Cách Sử Dụng Passive Voice with Modals Trong IELTS – Công Thức & Ví Dụ Band 8.0

Passive Voice With Modals là một trong những cấu trúc ngữ pháp nâng cao giúp thí sinh ghi điểm cao trong kỳ thi IELTS. Cấu trúc này kết hợp động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs) với thể bị động để diễn tả khả năng, sự cần thiết, hoặc khuyến nghị về một hành động được thực hiện bởi tác nhân không xác định hoặc không quan trọng. Đặc biệt hữu ích trong Writing Task 2 khi viết văn học thuật và Speaking Part 3 khi đưa ra quan điểm khách quan.

Theo thống kê từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, Passive Voice with Modals xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:

• Speaking: Part 2 và Part 3 (đưa ra ý kiến, đề xuất giải pháp)
• Writing Task 2: Opinion essays, Problem-Solution essays
• Writing Task 1: Academic reports và formal descriptions

Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing solutions):
“Environmental problems should be addressed by both governments and individuals.”
→ Phân tích: Modal verb “should” + be + past participle “addressed” – diễn tả sự cần thiết một cách khách quan.

Writing Task 2 (Problem-Solution essay):
“Plastic waste must be reduced through stricter regulations and public awareness campaigns.”
→ Phân tích: Modal verb “must” + be + past participle “reduced” – nhấn mạnh tính cấp thiết của hành động.

Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“Young people should be encouraged to participate in community service from an early age.”
→ Phân tích: Modal verb “should” + be + past participle “encouraged” – đưa ra khuyến nghị mang tính khách quan.

Speaking Part 3 (Giving opinion):
“More investment could be made in renewable energy to combat climate change.”
→ Phân tích: Modal verb “could” + be + past participle “made” – đề xuất khả năng thực hiện.

Writing Task 1 (Academic report):
“The data can be interpreted in several different ways.”
→ Phân tích: Modal verb “can” + be + past participle “interpreted” – mô tả khả năng trong văn học thuật.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:

✅ Định nghĩa và ý nghĩa của Passive Voice with Modals

✅ Công thức chi tiết với các modal verbs thường gặp

✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS

✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 từ đề thi thực tế

✅ Các biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+

✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam

✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết

Passive Voice with Modals Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa

Passive Voice with Modals là cấu trúc kết hợp động từ khiếm khuyết (can, could, may, might, should, must, ought to, will, would) với dạng bị động để diễn tả thái độ, khả năng, sự cần thiết hoặc dự đoán về một hành động mà không cần nhấn mạnh người thực hiện.

Chức năng chính:

• Diễn tả khả năng, sự cho phép một cách khách quan
• Đưa ra lời khuyên, đề xuất mang tính trung lập
• Thể hiện sự cần thiết, bắt buộc trong văn học thuật
• Dự đoán hoặc suy luận về sự việc trong quá khứ hoặc tương lai
• Tạo giọng điệu formal, academic trong IELTS Writing

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking: Khi đưa ra quan điểm khách quan, đề xuất giải pháp mà không muốn nêu rõ chủ thể hành động
• Writing: Trong academic writing để tạo tone formal, đặc biệt khi viết về chính sách, giải pháp, hoặc recommendations
• Contexts: Problem-Solution essays, Opinion essays, Discussion essays, Advantage-Disadvantage essays

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Thấp (10-15%) – Thường dùng active voice cho personal topics
• Part 2: Trung bình (30-40%) – Xuất hiện khi mô tả rules, regulations, hoặc general practices
• Part 3: Cao (60-75%) – Rất quan trọng khi discuss solutions, policies, societal issues

Typical questions: “What should be done to…?”, “How can this problem be solved?”, “What could governments do to…?”

Writing:

• Task 1: Trung bình (40-50%) – Dùng trong academic reports: “The results can be seen…”, “Several trends may be observed…”
• Task 2: Rất cao (70-85%) – Essential cho Problem-Solution và Opinion essays, đặc biệt trong body paragraphs và conclusion

Essay types: Problem-Solution (must be addressed, should be implemented), Opinion (can be argued that, should be considered)

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong academic contexts, lectures, formal discussions
• Cần nhận diện để hiểu recommendations, rules, regulations, và academic arguments

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Sử dụng cơ bản với “should/can + be + past participle” nhưng có lỗi về form hoặc overuse
• Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác với variety của modals, phù hợp context
• Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt, tự nhiên với full range của modals (including perfect modals), không lỗi, tích hợp mượt mà vào complex sentences

Công Thức & Cấu Trúc

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + Modal Verb + BE + Past Participle (V3)  │
│                                                    │
│ Ví dụ: The problem should be solved immediately.  │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• Subject (Chủ ngữ): Đối tượng chịu tác động của hành động – thường là vật, ý tưởng, hoặc người được nhắc đến trong context
• Modal Verb: Can, could, may, might, should, must, will, would, ought to – thể hiện thái độ về hành động
• BE: Luôn ở dạng nguyên thể “be” (không chia theo chủ ngữ)
• Past Participle (V3): Dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu: “Plastic bags should be banned in all supermarkets.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: Plastic bags (chủ ngữ – đối tượng chịu tác động)
• Modal verb: should (động từ khiếm khuyết – thể hiện khuyến nghị)
• BE: be (động từ nguyên thể)
• Past participle: banned (quá khứ phân từ của “ban”)
• Adverbial phrase: in all supermarkets (bổ ngữ chỉ nơi chốn)

Ý nghĩa: Túi nhựa nên được cấm (bởi chính quyền/cơ quan quản lý – không cần nêu rõ) ở tất cả siêu thị.

Các Biến Thể

Dạng khẳng định:

Subject + Modal + be + Past Participle

“Online classes can be accessed from anywhere in the world.”
“New laws must be introduced to protect wildlife.”
“The project may be completed by next month.”

Dạng phủ định:

Subject + Modal + not + be + Past Participle

“Personal information should not be shared on social media.”
“This problem cannot be ignored any longer.”
“Young children must not be allowed to use smartphones unsupervised.”

Dạng nghi vấn:

Modal + Subject + be + Past Participle?

“Should smoking be banned in all public places?”
“Can this issue be resolved through education?”
“Must formal qualifications be required for this position?”

Dạng Perfect Modal Passive (nâng cao):

Subject + Modal + have been + Past Participle

“The package should have been delivered yesterday.” (hành động đáng ra phải xảy ra trong quá khứ)
“The problem could have been avoided with better planning.” (khả năng trong quá khứ)
“He might have been informed about the changes.” (suy đoán về quá khứ)

Modal Verbs & Ý Nghĩa

Các modal verbs thường dùng với Passive Voice:

Modal Verb	Ý nghĩa	Ví dụ trong IELTS
can/cannot	Khả năng, sự cho phép	“Skills can be learned through practice and dedication.”
could	Khả năng, đề xuất nhẹ nhàng	“This goal could be achieved through international cooperation.”
may/may not	Khả năng, sự cho phép (formal)	“Different interpretations may be drawn from the data.”
might	Khả năng thấp, suy đoán	“New technologies might be developed to address this issue.”
should/ought to	Lời khuyên, khuyến nghị	“Children should be taught financial literacy at school.”
must	Sự cần thiết mạnh, bắt buộc	“Urgent action must be taken to combat climate change.”
will	Tương lai, dự đoán chắc chắn	“The results will be announced next week.”
would	Tình huống giả định, lịch sự	“More jobs would be created if the economy improved.”

Công thức Passive Voice with Modals trong IELTS với các động từ khiếm khuyết thường gặp

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS

Speaking

Part 1 – Introduction & Interview:

Mặc dù Part 1 tập trung vào personal topics, Passive Voice with Modals vẫn hữu ích khi nói về rules, habits, hoặc general practices.

Topic thường gặp: Hometown, Education, Technology, Environment

Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:

Q: “What should be done to reduce traffic congestion in your city?”

A: “Well, I think several measures could be implemented. First, public transportation should be improved to encourage more people to use buses and trains. Also, car-sharing programs might be introduced to reduce the number of vehicles on the road.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “could be implemented”, “should be improved”, “might be introduced” để đưa ra suggestions một cách khách quan, tránh lặp lại “I think we should…” quá nhiều.

Part 2 – Long Turn:

Cue card example:
Describe a law that you think should be introduced in your country.

Sample answer (Band 8.0):

“I’d like to talk about a law regarding food waste that should be introduced in Vietnam. Currently, enormous amounts of edible food are thrown away daily, which is both wasteful and environmentally damaging.

Under this law, restaurants and supermarkets should be required to donate surplus food to charities instead of discarding it. Tax incentives could be offered to businesses that participate in food donation programs. Additionally, educational campaigns must be launched to raise public awareness about the consequences of food waste.

The law should be enforced through regular inspections, and penalties could be imposed on establishments that repeatedly violate the regulations. However, these penalties should not be too severe initially, as businesses need time to adjust their practices.

I believe this law would be beneficial because millions of people still struggle with food insecurity, and this surplus food could be redirected to help them. Moreover, reducing food waste would help decrease the amount of methane produced in landfills, which contributes to climate change.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+ features:

• Variety of modals: should be introduced, should be required, could be offered, must be launched, could be imposed
• Natural integration vào complex sentences
• Appropriate formality cho legal/policy topic
• Logical flow với clear argumentation

Part 3 – Discussion:

Part 3 là nơi Passive Voice with Modals xuất hiện nhiều nhất và quan trọng nhất cho Band 7+.

Typical questions & Band 8.0 answers:

Q: “How can governments encourage people to protect the environment?”

A: “There are several effective strategies that could be adopted. Firstly, environmental education should be integrated into school curricula from an early age, so children develop eco-friendly habits naturally. Financial incentives might also be introduced, such as tax reductions for people who use renewable energy or electric vehicles.

Furthermore, stricter regulations must be implemented to hold corporations accountable for pollution. Heavy fines should be imposed on companies that violate environmental standards. At the same time, green businesses ought to be supported through government subsidies and preferential policies.

However, I believe that enforcement is crucial – these measures won’t be effective unless they’re properly monitored and penalties are actually applied when violations occur.”

→ Band 8+ features:

• Wide range of modals với appropriate meanings
• Complex sentences combining passive modals với other structures
• Academic vocabulary collocations: “be integrated into”, “be implemented”, “be imposed on”
• Natural discourse markers

Writing Task 1

Passive Voice with Modals xuất hiện ít hơn trong Task 1 nhưng vẫn hữu ích cho academic reports và interpretations.

Khi nào dùng:

• Khi đưa ra interpretation hoặc possible explanations về data
• Trong phần conclusion để generalize trends
• Khi describe processes hoặc how something is done

Ví dụ Academic Report:

Topic: The chart shows the process of recycling plastic bottles.

Sample sentences:

“First, used bottles must be collected from households and recycling bins. They should be sorted by colour and type before processing begins. The bottles can then be crushed into small flakes, which must be thoroughly washed to remove impurities. Finally, these clean flakes may be melted and reformed into new products.”

→ Vận dụng: Passive Voice with Modals giúp mô tả quy trình một cách khách quan, academic, và formal – phù hợp với yêu cầu Task 1.

Ví dụ trong Conclusion:

“Overall, it can be seen that renewable energy production increased significantly over the period. Several factors may be cited as reasons for this growth, including government policies and technological advances.”

→ Band 7+ feature: Sử dụng “can be seen”, “may be cited” thay vì “we can see”, “we can cite” – formal hơn và appropriate cho academic writing.

Writing Task 2

Writing Task 2 là nơi Passive Voice with Modals được sử dụng nhiều nhất và có impact lớn nhất đến band score.

Essay types sử dụng cấu trúc này:

Opinion Essay:

Topic: Some people believe that university students should be required to study a variety of subjects. Others believe they should focus only on their major. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Body paragraph (Band 8.0):

“On the one hand, a broad curriculum can be seen as beneficial for several reasons. Firstly, students should be exposed to diverse fields of knowledge to develop well-rounded perspectives. Critical thinking skills can best be developed through interdisciplinary learning, as students learn to make connections between different subjects. Moreover, career paths often change in today’s dynamic job market, so graduates must be equipped with transferable skills that can be applied across various industries. For instance, communication and analytical abilities should be cultivated regardless of one’s major, as these competencies will be required in virtually any professional context.”

→ Phân tích:

• Variety: can be seen, should be exposed, can be developed, must be equipped, can be applied, should be cultivated, will be required
• Academic tone: appropriate formality cho university-level discussion
• Natural flow: modals được integrate mượt mà vào argumentation
• Collocations: “be exposed to”, “be equipped with”, “be applied across”

Problem-Solution Essay:

Topic: Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. What are the causes and what measures should be taken to solve this problem?

Solution paragraph (Band 8.5):

“To address urban air pollution effectively, comprehensive measures must be implemented at multiple levels. At the governmental level, stricter emission standards should be enforced for both industries and vehicles. Factories ought to be required to install advanced filtration systems, and heavy penalties should be imposed on violators to ensure compliance.

Additionally, investment in public transportation must be increased dramatically. Subway systems could be expanded to cover more areas, and bus fleets should be upgraded to electric or hybrid models. To encourage usage, ticket prices might be subsidized by the government.

At the individual level, public awareness campaigns should be launched to educate citizens about the health impacts of pollution. Tree-planting initiatives could be organized in urban areas, as vegetation can be used as a natural air filter. Furthermore, car-free days might be introduced in city centers to reduce emissions and demonstrate that alternative transportation options can be adopted successfully.”

→ Band 8.5 features:

• Full range of modals với precise meanings: must (urgent necessity), should (strong recommendation), ought to (moral obligation), could (possibility), might (suggestion)
• Complex integration: modals kết hợp với to-infinitives, adverbial phrases
• Sophisticated vocabulary: “be enforced”, “be imposed on”, “be subsidized”
• Coherent development: logical progression từ government → public → individual level

Advantage-Disadvantage Essay:

Topic: Online shopping is becoming more popular. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

Sample paragraph:

“Despite these benefits, several drawbacks should be considered. Privacy concerns cannot be ignored, as personal and financial data must be shared during online transactions, and this information could potentially be stolen by hackers. Additionally, local businesses may be harmed by the dominance of large online retailers, as they cannot compete with the lower prices and convenience offered. Furthermore, the environmental impact should not be underestimated – packaging waste has increased significantly, and delivery vehicles contribute to carbon emissions. These negative effects must be addressed through better regulations and consumer awareness.”

→ Phân tích:

• Negative modals: cannot be ignored, may be harmed, should not be underestimated
• Risk & possibility expressions: could potentially be stolen
• Necessity: must be shared, must be addressed
• Academic hedging: “may be harmed” (cautious claim) vs “will be harmed” (too absolute)

Discussion Essay:

Topic: Some people think scientific research should be controlled by governments. Others believe it should be carried out by private companies. Discuss both views.

Sample paragraph:

“Those who advocate for private sector involvement argue that innovation can be accelerated when research is driven by market forces. Private companies have financial incentives to develop practical applications quickly, and breakthroughs can be commercialized more efficiently in a competitive environment. Moreover, diverse research agendas can be pursued simultaneously by different organizations, whereas government-funded research might be limited by political priorities or budget constraints. For example, pharmaceutical innovations have been achieved rapidly by private firms competing to develop new treatments, and these advances might not have been possible under a centralized government-controlled system.”

→ Band 8+ features: Perfect modal passive “might not have been possible” cho counterfactual speculation về past

Ví dụ ứng dụng Passive Voice with Modals trong IELTS Writing Task 2 các dạng bài

Sample Paragraphs Band 7-9

Band 7 Sample:

Topic: Environmental protection

“Environmental problems should be addressed through a combination of individual actions and government policies. First, people should be encouraged to reduce their carbon footprint by using public transportation and consuming less energy at home. Recycling programs must be implemented in all communities to reduce waste. At the same time, governments should introduce stricter regulations for industries that produce high levels of pollution. Renewable energy sources should be developed and promoted as alternatives to fossil fuels. Education can also be used as a tool to raise awareness among younger generations about the importance of protecting the environment.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Accuracy: Tất cả passive modals đều chính xác về form
• Range: Sử dụng should, must, can – nhưng limited variety
• Cohesion: Clear progression với linking words
• Limitations: Repetitive “should be”, thiếu variety of modals và complex structures

Band 8-9 Sample:

Topic: Technology and education

“The integration of technology into education has been widely recognized as inevitable, yet its implementation must be carefully managed to maximize benefits while minimizing potential drawbacks. Rather than simply replacing traditional methods, technology should be strategically employed to enhance learning experiences that cannot be replicated through conventional means. For instance, virtual reality can be utilized to provide immersive historical reconstructions or scientific simulations that would otherwise be impossible in a standard classroom.

However, several concerns ought to be addressed before wholesale digitalization occurs. Students’ screen time should be monitored to prevent health issues, and digital literacy must be developed alongside subject knowledge. Moreover, educational technology should not be viewed as a panacea; face-to-face interaction and hands-on activities cannot be replaced entirely, as these experiences are known to foster essential social and emotional development. The most effective approach would be achieved through a balanced integration where technology is employed purposefully rather than indiscriminately.”

Phân tích Band 8-9:

• Complex usage: Present perfect passive + modals: “has been recognized”, sophisticated combinations
• Natural flow: Modals integrate seamlessly với complex sentence structures
• Range: Wide variety – must, should, ought to, can, cannot, would, is known to
• Sophistication: “should be strategically employed”, “cannot be replicated”, “would be achieved”
• Academic hedging: Appropriate caution với “ought to”, “should not be viewed”
• Precision: Each modal carefully chosen cho precise meaning
• Vocabulary: Advanced collocations: “be carefully managed”, “be strategically employed”, “be utilized”

Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác

Passive Modals + Relative Clause:

“Policies that should be implemented include carbon taxes and renewable energy subsidies.”

“Students who must be selected for the program will undergo rigorous testing.”

“The research which could be conducted in this field has significant implications for medicine.”

→ Band 8+ features: Tích hợp relative clause giúp add thông tin cụ thể về subject, tạo complex sentences tự nhiên.

Passive Modals + Conditional Sentences:

“If stricter laws were introduced, pollution levels could be reduced significantly.”
(Type 2 conditional với passive modals)

“If the government had invested more in education, the literacy rate would have been improved considerably.”
(Type 3 conditional với perfect modal passive)

“Unless immediate action is taken, irreversible damage will be caused to ecosystems.”
(Real conditional với passive modals)

→ Advanced usage: Combine hypothetical situations với passive voice tạo sophisticated argumentation.

Passive Modals + Participle Clauses:

“Having been carefully planned, the project can be executed smoothly.”

“The proposal, widely supported by experts, should be adopted immediately.”

“Being made from recycled materials, these products can be purchased with confidence.”

→ Sophistication: Reduced clauses với passive modals demonstrate high-level grammatical control.

Passive Modals + Noun Clauses:

“It can be argued that technology has improved quality of life.”

“The fact that measures must be taken immediately is undeniable.”

“What should be emphasized is the long-term impact of these decisions.”

→ Band 9 feature: Impersonal constructions với passive modals for academic objectivity.

Passive Modals + Infinitive Phrases:

“To achieve sustainable development, renewable energy must be invested in heavily.”

“In order to improve public health, preventive measures should be prioritized over treatments.”

“So as to maintain economic growth, innovation needs to be encouraged through funding and policy support.”

→ Complex integration: Purpose clauses kết hợp passive modals show clear logical relationships.

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao

Academic collocations with Passive Voice + Modals:

Collocation	Ví dụ	Band Level
should be taken into account/consideration	“Cultural differences should be taken into account when designing international policies.”	7+
can be attributed to	“The economic growth can be attributed to technological innovations and foreign investment.”	7-8
must be borne in mind	“It must be borne in mind that short-term solutions may have long-term consequences.”	8+
ought to be given priority	“Healthcare and education ought to be given priority in government spending.”	8+
cannot be overlooked/underestimated	“The psychological impact of social media on teenagers cannot be underestimated.”	7-8
might be called into question	“The validity of these research findings might be called into question due to methodological flaws.”	8-9
should be brought to one’s attention	“The environmental costs of fast fashion should be brought to consumers’ attention through campaigns.”	8+
could be put forward	“Several alternatives could be put forward to address this complex issue.”	7-8
may well be argued	“It may well be argued that economic development should not come at the expense of environment.”	8-9
needs to be addressed/tackled	“Youth unemployment needs to be addressed through vocational training programs.”	7+

Formal expressions cho IELTS Writing:

Expression	Function	Example
can/may be observed	Describing trends/patterns	“A significant upward trend may be observed in renewable energy adoption.”
should be noted that	Highlighting important points	“It should be noted that correlation does not imply causation.”
must be acknowledged	Conceding a point	“It must be acknowledged that technology has some drawbacks despite its benefits.”
could be argued	Presenting opinions objectively	“It could be argued that investing in education yields the highest social returns.”
ought to be recognized	Emphasizing importance	“The contributions of volunteers ought to be recognized and valued by society.”
might be interpreted as	Suggesting possible meanings	“This data might be interpreted as evidence of changing consumer preferences.”

Câu Phức & Ghép

Tích hợp vào complex sentences:

“Although measures have been implemented to combat climate change, more aggressive action must be taken if catastrophic consequences are to be avoided.”

→ Phân tích: Concessive clause + main clause với double passive modals + conditional purpose clause – demonstrates Band 9 grammatical range.

“Not only should renewable energy be developed, but fossil fuel subsidies should also be eliminated to accelerate the transition.”

→ Band 8+ inversion structure kết hợp passive modals for emphasis.

“The government plans to introduce new regulations, through which small businesses will be protected from unfair competition while consumers can be assured of product quality.”

→ Advanced: Non-defining relative clause với double passive modals showing parallel benefits.

“Were stricter penalties to be imposed on polluters, companies would be incentivized to adopt cleaner technologies, which would result in improved air quality.”

→ Band 9: Inverted conditional + passive modal + relative clause showing chain of consequences.

Multiple passive modals trong compound/complex sentences:

“Privacy regulations should be strengthened to protect personal data, and companies must be held accountable when breaches occur, otherwise consumer trust will be eroded and the digital economy could be jeopardized.”

→ Demonstrates: Recommendation + obligation + future consequence + possibility – full range of modal meanings in one sentence.

“While it can be argued that globalization brings economic benefits, it should not be forgotten that local cultures may be threatened, and traditional industries could be destroyed unless protective measures are implemented.”

→ Shows: Concession + warning + possibility + conditional – sophisticated argumentation structure.

Cấu trúc nâng cao Passive Voice with Modals để đạt Band 8-9 IELTS

So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự

Passive Voice with Modals vs Simple Passive Voice

Tiêu chí	Passive Voice with Modals	Simple Passive Voice
Công thức	Subject + Modal + be + V3	Subject + be (conjugated) + V3
Ý nghĩa	Thể hiện thái độ, khả năng, sự cần thiết	Mô tả hành động, sự việc khách quan
Tense	Không thay đổi form của “be”	“Be” chia theo thì (am/is/are/was/were/been)
Dùng khi	Đưa ra opinions, suggestions, recommendations	Mô tả facts, completed actions, processes
IELTS Context	Task 2 essays, Speaking Part 3 discussions	Task 1 reports, Task 2 background information
Ví dụ	“Smoking should be banned.” (recommendation)	“Smoking was banned in 2010.” (fact)
Tone	More tentative, diplomatic, academic	More definitive, factual

Khi nào dùng cấu trúc nào:

• Dùng Passive Modals khi:

  • Đưa ra suggestions, recommendations: “Schools should be equipped with…”
  • Nói về possibilities, abilities: “This can be achieved through…”
  • Thể hiện obligations: “Rules must be followed…”
  • Đưa ra predictions: “Improvements will be seen…”
  • Cần tone diplomatic trong discussions

• Dùng Simple Passive khi:

  • Mô tả facts, completed events: “The bridge was built in 1995.”
  • Report về processes: “The mixture is heated to 100°C.”
  • Present information objectively: “Several studies have been conducted.”
  • Describe existing situations: “English is spoken widely.”

Ví dụ so sánh trong IELTS context:

Topic: Environmental laws

Simple Passive (describing current situation – Band 6):
“Plastic bags are banned in many countries. Recycling programs are implemented in most cities. Penalties are imposed on companies that pollute.”

Passive Modals (making recommendations – Band 8):
“Plastic bags should be banned globally rather than just locally. Recycling programs must be expanded to include more materials. Heavier penalties ought to be imposed on repeat offenders to ensure compliance.”

→ Difference: Simple passive = stating facts; Passive modals = arguing for change

Active Voice with Modals vs Passive Voice with Modals

Tiêu chí	Active Voice with Modals	Passive Voice with Modals
Công thức	Subject + Modal + V (base form)	Subject + Modal + be + V3
Focus	Người thực hiện hành động (agent)	Hành động hoặc đối tượng chịu tác động
Agent	Rõ ràng, quan trọng	Không rõ/không quan trọng/obvious
Tone	More direct, personal	More formal, objective, academic
IELTS Writing	Personal examples, specific actors	General arguments, recommendations
Ví dụ	“Governments should reduce taxes.”	“Taxes should be reduced.”

Khi nào chuyển từ Active sang Passive Modals:

• Khi agent không quan trọng hoặc obvious:

  • “The problem should be solved.” (ai solve không quan trọng)

• Khi muốn formal, academic tone:

  • Academic: “Measures should be implemented.”
  • Less formal: “We should implement measures.”

• Khi focus vào action/object hơn là agent:

  • “Endangered species must be protected.” (focus on species, not protectors)

• Khi agent là general/unspecified:

  • “More research should be conducted.” (by researchers – obvious)

Ví dụ chuyển đổi trong IELTS Writing:

Less sophisticated (Active – Band 6):
“Governments should introduce stricter laws. They should punish violators. Companies must adopt cleaner technologies. We should encourage people to recycle.”

More sophisticated (Passive – Band 8):
“Stricter laws should be introduced to regulate industrial emissions. Heavy penalties ought to be imposed on violators to ensure compliance. Cleaner technologies must be adopted by corporations, and recycling initiatives should be promoted through public awareness campaigns.”

→ Impact: Passive version sounds more academic, formal, và appropriate cho IELTS Task 2 – less repetitive subjects, better flow.

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Thiếu “be” sau Modal Verb

❌ SAI:
“The problem should solved immediately.”
“English must learned by all students.”
“New technologies can developed to address this issue.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“The problem should be solved immediately.”
“English must be learned by all students.”
“New technologies can be developed to address this issue.”

Giải thích:
Đây là lỗi phổ biến nhất của học viên Việt Nam. Trong Passive Voice with Modals, “be” là BẮT BUỘC và luôn ở dạng nguyên thể sau modal verb. Không có “be” = câu không đúng ngữ pháp passive.

Pattern cần nhớ: Modal + BE + Past Participle (không bao giờ được bỏ “be”)

Lưu ý:

• Modal verbs (can, should, must…) luôn theo sau bởi động từ nguyên thể → “be” (not am/is/are/been)
• Ngay cả khi chủ ngữ số nhiều hoặc số ít, “be” vẫn không đổi: “They should be…”, “He should be…”

Lỗi 2: Dùng Sai Dạng Động Từ (Không Phải Past Participle)

❌ SAI:
“Children should be protect from harmful content online.”
“The environment must be preserve for future generations.”
“More money could be invest in education.”
“This issue can be solve through better communication.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Children should be protected from harmful content online.”
“The environment must be preserved for future generations.”
“More money could be invested in education.”
“This issue can be solved through better communication.”

Giải thích:
Sau “be” trong passive voice phải là Past Participle (V3), không phải base form (V1). Học viên thường nhầm vì đã quen dùng base form sau modal trong active voice (should protect, must preserve).

So sánh:

• Active: “We should protect children.” (base form)
• Passive: “Children should be protected.” (past participle)

Lưu ý:

• Học thuộc irregular past participles: write-written, take-taken, bring-brought, teach-taught
• Regular verbs thêm -ed: protect-protected, develop-developed
• Một số động từ có cả regular và irregular forms: learn-learned/learnt

Lỗi 3: Chia “be” Theo Chủ Ngữ

❌ SAI:
“These problems should are solved.”
“The project must is completed by next month.”
“Students should been given more support.”
“The data can being analyzed in different ways.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“These problems should be solved.”
“The project must be completed by next month.”
“Students should be given more support.”
“The data can be analyzed in different ways.”

Giải thích:
“Be” sau modal verb LUÔN LUÔN là dạng nguyên thể “be” – không chia thành am/is/are/was/were/been/being. Đây là lỗi do học viên áp dụng sai quy tắc chia động từ “be” trong các thì thông thường.

Rule quan trọng:
Modal + BE (infinitive form only) + Past Participle

Không quan trọng subject là gì:

• I/he/she/it/you/we/they + should + be + V3 (không thay đổi)

Lưu ý:

• Modal verbs không chia theo subject → động từ sau modal cũng không chia
• “Be” chỉ chia khi KHÔNG có modal phía trước: “is done” (simple present passive) nhưng “should be done” (modal passive)

Lỗi 4: Dùng Sai Modal Verb Cho Context

❌ SAI:
“Global warming must be reduced.” (quá mạnh cho recommendation)
“Children can be protected from violence.” (quá yếu cho obligation)
“More research may be done.” (không phù hợp cho strong suggestion)
“The law will be changed.” (quá chắc chắn khi chỉ là suggestion)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Global warming should/needs to be reduced.” (appropriate recommendation)
“Children must be protected from violence.” (strong obligation)
“More research should be done.” (strong recommendation)
“The law should/could be changed.” (suggestion, not certainty)

Giải thích:
Mỗi modal verb mang ý nghĩa khác nhau. Dùng sai modal = sai ý nghĩa câu. Học viên Việt thường dùng “must” quá nhiều hoặc “can” khi nên dùng “should”.

Chọn modal verb phù hợp:

• Must: Strong obligation, urgent necessity – “Action must be taken NOW.”
• Should: Recommendation, advice – “More attention should be paid to…”
• Can: Possibility, general ability – “Benefits can be seen in…”
• Could: Suggestion (softer), possibility – “This could be achieved through…”
• May/might: Lower possibility – “Improvements may be observed…”
• Will: Future certainty/prediction – “Results will be announced…”
• Would: Hypothetical, conditional – “More jobs would be created if…”

Lưu ý:

• IELTS Writing Task 2: “should” là most common và safest cho recommendations
• Tránh overuse “must” – quá strong và commanding
• “Can” thường cho general possibilities, không phải cho specific recommendations

Lỗi 5: Nhầm Lẫn Perfect Modal Passive

❌ SAI:
“The package should be delivered yesterday.” (past time với simple modal passive)
“The problem could be solved if they had tried.” (wrong form cho past hypothetical)
“More preparation must be done before the exam last week.” (past time marker với simple modal)
“This issue should be addressed when I was younger.” (past time với simple modal)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“The package should have been delivered yesterday.” (past obligation not fulfilled)
“The problem could have been solved if they had tried.” (past hypothetical)
“More preparation should have been done before the exam last week.” (past recommendation)
“This issue should have been addressed when I was younger.” (past criticism)

Giải thích:
Khi nói về past events với modals trong passive voice, phải dùng Perfect Modal Passive: Modal + have been + V3. Simple modal passive (modal + be + V3) chỉ dùng cho present/future.

Phân biệt:

• Simple Modal Passive (present/future): “should be done” – cần làm (bây giờ/sau này)
• Perfect Modal Passive (past): “should have been done” – đáng lẽ phải làm (nhưng đã không làm)

Perfect Modal Passive structures:

Structure	Meaning	Example
should have been + V3	Past obligation not fulfilled	“The report should have been submitted last week.”
could have been + V3	Past possibility	“The accident could have been avoided with better planning.”
must have been + V3	Past deduction (certainty)	“The email must have been sent to the wrong address.”
might have been + V3	Past possibility (less certain)	“The message might have been deleted by mistake.”
would have been + V3	Past hypothetical	“More lives would have been saved if action had been taken earlier.”

Lưu ý:

• Time markers như “yesterday”, “last week”, “in the past” signal cần Perfect Modal Passive
• Dùng cho regrets, criticism, speculation about past: “should have been”, “could have been”
• Trong IELTS Speaking Part 3, hữu ích khi discuss past policies: “Better measures should have been implemented decades ago.”

Top 5 mistakes Vietnamese learners make – Summary:

1. Missing “be”: Modal + V3 ❌ → Modal + BE + V3 ✅
2. Wrong verb form: be + V1 ❌ → be + V3 ✅
3. Conjugating “be”: should are/is/been ❌ → should be ✅
4. Wrong modal choice: Overusing “must”, underusing “should”
5. Time confusion: Simple modal passive cho past events ❌ → Perfect modal passive ✅

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập Điền Từ

Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc, sử dụng Passive Voice with Modals:

1. Online privacy __ (protect) through stricter data protection laws.
2. Young people __ (encourage) to pursue careers in science and technology.
3. More funding __ (allocate) to renewable energy research.
4. The results of the study __ (publish) in a scientific journal next month.
5. Traditional skills __ (preserve) for future generations.
6. Traffic congestion __ (reduce) if more people used public transportation.
7. Children __ (not/expose) to violent content in media.
8. Several measures __ (implement) to improve air quality in urban areas.
9. The document __ (translate) into multiple languages for international distribution.
10. Greater emphasis __ (place) on practical skills rather than theoretical knowledge.
11. Fast food consumption __ (limit) to prevent obesity among teenagers.
12. Historic buildings __ (restore) to maintain cultural heritage.
13. Candidates __ (select) based on their qualifications and experience.
14. The proposal __ (consider) carefully before a final decision is made.
15. Recycling rates __ (improve) through better public education campaigns.

Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

Mỗi câu sau có MỘT lỗi. Tìm và sửa lỗi đó:

1. Environmental problems must solve by international cooperation. [❌]

2. More research should be conduct to understand the effects of social media. [❌]

3. Students should are given opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. [❌]

4. Traditional values can be preserve through education and cultural programs. [❌]

5. The new policy will be implement next year to improve healthcare services. [❌]

6. Greater attention must paid to mental health issues in modern society. [❌]

7. Young people could be encourage to participate in volunteer work. [❌]

8. This problem should be address immediately before it becomes worse. [❌]

9. Stricter regulations ought to be introducing to protect consumer rights. [❌]

10. The data can analyzed using various statistical methods. [❌]

11. More resources should been allocated to education in rural areas. [❌]

12. Food waste must reduce through better planning and awareness campaigns. [❌]

13. Public spaces should be designed to accessible for people with disabilities. [❌]

14. The project could completed ahead of schedule if additional funding were available. [❌]

15. Greater investment may be make in infrastructure to support economic growth. [❌]

Viết Câu

Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng Passive Voice with Modals với các từ gợi ý:

1. (plastic bags / ban / all supermarkets)
   → Your answer: ___

2. (children / teach / financial literacy / early age)
   → Your answer: ___

3. (renewable energy / invest / heavily / next decade)
   → Your answer: ___

4. (traditional crafts / preserve / through / government support)
   → Your answer: ___

5. (more emphasis / place / practical skills / education system)
   → Your answer: ___

6. (public transportation / improve / reduce / traffic congestion)
   → Your answer: ___

7. (stricter penalties / impose / companies / violate / environmental regulations)
   → Your answer: ___

8. (work-life balance / prioritize / prevent / employee burnout)
   → Your answer: ___

9. (historic buildings / restore / maintain / cultural identity)
   → Your answer: ___

10. (mental health services / expand / meet / growing demand)
    → Your answer: ___

Chuyển Đổi Active – Passive

Chuyển các câu sau từ Active Voice with Modals sang Passive Voice with Modals:

1. Governments should introduce stricter environmental laws.
   → ___

2. Schools must teach students about digital literacy.
   → ___

3. Companies could adopt more sustainable business practices.
   → ___

4. Society should not ignore mental health issues.
   → ___

5. Authorities must take immediate action to address homelessness.
   → ___

6. Employers should provide better training opportunities for workers.
   → ___

7. People can reduce carbon emissions through simple lifestyle changes.
   → ___

8. Governments ought to invest more in public healthcare systems.
   → ___

9. Universities might offer more online courses in the future.
   → ___

10. Parents should encourage children to read from a young age.
    → ___

Bài Tập Ứng Dụng IELTS

Writing Task 2: Viết 1 body paragraph (khoảng 100-120 từ) cho topic sau, sử dụng ít nhất 5 Passive Voice with Modals structures:

Topic: “Some people think that environmental problems should be solved by governments, while others believe individuals should take responsibility. Discuss both views.”

Your paragraph: ___

Speaking Part 3: Trả lời câu hỏi sau (60-80 từ), sử dụng ít nhất 3 Passive Voice with Modals:

Question: “What measures should be taken to reduce unemployment among young people?”

Your answer: ___

Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Đáp Án Bài Tập Điền Từ

1. should be protected / must be protected

   • Explanation: Recommendation/necessity về protecting privacy online

2. should be encouraged / ought to be encouraged

   • Explanation: Recommendation về encouraging youth trong STEM fields

3. should be allocated / must be allocated / could be allocated

   • Explanation: Suggestion về funding allocation (should = recommendation, could = possibility)

4. will be published

   • Explanation: Future certainty với “next month”

5. should be preserved / must be preserved

   • Explanation: Importance của preserving traditions

6. could be reduced / would be reduced

   • Explanation: Conditional possibility (could) hoặc hypothetical result (would)

7. should not be exposed / must not be exposed

   • Explanation: Negative recommendation/prohibition

8. should be implemented / must be implemented / could be implemented

   • Explanation: Measures để improve air quality

9. will be translated / should be translated / must be translated

   • Explanation: Future plan (will) hoặc necessity (should/must)

10. should be placed / ought to be placed

    • Explanation: Recommendation về educational priorities

11. should be limited / ought to be limited / must be limited

    • Explanation: Health recommendation

12. should be restored / must be restored / ought to be restored

    • Explanation: Cultural preservation necessity

13. should be selected / must be selected / will be selected

    • Explanation: Selection criteria (recommendation hoặc certainty)

14. should be considered / must be considered / will be considered

    • Explanation: Careful deliberation necessity

15. can be improved / could be improved / should be improved

    • Explanation: Possibility (can) hoặc recommendation (should)

Đáp Án Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

1. ❌ “must solve” → ✅ “must be solved“

   • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive structure

2. ❌ “should be conduct” → ✅ “should be conducted“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3)

3. ❌ “should are given” → ✅ “should be given”

   • Lỗi: “Be” không chia thành “are” sau modal

4. ❌ “can be preserve” → ✅ “can be preserved“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3)

5. ❌ “will be implement” → ✅ “will be implemented“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3)

6. ❌ “must paid” → ✅ “must be paid”

   • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive structure

7. ❌ “could be encourage” → ✅ “could be encouraged“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3)

8. ❌ “should be address” → ✅ “should be addressed“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3)

9. ❌ “ought to be introducing” → ✅ “ought to be introduced“

   • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V-ing thay vì V3)

10. ❌ “can analyzed” → ✅ “can be analyzed”

    • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive structure

11. ❌ “should been allocated” → ✅ “should be allocated”

    • Lỗi: “Been” không dùng sau modal (chỉ dùng “be”)

12. ❌ “must reduce” → ✅ “must be reduced“

    • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive structure

13. ❌ “should be designed to accessible” → ✅ “should be designed to be accessible”

    • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trước adjective “accessible” (designed to be + adjective)

14. ❌ “could completed” → ✅ “could be completed”

    • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive structure

15. ❌ “may be make” → ✅ “may be made“

    • Lỗi: Sai dạng động từ (V1 thay vì V3: make-made-made)

Đáp Án Viết Câu

1. Plastic bags should be banned in all supermarkets.

   • Alternative: “Plastic bags ought to be banned…” / “Plastic bags must be banned…”

2. Children should be taught financial literacy at an early age.

   • Alternative: “Children ought to be taught…” / “Financial literacy should be taught to children…”

3. Renewable energy should be invested in heavily over the next decade.

   • Alternative: “Heavy investment should be made in renewable energy…” / “Renewable energy must be invested in…”

4. Traditional crafts should be preserved through government support.

   • Alternative: “Traditional crafts can be preserved…” / “Government support should be provided to preserve traditional crafts.”

5. More emphasis should be placed on practical skills in the education system.

   • Alternative: “Greater emphasis ought to be placed…” / “Practical skills should be prioritized…”

6. Public transportation should be improved to reduce traffic congestion.

   • Alternative: “Public transportation must be improved…” / “Traffic congestion could be reduced if public transportation were improved.”

7. Stricter penalties should be imposed on companies that violate environmental regulations.

   • Alternative: “Stricter penalties must be imposed…” / “Companies that violate environmental regulations should be penalized more severely.”

8. Work-life balance should be prioritized to prevent employee burnout.

   • Alternative: “Work-life balance must be prioritized…” / “Greater attention should be paid to work-life balance…”

9. Historic buildings should be restored to maintain cultural identity.

   • Alternative: “Historic buildings must be restored…” / “Cultural identity can be maintained through the restoration of historic buildings.”

10. Mental health services should be expanded to meet the growing demand.

    • Alternative: “Mental health services must be expanded…” / “More mental health services ought to be provided…”

Đáp Án Chuyển Đổi Active – Passive

1. Stricter environmental laws should be introduced by governments.

   • Or simply: Stricter environmental laws should be introduced. (agent không cần thiết)

2. Students must be taught about digital literacy by schools.

   • Or: Digital literacy must be taught in schools.

3. More sustainable business practices could be adopted by companies.

   • Or: More sustainable business practices could be adopted.

4. Mental health issues should not be ignored by society.

   • Or: Mental health issues should not be ignored.

5. Immediate action must be taken by authorities to address homelessness.

   • Or: Immediate action must be taken to address homelessness.

6. Better training opportunities should be provided for workers by employers.

   • Or: Better training opportunities should be provided for workers.

7. Carbon emissions can be reduced through simple lifestyle changes.

   • (Agent “people” không cần thiết – implied)

8. More investment ought to be made in public healthcare systems by governments.

   • Or: Public healthcare systems ought to be invested in more heavily.

9. More online courses might be offered by universities in the future.

   • Or: More online courses might be offered in the future.

10. Children should be encouraged to read from a young age by parents.

    • Or: Children should be encouraged to read from a young age.

Đáp Án Bài Tập Ứng Dụng IELTS

Sample Writing Task 2 Body Paragraph (Band 8.0):

“On the one hand, it can be argued that governments bear primary responsibility for environmental protection. Large-scale issues such as industrial pollution and deforestation cannot be addressed effectively by individuals alone; rather, comprehensive policies must be implemented at the national level. For instance, emission standards should be enforced strictly, and companies that violate regulations ought to be penalized heavily to ensure compliance. Furthermore, significant investment should be made in renewable energy infrastructure, which cannot be financed by ordinary citizens. Therefore, governmental intervention should be regarded as essential for tackling environmental challenges systematically.”

Analysis:

• 7 Passive Voice with Modals structures used naturally
• Variety: can be argued, cannot be addressed, must be implemented, should be enforced, ought to be penalized, should be made, cannot be financed, should be regarded
• Academic collocations và cohesive devices
• Logical flow với clear argumentation

Sample Speaking Part 3 Answer (Band 8.0):

“Well, I believe multiple measures should be taken simultaneously. First, vocational training programs ought to be expanded to equip young people with practical skills that match market demands. Apprenticeship opportunities could be created through partnerships between educational institutions and businesses, giving students real work experience. Additionally, entrepreneurship should be encouraged through start-up grants and mentorship programs. Government subsidies might be offered to companies that hire young graduates, reducing the financial burden on employers. I think if these approaches were implemented comprehensively, youth unemployment could be reduced significantly.”

Analysis:

• 7 Passive Voice with Modals structures
• Natural spoken style với fillers (“Well”, “I believe”, “I think”)
• Variety của modals: should, ought to, could, might, were implemented
• Relevant examples và logical progression
• Appropriate length và complexity cho Band 8

Kết Bài

Passive Voice with Modals là một công cụ ngữ pháp cực kỳ quan trọng để đạt Band 7-9 trong IELTS. Cấu trúc này không chỉ giúp bạn thể hiện ý kiến một cách khách quan và học thuật, mà còn demonstrate grammatical range and accuracy – hai tiêu chí quan trọng trong việc chấm điểm IELTS Writing và Speaking.

Những điểm cần nhớ:

• Công thức cơ bản: Subject + Modal + BE + Past Participle
• Variety is key: Sử dụng đa dạng modal verbs (should, must, can, could, may, might, will, would, ought to)
• Context matters: Chọn modal verb phù hợp với ý nghĩa bạn muốn diễn tả
• Tránh lỗi phổ biến: Đừng quên “be”, dùng đúng past participle, không chia “be” theo subject
• Natural integration: Tích hợp vào complex sentences thay vì dùng riêng lẻ

Để master cấu trúc này, bạn cần:

1. Học thuộc công thức và meanings của từng modal verb
2. Phân tích examples từ Cambridge IELTS để thấy cách native speakers sử dụng
3. Practice regularly với các bài tập và real IELTS topics
4. Self-correction: Record speaking answers hoặc viết essays, sau đó check xem đã dùng đúng chưa
5. Get feedback: Nhờ giáo viên hoặc bạn học check grammar accuracy

Đề Luyện Tập

Speaking Topics:

1. Describe a change that should be made in your local area

   • Focus: Sử dụng “should be”, “could be”, “ought to be” để suggest changes
   • Example: “More parks should be created…”, “Public facilities could be improved…”

2. Talk about how technology has changed education

   • Focus: Perfect modal passive cho past changes: “Traditional methods have been replaced…”, “Online platforms could have been adopted earlier…”

3. Discuss environmental problems and solutions

   • Focus: Mix của necessity và possibility: “Plastic must be banned…”, “Renewable energy should be invested in…”

4. Describe a rule or law that should be introduced

   • Focus: Future recommendations: “This law should be implemented…”, “Penalties ought to be imposed…”

5. Talk about what can be done to improve public health

   • Focus: Variety of modals: “Exercise should be encouraged…”, “Fast food consumption could be limited…”, “Regular check-ups must be provided…”

Writing Topics:

1. Environmental protection: Government vs. Individual responsibility

   • Type: Discussion Essay
   • Key structures: “Problems can be addressed…”, “Measures should be taken…”, “Responsibility must be shared…”

2. Technology in education: advantages and disadvantages

   • Type: Advantage-Disadvantage Essay
   • Key structures: “Skills can be developed…”, “Traditional methods might be lost…”, “Balance should be maintained…”

3. Youth unemployment: causes and solutions

   • Type: Problem-Solution Essay
   • Key structures: “Training programs should be expanded…”, “Opportunities must be created…”, “Experience can be gained through…”

4. Preserving cultural heritage in modern society

   • Type: Opinion Essay
   • Key structures: “Traditional values should be maintained…”, “Heritage sites must be protected…”, “Cultural identity can be preserved through…”

5. Health problems caused by modern lifestyle

   • Type: Problem-Solution Essay
   • Key structures: “Lifestyle changes should be encouraged…”, “Prevention must be prioritized…”, “Awareness campaigns could be launched…”

Yêu cầu: Mỗi đề phải sử dụng Passive Voice with Modals ít nhất 5-7 lần một cách tự nhiên, với variety của modal verbs và tích hợp vào complex sentences. Chú ý:

• Avoid repetition của cùng một modal
• Combine với các cấu trúc khác (relative clauses, conditionals)
• Maintain academic tone
• Ensure grammatical accuracy

Practice Plan:

• Week 1-2: Master công thức cơ bản, làm grammar exercises
• Week 3-4: Analyze Cambridge IELTS samples, identify passive modals usage
• Week 5-6: Practice Writing Task 2 với focus vào using passive modals naturally
• Week 7-8: Practice Speaking Part 3, record và self-evaluate
• Ongoing: Daily practice với 2-3 sentences using different modals

Chúc bạn học tốt và đạt band điểm cao trong kỳ thi IELTS! Remember: Consistency and quality practice are more important than quantity. Focus on accuracy first, then build up fluency and variety.