Opinion adjectives và Fact adjectives là hai nhóm tính từ quan trọng mà thí sinh IELTS cần phân biệt rõ ràng để đạt điểm cao. Việc sắp xếp đúng thứ tự các tính từ này không chỉ thể hiện kiến thức ngữ pháp vững vàng mà còn giúp câu văn tự nhiên, mạch lạc như người bản ngữ. Cấu trúc này đặc biệt hữu ích trong IELTS Speaking Part 2 khi mô tả người, vật, địa điểm và Writing Task 2 khi cần diễn đạt ý kiến một cách chi tiết, học thuật.
Theo thống kê từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, thứ tự tính từ (adjective order) xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:
- Speaking: Part 2 và Part 3 (mô tả chi tiết, đưa ra đánh giá)
- Writing Task 2: Opinion essays, Descriptive paragraphs
- Writing Task 1: Mô tả biểu đồ, quy trình với các đặc điểm cụ thể
Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:
Speaking Part 2 (Describe a person you admire):
“She is a beautiful young Vietnamese woman who has inspired me greatly.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion adjective (beautiful) + Age (young) + Origin (Vietnamese) + Noun (woman)
Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“Preserving historic old European buildings requires significant investment from governments.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion (historic) + Age (old) + Origin (European) + Noun (buildings)
Speaking Part 2 (Describe an object):
“I bought a lovely small round wooden table for my apartment.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion (lovely) + Size (small) + Shape (round) + Material (wooden) + Noun (table)
Writing Task 2 (Discussion essay):
“Many traditional cultural values have been lost in modern society.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion (traditional) + Purpose (cultural) + Noun (values)
Speaking Part 3 (Giving detailed description):
“The government should invest in efficient modern public transportation systems.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion (efficient) + Age (modern) + Purpose (public) + Noun (transportation systems)
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:
✅ Định nghĩa và sự khác biệt giữa Opinion và Fact adjectives
✅ Công thức thứ tự tính từ chi tiết (OSASCOMP)
✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS
✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 với phân tích cụ thể
✅ Các biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+
✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam
✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết
Opinion Adjectives và Fact Adjectives Là Gì?
Định Nghĩa
Opinion Adjectives (Tính từ quan điểm) là những tính từ thể hiện ý kiến chủ quan, đánh giá cá nhân của người nói về danh từ. Những tính từ này có thể khác nhau tùy theo quan điểm của mỗi người.
Fact Adjectives (Tính từ sự thật) là những tính từ mô tả đặc điểm khách quan, có thể kiểm chứng được của danh từ như kích thước, tuổi tác, hình dạng, màu sắc, xuất xứ, chất liệu.
Chức năng chính:
- Tạo sự mô tả chi tiết, sinh động cho danh từ
- Thể hiện khả năng sử dụng ngôn ngữ đa dạng (lexical resource)
- Giúp câu văn tự nhiên, mạch lạc như người bản ngữ
- Nâng cao điểm Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
- Speaking: Mô tả người, vật, địa điểm trong Part 2; Trả lời chi tiết trong Part 3
- Writing: Tạo câu phức tạp trong Task 2; Mô tả đặc điểm trong Task 1
- Thể hiện trình độ: Sử dụng đúng thứ tự 3+ tính từ là dấu hiệu của Band 7+
Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS
Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:
Speaking:
- Part 1: Trung bình – Câu hỏi về sở thích, đồ vật cá nhân (“Do you like traditional clothes?”)
- Part 2: Rất cao – Hầu hết các cue card yêu cầu mô tả (Describe a person/place/object)
- Part 3: Cao – Câu hỏi sâu yêu cầu mô tả và phân tích (“What kind of buildings are popular?”)
Writing:
- Task 1: Thấp đến trung bình – Chủ yếu khi mô tả process/map có các đặc điểm cụ thể
- Task 2: Cao – Đặc biệt trong Opinion essays, Discussion essays khi cần mô tả ví dụ cụ thể
Listening/Reading:
- Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các đoạn mô tả sản phẩm, địa điểm, con người
- Cần nhận diện thứ tự để hiểu chính xác đặc điểm được nhấn mạnh
Band Score Impact:
- Band 6: Sử dụng 1-2 tính từ đơn giản, đôi khi sai thứ tự
- Band 7: Sử dụng đúng thứ tự 2-3 tính từ trong nhiều contexts
- Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt 3-4 tính từ, tự nhiên, không lỗi, kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức
Phân Loại Opinion và Fact Adjectives
OPINION ADJECTIVES (Luôn đứng đầu):
- General opinion: beautiful, ugly, nice, wonderful, excellent, terrible, lovely, perfect, awful
- Specific opinion: comfortable, delicious, difficult, easy, interesting, boring, important, useful
Đặc điểm: Có thể tranh cãi, phụ thuộc quan điểm cá nhân
FACT ADJECTIVES (Theo thứ tự OSASCOMP):
| Loại | Viết tắt | Ví dụ | Câu hỏi kiểm tra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size (Kích thước) | S | big, small, large, tiny, huge, enormous | How big? |
| Age (Tuổi tác) | A | old, new, young, ancient, modern | How old? |
| Shape (Hình dạng) | S | round, square, flat, curved, rectangular | What shape? |
| Color (Màu sắc) | C | red, blue, white, dark, bright | What color? |
| Origin (Xuất xứ) | O | Vietnamese, British, Asian, European | Where from? |
| Material (Chất liệu) | M | wooden, metal, plastic, cotton, silk | Made of what? |
| Purpose (Mục đích) | P | sleeping (bag), cooking (pot), sports (car) | What for? |
Sơ đồ minh họa thứ tự tính từ Opinion và Fact Adjectives trong câu tiếng Anh chuẩn IELTS Band 8
Công Thức & Cấu Trúc
Công Thức Cơ Bản
📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ OPINION + SIZE + AGE + SHAPE + COLOR + ORIGIN + MATERIAL + │
│ PURPOSE + NOUN │
│ │
│ Ví dụ: a beautiful large old round red Italian wooden │
│ dining table │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Thành phần câu:
- Opinion (Ý kiến): Luôn đứng đầu – beautiful, lovely, wonderful
- Size (Kích thước): Đứng sau opinion – big, small, large, tiny
- Age (Tuổi): Sau size – old, new, young, ancient
- Shape (Hình dạng): Sau age – round, square, flat
- Color (Màu sắc): Sau shape – red, blue, white
- Origin (Xuất xứ): Sau color – Vietnamese, British, Asian
- Material (Chất liệu): Sau origin – wooden, metal, cotton
- Purpose (Mục đích): Trước danh từ trực tiếp – dining, sleeping, sports
- Noun (Danh từ): Từ được bổ nghĩa
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
Câu: “She bought a beautiful small new round blue Chinese ceramic tea cup.”
Phân tích:
- Article: a (mạo từ)
- Opinion: beautiful (đẹp – ý kiến chủ quan)
- Size: small (nhỏ – kích thước)
- Age: new (mới – tuổi)
- Shape: round (tròn – hình dạng)
- Color: blue (xanh – màu sắc)
- Origin: Chinese (Trung Quốc – xuất xứ)
- Material: ceramic (gốm sứ – chất liệu)
- Purpose: tea (để uống trà – mục đích)
- Noun: cup (danh từ chính)
Quy Tắc Đơn Giản Hóa
Trong thực tế IELTS, thí sinh thường dùng 2-4 tính từ. Quy tắc đơn giản:
Với 2 tính từ:
- Opinion + Fact: a beautiful old house
- Size + Color: a large red car
- Age + Origin: an ancient Vietnamese temple
Với 3 tính từ:
- Opinion + Size + Color: a lovely small blue handbag
- Opinion + Age + Origin: a wonderful old British museum
- Size + Color + Material: a big black leather jacket
Với 4 tính từ:
- Opinion + Size + Age + Color: a beautiful large old white building
- Opinion + Size + Color + Material: a comfortable big red cotton sofa
Các Biến Thể Thường Gặp
Dạng cơ bản (2 tính từ):
- Opinion + Age: “an interesting modern approach”
- Size + Material: “a huge concrete building”
- Color + Origin: “a red Italian sports car”
Dạng mở rộng (3 tính từ):
- Opinion + Size + Origin: “a magnificent large European palace”
- Opinion + Age + Material: “a beautiful ancient wooden bridge”
- Size + Color + Purpose: “a small blue sleeping bag”
Dạng phức tạp (4+ tính từ):
- Opinion + Size + Age + Color + Origin: “a charming little old yellow French cottage”
- Opinion + Size + Shape + Color + Material: “an elegant large round white marble fountain”
Signal Words & Comma Rules
Khi nào dùng dấu phẩy giữa các tính từ:
KHÔNG dùng phẩy khi theo thứ tự OSASCOMP chuẩn:
- ✅ “a beautiful old Italian villa” (không có phẩy)
- ✅ “a large red brick house” (không có phẩy)
CÓ dùng phẩy khi có 2+ opinion adjectives cùng loại:
- ✅ “a beautiful, elegant dress” (2 opinion adjectives)
- ✅ “an intelligent, creative student” (2 opinion adjectives)
Kiểm tra bằng “and”:
Nếu có thể thay phẩy bằng “and” mà câu vẫn tự nhiên → dùng phẩy
- “a beautiful, elegant dress” = “a beautiful and elegant dress” ✅
- “a beautiful old house” ≠ “a beautiful and old house” ❌
Coordinate vs Cumulative Adjectives:
| Coordinate Adjectives | Cumulative Adjectives |
|---|---|
| Cùng loại, có thể đổi vị trí | Theo thứ tự cố định |
| Dùng phẩy hoặc “and” | Không dùng phẩy |
| a happy, healthy baby | a beautiful little baby |
| a long, boring lecture | a large modern building |
Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS
Speaking
Part 1 – Introduction & Interview:
Topic thường gặp: Hobbies, Hometown, Accommodation, Daily routine
Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:
Q: “What kind of house do you live in?”
A (Band 6): “I live in a big house. It’s old and nice.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng tính từ đơn giản, tách rời
A (Band 7-8): “I live in a spacious old Vietnamese house with a traditional design. It’s a comfortable two-story brick building that my grandparents built.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng đúng thứ tự Opinion + Age + Origin; Size + Purpose + Material
Q: “Do you like shopping for clothes?”
A (Band 8): “Yes, I particularly enjoy browsing for elegant modern European designs. Last month, I bought a beautiful long navy cotton dress that I wear to work frequently.”
→ Phân tích: Opinion + Age + Origin; Opinion + Size + Color + Material
Part 2 – Long Turn:
Cue card example:
*Describe a piece of furniture you own. You should say:
- What it is
- Where you bought it
- What it looks like
- And explain why you like it*
Sample answer (Band 8-9):
“I’d like to describe a gorgeous antique wooden bookshelf that I purchased about two years ago from a small local furniture store in the Old Quarter.
It’s quite an impressive large rectangular piece, standing about two meters tall. The bookshelf is made from beautiful dark mahogany wood with intricate carvings on the sides. It features traditional Vietnamese patterns that really catch your eye.
What makes it special is its unique vintage design – you don’t see many pieces like this nowadays. The shelves are quite spacious, so I can store hundreds of books, and there’s even a convenient small drawer at the bottom for keeping documents.
I particularly love this bookshelf because it adds a sophisticated classic touch to my study room. The rich brown color matches perfectly with my other furniture, and every time I look at it, I feel like I’m surrounded by history and culture. It’s definitely one of the best purchases I’ve ever made.”
Phân tích:
- Opinion + Age + Material: gorgeous antique wooden
- Size + Purpose: small local
- Opinion + Size + Shape: impressive large rectangular
- Opinion + Age + Material: beautiful dark mahogany wood
- Opinion + Origin: traditional Vietnamese
- Opinion + Age: unique vintage
- Opinion + Size: convenient small drawer
- Opinion + Age: sophisticated classic
- Opinion + Color: rich brown color
Part 3 – Discussion:
Q: “How has architecture changed in your country?”
A (Band 8-9): “Well, there’s been a dramatic shift in recent decades. In the past, most Vietnamese lived in traditional single-story wooden houses with distinctive red-tiled roofs. However, nowadays, you’ll see impressive modern high-rise buildings everywhere, especially in major cities.
These contemporary glass-and-steel structures are certainly more efficient, but many people, including myself, feel that we’re losing the charming unique character that old Vietnamese architecture possessed. Some developers are now trying to incorporate elegant traditional elements into new residential projects, which I think is a positive welcome trend.”
→ Band 9 features:
- Sử dụng nhiều cụm tính từ phức tạp
- Kết hợp Opinion và Fact adjectives tự nhiên
- Tính từ ghép (glass-and-steel, high-rise)
Ví dụ mô tả đồ vật trong IELTS Speaking Part 2 sử dụng thứ tự tính từ chuẩn Band 8.0
Writing Task 1
Khi nào dùng trong Task 1:
- Mô tả process/diagram có các đối tượng cụ thể
- Miêu tả map changes với các công trình kiến trúc
- Line/Bar charts khi cần specific examples
Ví dụ (Process Diagram):
Topic: The diagram shows how coffee is produced.
Sample sentence:
“First, the ripe red coffee berries are picked by hand from the trees. These berries are then placed in large traditional wooden containers where they undergo fermentation. After this, the beans are spread out on wide concrete drying platforms for approximately two weeks.”
→ Vận dụng:
- ripe red coffee (Age + Color + Purpose)
- large traditional wooden (Size + Opinion + Material)
- wide concrete drying (Size + Material + Purpose)
Ví dụ (Map):
Topic: The maps show changes in a town between 1990 and 2020.
Sample sentence:
“In 1990, the area featured a small old stone church and several traditional two-story brick houses. By 2020, these had been replaced by a large modern glass shopping center and numerous contemporary high-rise residential buildings.”
→ Phân tích: So sánh quá khứ và hiện tại bằng cách dùng tính từ đối lập (old vs modern, traditional vs contemporary)
Writing Task 2
Essay types sử dụng Opinion & Fact Adjectives:
Opinion Essay:
Topic: Some people believe that old buildings should be protected while others think they should be replaced with modern structures. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Body paragraph (Band 8-9):
“Those who advocate preservation argue that historic old buildings represent invaluable cultural heritage. For instance, ancient religious structures like pagodas in Vietnam showcase exquisite traditional craftsmanship that cannot be replicated today. These magnificent centuries-old architectural masterpieces attract tourists and generate substantial economic benefits for local communities. Moreover, charming old residential neighborhoods create a sense of identity and connection to the past that sterile modern high-rise developments simply cannot provide.
On the other hand, proponents of modernization emphasize that outdated deteriorating structures pose safety risks and fail to meet contemporary needs. They contend that efficient modern buildings with advanced technological features better serve growing urban populations. Spacious new glass-fronted offices and convenient multi-story parking facilities arguably contribute more to economic productivity than maintaining dilapidated old structures.”
Phân tích cấu trúc tính từ:
- historic old buildings: Opinion + Age
- ancient religious structures: Age + Purpose
- exquisite traditional craftsmanship: Opinion + Age
- magnificent centuries-old architectural masterpieces: Opinion + Age + Purpose
- charming old residential neighborhoods: Opinion + Age + Purpose
- sterile modern high-rise developments: Opinion + Age + Purpose
- outdated deteriorating structures: Opinion (2 từ cùng loại)
- efficient modern buildings: Opinion + Age
- advanced technological features: Opinion + Purpose
- spacious new glass-fronted offices: Size + Age + Material
- convenient multi-story parking facilities: Opinion + Size + Purpose
- dilapidated old structures: Opinion + Age
Discussion Essay:
Topic: More and more people are choosing to live in modern apartments rather than traditional houses. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
Body paragraph:
“Modern high-rise apartment complexes offer several compelling advantages. Firstly, they provide convenient integrated facilities such as gyms, swimming pools, and security systems that traditional single-family homes typically lack. Residents can enjoy a comfortable urban lifestyle with everything accessible within the building. Additionally, these energy-efficient new constructions often feature advanced eco-friendly technologies that reduce utility costs.
However, apartment living also has drawbacks. Cramped small units restrict personal space, particularly problematic for families with children who need room to play. The impersonal sterile atmosphere of massive concrete residential towers contrasts sharply with the warm welcoming environment of traditional Vietnamese courtyard houses where neighbors interact naturally.”
→ Phân tích: Sử dụng tính từ để tạo sự tương phản rõ ràng giữa ưu và nhược điểm
Problem/Solution Essay:
Topic: Many historic buildings in cities are being destroyed. What problems does this cause and what solutions can you suggest?
Sample paragraph:
“The demolition of valuable old structures creates several serious problems. Culturally, it erases irreplaceable historical landmarks that define a city’s character. When beautiful colonial-era buildings are replaced by generic modern constructions, cities lose their distinctive unique identity. This cultural homogenization makes traditional Asian cities increasingly indistinguishable from their Western counterparts.
To address this issue, governments should implement strict protective legislation for significant historical buildings. Cities like Paris have successfully preserved their charming old architecture through comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Additionally, offering attractive financial incentives to property owners who maintain original traditional features would encourage preservation rather than demolition.”
Sample Paragraphs Band 7-9
Band 7 Sample (Good adjective usage):
Topic: Describe your favorite room
“My bedroom is a comfortable private space where I spend most of my time at home. It’s quite a spacious rectangular room with large glass windows that let in plenty of natural light. The walls are painted in a soft blue color, which creates a calm peaceful atmosphere. I have a big wooden bed in the center, and next to it, there’s a small modern desk where I study. On the opposite wall, I’ve placed a tall metal bookshelf filled with my collection of books. What I love most is the cozy reading corner I’ve created near the window, with a comfortable grey fabric armchair. Overall, it’s a simple functional room that suits my needs perfectly.”
Phân tích Band 7:
- Sử dụng 2-3 tính từ liên tiếp một cách chính xác
- Variety: Opinion + Material; Size + Shape; Size + Color; Opinion + Material
- Còn đơn giản, chưa nhiều cụm phức tạp
- Collocations tốt: “calm peaceful atmosphere”, “cozy reading corner”
Band 8-9 Sample (Advanced adjective usage):
Topic: Describe changes in your hometown
“Over the past two decades, my hometown has undergone remarkable transformation, evolving from a quaint traditional Vietnamese town into a bustling modern urban center. The most striking change involves architecture. Where once stood charming low-rise colonial-era buildings with distinctive yellow-painted facades and elegant green-shuttered windows, there now tower imposing contemporary glass-and-steel structures that dominate the skyline.
The narrow winding cobblestone streets have been widened into broad paved multi-lane roads accommodating the surge in traffic. However, this modernization has come at a cost. The atmospheric old covered market, with its aromatic fresh food stalls and vibrant colorful displays, was demolished to make way for a massive sterile air-conditioned shopping mall. While this efficient modern retail facility offers convenience, many residents, myself included, mourn the loss of that authentic local character.
Not all changes have been negative, though. The government has preserved several significant historical religious sites, including a magnificent 18th-century Buddhist pagoda and a beautiful ancient Confucian temple. These restored traditional landmarks now serve as popular cultural attractions, creating a fascinating interesting juxtaposition with the surrounding ultra-modern high-tech developments. This blend of old and new gives my hometown a unique distinctive identity that sets it apart from other Vietnamese cities.”
Phân tích Band 8-9:
- Complex usage: Sử dụng tự nhiên 4+ tính từ (quaint traditional Vietnamese; imposing contemporary glass-and-steel)
- Tính từ ghép nâng cao: glass-and-steel, multi-lane, yellow-painted, green-shuttered, air-conditioned
- Range vocabulary: Variety lớn (quaint, bustling, striking, imposing, atmospheric, aromatic, vibrant, sterile, magnificent, ultra-modern)
- Natural collocations: “bustling urban center”, “imposing structures”, “atmospheric market”, “vibrant displays”, “authentic character”
- Contrasts hiệu quả: old vs new, traditional vs modern, charming vs sterile
- Sentence structure: Tích hợp adjectives vào complex sentences (relative clauses, participles)
Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+
Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác
Opinion/Fact Adjectives + Relative Clause:
Example: “The government should preserve historic old colonial buildings, which represent irreplaceable architectural heritage and attract millions of tourists annually.”
→ Band 8+ features: Tính từ phức tạp kết hợp với mệnh đề quan hệ tạo câu phức, academic
Example: “I purchased a beautiful handmade Vietnamese silk scarf, which features intricate traditional patterns passed down through generations.”
→ Sophistication: Linking adjectives với relative clause để mở rộng mô tả
Opinion/Fact Adjectives + Participle Clauses:
Example: “Surrounded by ancient towering trees, the small traditional wooden temple creates a serene peaceful atmosphere.”
→ Advanced usage: Participle clause + multiple adjective sequences
Example: “The company, known for producing high-quality Italian leather goods, opened a spacious new flagship store downtown.”
→ Band 9 feature: Reduced relative clause + compound adjectives + precise vocabulary
Opinion/Fact Adjectives + Compound Adjectives:
Example: “The city has built several eco-friendly solar-powered buildings and state-of-the-art public facilities.”
→ Sophistication: Hyphenated compound adjectives thể hiện vocabulary range
Example: “She wore a breathtaking floor-length emerald-green silk evening gown.”
→ Complexity: Multiple hyphens + full adjective sequence
Cụm Từ Nâng Cao
Academic collocations with Opinion/Fact Adjectives cho IELTS Writing:
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Band Level |
|---|---|---|
| significant historical + noun | “Preserving significant historical landmarks maintains cultural identity.” | 7+ |
| substantial economic + noun | “Tourism generates substantial economic benefits for developing nations.” | 7+ |
| comprehensive modern + noun | “Cities need comprehensive modern infrastructure to support growth.” | 7-8 |
| distinctive traditional + noun | “Each region possesses distinctive traditional characteristics worth preserving.” | 8 |
| sophisticated contemporary + noun | “The building features sophisticated contemporary design elements.” | 8 |
| invaluable cultural + noun | “Museums protect invaluable cultural artifacts for future generations.” | 8+ |
| unprecedented rapid + noun | “Technology has driven unprecedented rapid change in communication.” | 8+ |
| compelling empirical + noun | “Researchers provided compelling empirical evidence supporting the theory.” | 9 |
Natural collocations cho IELTS Speaking:
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Context |
|---|---|---|
| bustling modern + city/center | “I love the bustling modern atmosphere of downtown.” | Describing places |
| cozy little + café/restaurant | “There’s a cozy little coffee shop near my house.” | Favorite places |
| scenic coastal + area/region | “We visited a scenic coastal town last summer.” | Travel |
| vibrant local + market/culture | “The vibrant local market sells fresh produce daily.” | Hometown/culture |
| impressive ancient + monument/site | “The impressive ancient temple attracts many visitors.” | Historical places |
| spacious modern + apartment/office | “I work in a spacious modern office building.” | Accommodation/work |
Tính Từ Ghép (Compound Adjectives) Nâng Cao
Các pattern thường gặp trong IELTS Band 8-9:
Number + Noun (-ed):
- a three-bedroom apartment
- a five-star hotel
- a twenty-story building
- a four-lane highway
Adverb + Past Participle:
- a well-designed system
- a highly-educated workforce
- a densely-populated area
- a beautifully-decorated room
Adjective + Noun (-ed):
- a long-term solution
- a full-time job
- a high-quality product
- a low-cost alternative
Noun + Adjective:
- a world-famous landmark
- a user-friendly interface
- an energy-efficient building
- an environmentally-friendly approach
Complex compounds:
- a state-of-the-art facility
- a cutting-edge technology
- a well-thought-out plan
- a up-to-date information
Ví dụ tích hợp trong câu Band 9:
“The government invested millions in constructing a state-of-the-art environmentally-friendly public transportation system, featuring energy-efficient solar-powered electric buses that serve the densely-populated downtown area.”
Câu Phức & Ghép
Tích hợp nhiều cụm tính từ vào câu phức:
Example 1:
“Although modern high-rise apartments offer convenient integrated facilities, many people still prefer traditional single-story houses because they provide spacious private outdoor areas where children can play safely.”
→ Phân tích:
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với 2 cụm tính từ
- Mệnh đề chính với 2 cụm tính từ khác
- Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung
- Thể hiện complex grammar + adjective range
Example 2:
“While efficient modern glass-fronted offices maximize valuable limited urban space, critics argue that these sterile impersonal environments lack the warm welcoming atmosphere of traditional low-rise brick buildings, which fostered genuine social interaction among colleagues.”
→ Band 9 features:
- Contrast clauses với multiple adjective sequences
- Relative clause integration
- Academic vocabulary (maximize, foster, interaction)
- Natural flow dù có nhiều tính từ
Example 3:
“Having lived in both cramped old downtown apartments and spacious modern suburban houses, I can confidently say that, despite the convenient central location of the former, the peaceful quiet residential neighborhood of the latter provides a superior overall quality of life for families with young active children.”
→ Sophistication:
- Participle clause opening
- Multiple adjective sequences throughout
- Comparative structure
- Natural integration không forced
Sơ đồ minh họa cách kết hợp nhiều cụm tính từ trong câu phức IELTS Writing Task 2
So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự
Opinion Adjectives vs Fact Adjectives – Khi Nào Nhấn Mạnh Gì
| Tiêu chí | Opinion Adjectives | Fact Adjectives |
|---|---|---|
| Vị trí | Luôn đứng đầu (trước fact adj) | Theo thứ tự SASCOMP |
| Ý nghĩa | Đánh giá chủ quan | Mô tả khách quan |
| Có thể tranh cãi | Có (beautiful, ugly, nice) | Không (old, red, wooden) |
| Số lượng tối đa | Thường 1-2, tối đa 3 | Có thể 5-6 |
| Ví dụ | “a beautiful house” | “an old brick house” |
| Test bằng câu hỏi | “How do you feel about it?” | “What facts can you observe?” |
Khi nào nhấn mạnh Opinion:
“I visited a magnificent museum.” → Nhấn mạnh cảm nhận cá nhân
“She wore an elegant dress.” → Đánh giá về style
Khi nào nhấn mạnh Fact:
“The museum is old and large.” → Nhấn mạnh đặc điểm khách quan
“She wore a red cotton dress.” → Mô tả chi tiết có thể verify
Kết hợp cả hai để tạo mô tả đầy đủ:
“I visited a magnificent old European museum with extensive historical collections.”
→ Opinion (magnificent) + Facts (old, European, historical)
Adjective Order vs Adjective Stacking
Adjective Order (Thứ tự chuẩn – dùng cho IELTS):
- Theo quy tắc OSASCOMP cố định
- Không dùng phẩy giữa các tính từ khác loại
- Natural, native-like
- Example: “a beautiful large old round red Italian wooden dining table”
Adjective Stacking (Chồng tính từ – ít dùng, formal writing):
- Nhiều opinion adjectives cùng loại
- Có dùng phẩy hoặc “and”
- Nhấn mạnh cảm xúc mạnh
- Example: “a beautiful, elegant, sophisticated design”
So sánh:
| Adjective Order | Adjective Stacking |
|---|---|
| a beautiful small red car | a beautiful, lovely, gorgeous car |
| Natural, everyday | Emphatic, literary |
| Không phẩy | Có phẩy |
| IELTS recommend | IELTS ít dùng |
Trong IELTS, nên dùng Adjective Order chuẩn vì:
- Tự nhiên hơn
- Thể hiện grammar accuracy
- Native speakers dùng
- Examiner expect
Attributive vs Predicative Position
Attributive adjectives (Trước danh từ):
“She lives in a beautiful old house.”
→ Vị trí: Trước noun
→ Áp dụng thứ tự OSASCOMP
Predicative adjectives (Sau linking verb):
“The house is beautiful and old.”
→ Vị trí: Sau be/seem/look/appear
→ Không cần theo thứ tự nghiêm ngặt
→ Thường dùng “and” nối
Comparison:
| Attributive | Predicative |
|---|---|
| “a comfortable modern chair” | “The chair is comfortable and modern“ |
| Theo thứ tự cố định | Thứ tự linh hoạt hơn |
| Không dùng “and” | Thường dùng “and” |
| Formal, descriptive | Conversational |
Lưu ý cho IELTS:
- Speaking: Cả hai đều dùng, predicative tự nhiên hơn trong conversation
- Writing: Attributive position academic hơn, thể hiện range
Examples in IELTS contexts:
Attributive (Academic Writing Task 2):
“Governments should invest in preserving historic old colonial buildings rather than constructing modern glass-fronted structures.”
Predicative (Speaking Part 1):
“My house is quite old but very comfortable. The design is traditional and beautiful.”
Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa
Lỗi 1: Sai Thứ Tự Tính Từ
❌ SAI:
“I bought a red beautiful large dress.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“I bought a beautiful large red dress.”
Giải thích:
Học viên Việt Nam thường đặt color (red) trước opinion (beautiful) vì trong tiếng Việt có thể nói “chiếc váy đỏ đẹp”. Trong tiếng Anh, OPINION luôn đứng đầu, theo sau là SIZE, rồi mới đến COLOR.
Quy tắc nhớ: Opinion → Size → Color
Ví dụ thêm:
- ❌ “a wooden old beautiful table” → ✅ “a beautiful old wooden table”
- ❌ “a Chinese large ancient temple” → ✅ “a large ancient Chinese temple”
- ❌ “a blue small lovely bag” → ✅ “a lovely small blue bag”
Lưu ý:
Khi không chắc chắn về thứ tự, hãy hỏi bản thân:
- “How do I feel about it?” → Opinion đầu tiên
- “What can I measure/observe?” → Facts theo sau theo SASCOMP
Lỗi 2: Dùng Phẩy Sai
❌ SAI:
“She lives in a beautiful, old, wooden house.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“She lives in a beautiful old wooden house.” (không có phẩy)
Giải thích:
Học viên thường nghĩ rằng nhiều tính từ cần phẩy ngăn cách. Thực tế, khi các tính từ thuộc các loại khác nhau (opinion, age, material) và theo đúng thứ tự OSASCOMP, KHÔNG dùng phẩy.
CHỈ DÙNG PHẨY khi có 2+ opinion adjectives cùng loại:
- ✅ “a beautiful, elegant house” (2 opinions)
- ✅ “an intelligent, hardworking student” (2 opinions)
Test bằng “and”:
- “a beautiful, elegant house” = “a beautiful and elegant house” ✅ (có phẩy)
- “a beautiful old house” ≠ “a beautiful and old house” ❌ (không có phẩy)
Ví dụ thêm:
- ❌ “a large, modern, glass building” → ✅ “a large modern glass building”
- ❌ “a small, round, metal box” → ✅ “a small round metal box”
- ✅ “a comfortable, cozy apartment” (2 opinions – đúng dùng phẩy)
Lỗi 3: Dùng Quá Nhiều Tính Từ
❌ SAI (Unnatural):
“I visited a beautiful magnificent wonderful large huge enormous old ancient historic round circular red crimson Italian European wooden oak table.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“I visited a museum that displays a magnificent large ancient round Italian wooden table.” (tối đa 5-6 tính từ, chọn lọc kỹ)
Giải thích:
Dù grammar đúng, việc dùng quá nhiều tính từ làm câu không tự nhiên. Native speakers hiếm khi dùng hơn 3-4 tính từ liên tiếp. Trong IELTS, 2-4 tính từ là tối ưu.
Nguyên tắc vàng:
- Speaking: 2-3 tính từ (tự nhiên, conversational)
- Writing: 3-4 tính từ (academic nhưng không quá formal)
Cách chọn tính từ hiệu quả:
- Chọn 1 opinion adjective nổi bật nhất
- Chọn 2-3 fact adjectives quan trọng nhất
- Ưu tiên những facts tạo contrast hoặc specific details
Ví dụ cải thiện:
Quá nhiều: “a beautiful nice lovely wonderful old ancient large huge red bright Italian European wooden oak table”
Band 7-8: “a beautiful large ancient Italian wooden table”
→ 1 opinion + 4 facts, balanced
Band 8-9 với context: “a magnificent large 17th-century Italian oak table with intricate carvings”
→ Specific century, specific material (oak not just wooden), + relative clause
Lỗi 4: Nhầm Lẫn Opinion và Fact
❌ SAI:
“It’s a Vietnamese beautiful old temple.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“It’s a beautiful old Vietnamese temple.”
Giải thích:
Học viên thường đặt ORIGIN (Vietnamese) lên đầu vì trong tiếng Việt ta nói “ngôi chùa Việt Nam cổ đẹp”. Nhưng ORIGIN là fact adjective, phải đứng sau opinion và age.
Phân biệt Opinion vs Fact:
| Opinion (Chủ quan) | Fact (Khách quan) |
|---|---|
| beautiful, ugly, nice | Vietnamese (origin) |
| comfortable, delicious | old (age) |
| interesting, boring | red (color) |
| wonderful, terrible | wooden (material) |
Test đơn giản:
- Opinion: Người khác có thể disagree → “I think it’s beautiful” (others may think it’s ugly)
- Fact: Không thể tranh cãi → “It’s Vietnamese” (this is a verifiable fact)
Ví dụ thêm:
- ❌ “a Japanese delicious traditional dish” → ✅ “a delicious traditional Japanese dish”
- ❌ “a metal expensive modern watch” → ✅ “an expensive modern metal watch”
- ❌ “a blue lovely small bag” → ✅ “a lovely small blue bag”
Lỗi 5: Quên Mạo Từ (Articles)
❌ SAI:
“She bought beautiful large old house.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“She bought a beautiful large old house.”
Giải thích:
Khi có nhiều tính từ, học viên dễ quên thêm mạo từ (a/an/the) trước cụm tính từ. Danh từ đếm được số ít trong tiếng Anh BẮT BUỘC phải có article.
Quy tắc articles với adjective phrases:
Indefinite (a/an):
- Dùng “a” nếu tính từ đầu tiên bắt đầu bằng phụ âm: “a beautiful house”
- Dùng “an” nếu tính từ đầu tiên bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm: “an elegant house”
Definite (the):
- Dùng khi specific: “the beautiful old house on the corner”
Không dùng article:
- Danh từ không đếm được: “beautiful furniture” (không cần a/an)
- Danh từ số nhiều nói chung: “beautiful houses” (không cần the)
Ví dụ thêm:
- ❌ “I need comfortable modern chair” → ✅ “I need a comfortable modern chair”
- ❌ “She wore elegant long red dress” → ✅ “She wore an elegant long red dress”
- ✅ “They sell beautiful antique furniture” (uncountable – correct without article)
- ✅ “I love visiting historical buildings” (plural general – correct without the)
Lưu ý đặc biệt:
Khi có possessive hoặc demonstrative, KHÔNG dùng a/an:
- ✅ “my beautiful old house” (không:
a my beautiful old house) - ✅ “this expensive modern car” (không:
a this expensive modern car)
Top 5 Mistakes Vietnamese Learners Make – Summary
1. Đặt COLOR trước OPINION:
- Sai: “a red beautiful dress”
- Đúng: “a beautiful red dress”
- Lý do: Ảnh hưởng của tiếng Việt (“chiếc váy đỏ đẹp”)
2. Dùng phẩy giữa các tính từ khác loại:
- Sai: “a beautiful, old, wooden house”
- Đúng: “a beautiful old wooden house”
- Lý do: Nhầm lẫn với quy tắc liệt kê danh sách
3. Đặt ORIGIN lên đầu:
- Sai: “a Vietnamese beautiful temple”
- Đúng: “a beautiful Vietnamese temple”
- Lý do: Trong tiếng Việt origin thường đứng đầu (“ngôi chùa Việt Nam đẹp”)
4. Quên mạo từ:
- Sai: “She has beautiful house”
- Đúng: “She has a beautiful house”
- Lý do: Tiếng Việt không có mạo từ
5. Nhầm giữa -ED và -ING adjectives khi mô tả:
- Sai: “an exciting old man” (muốn nói: an old man who is excited)
- Đúng: “an excited old man”
- Lưu ý: -ED (feelings), -ING (characteristics)
Infographic minh họa 5 lỗi thường gặp khi sắp xếp thứ tự tính từ của học viên Việt Nam
Bài Tập Thực Hành
Bài Tập 1: Sắp Xếp Thứ Tự Tính Từ
Sắp xếp các tính từ trong ngoặc theo đúng thứ tự:
- I bought a __ (leather / beautiful / black / Italian) jacket.
- She lives in a __ (stone / old / charming / large) cottage.
- They stayed at a __ (modern / five-star / luxurious) hotel.
- He drives a __ (sports / red / expensive / German) car.
- We visited a __ (ancient / impressive / Buddhist / large) temple.
- She wore a __ (silk / elegant / long / blue) dress to the party.
- They have a __ (wooden / small / round / antique) dining table.
- I need a __ (comfortable / new / office / black) chair.
- The museum displays __ (priceless / Chinese / old / ceramic) vases.
- She bought a __ (lovely / Victorian / tiny / gold) ring.
- They’re building a __ (residential / modern / high-rise / glass) tower.
- He collects __ (rare / valuable / French / 19th-century) paintings.
- I stayed in a __ (cozy / little / traditional / mountain) cabin.
- She has a __ (cute / small / white / fluffy) dog.
- We need __ (efficient / modern / energy-saving) appliances.
Bài Tập 2: Tìm và Sửa Lỗi
Tìm lỗi sai về thứ tự tính từ trong các câu sau và sửa lại:
- She bought a red beautiful large dress for the wedding. [❌]
- They live in a wooden old comfortable house in the countryside. [❌]
- I visited an impressive ancient Buddhist temple in Thailand. [✅]
- He drives a German expensive modern sports car. [❌]
- We stayed at a luxurious five-star beachfront hotel. [✅]
- She wore an Italian elegant long silk gown to the event. [❌]
- They have a round small antique wooden table in the dining room. [❌]
- I need comfortable new black leather shoes for work. [✅]
- The gallery exhibits valuable, old, European paintings. [❌]
- He bought a metal small modern Japanese watch. [❌]
- She lives in a charming, little, Victorian cottage. [❌]
- They’re renovating a stone large old farmhouse. [❌]
- I saw beautiful several Chinese antique vases at the auction. [❌]
- We need an efficient modern solar-powered system. [✅]
- She has a cute, white, small dog named Bella. [❌]
Bài Tập 3: Điền Tính Từ Thích Hợp
Hoàn thành câu với các tính từ cho sẵn, sắp xếp đúng thứ tự:
Set 1: (modern / spacious / glass / impressive)
- The company built an __ __ __ office building downtown.
Set 2: (delicious / traditional / Vietnamese)
2. We had a __ __ __ meal at the restaurant.
Set 3: (comfortable / old / large / leather)
3. My grandfather sits in his __ __ __ armchair every evening.
Set 4: (ancient / magnificent / stone / Roman)
4. Tourists admire the __ __ __ amphitheater.
Set 5: (elegant / long / blue / silk)
5. She wore an __ __ __ scarf.
Set 6: (expensive / modern / German / sports)
6. He dreams of owning an __ __ __ car.
Set 7: (cozy / small / mountain / wooden)
7. They rented a __ __ __ cabin for the weekend.
Set 8: (interesting / old / European / cultural)
8. The museum features __ __ __ artifacts.
Set 9: (beautiful / historic / colonial / yellow)
9. The city preserves many __ __ __ buildings.
Set 10: (practical / new / kitchen / stainless-steel)
10. We installed __ __ __ appliances.
Bài Tập 4: Viết Câu Hoàn Chỉnh
Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng các từ gợi ý, thêm tính từ theo thứ tự đúng:
-
(I / want / buy / table / wooden / round / small / dining)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(She / live / house / beautiful / Victorian / large / brick)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(They / visit / temple / ancient / impressive / Buddhist / Thai)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(He / wear / suit / elegant / grey / Italian / silk)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(We / need / curtains / new / thick / living room / blue)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(The city / build / complex / modern / residential / high-rise)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(She / collect / vases / beautiful / Chinese / ceramic / antique)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(I / prefer / furniture / comfortable / contemporary / Scandinavian / wooden)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(They / restore / church / historic / medieval / stone / Gothic)
→ Your answer: ___ -
(He / drive / car / reliable / old / Japanese / family)
→ Your answer: ___
Bài Tập 5: IELTS Speaking Practice
Trả lời các câu hỏi sau, sử dụng ít nhất 3 tính từ theo đúng thứ tự trong mỗi câu:
Part 1 Questions:
-
Q: “Describe your bedroom.”
A: (Use adjectives for furniture, colors, size, materials) -
Q: “What kind of restaurants do you like?”
A: (Use adjectives for food type, origin, atmosphere) -
Q: “Tell me about your hometown.”
A: (Use adjectives for buildings, size, age, characteristics)
Part 2 Task:
Describe a piece of furniture you like. You should say:
- What it is
- Where you got it
- What it looks like
- Why you like it
(Write a 1-2 minute response using multiple adjective sequences)
Part 3 Questions:
-
Q: “How has architecture changed in your country?”
A: (Compare old vs modern buildings using contrasting adjectives) -
Q: “What types of products do people in your country prefer to buy?”
A: (Describe products with origin, quality, price adjectives)
Bài Tập 6: IELTS Writing Practice
Task 1: Describe the changes in a neighborhood (use the information below)
1990:
- Small traditional Vietnamese wooden houses
- Narrow cobblestone streets
- Old local market with food stalls
2024:
- Large modern high-rise residential buildings
- Wide paved multi-lane roads
- Huge air-conditioned shopping mall
Write 2-3 sentences comparing the changes, using proper adjective order.
Task 2: Write a paragraph (100-120 words) for this question:
“Some people prefer living in old traditional houses while others choose modern apartments. Discuss both views.”
Requirements:
- Use at least 6 adjective sequences
- Include both opinion and fact adjectives
- Demonstrate Band 7-8 grammar and vocabulary
Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Đáp Án Bài Tập 1:
-
beautiful black Italian leather jacket
- Opinion (beautiful) + Color (black) + Origin (Italian) + Material (leather)
-
charming large old stone cottage
- Opinion (charming) + Size (large) + Age (old) + Material (stone)
-
luxurious modern five-star hotel
- Opinion (luxurious) + Age (modern) + Quality descriptor (five-star)
-
expensive red German sports car
- Opinion (expensive) + Color (red) + Origin (German) + Purpose (sports)
-
impressive large ancient Buddhist temple
- Opinion (impressive) + Size (large) + Age (ancient) + Purpose (Buddhist)
-
elegant long blue silk dress
- Opinion (elegant) + Size (long) + Color (blue) + Material (silk)
-
small round antique wooden dining table
- Size (small) + Shape (round) + Age (antique) + Material (wooden) + Purpose (dining)
-
comfortable new black office chair
- Opinion (comfortable) + Age (new) + Color (black) + Purpose (office)
-
priceless old Chinese ceramic vases
- Opinion (priceless) + Age (old) + Origin (Chinese) + Material (ceramic)
-
lovely tiny Victorian gold ring
- Opinion (lovely) + Size (tiny) + Age (Victorian) + Material (gold)
-
modern high-rise glass residential tower
- Age (modern) + Size (high-rise) + Material (glass) + Purpose (residential)
-
rare valuable 19th-century French paintings
- Opinion (rare) + Opinion (valuable) + Age (19th-century) + Origin (French)
-
cozy little traditional mountain cabin
- Opinion (cozy) + Size (little) + Age (traditional) + Purpose (mountain)
-
cute small white fluffy dog
- Opinion (cute) + Size (small) + Color (white) + Shape/Texture (fluffy)
-
efficient modern energy-saving appliances
- Opinion (efficient) + Age (modern) + Purpose (energy-saving)
Đáp Án Bài Tập 2:
-
❌ “a red beautiful large dress”
✅ “a beautiful large red dress”- Giải thích: Opinion (beautiful) phải đứng trước Size (large) và Color (red)
-
❌ “a wooden old comfortable house”
✅ “a comfortable old wooden house”- Giải thích: Opinion (comfortable) + Age (old) + Material (wooden)
-
✅ “an impressive ancient Buddhist temple”
- Đúng: Opinion (impressive) + Age (ancient) + Purpose (Buddhist)
-
❌ “a German expensive modern sports car”
✅ “an expensive modern German sports car”- Giải thích: Opinion (expensive) + Age (modern) + Origin (German) + Purpose (sports)
-
✅ “a luxurious five-star beachfront hotel”
- Đúng: Opinion + Descriptor + Purpose/Location
-
❌ “an Italian elegant long silk gown”
✅ “an elegant long Italian silk gown”- Giải thích: Opinion (elegant) + Size (long) + Origin (Italian) + Material (silk)
-
❌ “a round small antique wooden table”
✅ “a small round antique wooden table”- Giải thích: Size (small) + Shape (round) + Age (antique) + Material (wooden)
-
✅ “comfortable new black leather shoes”
- Đúng: Opinion + Age + Color + Material
-
❌ “valuable, old, European paintings”
✅ “valuable old European paintings” (không dùng phẩy)- Giải thích: Các tính từ khác loại không cần phẩy
-
❌ “a metal small modern Japanese watch”
✅ “a small modern Japanese metal watch”- Giải thích: Size (small) + Age (modern) + Origin (Japanese) + Material (metal)
-
❌ “a charming, little, Victorian cottage”
✅ “a charming little Victorian cottage” (không dùng phẩy)- Giải thích: Các tính từ khác loại không cần phẩy ngăn cách
-
❌ “a stone large old farmhouse”
✅ “a large old stone farmhouse”- Giải thích: Size (large) + Age (old) + Material (stone)
-
❌ “beautiful several Chinese antique vases”
✅ “several beautiful antique Chinese vases”- Giải thích: Quantifier (several) + Opinion (beautiful) + Age (antique) + Origin (Chinese)
-
✅ “an efficient modern solar-powered system”
- Đúng: Opinion + Age + Purpose/Type
-
❌ “a cute, white, small dog”
✅ “a cute small white dog” (không dùng phẩy)- Giải thích: Opinion (cute) + Size (small) + Color (white) – không cần phẩy
Đáp Án Bài Tập 3:
-
impressive spacious modern glass office building
- Opinion + Size + Age + Material
-
delicious traditional Vietnamese meal
- Opinion + Age + Origin
-
comfortable large old leather armchair
- Opinion + Size + Age + Material
-
magnificent ancient Roman stone amphitheater
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Material
-
elegant long blue silk scarf
- Opinion + Size + Color + Material
-
expensive modern German sports car
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Purpose
-
cozy small wooden mountain cabin
- Opinion + Size + Material + Purpose
-
interesting old European cultural artifacts
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Purpose
-
beautiful historic yellow colonial buildings
- Opinion + Age + Color + Style
-
practical new stainless-steel kitchen appliances
- Opinion + Age + Material + Purpose
Đáp Án Bài Tập 4:
-
I want to buy a small round wooden dining table.
- Size + Shape + Material + Purpose
-
She lives in a beautiful large Victorian brick house.
- Opinion + Size + Age + Material
-
They visited an impressive ancient Thai Buddhist temple.
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Purpose
-
He wore an elegant grey Italian silk suit.
- Opinion + Color + Origin + Material
-
We need new thick blue living room curtains.
- Age + Size/Quality + Color + Purpose
-
The city is building a modern high-rise residential complex.
- Age + Size + Purpose
-
She collects beautiful antique Chinese ceramic vases.
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Material
-
I prefer comfortable contemporary Scandinavian wooden furniture.
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Material
-
They are restoring a historic medieval Gothic stone church.
- Age + Age + Style + Material
-
He drives a reliable old Japanese family car.
- Opinion + Age + Origin + Purpose
Đáp Án Bài Tập 5 (Sample Answers):
Part 1:
1. Describe your bedroom:
“My bedroom is quite a spacious comfortable modern space. I have a large wooden double bed in the center, and next to it, there’s a small round white bedside table with a lamp. The walls are painted in a soft light blue color, which creates a calm peaceful atmosphere. I particularly love my cozy reading corner near the window, where I’ve placed a comfortable grey fabric armchair.”
2. What kind of restaurants do you like:
“I really enjoy visiting authentic traditional Vietnamese restaurants that serve delicious fresh local cuisine. However, I also appreciate modern stylish international restaurants, especially those with elegant contemporary decor. What matters most to me is having fresh high-quality ingredients and a pleasant welcoming atmosphere.”
3. Tell me about your hometown:
“My hometown is a charming small coastal city in central Vietnam. It has many beautiful old French colonial buildings mixed with modern high-rise structures. The most iconic feature is our ancient historic Buddhist pagoda, which attracts thousands of visitors annually. Recently, the government has built several impressive new public facilities, including a large modern sports complex.”
Part 2 Sample:
“I’d like to describe my favorite piece of furniture, which is a beautiful antique wooden bookshelf that I inherited from my grandmother.”
“It’s quite an impressive large rectangular piece, standing approximately two meters tall. The bookshelf is made from beautiful dark teak wood with intricate traditional Vietnamese carvings along the sides and top. These carvings depict various symbolic cultural motifs that were common in early 20th-century Vietnamese craftsmanship.
What makes it particularly special is the unique curved design of the shelves and the elegant brass handles on the two small storage drawers at the bottom. The wood has a rich deep brown color that has aged beautifully over the decades, giving it a distinctive warm appearance.
I treasure this bookshelf not only because of its stunning aesthetic value but also because it represents a valuable family heirloom. Every time I look at those detailed hand-carved patterns, I’m reminded of my grandmother and the traditional Vietnamese craftsmanship that is becoming increasingly rare in today’s mass-produced modern furniture market. It’s definitely the most meaningful precious item I own.”
Part 3:
4. How has architecture changed in your country:
“Architecture in Vietnam has undergone dramatic significant transformation. In the past, most people lived in traditional single-story wooden houses with characteristic red-tiled roofs and spacious open courtyards. These charming old structures reflected authentic Vietnamese cultural values.
However, today’s landscape is dominated by modern high-rise glass-and-steel buildings and massive residential complexes. While these efficient contemporary structures accommodate our growing urban population better, many people, myself included, feel nostalgic for the distinctive traditional architecture that gave Vietnamese cities their unique cultural identity. Some developers are now attempting to incorporate elegant traditional design elements into new commercial projects, which I think represents a positive welcome trend.”
5. What types of products do people in your country prefer:
“Vietnamese consumers increasingly prefer high-quality imported products, especially reliable Japanese electronic devices and fashionable Korean beauty products. However, there’s also a growing strong trend toward supporting authentic local traditional handicrafts and eco-friendly sustainable goods.
Expensive foreign luxury brands remain popular among wealthy young professionals, but affordable practical Vietnamese-made products still dominate the mainstream mass market. Interestingly, traditional handmade items like beautiful embroidered silk products and unique ceramic pottery are experiencing renewed popularity as people recognize their superior distinctive quality.”
Đáp Án Bài Tập 6:
Task 1 Sample:
“The neighborhood has undergone dramatic transformation over the past three decades. In 1990, the area featured small traditional Vietnamese wooden houses lining narrow cobblestone streets, with residents shopping at an old local market filled with aromatic fresh food stalls. By 2024, these charming historic structures had been replaced by large modern high-rise residential buildings and wide paved multi-lane roads. The atmospheric old covered market has given way to a huge sterile air-conditioned shopping mall, representing the complete modernization of this once traditional quiet residential neighborhood.”
Phân tích:
- 8 adjective sequences sử dụng đúng thứ tự
- Contrast giữa old và new rõ ràng
- Academic vocabulary (undergone, transformation, featured, given way to)
- Band 8 level
Task 2 Sample Paragraph:
“The choice between traditional old houses and modern contemporary apartments often reflects generational preferences and lifestyle priorities. Proponents of traditional single-story homes argue that these spacious private residences offer comfortable independent living spaces with generous outdoor areas where children can play safely. Charming old Vietnamese houses typically feature distinctive cultural architectural elements such as elegant wooden carvings and beautiful ceramic-tiled roofs that connect residents to their heritage. Conversely, advocates of modern high-rise apartments emphasize the convenient integrated facilities and efficient compact designs that suit busy urban lifestyles. These contemporary residential buildings often include useful shared amenities like gyms and pools that individual traditional houses cannot provide. Personally, while I appreciate the nostalgic cultural value of historic old architecture, I believe practical modern apartments better address the pressing urgent housing needs of densely populated cities.”
Phân tích:
- Word count: 134 words (phù hợp)
- Adjective sequences: 18+ cụm (modern contemporary, traditional old, traditional single-story, spacious private, comfortable independent, generous outdoor, charming old Vietnamese, distinctive cultural, elegant wooden, beautiful ceramic-tiled, modern high-rise, convenient integrated, efficient compact, busy urban, contemporary residential, useful shared, individual traditional, nostalgic cultural, historic old, practical modern, pressing urgent)
- Cohesion: Clear argumentation với “Proponents argue… Conversely, advocates emphasize… Personally, I believe…”
- Grammatical range: Complex sentences, relative clauses, parallel structures
- Band level: 8-8.5
Mẫu bài tập thực hành sắp xếp thứ tự tính từ trong IELTS với đáp án chi tiết
Lời Khuyên Từ Examiner
Tips Để Ghi Nhớ Thứ Tự Tính Từ
Phương pháp 1: Câu ghi nhớ
“Opinions Seem Awfully Silly Concerning Old Men’s Prejudices”
- O – Opinion (beautiful, ugly)
- S – Size (big, small)
- A – Age (old, young)
- S – Shape (round, square)
- C – Color (red, blue)
- O – Origin (French, Japanese)
- M – Material (wooden, metal)
- P – Purpose (sleeping, dining)
Phương pháp 2: Hình ảnh hóa
Tưởng tượng bạn mô tả một chiếc bàn từ ngoài vào trong:
- Ý kiến của bạn về nó (beautiful – opinion)
- Kích thước nhìn thấy (large – size)
- Tuổi của nó (old – age)
- Hình dạng (round – shape)
- Màu sắc (brown – color)
- Xuất xứ (Italian – origin)
- Chất liệu khi chạm vào (wooden – material)
- Mục đích sử dụng (dining – purpose)
Phương pháp 3: Practice drills
Mỗi ngày mô tả 5 vật xung quanh bằng 3+ tính từ:
- Chiếc điện thoại: a sleek modern Korean smartphone
- Cái cốc: a beautiful small blue ceramic cup
- Chiếc áo: an elegant long black silk dress
Khi Nào Cần Sử Dụng Trong IELTS
SPEAKING:
Bắt buộc dùng khi:
- Describe a person/place/object (Part 2)
- Giving detailed descriptions (Part 3)
- Making comparisons
Nên dùng:
- 2-3 tính từ cho Part 1 (natural)
- 3-4 tính từ cho Part 2 (detailed but not excessive)
- 2-3 tính từ cho Part 3 (academic but conversational)
WRITING:
Task 1:
- Mô tả process/map có đối tượng cụ thể
- Specific examples trong overview
Task 2:
- Body paragraphs khi cần ví dụ cụ thể
- Supporting details
- Creating vivid examples
Nên dùng:
- 3-4 tính từ cho Writing (formal, academic)
- Không overuse – focus on variety
- Ưu tiên quality over quantity
Thang Điểm Band
Band 5-6:
- Dùng 1-2 tính từ đơn giản
- Thỉnh thoảng sai thứ tự
- Limited range
Band 7:
- Dùng đúng 2-3 tính từ consistently
- Thỉnh thoảng có 4+ adjectives
- Good variety
Band 8:
- Dùng 3-4 tính từ tự nhiên
- Rare mistakes
- Wide range of adjectives
- Natural collocations
Band 9:
- Dùng 4+ tính từ linh hoạt
- No errors
- Sophisticated compound adjectives
- Native-like usage
Tài Nguyên Học Thêm
Practice Materials
Cambridge IELTS Books 15-18:
- Xem Speaking samples trong answer key
- Chú ý adjective sequences trong band 8-9 answers
- Reading passages có nhiều descriptive writing
Recommended Activities:
Daily Practice (15 phút/ngày):
- Chọn 5 vật xung quanh
- Mô tả mỗi vật với 3-4 tính từ
- Check thứ tự bằng quy tắc OSASCOMP
- Record và listen lại
Weekly Practice:
- Viết 1 đoạn mô tả (100 words) với 8+ adjective sequences
- Làm 1 speaking part 2 có focus vào description
- Review và correct errors
Monthly Review:
- Record speaking sample dài
- Self-assess adjective usage
- Identify patterns in mistakes
- Set goals for improvement
Common Collocations To Learn
For Speaking:
- comfortable modern apartment
- traditional local cuisine
- bustling city center
- scenic coastal area
- impressive ancient monument
- spacious outdoor area
- cozy little café
- vibrant local market
For Writing Task 2:
- significant historical landmarks
- substantial economic benefits
- modern technological advances
- traditional cultural values
- comprehensive education system
- sustainable environmental practices
- efficient public transportation
- contemporary social issues
Kết Bài
Việc thành thạo thứ tự tính từ (Opinion và Fact Adjectives) là một kỹ năng quan trọng giúp bạn đạt Band 7-9 trong kỳ thi IELTS. Mặc dù có vẻ phức tạp ban đầu, với công thức OSASCOMP và thực hành đều đặn, bạn sẽ sử dụng các cụm tính từ một cách tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.
Những điểm cần nhớ:
- Opinion adjectives luôn đứng trước Fact adjectives
- Fact adjectives theo thứ tự cố định: Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose
- Không dùng phẩy giữa các tính từ khác loại
- 2-4 tính từ là tối ưu cho IELTS
- Ưu tiên chất lượng và độ tự nhiên hơn số lượng
- Kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức (relative clauses, participles) để đạt Band 8+
Roadmap học tập:
- Week 1-2: Học thuộc quy tắc OSASCOMP, làm bài tập cơ bản
- Week 3-4: Practice mô tả vật xung quanh hàng ngày
- Week 5-6: Tích hợp vào IELTS Speaking Part 2
- Week 7-8: Sử dụng trong IELTS Writing với complex sentences
- Week 9+: Maintain through regular practice
Lỗi phổ biến cần tránh:
- Đặt color trước opinion
- Dùng phẩy không cần thiết
- Dùng quá nhiều tính từ làm câu unnatural
- Quên mạo từ trước cụm tính từ
- Nhầm lẫn opinion và fact adjectives
Hãy nhớ rằng, mục tiêu không phải là “nhồi nhét” càng nhiều tính từ càng tốt, mà là sử dụng chúng một cách tự nhiên, chính xác và phù hợp ngữ cảnh. Examiner đánh giá cao khả năng diễn đạt sophisticated yet natural hơn là việc cố gắng thể hiện quá mức.
Đề Luyện Tập
Speaking Topics (Practice với 3-4 adjective sequences mỗi topic):
-
Describe a building you admire
- Focus: architectural features, materials, age, origin
- Target: 5+ adjective sequences in 2-minute talk
-
Talk about a traditional craft in your country
- Focus: materials, colors, origins, purposes
- Target: Contrast traditional vs modern products
-
Describe changes in your neighborhood
- Focus: Compare old vs new structures
- Target: Use contrasting adjectives effectively
-
Discuss your ideal home
- Focus: Detailed description of rooms, furniture, features
- Target: 8+ adjective sequences with variety
-
Describe a memorable meal
- Focus: Food descriptions, restaurant atmosphere
- Target: Sensory adjectives with proper order
Writing Topics:
Task 1 (Process/Map):
-
Describe changes in a town center between 1980 and 2020
- Requirement: Use 6+ adjective sequences contrasting old/new
-
The diagram shows traditional vs modern house design
- Requirement: Compare materials, sizes, features
Task 2 Essays:
-
“Old buildings should be protected while some believe they should be demolished for modern development. Discuss both views.”
- Requirement: 10+ adjective sequences
- Use contrasting adjectives (traditional vs contemporary, historic vs modern)
-
“People should buy locally-made products rather than imported goods. To what extent do you agree?”
- Requirement: 8+ adjective sequences
- Focus on origin, quality, price adjectives
-
“Modern technology has made life more convenient but less personal. Discuss.”
- Requirement: 10+ adjective sequences
- Compare old vs new technologies with detailed descriptions
Challenge: Band 9 Practice
Write 200 words describing your city’s development, using:
- Minimum 15 adjective sequences
- At least 5 compound adjectives (e.g., solar-powered, glass-fronted)
- Include complex sentences with relative clauses
- Maintain natural flow despite multiple adjectives
Yêu cầu: Mỗi đề phải sử dụng Opinion và Fact adjectives đúng thứ tự, tự nhiên, không lặp pattern. Record speaking answers và tự đánh giá hoặc nhờ giáo viên feedback. Với Writing, focus vào việc integrate adjectives vào complex sentences rather than simple lists.
Chúc các bạn học tốt và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS!
