Cách Phân Biệt During vs While vs For Trong IELTS – Bí Quyết Đạt Band 8.0

Giới Thiệu

During, While và For là ba giới từ/liên từ thường gây nhầm lẫn cho thí sinh IELTS, đặc biệt là học viên Việt Nam. Mặc dù cả ba đều liên quan đến thời gian, nhưng cách sử dụng và vị trí trong câu hoàn toàn khác nhau. Việc phân biệt chính xác ba cấu trúc này không chỉ giúp bạn tránh mất điểm Grammatical Range and Accuracy mà còn thể hiện sự tinh tế trong việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ – yếu tố quan trọng để đạt Band 7+.

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19, During, While và For xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:

• Speaking: Part 2 (mô tả sự kiện, trải nghiệm trong quá khứ) và Part 3 (thảo luận về xu hướng theo thời gian)
• Writing Task 2: Các dạng bài Discussion, Opinion và Problem-Solution khi nói về thời gian diễn ra của sự việc
• Writing Task 1: Mô tả biểu đồ theo thời gian, báo cáo quá trình
• Listening & Reading: Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các đoạn văn mô tả thời gian, lịch sử sự kiện

Ví Dụ Vận Dụng Trong IELTS

Speaking Part 2 (Describe a memorable trip):

“During my visit to Japan, I had the chance to experience traditional culture. While I was staying in Kyoto, I visited several ancient temples. I stayed there for two weeks.”

→ Phân tích: During + danh từ (my visit), While + mệnh đề có động từ (I was staying), For + khoảng thời gian cụ thể (two weeks)

Writing Task 2 (Education essay):

“During the pandemic, online learning became the primary mode of education. While some students adapted quickly, others struggled with the lack of face-to-face interaction. This situation continued for more than two years.”

→ Phân tích: Ba cấu trúc được sử dụng linh hoạt để tạo sự đa dạng về ngữ pháp, thể hiện band điểm cao

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing changes in society):

“While technology has advanced rapidly, traditional skills have been gradually forgotten. During the past decade, we have witnessed significant changes in communication methods. These transformations have been occurring for several years now.”

→ Phân tích: Kết hợp cả ba cấu trúc trong một phản hồi thể hiện khả năng sử dụng ngôn ngữ đa dạng

Writing Task 1 (Process diagram):

“During the production phase, raw materials are processed into finished goods. While the first stage involves heating, the second stage requires cooling. The entire process takes for approximately six hours.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng chính xác trong context mô tả quy trình

Listening Section 3 (Academic discussion):

“While conducting the research, scientists discovered unexpected results. During the experiment, they monitored the subjects for three consecutive months.”

→ Phân tích: Cấu trúc này thường xuất hiện trong các bài nghe học thuật, cần nhận diện để hiểu đúng timeline

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:

✅ Phân biệt rõ ràng giữa During, While và For

✅ Công thức chi tiết và cách sử dụng từng cấu trúc

✅ Vận dụng vào cả 4 kỹ năng IELTS (Speaking, Writing, Listening, Reading)

✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 với phân tích chi tiết

✅ Bảng so sánh trực quan giúp ghi nhớ dễ dàng

✅ 10+ lỗi phổ biến của học viên Việt Nam và cách sửa

✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết

During, While, For Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa Cơ Bản

DURING là giới từ (preposition) được sử dụng để chỉ khoảng thời gian mà một sự việc diễn ra. During luôn đi kèm với danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ, không bao giờ đi với mệnh đề có động từ.

Chức năng chính:

• Chỉ thời điểm xảy ra sự việc trong một khoảng thời gian cụ thể
• Nhấn mạnh “trong suốt” hoặc “vào lúc nào đó trong” khoảng thời gian đó
• Tạo mối liên hệ giữa hành động và giai đoạn thời gian

WHILE là liên từ (conjunction) dùng để nối hai mệnh đề, chỉ hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời hoặc tương phản. While luôn được theo sau bởi một mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh có chủ ngữ và động từ.

Chức năng chính:

• Chỉ hai hành động diễn ra cùng lúc
• Thể hiện sự tương phản giữa hai ý tưởng
• Nối hai mệnh đề có quan hệ thời gian với nhau

FOR là giới từ chỉ khoảng thời gian kéo dài của một hành động hoặc trạng thái. For luôn đi kèm với một con số hoặc cụm từ chỉ độ dài thời gian.

Chức năng chính:

• Chỉ độ dài/thời lượng của một hành động
• Trả lời câu hỏi “How long?” (Bao lâu?)
• Nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian cụ thể mà sự việc kéo dài

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

Speaking:

• Part 1: “During my free time, I enjoy reading” / “I have lived here for 5 years”
• Part 2: “While I was traveling, I met many interesting people” / “During the summer holiday…”
• Part 3: “For the past decade, technology has transformed education”

Writing:

• Task 1: “During the period from 2000 to 2010…” / “The figure increased for three consecutive years”
• Task 2: “While some argue that…, others believe…” / “During economic recessions…”

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Xuất hiện 60-70% – Câu hỏi về thói quen, thời gian sống, học tập

  • “How long have you lived in your city?” → “I’ve lived here for 10 years”
  • “What do you do during your free time?”

• Part 2: Xuất hiện 80-90% – Mô tả sự kiện, trải nghiệm trong quá khứ

  • “While I was studying abroad, I experienced culture shock”
  • “During my university years, I joined many clubs”
  • “I traveled for three months”

• Part 3: Xuất hiện 70-80% – Thảo luận xu hướng, so sánh quá khứ và hiện tại

  • “During the last decade, technology has revolutionized education”
  • “While some people prefer traditional methods, others embrace innovation”

Writing:

• Task 1: Xuất hiện 85-95% – Đặc biệt trong Line graphs, Bar charts có yếu tố thời gian

  • “During the period between 2000 and 2020…”
  • “The figure remained stable for five years”
  • Process diagrams: “While stage A occurs, stage B begins”

• Task 2: Xuất hiện 60-75% – Tùy loại đề

  • Opinion/Discussion essays: “While technology brings benefits, it also creates challenges”
  • Problem-Solution: “During recent years, environmental issues have intensified”
  • Advantage-Disadvantage: “Benefits may only be visible for a short period”

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong contexts mô tả timeline, sự kiện lịch sử, quy trình
• Cần nhận diện để hiểu chính xác mối quan hệ thời gian giữa các sự kiện
• Thường xuất hiện trong paraphrasing (câu gốc dùng “while” có thể được paraphrase bằng “during”)

Band Score Impact:

Band 6: Có thể sử dụng During, While, For nhưng thường nhầm lẫn, đặc biệt giữa During và While. Sử dụng đơn giản và lặp lại.

Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác trong hầu hết các ngữ cảnh, hiểu rõ sự khác biệt cơ bản. Có thể mắc lỗi nhỏ với các cấu trúc phức tạp.

Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt, tự nhiên và hoàn toàn chính xác. Biết kết hợp với các cấu trúc khác để tạo câu phức. Không mắc lỗi ngữ pháp liên quan đến ba cấu trúc này.

Sơ đồ phân biệt cách dùng During While For trong IELTS Grammar với ví dụ minh họa chi tiết

Công Thức Chi Tiết: DURING

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC DURING:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + DURING + Noun/Noun Phrase          │
│                                                     │
│ Ví dụ: I visited Paris during my summer vacation.  │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• DURING: Giới từ (preposition) – không thay đổi hình thái
• Noun/Noun Phrase: Danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ chỉ khoảng thời gian (the meeting, my childhood, the 1990s, the pandemic, the winter months)
• KHÔNG BAO GIỜ theo sau bởi mệnh đề có động từ

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu 1: “She fell asleep during the lecture.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: She (chủ ngữ)
• Verb: fell asleep (động từ chính – quá khứ đơn)
• DURING: giới từ
• Noun phrase: the lecture (cụm danh từ – khoảng thời gian)
• Ý nghĩa: Cô ấy ngủ thiếp đi vào một thời điểm nào đó trong suốt bài giảng

Câu 2: “Many businesses closed during the economic crisis.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: Many businesses
• Verb: closed
• DURING: giới từ
• Noun phrase: the economic crisis
• Ý nghĩa: Nhiều doanh nghiệp đóng cửa trong khoảng thời gian của cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế

Các Dạng Sử Dụng

Dạng 1: During + Sự kiện/Hoạt động cụ thể

“During the meeting, several important decisions were made.”
→ Trong suốt cuộc họp

“I received three phone calls during dinner.”
→ Trong lúc ăn tối

Dạng 2: During + Giai đoạn thời gian

“During the 1990s, the internet became widely accessible.”
→ Trong suốt những năm 1990

“During my childhood, I lived in the countryside.”
→ Trong suốt thời thơ ấu

Dạng 3: During + Kỳ nghỉ/Mùa

“What did you do during the summer holidays?”
→ Trong kỳ nghỉ hè

“During winter, many birds migrate south.”
→ Trong mùa đông

Dạng 4: During + Sự kiện lịch sử/Thời kỳ

“During World War II, many cities were destroyed.”
→ Trong Chiến tranh Thế giới thứ II

“During the Industrial Revolution, society transformed dramatically.”
→ Trong cuộc Cách mạng Công nghiệp

Danh Từ Thường Đi Với During

Loại danh từ	Ví dụ	Câu mẫu IELTS Band 7+
Sự kiện	the conference, the ceremony, the festival	“During the conference, delegates discussed climate change solutions.”
Giai đoạn cuộc đời	childhood, adolescence, university years	“During adolescence, teenagers face numerous challenges.”
Thời kỳ lịch sử	the pandemic, the recession, the war	“During the pandemic, remote work became the norm.”
Kỳ nghỉ	the holidays, the vacation, the break	“During the holidays, tourism increases significantly.”
Mùa	summer, winter, the rainy season	“During summer, energy consumption peaks due to air conditioning.”
Buổi trong ngày	the day, the night, the morning	“During the day, the city center is extremely crowded.”

Công Thức Chi Tiết: WHILE

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC WHILE:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ While + Subject + Verb, Subject + Verb                   │
│ Subject + Verb + while + Subject + Verb                  │
│                                                          │
│ Ví dụ: While I was studying, my phone rang.             │
│        I listen to music while I work.                   │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• WHILE: Liên từ (conjunction) nối hai mệnh đề
• Mệnh đề 1: Subject + Verb (mệnh đề phụ)
• Mệnh đề 2: Subject + Verb (mệnh đề chính)
• Dấu phẩy: Bắt buộc khi While đứng đầu câu, không bắt buộc khi While ở giữa câu

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu 1: “While I was living in London, I learned to appreciate British culture.”

Phân tích:

• Conjunction: While (liên từ)
• Mệnh đề phụ: I was living in London (hành động kéo dài – Past Continuous)
• Mệnh đề chính: I learned to appreciate British culture (hành động chính)
• Dấu phẩy: Cần thiết vì While đứng đầu
• Ý nghĩa: Trong khoảng thời gian sống ở London, tôi học cách trân trọng văn hóa Anh

Câu 2: “Some people prefer online shopping while others still enjoy visiting physical stores.”

Phân tích:

• Mệnh đề 1: Some people prefer online shopping
• Conjunction: while (ở giữa câu – thể hiện sự tương phản)
• Mệnh đề 2: others still enjoy visiting physical stores
• Không có dấu phẩy vì while ở giữa
• Ý nghĩa: Thể hiện sự đối lập giữa hai nhóm người

Các Dạng Sử Dụng

Dạng 1: While + Past Continuous (Hai hành động đồng thời trong quá khứ)

“While I was cooking dinner, my husband was helping the children with homework.”
→ Cả hai hành động xảy ra cùng lúc trong quá khứ

“While we were traveling, we took hundreds of photos.”
→ Hành động ngắn (took photos) xảy ra trong hành động dài (traveling)

Dạng 2: While + Present Simple/Continuous (Hành động đồng thời ở hiện tại)

“I always listen to podcasts while I commute to work.”
→ Hai hành động thường xuyên xảy ra cùng lúc

“While technology is advancing rapidly, traditional skills are being forgotten.”
→ Hai xu hướng diễn ra song song

Dạng 3: While + Tương phản (Đối lập ý nghĩa)

“While some students excel in mathematics, others struggle with basic concepts.”
→ Thể hiện sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm

“While the government claims economic growth, citizens report financial hardship.”
→ Hai quan điểm trái ngược

Dạng 4: While + Present Perfect (IELTS Band 8+)

“While technology has brought numerous benefits, it has also created new social problems.”
→ Kết hợp While với Present Perfect để thể hiện kết quả đến hiện tại

Thì Động Từ Thường Đi Với While

Thì động từ	Công thức	Ví dụ IELTS
Past Continuous	While + was/were + V-ing	“While I was studying abroad, I experienced culture shock.”
Present Continuous	While + am/is/are + V-ing	“While remote work is becoming popular, office culture still dominates many industries.”
Past Simple	While + Subject + V2/Ved	“While I lived in Japan, I learned Japanese.”
Present Simple	While + Subject + V(s/es)	“While technology helps us communicate, it also creates distance.”
Present Perfect	While + have/has + V3	“While cities have grown rapidly, rural areas have declined.”

Công Thức Chi Tiết: FOR

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC FOR:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Verb + FOR + Time Period                   │
│                                                      │
│ Ví dụ: I have studied English for 10 years.         │
│        The meeting lasted for three hours.           │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• FOR: Giới từ chỉ độ dài thời gian
• Time Period: Khoảng thời gian cụ thể (a number + time unit)
  • Số đếm: 2 days, 5 years, 10 minutes, 3 months
  • Từ chỉ số lượng: a long time, several years, many decades, ages
  • KHÔNG dùng với thời điểm cụ thể (Monday, 2020, January)

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu 1: “She has worked at this company for seven years.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: She
• Verb: has worked (Present Perfect – nhấn mạnh kéo dài đến hiện tại)
• FOR: giới từ
• Time period: seven years (khoảng thời gian)
• Ý nghĩa: Cô ấy làm việc tại công ty này được 7 năm (và vẫn đang làm)
• Trả lời câu hỏi: “How long has she worked there?”

Câu 2: “The project will continue for another six months.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: The project
• Verb: will continue (Future Simple)
• FOR: giới từ
• Time period: another six months
• Ý nghĩa: Dự án sẽ tiếp tục trong thêm 6 tháng nữa

Các Dạng Sử Dụng

Dạng 1: Present Perfect + For (Rất quan trọng cho IELTS)

“I have lived in Hanoi for 15 years.”
→ Tôi sống ở Hà Nội được 15 năm (và vẫn đang sống)

“Climate change has been a concern for several decades.”
→ Biến đổi khí hậu đã là mối quan tâm trong nhiều thập kỷ

Dạng 2: Past Simple + For (Hành động đã kết thúc)

“I worked at that company for three years.”
→ Tôi đã làm ở công ty đó 3 năm (bây giờ không làm nữa)

“The meeting lasted for two hours.”
→ Cuộc họp kéo dài 2 tiếng

Dạng 3: Present Perfect Continuous + For

“Scientists have been researching this phenomenon for over a decade.”
→ Các nhà khoa học đã và đang nghiên cứu hiện tượng này hơn 10 năm

“I have been learning Spanish for six months.”
→ Tôi học tiếng Tây Ban Nha được 6 tháng

Dạng 4: Future + For

“The program will run for three years.”
→ Chương trình sẽ chạy trong 3 năm

“We are going to stay there for a week.”
→ Chúng tôi sẽ ở đó một tuần

Cụm Từ Chỉ Thời Gian Đi Với For

Loại cụm từ	Ví dụ	Câu mẫu IELTS Band 7+
Số + đơn vị thời gian	5 minutes, 3 hours, 2 days, 6 months, 10 years	“For the past decade, renewable energy has grown exponentially.”
A/An + thời gian	a moment, a while, an hour, a week	“The system was offline for a few hours yesterday.”
Cụm từ dài	a long time, a short period, several years, many centuries	“Humans have used fossil fuels for centuries.”
The + thời gian cụ thể	the whole day, the entire week, the last 5 years	“For the entire duration of the project, quality remained high.”
Từ chỉ số lượng	ages, years, decades, ages	“I haven’t seen her for ages!” (informal Speaking Part 1)

Bảng công thức chi tiết During While For trong IELTS với cấu trúc ngữ pháp và ví dụ thực tế

So Sánh Chi Tiết During vs While vs For

Bảng So Sánh Tổng Quát

Tiêu chí	DURING	WHILE	FOR
Từ loại	Giới từ (Preposition)	Liên từ (Conjunction)	Giới từ (Preposition)
Theo sau bởi	Danh từ/Cụm danh từ	Mệnh đề (Subject + Verb)	Khoảng thời gian (số + đơn vị)
Chức năng	Chỉ khi nào sự việc xảy ra	Chỉ hai hành động đồng thời hoặc tương phản	Chỉ độ dài thời gian
Trả lời câu hỏi	When? (Khi nào?)	When? / While what?	How long? (Bao lâu?)
Ví dụ	during the meeting	while I was working	for 3 hours
Thay thế bằng	in the course of, throughout	as, when (một số trường hợp)	throughout (khác nghĩa)

During vs While – Sự Khác Biệt Quan Trọng

Quy tắc vàng:

• DURING + Danh từ (the lesson, the pandemic, my childhood)
• WHILE + Mệnh đề (I was studying, she works, they have lived there)

So sánh trực tiếp:

❌ SAI: “During I was studying, my phone rang.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “While I was studying, my phone rang.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “During my study session, my phone rang.”

❌ SAI: “While the meeting, we discussed the budget.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “During the meeting, we discussed the budget.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “While we were having the meeting, we discussed the budget.”

Khi nào có thể chuyển đổi:

Nhiều câu có thể dùng cả DURING và WHILE nếu điều chỉnh cấu trúc:

“During my trip to Italy, I learned basic Italian.”
= “While I was traveling in Italy, I learned basic Italian.”

“During the pandemic, many businesses closed.”
= “While the pandemic was ongoing, many businesses closed.”

While vs For – Khi Nào Dùng Cái Nào

WHILE nhấn mạnh hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời:
“While I was living in London (action 1), I visited many museums (action 2).”

FOR nhấn mạnh độ dài thời gian:
“I lived in London for three years.”

Không thể thay thế:

❌ SAI: “I lived in London while three years.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “I lived in London for three years.”

❌ SAI: “For I was living in London, I visited museums.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “While I was living in London, I visited museums.”

Kết hợp cả hai trong một câu (Band 8+):

“While I was living abroad for two years, I experienced significant personal growth.”
→ While chỉ thời gian xảy ra sự việc, For chỉ độ dài

During vs For – Phân Biệt Quan Trọng

DURING trả lời “When?” (Khi nào? Trong lúc nào?)
FOR trả lời “How long?” (Bao lâu?)

So sánh:

“I visited Paris during summer.”
→ Tôi đi Paris vào mùa hè (chỉ thời điểm)

“I stayed in Paris for two weeks.”
→ Tôi ở Paris 2 tuần (chỉ độ dài)

Câu kết hợp cả hai:

“During my vacation, I stayed in Paris for ten days.”
→ During chỉ kỳ nghỉ (when), For chỉ 10 ngày (how long)

Lưu ý với “the whole/entire”:

“During the whole meeting” = “For the entire meeting”
→ Đặc biệt: Cả hai đều đúng khi có “whole/entire”

Bảng Tình Huống Sử Dụng

Tình huống	During	While	For
Sự kiện cụ thể	✅ during the conference	✅ while the conference was happening	❌
Khoảng thời gian số đo	❌	❌	✅ for 3 hours
Hai hành động đồng thời	❌	✅ while I was reading	❌
Giai đoạn cuộc đời	✅ during childhood	✅ while I was a child	❌
Độ dài kéo dài đến hiện tại	❌	❌	✅ for 5 years (Present Perfect)
Tương phản hai ý	❌	✅ while some agree, others disagree	❌

Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Speaking

Speaking Part 1 – Introduction & Interview

Topic: Hometown

Q: How long have you lived in your hometown?

✅ Band 7: “I have lived in Hanoi for about 20 years, actually my entire life. During my childhood, the city was much smaller and quieter than it is now.”

→ Phân tích: Kết hợp For (độ dài thời gian) và During (giai đoạn thời gian) tự nhiên

Q: What do you usually do during the weekend?

✅ Band 7: “During the weekend, I usually spend time with my family. While my parents prefer staying at home, I often go out with friends for a few hours.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng cả ba cấu trúc trong một câu trả lời ngắn

Topic: Work/Study

Q: How long have you been studying English?

✅ Band 8: “I’ve been learning English for over 10 years now. During my high school years, I focused mainly on grammar and reading. However, while I was at university, I started practicing speaking more seriously.”

→ Phân tích: Thể hiện timeline rõ ràng với các marker khác nhau

Speaking Part 2 – Long Turn

Cue card: Describe a time when you learned a new skill

Sample Band 8 Answer:

“I’d like to talk about when I learned photography during the pandemic in 2020. For about six months, I dedicated myself completely to this hobby.

During the lockdown period, I had a lot of free time and decided to learn something creative. While many people were watching Netflix, I chose to invest my time in developing a practical skill. I watched online tutorials for hours every day and practiced constantly.

While I was learning the technical aspects like aperture and shutter speed, I also developed an artistic eye. During my daily walks – which were permitted for one hour each day – I would take my camera and photograph everything interesting I encountered.

For the first few weeks, my photos were terrible. However, during the third month, I started seeing real improvement. While practicing, I joined an online community where photographers shared their work. For several months, I posted photos daily and received valuable feedback.

By the end of the six-month period, I had taken over 5,000 photos and felt confident in my abilities. During that challenging time, photography became my escape and passion. Now, even though the pandemic has ended, I still practice photography for at least a few hours every weekend.”

Phân tích Band Score:

• Sử dụng During, While, For chính xác và đa dạng (10+ lần)
• Kết hợp nhiều thì khác nhau (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Present Perfect)
• Timeline rõ ràng, logic
• Vocabulary phong phú (dedicated myself, artistic eye, valuable feedback)

Speaking Part 3 – Discussion

Q: How has technology changed education in your country?

✅ Band 8-9 Answer:

“Well, technology has transformed education dramatically, especially during the past decade. While traditional teaching methods still dominate in many schools, digital tools are becoming increasingly prevalent.

For instance, during my parents’ generation, students relied entirely on textbooks and teachers. However, while today’s students still use traditional resources, they also have access to online platforms, video tutorials, and interactive applications.

During the pandemic, we saw an acceleration of this trend. For nearly two years, schools operated online, which while challenging initially, demonstrated the potential of digital education. While some students thrived in this environment, others struggled without face-to-face interaction.

Looking ahead, I believe that for the foreseeable future, we’ll see a hybrid model. While technology will continue to advance, the human element in education will remain crucial. During my own education, I’ve experienced both methods, and I can say that each has distinct advantages.”

Phân tích:

• Sophisticated usage combining all three structures
• Natural flow without forced usage
• Complex sentences with multiple clauses
• Clear contrast and comparison using “while”

Ví dụ vận dụng During While For trong IELTS Speaking với phân tích điểm Band

Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Writing

Writing Task 1 – Line Graph

Sample Question: The graph shows the number of international students in Australia from 2000 to 2020.

Sample Band 8 Answer:

“The line graph illustrates the changes in the international student population in Australia over a twenty-year period from 2000 to 2020.

Overall, the number of international students increased significantly during this period, while there were some fluctuations in certain years. The figure rose steadily for the first decade before experiencing more volatile changes.

In 2000, approximately 200,000 international students were enrolled. During the first five years, the number grew gradually, reaching 300,000 by 2005. For the next five years, growth accelerated, with the figure climbing to 500,000 by 2010.

While the trend remained generally upward, during the period between 2010 and 2015, the rate of increase slowed. The figure plateaued for approximately two years before resuming growth. During 2018 and 2019, numbers peaked at around 700,000.

However, while enrollment had been rising steadily, 2020 saw a sharp decline due to the pandemic. During this year, the number dropped by 150,000, falling to 550,000. For the first time in two decades, the trend reversed dramatically.”

Phân tích:

• During dùng cho các periods (during this period, during the first five years)
• While dùng để so sánh và tương phản trends
• For dùng cho duration (for the next five years, for approximately two years)
• Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Band 8+

Writing Task 1 – Process Diagram

Sample Question: The diagram shows how coffee is produced from coffee beans.

Sample Band 7 Answer:

“The diagram illustrates the coffee production process from harvesting beans to the final packaged product.

During the initial stage, coffee cherries are hand-picked from coffee plants. While this harvesting occurs, workers select only ripe red cherries. These cherries are then dried for several weeks, either in the sun or using mechanical dryers.

While the cherries are drying, they are turned regularly to ensure even moisture removal. During this drying period, the moisture content reduces from approximately 60% to 12%. The process typically continues for 2-4 weeks depending on weather conditions.

Once dried, the outer layers are removed during the hulling stage. While this happens, the green coffee beans are separated and graded by size and quality. For the next stage, beans are roasted at high temperatures for 10-15 minutes. During roasting, the beans change color from green to brown.

Finally, while the beans are still fresh, they are packaged and sealed. The entire process, from harvest to packaging, takes approximately for one to two months. During this time, quality control checks occur at multiple stages to ensure consistency.”

Phân tích:

• Sequence markers kết hợp với During, While, For
• Passive voice với các cấu trúc thời gian
• Technical vocabulary + accurate time expressions

Writing Task 2 – Opinion Essay

Question: Some people believe that children should be allowed to use smartphones during school hours. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample Band 8-9 Answer:

“The question of whether smartphones should be permitted during school hours has become increasingly contentious. While technology advocates argue that these devices facilitate learning, I largely disagree with allowing unrestricted smartphone use in educational settings.

Admittedly, smartphones can serve educational purposes during lessons. While students are working on projects, they can quickly access information, use educational applications, and collaborate with peers. For example, during science classes, students can use smartphone cameras to document experiments or access scientific databases. For subjects like language learning, applications provide interactive practice that traditional textbooks cannot match.

However, the disadvantages of smartphone use during school hours outweigh these benefits. While devices may occasionally support learning, research shows that students check their phones for non-educational purposes more than 100 times daily. During lectures, notifications constantly interrupt concentration, fragmenting students’ attention spans. Studies indicate that students who use smartphones during class perform significantly worse on assessments. For instance, a 2019 study found that students who avoided phones during lessons scored 15% higher than those with unrestricted access.

Moreover, while children are developing crucial social skills, smartphone use interferes with face-to-face interactions. During break times, students increasingly focus on screens rather than engaging with classmates. For years, educators have observed declining social competence among children who spend excessive time on devices. While digital communication has value, it cannot replace the interpersonal skills developed through direct interaction.

In conclusion, while smartphones offer some educational benefits, I believe they should be restricted during school hours. For the sake of academic performance and social development, schools should implement clear policies limiting smartphone access to specific, supervised educational contexts.”

Phân tích Band 9 Features:

• Wide range of structures (During + noun, While + contrast, For + purpose)
• Natural integration without forced usage
• Complex sentences with multiple clauses
• Coherent argument development with clear time/contrast markers
• Academic vocabulary + grammatical precision

Writing Task 2 – Discussion Essay

Question: Some people believe remote work is beneficial, while others think office work is superior. Discuss both views.

Sample Band 8 Answer:

“The debate between remote and office work has intensified during recent years, particularly since the pandemic. While proponents of each approach present valid arguments, both working models offer distinct advantages.

Supporters of remote work emphasize flexibility and autonomy. While working from home, employees can design schedules around personal productivity patterns. For many professionals, this flexibility has improved work-life balance significantly. During the pandemic, companies that adopted remote work for extended periods reported sustained or increased productivity. Additionally, while commuting previously consumed hours daily, remote workers now utilize this time more productively.

Conversely, advocates for office work highlight collaboration and company culture. While remote communication tools exist, they cannot fully replicate spontaneous discussions that occur in physical offices. During in-person meetings, team members can read body language and build stronger relationships. For creative industries particularly, the collaborative energy of shared workspaces proves invaluable. During my own experience working in both environments for several years, I observed that complex problem-solving occurred more efficiently face-to-face.

While both approaches have merit, I believe hybrid models represent the optimal solution. For tasks requiring deep concentration, remote work proves ideal. However, during collaborative projects or strategic planning sessions, office attendance facilitates better outcomes. Companies should allow flexibility while maintaining regular in-person interaction.

In conclusion, rather than viewing these as opposing options, organizations should recognize that different tasks suit different environments. For the foreseeable future, successful companies will likely adopt flexible policies accommodating both preferences.”

Phân tích:

• Balanced use of While for contrasting views
• During for time periods and situations
• For for duration and purpose
• Natural flow maintaining coherence
• Band 8 vocabulary and structure variety

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Dùng During + Mệnh Đề

❌ SAI:
“During I was studying abroad, I learned many things.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“While I was studying abroad, I learned many things.”
HOẶC
“During my time studying abroad, I learned many things.”

Giải thích:
During là giới từ, chỉ có thể theo sau bởi danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ. Khi muốn nối hai mệnh đề có động từ, phải dùng While (liên từ).

Cách nhận biết:

• Nhìn thấy “During” → Kiểm tra xem sau nó có động từ không
• Nếu có chủ ngữ + động từ → SAI → Đổi thành While
• Nếu chỉ có danh từ → ĐÚNG

Lưu ý:
Đây là lỗi phổ biến nhất của học viên Việt Nam vì trong tiếng Việt, “trong lúc/trong khi” có thể dùng cho cả hai trường hợp.

Lỗi 2: Dùng While + Danh Từ (không có động từ)

❌ SAI:
“While the meeting, we discussed the new project.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“During the meeting, we discussed the new project.”
HOẶC
“While we were having the meeting, we discussed the new project.”

Giải thích:
While là liên từ, phải nối hai mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh (có chủ ngữ + động từ). Nếu chỉ có danh từ đơn thuần, phải dùng During.

Cách kiểm tra nhanh:

While + ??? → Hỏi: "Có động từ không?"
                ├─ CÓ → ĐÚNG (while I was working)
                └─ KHÔNG → SAI (while the meeting) → Dùng During

Thêm ví dụ:

• ❌ “While my vacation…” → ✅ “During my vacation…”
• ❌ “While the pandemic…” → ✅ “During the pandemic…” (hoặc “While the pandemic was ongoing…”)

Lỗi 3: Nhầm Lẫn For Và Since

❌ SAI:
“I have lived here since 5 years.”
“I have lived here for 2019.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I have lived here for 5 years.” (khoảng thời gian)
“I have lived here since 2019.” (mốc thời gian)

Giải thích:

• FOR + duration (khoảng thời gian): for 3 hours, for 2 months, for 10 years, for a long time
• SINCE + point in time (mốc thời gian): since Monday, since 2020, since January, since I was a child

Quy tắc vàng:

Trả lời "How long?" (Bao lâu?)
├─ FOR + [số đếm] + [đơn vị thời gian]
└─ SINCE + [thời điểm cụ thể/mệnh đề quá khứ]

Bảng phân biệt:

FOR	SINCE
for 2 weeks	since last week
for 5 years	since 2019
for a long time	since childhood
for several months	since January
for ages	since I met you

Lỗi 4: Dùng For + Danh Từ Sự Kiện

❌ SAI:
“I visited many museums for my vacation.”
“She learned a lot for the training program.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I visited many museums during my vacation.”
“She learned a lot during the training program.”

Giải thích:
For dùng cho độ dài thời gian (how long), không dùng cho sự kiện hoặc giai đoạn. Khi nói về một sự kiện/hoạt động cụ thể, dùng During.

So sánh:

• “I stayed in Paris for one week.” → Đúng (one week = duration)
• “I stayed in Paris during my vacation.” → Đúng (vacation = event)
• ❌ “I stayed in Paris for my vacation.” → Sai

Cách phân biệt:

• Hỏi “How long?” → FOR (for 3 days, for 2 hours)
• Hỏi “When?” → DURING (during the conference, during summer)

Lỗi 5: Vị Trí Dấu Phẩy Với While

❌ SAI:
“While I was studying my phone rang.”
“Some students prefer online learning while, others prefer traditional classes.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“While I was studying, my phone rang.” (dấu phẩy sau mệnh đề While)
“Some students prefer online learning, while others prefer traditional classes.” (dấu phẩy trước while)

Giải thích:

Quy tắc dấu phẩy:

1. While ở đầu câu: Bắt buộc có dấu phẩy sau mệnh đề While

   • “While I was cooking, the doorbell rang.”

2. While ở giữa câu (chỉ thời gian đồng thời): Thường không cần dấu phẩy

   • “I listened to music while I worked.”

3. While ở giữa câu (chỉ sự tương phản): Cần dấu phẩy trước While

   • “Some people love summer, while others prefer winter.”

Mẹo:

• While = “trong khi” (đồng thời) → không cần dấu phẩy
• While = “trong khi đó/ngược lại” (tương phản) → cần dấu phẩy

Lỗi 6: Dùng During Với Động Từ Kéo Dài

❌ SAI:
“I was sleeping during 8 hours.”
“The meeting continued during 3 hours.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I slept for 8 hours.”
“The meeting continued for 3 hours.”

Giải thích:
Khi nói về độ dài thời gian của một hành động, luôn dùng For, không dùng During. During chỉ dùng khi nói về thời điểm/sự kiện.

So sánh:

• “The meeting lasted for 3 hours.” → Cuộc họp kéo dài 3 tiếng (độ dài)
• “During the meeting, we discussed many topics.” → Trong buổi họp, chúng tôi thảo luận nhiều chủ đề (thời điểm)

Lỗi 7: Thì Động Từ Không Phù Hợp Với For

❌ SAI:
“I live here for 5 years.” (Present Simple với for)
“I am living here for 5 years.” (Present Continuous với for – thời gian dài)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I have lived here for 5 years.” (Present Perfect)
“I lived there for 5 years.” (Past Simple – đã kết thúc)

Giải thích:
Khi dùng For với khoảng thời gian kéo dài đến hiện tại, phải dùng Present Perfect (have/has + V3), không dùng Present Simple hay Present Continuous.

Quy tắc:

• Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, tiếp tục đến hiện tại → Present Perfect + for
• Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ → Past Simple + for

Lỗi 8: Nhầm While Và When

❌ SAI (trong một số ngữ cảnh):
“While I arrived home, it started raining.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“When I arrived home, it started raining.”
HOẶC
“While I was walking home, it started raining.”

Giải thích:

• While dùng với hành động kéo dài (continuous): while I was doing
• When dùng với hành động ngắn, đột ngột: when I arrived, when it happened

So sánh:

• “While I was reading, the phone rang.” → Đúng (reading = kéo dài)
• “When the phone rang, I was reading.” → Đúng (rang = đột ngột)
• ❌ “While the phone rang…” → Thường sai (rang = hành động ngắn)

Lỗi 9: Dùng During Với Động Từ Thay Vì Danh Từ Hóa

❌ SAI:
“During study abroad, I learned a lot.”
“During travel to Europe, we visited many cities.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“During my time studying abroad, I learned a lot.”
“During our trip to Europe, we visited many cities.”

Giải thích:
Sau During phải là danh từ hoàn chỉnh, không phải động từ nguyên mẫu. Nếu muốn giữ ý nghĩa động từ, cần danh từ hóa (gerund/noun phrase).

Cách sửa:

• study → my studies / my time studying / the study period
• travel → my trip / my travels / the journey
• work → my work / my job / the working period

Lỗi 10: Sử Dụng Thừa Cả During Và For

❌ SAI:
“During for two weeks, I stayed in Bangkok.”
“I worked there during for 5 years.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“For two weeks, I stayed in Bangkok.”
HOẶC
“During those two weeks, I stayed in Bangkok.”

Giải thích:
During và For có vai trò khác nhau, không dùng cùng lúc. Chọn một trong hai tùy theo ngữ cảnh.

Quy tắc chọn:

• Có con số thời gian (2 weeks, 5 years) → FOR
• Có tên sự kiện/giai đoạn (the conference, summer) → DURING
• Nếu cả hai đều có thể → Chọn theo ý muốn nhấn mạnh gì

Infographic lỗi thường gặp During While For của học viên IELTS Việt Nam với cách sửa chi tiết

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Chọn During, While Hoặc For

Hoàn thành câu với từ đúng:

1. I lived in London ___ three years.
2. ___ the conference, several speakers presented their research.
3. ___ I was cooking dinner, my husband was helping the children.
4. She has been learning French ___ six months.
5. ___ the pandemic, many people worked from home.
6. I always listen to music ___ I exercise.
7. The meeting lasted ___ two hours.
8. ___ my childhood, I spent every summer at my grandparents’ house.
9. ___ some students prefer online learning, others find it challenging.
10. The project will continue ___ the next fiscal year.
11. We traveled through Europe ___ one month.
12. ___ the flight, passengers are not allowed to use electronic devices during takeoff.
13. ___ she was studying abroad, she experienced culture shock.
14. The company has been operating ___ over 50 years.
15. ___ the Industrial Revolution, society underwent massive changes.

Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi Sai

Tìm lỗi trong các câu sau và sửa lại:

1. During I was living in Japan, I learned to speak Japanese fluently. [❌]

2. She has worked at this company since 10 years. [❌]

3. While the meeting, we discussed the marketing strategy. [❌]

4. I studied English during 2 hours every day. [❌]

5. For the pandemic, many businesses closed permanently. [❌]

6. While some people enjoy cold weather while others prefer hot climates. [❌]

7. He has been waiting for the bus since 30 minutes. [❌]

8. During I was a child, I lived in the countryside. [❌]

9. The course will run during six months. [❌]

10. While the 1990s, the internet became widely available. [❌]

11. She worked at that company during five years. [❌]

12. I am living here for 3 years now. [❌]

13. During technology has advanced, some traditional skills have been lost. [❌]

14. The presentation continued during 45 minutes. [❌]

15. While my vacation to Italy, I visited Rome and Florence. [❌]

Bài Tập 3: Viết Lại Câu

Viết lại câu sử dụng từ cho sẵn mà không thay đổi nghĩa:

1. When I was studying at university, I met my best friend. (WHILE)
   → ___

2. The meeting took place from 9 AM to 11 AM. (FOR)
   → ___

3. In the summer months, tourism increases significantly. (DURING)
   → ___

4. I started learning piano 5 years ago and I still learn it now. (FOR)
   → ___

5. As the teacher was explaining the lesson, some students were taking notes. (WHILE)
   → ___

6. In my time living abroad, I learned a lot about different cultures. (DURING)
   → ___

7. Some people think technology is beneficial, but others think it’s harmful. (WHILE)
   → ___

8. The company operated from 1990 to 2020. (FOR)
   → ___

Bài Tập 4: Hoàn Thành Đoạn Văn

Điền During, While hoặc For vào chỗ trống:

“I would like to talk about my experience studying abroad (1) my university years. I lived in Australia (2) two years, from 2018 to 2020.

(3) the first few months, I experienced severe homesickness. (4) my classmates were enjoying their new freedom, I was struggling to adapt. ___ (5) this difficult period, I called my parents almost every day.

However, (6) the second semester, things improved significantly. (7) I was attending classes, I started making friends with international students. We formed a study group that met ___ (8) three hours every weekend.

(9) my time there, I traveled extensively around Australia. (10) the university holidays, I visited Sydney, Melbourne, and the Great Barrier Reef. These trips usually lasted ___ (11) one or two weeks.

(12) some aspects of living abroad were challenging, the experience was incredibly valuable. (13) those two years, I not only improved my English but also developed independence and cultural awareness. Now, ___ (14) several years after returning home, I still consider that period the most formative of my life.”

Bài Tập 5: IELTS Writing Task 2 Practice

Viết một đoạn văn (100-120 từ) về chủ đề sau, sử dụng During, While, For ít nhất 5 lần:

Topic: “The impact of technology on education”

Yêu cầu:

• Sử dụng During ít nhất 1 lần
• Sử dụng While ít nhất 2 lần (một lần chỉ thời gian đồng thời, một lần chỉ tương phản)
• Sử dụng For ít nhất 1 lần
• Đảm bảo ngữ pháp chính xác
• Sử dụng vocabulary Band 7+

Bài Tập 6: Speaking Practice

Trả lời các câu hỏi sau, sử dụng During, While hoặc For một cách tự nhiên:

Part 1 Questions:

1. How long have you been learning English?
2. What do you usually do during your free time?
3. Do you prefer studying while listening to music, or in silence?

Part 2 Cue Card:

Describe a memorable trip you have taken.
You should say:

• Where you went
• How long you stayed there (use FOR)
• What you did during the trip (use DURING)
• What happened while you were there (use WHILE)
• And explain why it was memorable

Part 3 Questions:

1. How has tourism changed during the past decade?
2. While some people prefer traveling alone, others prefer group tours. What is your opinion?
3. For how long do you think the tourism industry will continue to grow?

Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1

1. for three years (độ dài thời gian)
2. During the conference (sự kiện cụ thể)
3. While I was cooking (mệnh đề có động từ)
4. for six months (khoảng thời gian)
5. During the pandemic (giai đoạn thời gian)
6. while I exercise (hai hành động đồng thời)
7. for two hours (độ dài)
8. During my childhood (giai đoạn cuộc đời)
9. While some students (tương phản hai nhóm)
10. during the next fiscal year (khoảng thời gian cụ thể có tên)
11. for one month (độ dài thời gian)
12. During the flight (sự kiện)
13. While she was studying (mệnh đề)
14. for over 50 years (độ dài kéo dài)
15. During the Industrial Revolution (thời kỳ lịch sử)

Giải thích chi tiết:

• Câu 1, 4, 7, 11, 14: Có số đếm + đơn vị thời gian → FOR
• Câu 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15: Có tên sự kiện/giai đoạn cụ thể → DURING
• Câu 3, 6, 9, 13: Có chủ ngữ + động từ sau liên từ → WHILE

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2

1. ❌ “During I was living” → ✅ “While I was living” hoặc “During my time living”

   • Lý do: During không đi với mệnh đề có động từ

2. ❌ “since 10 years” → ✅ “for 10 years”

   • Lý do: Since + mốc thời gian, For + khoảng thời gian

3. ❌ “While the meeting” → ✅ “During the meeting”

   • Lý do: While cần mệnh đề có động từ, không chỉ danh từ

4. ❌ “during 2 hours” → ✅ “for 2 hours”

   • Lý do: Duration (độ dài) dùng For, không dùng During

5. ❌ “For the pandemic” → ✅ “During the pandemic”

   • Lý do: Pandemic là sự kiện, không phải duration

6. ❌ “While some people… while others” → ✅ “While some people…, others”

   • Lý do: Không lặp “while” hai lần; cần dấu phẩy

7. ❌ “since 30 minutes” → ✅ “for 30 minutes”

   • Lý do: 30 minutes là khoảng thời gian, không phải mốc

8. ❌ “During I was a child” → ✅ “When I was a child” hoặc “During my childhood”

   • Lý do: During + noun, không + clause

9. ❌ “during six months” → ✅ “for six months”

   • Lý do: Duration của course dùng For

10. ❌ “While the 1990s” → ✅ “During the 1990s”

    • Lý do: 1990s là khoảng thời gian (noun), không phải clause

11. ❌ “during five years” → ✅ “for five years”

    • Lý do: Số năm làm việc là duration

12. ❌ “I am living” → ✅ “I have been living“

    • Lý do: For + time period cần Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous

13. ❌ “During technology has advanced” → ✅ “While technology has advanced”

    • Lý do: Sau nó là mệnh đề có động từ → dùng While

14. ❌ “during 45 minutes” → ✅ “for 45 minutes”

    • Lý do: Duration của presentation

15. ❌ “While my vacation” → ✅ “During my vacation”

    • Lý do: Vacation là noun, cần During

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3

1. “While I was studying at university, I met my best friend.”

2. “The meeting lasted for two hours.” hoặc “The meeting ran for two hours (from 9 AM to 11 AM).”

3. “During the summer months, tourism increases significantly.”

4. “I have been learning piano for 5 years.” hoặc “I have learned piano for 5 years.”

5. “While the teacher was explaining the lesson, some students were taking notes.”

6. “During my time living abroad, I learned a lot about different cultures.”

7. “While some people think technology is beneficial, others think it’s harmful.”

8. “The company operated for 30 years (from 1990 to 2020).”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4

1. during
2. for
3. During
4. while
5. During
6. during
7. While
8. for
9. During
10. during
11. for
12. While
13. during
14. for

Đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh:

“I would like to talk about my experience studying abroad during my university years. I lived in Australia for two years, from 2018 to 2020.

During the first few months, I experienced severe homesickness. While my classmates were enjoying their new freedom, I was struggling to adapt. During this difficult period, I called my parents almost every day.

However, during the second semester, things improved significantly. While I was attending classes, I started making friends with international students. We formed a study group that met for three hours every weekend.

During my time there, I traveled extensively around Australia. During the university holidays, I visited Sydney, Melbourne, and the Great Barrier Reef. These trips usually lasted for one or two weeks.

While some aspects of living abroad were challenging, the experience was incredibly valuable. During those two years, I not only improved my English but also developed independence and cultural awareness. Now, for several years after returning home, I still consider that period the most formative of my life.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 5 – Sample Answer

Sample Band 8 Response:

“Technology has fundamentally transformed education during the past two decades. For many years, traditional teaching methods dominated classrooms, but digital tools have now become indispensable.

While older generations relied entirely on textbooks and lectures, today’s students access vast knowledge repositories online. During lessons, teachers incorporate multimedia presentations, interactive applications, and virtual simulations. This technological integration has proven particularly valuable during the recent pandemic, when schools operated remotely for extended periods.

However, while technology offers unprecedented access to information, it cannot entirely replace human instruction. During online classes, many students struggle with motivation and lack the personal connection that physical classrooms provide. For subjects requiring hands-on practice or collaborative learning, digital platforms remain inadequate.

Therefore, while embracing technological advances, educational institutions must maintain a balanced approach that combines digital innovation with traditional pedagogical methods. For the foreseeable future, the most effective education will integrate both approaches thoughtfully.” (152 words)

Analysis:

• During: 4 times (naturally integrated)
• While: 4 times (showing both simultaneous actions and contrasts)
• For: 4 times (showing duration)
• Band 8+ features: complex sentences, academic vocabulary, clear argument structure

Đáp Án Bài Tập 6 – Sample Speaking Answers

Part 1 Answers:

Q1: How long have you been learning English?

“I’ve been learning English for over 12 years now, actually since primary school. During my early years, I focused mainly on grammar and vocabulary, but during high school, I started practicing speaking more seriously. While I was at university, I took IELTS preparation courses, and that’s when my English really improved.”

Q2: What do you usually do during your free time?

“During my free time, I enjoy reading and watching movies. While I’m reading, I prefer quiet environments like libraries or cafes. I also exercise for about an hour every day. While some people prefer going to gyms, I like jogging outdoors, especially during the early morning.”

Q3: Do you prefer studying while listening to music, or in silence?

“It depends on the task, actually. While I’m doing simple work like organizing notes or reviewing vocabulary, I listen to instrumental music. However, during intensive study sessions, especially while I’m working on complex problems, I need complete silence. I’ve noticed that for the past few years, I’ve become more sensitive to noise while studying.”

Part 2 Sample (First 60 seconds):

“I’d like to talk about a trip I took to Japan two years ago. I stayed there for two weeks during the spring season, specifically in April.

During my time in Japan, I visited several cities including Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka. While I was in Kyoto, I had the opportunity to see beautiful cherry blossoms in full bloom. During this period, many parks and temples were filled with both tourists and locals enjoying hanami, which is the traditional practice of viewing flowers.

While traveling, I stayed in various accommodations. For the first week, I stayed in a traditional ryokan, and while I was there, I experienced authentic Japanese hospitality. During the second week, I moved to a modern hotel in Tokyo…”

Part 3 Sample Answer:

Q: How has tourism changed during the past decade?

“Tourism has undergone dramatic changes during the last decade, primarily due to technology. For instance, while travelers previously relied on guidebooks and travel agencies, they now use smartphones and apps for planning. During recent years, we’ve also seen the rise of sustainable tourism. While some tourists prioritize cheap travel, others are willing to pay more for eco-friendly options. During the pandemic, the industry faced unprecedented challenges, and for nearly two years, international travel virtually stopped. However, while recovery has been slow, during 2023 and 2024, we’ve witnessed tourism rebounding strongly.”

Tổng Kết & Luyện Tập

Bảng Tóm Tắt Nhanh

Cấu trúc	Từ loại	Theo sau bởi	Chức năng	Ví dụ ngắn
DURING	Preposition	Noun/Noun phrase	When? (Khi nào?)	during the meeting
WHILE	Conjunction	Subject + Verb	When?/Contrast (Đồng thời/Tương phản)	while I was working
FOR	Preposition	Time duration	How long? (Bao lâu?)	for 3 hours

Checklist Tự Kiểm Tra

Trước khi sử dụng, hãy tự hỏi:

Với DURING:

• [ ] Có phải đang nói về một sự kiện/giai đoạn cụ thể?
• [ ] Sau “during” có phải là danh từ (không có động từ)?
• [ ] Đang trả lời câu hỏi “When?” (không phải “How long?”)?

Với WHILE:

• [ ] Có hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời hoặc hai ý tưởng tương phản?
• [ ] Sau “while” có chủ ngữ + động từ?
• [ ] Đã đặt dấu phẩy đúng vị trí?

Với FOR:

• [ ] Đang nói về độ dài/thời lượng?
• [ ] Sau “for” là con số + đơn vị thời gian?
• [ ] Đang trả lời câu hỏi “How long?”?
• [ ] Thì động từ phù hợp với “for”? (Present Perfect nếu kéo dài đến hiện tại)

Đề Luyện Tập Thêm

Speaking Topics (Sử dụng During, While, For):

1. Describe a period in your life when you learned something important

   • Yêu cầu: Dùng “during” ít nhất 2 lần, “while” 2 lần, “for” 1 lần

2. Talk about changes in your hometown

   • Yêu cầu: So sánh quá khứ và hiện tại, sử dụng cả ba cấu trúc

3. Describe a skill that took you a long time to learn

   • Yêu cầu: Nhấn mạnh timeline với “for” và “during”

Writing Task 2 Topics:

1. Education: “Some people believe students learn better in traditional classrooms, while others think online learning is more effective. Discuss both views.”

   • Sử dụng “while” cho contrast, “during” cho time periods, “for” cho duration

2. Technology: “The rapid development of technology during recent decades has changed how people communicate. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”

   • Focus: during recent decades, for several years, while technology has advanced

3. Environment: “Environmental problems have persisted for many years. What are the causes and solutions?”

   • Practice: for + duration, during + periods, while + contrasting ideas

Writing Task 1 Topics (Data với timeline):

1. Line graph showing employment rates from 1990-2020

   • Practice: “during the period”, “for X years”, “while A increased, B decreased”

2. Process diagram showing coffee production

   • Practice: “during stage X”, “for approximately X hours”, “while X occurs”

Tips Để Đạt Band 8+ Với During, While, For

1. Tạo câu phức kết hợp nhiều cấu trúc:

✅ Band 8: “While technology has advanced rapidly during recent decades, traditional skills have been preserved for future generations.”

✅ Band 9: “During the period between 1990 and 2020, while urban populations increased significantly, rural communities declined, a trend that has continued for over three decades.”

2. Sử dụng với các cấu trúc nâng cao:

• During + Relative Clause: “During the conference, which lasted for three days, experts discussed climate solutions.”

• While + Present Perfect: “While technology has revolutionized communication, it has also created new challenges.”

• For + Present Perfect Continuous: “Scientists have been researching this phenomenon for over a decade while public awareness has gradually increased.”

3. Paraphrasing linh hoạt:

Thay vì lặp lại cùng một cấu trúc:

• During the pandemic → Throughout the health crisis / In the course of the outbreak
• While studying → As I was learning / During my studies (chuyển đổi while → during)
• For 5 years → Over a five-year period / Throughout half a decade

4. Kết hợp với Linking Words:

• “During recent years, moreover, while traditional industries have declined…”
• “For the past decade, however, during economic downturns, employment has remained stable…”

Tài Nguyên Luyện Tập Thêm

Cambridge IELTS Books – Phân tích các câu có During/While/For:

• Cambridge IELTS 14-19: Tìm và gạch chân tất cả các câu sử dụng ba cấu trúc này
• Phân tích tại sao người viết chọn cấu trúc đó
• Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc khác nếu có thể

Self-Study Plan:

Week 1: Master “During”

• Ngày 1-2: Học công thức, làm 20 câu bài tập
• Ngày 3-4: Viết 5 câu Speaking Part 2, 5 câu Writing Task 2
• Ngày 5-7: Practice tích hợp vào Speaking answers

Week 2: Master “While”

• Ngày 1-2: Phân biệt while (đồng thời) vs while (tương phản)
• Ngày 3-4: Luyện viết câu phức với while
• Ngày 5-7: Kết hợp while với các thì khác nhau

Week 3: Master “For”

• Ngày 1-2: Phân biệt For vs Since
• Ngày 3-4: Practice với Present Perfect
• Ngày 5-7: Tích hợp vào Writing Task 1 & 2

Week 4: Integration

• Kết hợp cả ba cấu trúc trong Speaking mock tests
• Viết hoàn chỉnh Writing Task 2 essays
• Tự chấm và cải thiện

Việc thành thạo During, While và For không chỉ giúp bạn tránh mất điểm về Grammar mà còn nâng cao đáng kể Coherence & Cohesion – hai tiêu chí quan trọng trong IELTS. Hãy luyện tập đều đặn mỗi ngày, tích hợp các cấu trúc này một cách tự nhiên vào việc nói và viết của bạn. Với sự kiên trì, bạn hoàn toàn có thể đạt được mục tiêu Band 7-9 trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới.

Chúc bạn học tốt và đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi IELTS!