • ✅ Sửa: “The results overall were positive.” HOẶC “Overall, the results were positive.”

8. ❌ Lỗi: Dùng “overall” không cần thiết và reason too simple

   • ✅ Sửa: “Education is important because it develops critical thinking, provides career opportunities, and contributes to social development. Overall, it remains the foundation of individual and societal progress.”
   • Giải thích: Cần có substance trước khi dùng “overall” để summarize

9. ❌ Lỗi: “In general” không standard cho Writing Task 1

   • ✅ Sửa: “Overall, the data reveals a clear upward trend.”

10. ❌ Lỗi: Repetition – “overall” hai lần

    • ✅ Sửa: “Overall, the policy has been effective.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3:

1. Suggested answer:
   “Overall, the project was successful despite some initial problems.”
   HOẶC: “All things considered, the project was successful, even though there were some initial problems.”

2. Suggested answer:
   “All things considered, studying abroad is better than studying at home.”
   (Note: “All things considered” thay thế “when we consider everything” một cách concise hơn)

3. Suggested answer:
   “Overall, all countries experienced economic growth.”
   (Writing Task 1 context → dùng “overall”)

4. Suggested answer:
   “All things considered, while there are both advantages and disadvantages, the advantages are more significant.”
   HOẶC: “Overall, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.”

5. Improved for Writing Task 2:
   Original: “Generally speaking, people prefer to work from home.”
   → Better: “Overall, evidence suggests that a majority of employees prefer remote work arrangements.”
   (More formal, less conversational, evidence-based language suitable cho academic writing)

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4: Writing Task 1 Overview

Sample Answer (Band 8):

“Overall, internet access in households increased substantially in all three countries over the 15-year period. Japan consistently maintained the highest percentage throughout, reaching 95% by 2020, while Egypt, despite starting from the lowest base of just 5%, demonstrated the steepest rate of growth. Overall, the data reveals a clear global trend toward greater internet connectivity.”

Phân tích:

• “Overall” xuất hiện 2 lần: mở đầu và sentence 2
• General trends only: increased substantially, highest percentage, steepest growth
• No specific figures mentioned (40%, 95%, etc. – save for body paragraphs)
• Comparative language: highest, lowest, steepest
• Clear summary: “global trend toward greater connectivity”
• Length appropriate: ~60 words

Alternative Answer (Band 7):

“Overall, the graph shows that internet access grew in all three nations from 2005 to 2020. Japan had the highest rate throughout the period, while Egypt showed the fastest increase despite having the lowest starting point.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• One “overall” at the beginning
• Clear main trends identified
• Simpler vocabulary: grew, highest, fastest, lowest
• Shorter and more straightforward: ~40 words
• Accurate but less sophisticated than Band 8 version

Đáp Án Bài Tập 5: Writing Task 2 Conclusion

Sample Answer (Band 8-9):

“In conclusion, while longer prison sentences may serve as a deterrent and protect society from dangerous criminals, alternative approaches such as rehabilitation programs, community service, and addressing root socioeconomic causes offer more sustainable long-term solutions. All things considered, a comprehensive strategy that combines proportionate sentencing with evidence-based rehabilitation and crime prevention initiatives represents the most effective approach to reducing crime rates. Overall, societies that invest in both punitive and preventive measures tend to achieve the best outcomes.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Brief recap of both views → “All things considered” introducing personal position → “Overall” giving final observation
• Sophisticated vocabulary: deterrent, sustainable, proportionate, evidence-based
• Complex grammar: relative clauses, participle phrases
• Balanced conclusion acknowledging both perspectives
• Length appropriate: ~80 words

Alternative Answer (Band 7):

“To conclude, both longer prison sentences and alternative methods have their merits. Prisons can punish criminals and protect the public, while alternatives like rehabilitation can address the causes of crime. All things considered, I believe that a combination of both approaches is the most effective way to reduce crime. Governments should use prison sentences for serious crimes but also invest in education and social programs to prevent crime.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Clear recap of both views
• “All things considered” introducing opinion
• Simpler vocabulary and grammar
• Direct statement of opinion
• Practical suggestions
• Length: ~70 words

Đáp Án Bài Tập 6: Speaking Practice

Question 1 Sample Answer (Band 7-8):

“That’s an interesting question. I think technology has had both positive and negative effects. On one hand, video calls and messaging apps help families stay connected even when they live far apart, which is great. On the other hand, I’ve noticed that when families are together, everyone is often on their phones instead of talking to each other. Overall, though, I believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks if technology is used wisely—it’s really about finding the right balance.”

Phân tích:

• Acknowledges complexity: both positive and negative
• Specific examples: video calls, messaging apps
• Personal observation: “I’ve noticed…”
• “Overall” introducing balanced conclusion
• Qualification: “if used wisely” → sophisticated thinking
• Natural speaking style với fillers: “That’s interesting,” “which is great”

Question 2 Sample Answer (Band 8):

“I’d say that’s quite a complex issue because there are several significant challenges. Environmental problems, particularly air pollution in major cities, are certainly serious and affect public health. At the same time, economic inequality is growing, with a widening gap between rich and poor. There are also concerns about the aging population and the pressure this puts on the healthcare system. All things considered, if I had to choose the biggest single challenge, I’d probably say it’s economic inequality, because this underlying issue actually contributes to many other problems, including access to healthcare and education. Overall, addressing this would have the most far-reaching positive effects.”

Phân tích Band 8:

• Acknowledges complexity upfront
• Multiple issues identified: environmental, economic, demographic
• “All things considered” introducing personal choice after discussion
• Justification for choice: “because this underlying issue…”
• “Overall” giving final assessment of impact
• Sophisticated vocabulary: underlying issue, far-reaching effects, widening gap
• Natural discourse markers: “I’d say,” “At the same time,” “if I had to choose”
• Length appropriate: ~130 words (detailed Part 3 response)

Kết Bài

“Overall” và “all things considered” là những discourse markers không thể thiếu trong hành trình chinh phục IELTS Band 7-9. Những cụm từ này không chỉ đơn thuần là linking words mà còn thể hiện khả năng tư duy phản biện, tổng hợp thông tin và đưa ra nhận định cân bằng—những kỹ năng mà IELTS examiners đặc biệt đánh giá cao.

Trong Writing Task 1, “overall” là chìa khóa cho đoạn overview—yếu tố quyết định giữa Band 6.5 và Band 7.0 trong tiêu chí Task Achievement. Trong Writing Task 2, “all things considered” giúp conclusion của bạn trở nên sophisticated và well-rounded. Còn trong Speaking, đặc biệt Part 3, việc sử dụng tự nhiên các discourse markers này chứng tỏ bạn có thể thảo luận complex topics một cách mạch lạc và có chiều sâu.

Key takeaways:

✅ Writing Task 1: Luôn dùng “overall” trong overview paragraph để summarize main trends (không có số liệu cụ thể)

✅ Writing Task 2: Dùng “all things considered” hoặc “overall” trong conclusion để tổng kết argument sau khi đã thảo luận multiple perspectives

✅ Speaking Part 3: Tích hợp naturally vào câu trả lời khi discussing complex issues với nhiều khía cạnh

✅ Punctuation: Nhớ dấu phẩy sau sentence-initial discourse markers

✅ Variety: Kết hợp với synonyms như “on balance,” “taking everything into account” để tăng Lexical Resource score

✅ Appropriacy: Dùng “all things considered” khi thực sự đã consider nhiều factors; không overuse

Điều quan trọng nhất là practice regularly. Discourse markers trở nên tự nhiên chỉ khi bạn sử dụng chúng thường xuyên trong speaking và writing practice. Hãy bắt đầu từ việc conscious integration (cố ý sử dụng), dần dần chúng sẽ trở thành automatic part của English expression của bạn.

Đề Luyện Tập

Speaking Topics:

1. Describe a significant decision you made that affected your life.

   • Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “all things considered” khi explain why you made that decision và “overall” khi evaluate the outcome

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city.

   • Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “overall” để conclude which side is stronger sau khi thảo luận both sides

3. Talk about how social media has changed the way people communicate.

   • Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “overall” ít nhất 2 lần để summarize positive changes và final evaluation

Writing Task 1 Topics:

1. The charts show energy consumption by sector in two different years.

   • Yêu cầu: Viết overview paragraph với “overall” describing 2-3 main trends/differences

2. The graph shows changes in the number of international students in four countries from 2000 to 2020.

   • Yêu cầu: Overview sử dụng “overall” hai lần để describe general trend và comparative information

Writing Task 2 Topics:

1. Some people believe that the government should fund public services instead of spending money on arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

   • Yêu cầu: Conclusion paragraph sử dụng “all things considered” để present balanced final position

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of remote work. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

   • Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “overall” trong concluding sentence của mỗi body paragraph và “all things considered” trong main conclusion

3. Technology has made our lives easier, but it has also made us more dependent. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

   • Yêu cầu: Body paragraph kết thúc bằng “overall” assessment; conclusion mở đầu bằng “all things considered”

Practice Guidelines:

• Record yourself speaking và listen back để check xem việc sử dụng discourse markers có natural không
• Write practice essays và highlight tất cả discourse markers để ensure variety và appropriate usage
• Peer review: Trao đổi bài với bạn học và check for comma placement, overuse, và appropriacy
• Time yourself: Practice completing tasks trong exam time conditions
• Get feedback từ teachers hoặc IELTS tutors về việc sử dụng discourse markers

Self-Assessment Checklist:

• [ ] Tôi có thể sử dụng “overall” chính xác trong Writing Task 1 overview
• [ ] Tôi biết khi nào dùng “overall” vs “all things considered”
• [ ] Tôi luôn nhớ dấu phẩy sau discourse markers
• [ ] Tôi không overuse (không quá 2 lần trong một bài 250 words)
• [ ] Tôi có thể kết hợp với các cấu trúc grammar phức tạp
• [ ] Tôi sử dụng naturally trong speaking mà không phải suy nghĩ lâu
• [ ] Tôi hiểu difference giữa “overall” và “in general”

Hãy nhớ rằng mastering discourse markers như “overall” và “all things considered” chỉ là một phần của IELTS preparation. Chúng phải được sử dụng trong context của strong vocabulary, accurate grammar, clear organization và relevant content. Khi tất cả các yếu tố này kết hợp harmoniously, Band 7-9 hoàn toàn trong tầm tay!

Good luck với IELTS preparation của bạn!