Mở Bài
Chủ đề về tác động của mạng xã hội là một trong những chủ đề nóng nhất trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading hiện nay. Với sự phát triển vượt bậc của các nền tảng như Facebook, Instagram, TikTok và Twitter, câu hỏi “Does Social Media Have A Positive Or Negative Impact?” không chỉ xuất hiện thường xuyên trong phần thi Reading mà còn trong Writing Task 2 và Speaking Part 3. Theo thống kê từ Cambridge IELTS và British Council, chủ đề Technology và Society chiếm khoảng 15-20% các bài đọc trong những năm gần đây.
Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, bao phủ đầy đủ 40 câu hỏi như trong bài thi thực tế. Bạn sẽ được luyện tập với đa dạng các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, và Summary Completion. Đặc biệt, mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích vị trí trong bài và cách paraphrase, giúp bạn hiểu rõ phương pháp làm bài hiệu quả.
Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên có trình độ từ band 5.0 trở lên, đặc biệt hữu ích cho những bạn đang nhắm đến band 6.5-7.5. Hãy chuẩn bị đồng hồ, giấy nháp và bắt đầu làm bài trong điều kiện tương tự kỳ thi thực tế để đánh giá chính xác năng lực của mình.
1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
IELTS Reading Test là một trong bốn phần thi bắt buộc, đánh giá khả năng đọc hiểu tiếng Anh học thuật của thí sinh. Bài thi kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Điểm số được tính dựa trên số câu trả lời đúng, không bị trừ điểm khi sai.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút
- Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút
- Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút
- Thời gian chép đáp án: 2-3 phút
Lưu ý quan trọng: Không có thời gian bổ sung để chép đáp án trong IELTS Reading (khác với Listening), vì vậy bạn cần quản lý thời gian cẩn thận và chép đáp án trực tiếp lên answer sheet trong khi làm bài.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Lựa chọn đáp án đúng từ các phương án cho sẵn
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hoặc không được nhắc đến
- Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề phù hợp với các đoạn văn
- Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu bằng từ trong bài đọc
- Summary Completion – Điền từ vào đoạn tóm tắt
- Matching Features – Nối thông tin với các đặc điểm tương ứng
- Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn dựa trên thông tin trong bài
Mỗi dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc và chiến lược riêng, được phân tích chi tiết trong phần giải thích đáp án.
2. IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Social Connectivity
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
Social media has fundamentally transformed how people communicate, share information, and build relationships in the 21st century. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn have created unprecedented opportunities for individuals to connect with others across geographical boundaries. With over 4.5 billion active users worldwide as of 2023, social media has become an integral part of daily life for people of all ages.
The positive impacts of social media are numerous and significant. First and foremost, these platforms have revolutionised communication by making it faster, easier, and more accessible. Family members separated by distance can now maintain close relationships through video calls, instant messaging, and photo sharing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media proved essential in helping people stay connected while physical distancing measures were in place. Many individuals reported that social platforms helped them combat loneliness and maintain their mental well-being during lockdowns.
Furthermore, social media has become a powerful tool for education and knowledge sharing. Students can collaborate on projects, access educational content, and learn from experts around the world. Teachers use these platforms to disseminate information, share resources, and create online learning communities. The democratisation of knowledge has meant that quality educational content is no longer restricted to traditional institutions. Anyone with internet access can learn new skills, from cooking and photography to programming and business management.
Small businesses and entrepreneurs have particularly benefited from social media’s reach. These platforms provide cost-effective marketing opportunities that were previously only available to large corporations with substantial advertising budgets. A bakery in a small town can now showcase its products to thousands of potential customers through Instagram posts. Artisans and craftspeople can sell their creations directly to consumers worldwide through Facebook Marketplace or Pinterest. This has led to the emergence of numerous micro-businesses and has contributed to economic growth in many communities.
Social media also plays a crucial role in social movements and raising awareness about important issues. The #MeToo movement, Black Lives Matter, and climate change activism have all gained momentum through social media platforms. These digital spaces allow marginalised voices to be heard and enable rapid mobilisation of support for various causes. Citizens can hold governments and corporations accountable by sharing information and organising collective action more easily than ever before.
However, the negative consequences of social media cannot be ignored. One of the most pressing concerns is its impact on mental health, particularly among young people. Studies have shown a correlation between heavy social media use and increased rates of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The constant exposure to carefully curated images of others’ lives can lead to unhealthy comparisons and feelings of inadequacy. Cyberbullying has also become a serious problem, with victims experiencing harassment that follows them beyond school or work into their homes.
Privacy issues represent another significant challenge. Social media companies collect vast amounts of personal data, which can be used for targeted advertising or, in worse cases, sold to third parties without users’ full understanding or consent. There have been numerous data breaches exposing the personal information of millions of users. The Cambridge Analytica scandal highlighted how personal data could be exploited for political manipulation, raising serious questions about user privacy and platform responsibility.
The spread of misinformation and fake news through social media has become a global concern. False information can spread rapidly across these platforms, often faster than fact-checkers can debunk it. This has serious implications for public health, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccine misinformation proliferated on social platforms. It also affects democratic processes, with false narratives potentially influencing election outcomes and undermining public trust in institutions.
Despite these challenges, many experts believe the solution lies not in abandoning social media but in using it more mindfully and responsibly. Digital literacy education can help users critically evaluate information they encounter online. Platforms are increasingly implementing measures to combat misinformation, such as fact-checking labels and algorithm adjustments. Regulatory frameworks are being developed to protect user privacy and ensure platforms are held accountable for the content they host. Tương tự như the role of AI in improving productivity, việc ứng dụng công nghệ vào mạng xã hội đòi hỏi sự cân bằng giữa lợi ích và rủi ro tiềm ẩn.
The debate over social media’s overall impact continues, but what remains clear is that these platforms are here to stay. As technology continues to evolve, so too will social media, bringing both new opportunities and new challenges. The key to maximising benefits while minimising harm lies in collective responsibility – from platform developers and regulators to individual users who must become more conscious consumers of digital content.
Ảnh minh họa tác động của mạng xã hội đến giao tiếp và kết nối con người trong thời đại số
Questions 1-13
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
- Social media has more than 4.5 billion users globally in 2023.
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media was the only way people could communicate.
- Educational content on social media is only available to students enrolled in universities.
- Small businesses can now advertise their products more affordably through social media.
- All social movements have been successful because of social media support.
Questions 6-9
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
- The Cambridge Analytica scandal revealed how personal data could be used for __.
- False information can spread more quickly than fact-checkers can __ it.
- Vaccine misinformation became widespread on social platforms during the __ pandemic.
- Experts suggest that __ education can help users assess online information more critically.
Questions 10-13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
-
According to the passage, what is one way social media helps small businesses?
- A. It provides free products to sell
- B. It offers affordable marketing opportunities
- C. It guarantees increased profits
- D. It eliminates all competition
-
The passage suggests that social media’s impact on mental health is:
- A. completely positive
- B. only affecting older people
- C. particularly concerning for young people
- D. not supported by any research
-
What does the passage say about privacy on social media?
- A. It is completely protected by all platforms
- B. Users always understand how their data is used
- C. Companies collect large amounts of personal data
- D. Data breaches never happen
-
The author’s overall view of social media is that:
- A. it should be banned completely
- B. its benefits outweigh all negatives
- C. it requires mindful and responsible use
- D. only young people should use it
PASSAGE 2 – The Psychology Behind Social Media Engagement
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
Understanding why social media is so compelling requires delving into the psychological mechanisms that make these platforms inherently addictive. At the core of this phenomenon lies the concept of variable reward schedules, a principle first identified by psychologist B.F. Skinner in his groundbreaking research on operant conditioning. When users scroll through their feeds, they never know exactly when they’ll encounter content that resonates with them – a funny video, an interesting article, or a message from a friend. This unpredictability triggers the release of dopamine, the brain’s “reward chemical,” creating a reinforcement loop that encourages continued engagement.
The architecture of social media platforms is meticulously designed to exploit these psychological vulnerabilities. Features such as infinite scrolling, where content continuously loads without a natural stopping point, eliminate the traditional cues that signal users to stop consuming content. The autoplay function for videos capitalises on our tendency toward passive consumption, making it remarkably easy to watch “just one more” video. Notification badges, with their bright red colour – deliberately chosen for its attention-grabbing properties – create a sense of urgency and fear of missing out (FOMO) that compels users to check their devices repeatedly throughout the day.
Social validation through “likes,” comments, and shares constitutes another powerful psychological driver. When someone receives positive feedback on their posts, their brain experiences a reward response similar to winning money or eating chocolate. This neurological reaction is particularly potent during adolescence, when the brain’s reward centres are hypersensitive and individuals are especially concerned with peer approval. Consequently, many young people develop anxiety around their social media presence, constantly curating their online personas to maximise positive reactions and minimise negative ones.
Comparative psychology reveals that humans have an innate tendency toward social comparison, and social media amplifies this natural inclination exponentially. Psychologist Leon Festinger postulated in his Social Comparison Theory that people determine their own worth based on how they stack up against others. However, social media presents a distorted reality where users predominantly showcase their best moments, filtered photographs, and carefully crafted narratives of success. This creates an unrealistic benchmark that fosters feelings of inadequacy and envy among viewers. Research conducted by the University of Pennsylvania found that limiting social media use to 30 minutes per day significantly reduced feelings of loneliness and depression among participants, suggesting a direct correlation between excessive platform engagement and deteriorating mental well-being.
The concept of “phubbing” – phone snubbing, or ignoring someone in favour of one’s mobile device – illustrates how social media interferes with in-person interactions. A study published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology found that the mere presence of a smartphone on a table during a conversation diminished the quality of that interaction and reduced feelings of closeness between participants. This phenomenon suggests that social media’s impact extends beyond individual psychology to affect the fundamental nature of human relationships and social cohesion. Đối với những ai quan tâm đến the rise of remote working and its effect on office space demand, việc hiểu rõ tác động tâm lý của công nghệ số là điều cần thiết.
Interestingly, research also demonstrates that social media can foster genuine connections and combat isolation when used intentionally. Dr. Jeffrey Hall from the University of Kansas discovered that it takes approximately 50 hours of interaction to move from acquaintance to casual friend, and more than 200 hours to become close friends. While social media interactions don’t substitute for face-to-face time entirely, they can facilitate relationship maintenance and help people stay connected across distances. The key distinction appears to be between passive consumption – mindlessly scrolling through feeds – and active engagement, such as meaningful conversations and intentional connection with specific individuals.
The algorithmic curation of content presents both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, personalised feeds can efficiently deliver relevant information and connect users with like-minded individuals and communities. On the other hand, this personalisation can create “filter bubbles” or “echo chambers” where users are primarily exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs and opinions. This phenomenon, identified by internet activist Eli Pariser, can contribute to political polarisation and make it difficult for people to understand perspectives different from their own. Algorithms optimised for engagement tend to promote emotionally charged content, which often means controversial or divisive material receives disproportionate visibility.
Neurological studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that social media activates the same brain regions associated with substance addiction. The ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, both central to the brain’s reward system, show increased activity when people view content they find engaging. Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and impulse control, shows decreased activity during prolonged social media use, mirroring patterns seen in substance dependence. These findings have led some researchers to argue that social media platforms should be regulated similarly to other potentially addictive products.
The parasocial relationships that develop between social media users and influencers or celebrities represent another intriguing psychological dimension. These one-sided connections, where individuals feel they know public figures intimately despite never having met them, can fulfil certain social needs. However, they can also create unrealistic expectations about relationships, lifestyle, and personal achievement. The curated nature of influencer content often obscures the substantial resources – time, money, and professional support – that underpin their seemingly effortless lives.
Emerging research suggests that the impact of social media may vary considerably based on how platforms are used and individual psychological characteristics. People with pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities, such as tendencies toward anxiety or depression, may be disproportionately affected by negative aspects of social media. Conversely, individuals with strong offline social networks and healthy coping mechanisms may derive primarily benefits from their online interactions. This nuanced understanding underscores the importance of personalised approaches to social media use rather than blanket recommendations.
As our understanding of social media’s psychological impact deepens, there is growing recognition that digital well-being should be incorporated into platform design. Some companies have begun implementing features like usage tracking, scheduled breaks, and options to hide like counts to mitigate potentially harmful effects. However, critics argue that these measures are insufficient given that platforms’ business models fundamentally depend on maximising user engagement. They suggest that meaningful change will require regulatory intervention and a fundamental rethinking of how social media companies operate and generate revenue.
Questions 14-26
Questions 14-18
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-x.
List of Headings:
- i. The neuroscience of social media addiction
- ii. Variable reward schedules and dopamine
- iii. How social media affects face-to-face communication
- iv. Social validation and peer approval
- v. The benefits of active versus passive engagement
- vi. Filter bubbles and echo chambers
- vii. The role of algorithms in content delivery
- viii. Social comparison and mental health
- ix. Platform design features that increase engagement
- x. Parasocial relationships with influencers
- Paragraph B (The architecture of social media platforms…)
- Paragraph C (Social validation through “likes,” comments…)
- Paragraph D (Comparative psychology reveals that humans…)
- Paragraph E (The concept of “phubbing”…)
- Paragraph F (Interestingly, research also demonstrates…)
Questions 19-23
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Social media platforms use various psychological principles to keep users engaged. The concept of 19. __ means users never know when they’ll find interesting content, triggering dopamine release. Features like 20. __ remove natural stopping points, while the 21. __ for videos encourages passive watching. During adolescence, the brain’s 22. __ are particularly sensitive, making young people especially vulnerable to seeking social approval online. Research suggests that limiting social media to 23. __ per day can reduce feelings of loneliness and depression.
Questions 24-26
Choose THREE letters, A-G.
Which THREE of the following does the passage mention as negative psychological effects of social media?
A. Improved decision-making abilities
B. Creation of filter bubbles
C. Enhanced impulse control
D. Activation of addiction-related brain regions
E. Better understanding of different perspectives
F. Development of unrealistic expectations
G. Increased face-to-face interaction quality
PASSAGE 3 – Societal Transformation and the Social Media Paradigm
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The advent of social media has precipitated a paradigmatic shift in the sociocultural landscape, fundamentally altering not merely how individuals communicate but the very fabric of social organisation, political discourse, economic structures, and epistemological frameworks. This transformation represents what communication theorist Marshall McLuhan might have termed a “global village” realised, albeit with ramifications far more complex and contradictory than his mid-20th-century prognostications could have anticipated. The dialectical nature of social media’s impact necessitates an examination that transcends simplistic binaries of positive versus negative, instead embracing a more nuanced analysis of its multifaceted consequences across various domains of human activity.
From a sociological perspective, social media has engendered new forms of collective behaviour and social movements characterised by what Castells terms “networked individualism.” The horizontal communication networks facilitated by these platforms have democratised the dissemination of information, enabling grassroots mobilisation that bypasses traditional hierarchical structures and gatekeeping mechanisms. The Arab Spring uprisings of 2010-2012 exemplified this phenomenon, with social media serving as a catalyst for coordinating protests and circumventing state-controlled media. Similarly, the #MeToo movement demonstrated social media’s capacity to amplify previously marginalised voices and effectuate substantive cultural change regarding issues of sexual harassment and gender inequality.
However, this democratisation is inherently paradoxical. While social media ostensibly provides equitable access to platforms for expression, algorithmic mediation creates new forms of hierarchy and inequality. The concentration of ownership among a few multinational corporations – Meta (Facebook/Instagram), Twitter, TikTok – means that ostensibly public discourse occurs within privately controlled spaces subject to opaque content moderation policies and profit-driven algorithmic prioritisation. Sociologist Zeynep Tufekci argues that this creates an illusion of empowerment while actually reinforcing existing power structures, as platforms can selectively amplify or suppress content based on commercial considerations rather than democratic principles.
The epistemological implications of social media are particularly profound. Traditional epistemology relied on established institutions – academia, journalism, scientific communities – to serve as arbiters of knowledge and truth. Social media has disrupted this model, creating what philosopher Gloria Origgi calls a “reputation economy” where the perceived credibility of information often depends more on social endorsement and virality than epistemic quality. This shift has contributed to the proliferation of misinformation, conspiracy theories, and what political commentator Farhad Manjoo terms “post-truth discourse,” where subjective beliefs and emotional appeals supersede empirical evidence in shaping public opinion.
Cognitive scientists have identified several mechanisms through which social media exacerbates epistemic challenges. The illusory truth effect, whereby repeated exposure to information increases perceived veracity regardless of actual accuracy, is amplified by social media’s content recycling through shares and retweets. Confirmation bias – the tendency to seek out and favour information that confirms pre-existing beliefs – is reinforced by personalised algorithms that create what Eli Pariser terms “filter bubbles.” Motivated reasoning, where individuals evaluate evidence through the lens of desired conclusions, is intensified in the emotionally charged environment of social media discourse. These cognitive phenomena collectively undermine the collective intelligence that democratic societies require for informed decision-making.
The economic ramifications of social media extend beyond the substantial market capitalisation of platform companies. These platforms have created entirely new economic models based on “surveillance capitalism,” a term coined by Shoshana Zuboff to describe the commodification of personal data for predictive analytics and behavioural modification. This model represents a fundamental transformation in capitalism’s operational logic, where the raw material being extracted is human experience itself, converted into behavioural data and then into predictions about future behaviour that are sold to advertisers and other third parties. The ethical implications of this model are substantial, raising questions about autonomy, informed consent, and the boundaries between persuasion and manipulation.
Moreover, social media has reconfigured labour markets and professional identities. The emergence of the “influencer economy” has created new career pathways that blur boundaries between personal life and commercial activity, between authentic expression and sponsored content. This precarious form of labour, characterised by income volatility and algorithmic dependency, reflects broader trends toward flexible accumulation in post-industrial capitalism. Simultaneously, these platforms have facilitated the growth of the gig economy, with companies using social media to coordinate on-demand labour while minimising traditional employer responsibilities. Một ví dụ chi tiết về how climate change affects global crop yields cho thấy cách mạng xã hội cũng thay đổi việc chia sẻ thông tin về các vấn đề toàn cầu quan trọng.
From a developmental psychology perspective, social media’s impact on identity formation is particularly salient for adolescents and young adults. Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development emphasises adolescence as a critical period for identity consolidation, traditionally occurring through experimentation with different social roles in relatively contained contexts. Social media fundamentally alters this process by making identity experimentation permanently visible, searchable, and subject to public evaluation. This “context collapse,” where multiple audiences that would ordinarily be separated – family, peers, teachers, potential employers – simultaneously observe the same self-presentation, creates new developmental challenges and anxieties.
Neuroplasticity research suggests that heavy social media use during formative years may literally reshape neural architecture, particularly in brain regions governing attention, impulse control, and social cognition. Longitudinal studies indicate associations between adolescent social media use and altered trajectories in the development of the prefrontal cortex, which continues maturing into the mid-20s. However, causality in these relationships remains contentious, with researchers debating whether social media causes these neurological changes or whether individuals with certain pre-existing neural characteristics are differentially attracted to and affected by these platforms.
The geopolitical dimension of social media constitutes another critical consideration. These platforms have become instruments of statecraft, used both to promote democratic values and to facilitate authoritarian control. The US State Department initially hailed social media as “liberation technology,” but subsequent events – Russian interference in the 2016 US election, Chinese government deployment of social media for surveillance and propaganda, Myanmar’s military exploitation of Facebook to incite violence against the Rohingya – have revealed their potential as tools of political manipulation and oppression. The transnational nature of these platforms creates jurisdictional challenges, as companies must navigate conflicting regulatory frameworks and normative expectations across diverse political contexts.
Critical race theorists and feminist scholars have examined how social media simultaneously challenges and reinforces existing hierarchies of race, gender, and other social categories. While these platforms have amplified marginalised voices and facilitated consciousness-raising around issues of systemic oppression, they have also become vectors for harassment, hate speech, and coordinated abuse disproportionately targeting women, people of colour, and other vulnerable groups. The anonymity and distance afforded by online communication can disinhibit aggressive behaviour, while algorithmic amplification can magnify the reach and impact of hate content. Intersectional analysis reveals that individuals with multiple marginalised identities face compounded risks in these digital environments.
Environmental considerations increasingly figure in assessments of social media’s impact. The computational infrastructure underlying these platforms – data centres, server farms, network equipment – consumes enormous amounts of energy and contributes substantially to carbon emissions. As concerns about climate change intensify, the environmental footprint of social media and the digital economy more broadly has become a significant ethical consideration. Additionally, the constant churn of devices necessitated by planned obsolescence and platform updates creates substantial electronic waste, with hazardous components often disposed of in ways that harm both human health and ecosystems.
Looking forward, several trajectories appear plausible. One possibility is increased regulation, with governments imposing transparency requirements, data protection standards, and antitrust measures to curb platform power. The European Union’s Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act represent significant steps in this direction. Alternatively, technological solutions such as decentralised social networks based on blockchain technology or federated models might redistribute power away from centralised platforms. Yet another possibility is cultural adaptation, where societies develop new norms and practices around social media use that mitigate harmful effects while preserving benefits. Most likely, the future will involve some combination of these approaches, shaped by ongoing contestation between various stakeholders with divergent interests and values.
The question of whether social media has a positive or negative impact defies simple resolution because it presupposes a singular impact rather than recognising the heterogeneous and context-dependent nature of these platforms’ effects. A more productive approach acknowledges that social media constitutes a sociotechnical system whose consequences are contingent on design choices, regulatory frameworks, cultural practices, and patterns of use. The challenge facing contemporary societies is not to categorically embrace or reject social media but to cultivate the critical awareness, institutional structures, and ethical frameworks necessary to navigate this complex landscape in ways that promote human flourishing while minimising potential harms. This endeavour requires collaborative effort across multiple domains – technological innovation, policy development, educational reform, and cultural critique – to shape the future of social media in alignment with democratic values and human welfare.
Hình ảnh minh họa các tác động đa chiều của mạng xã hội lên cấu trúc xã hội đương đại
Questions 27-40
Questions 27-31
Complete the summary using the list of words/phrases, A-L, below.
The sociological impact of social media is complex and 27. __. While platforms have enabled 28. __ that bypass traditional power structures, this democratisation is 29. __ because algorithmic control creates new hierarchies. Social media has disrupted traditional 30. __ frameworks, where established institutions served as arbiters of truth. This has contributed to a “31. __” where subjective beliefs often supersede empirical evidence.
A. epistemological
B. grassroots mobilisation
C. paradoxical
D. straightforward
E. post-truth discourse
F. commercial advertising
G. contradictory
H. centralised control
I. scientific method
J. reputation economy
K. filter bubbles
L. social validation
Questions 32-36
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage?
Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
- The Arab Spring uprisings demonstrated social media’s ability to facilitate political mobilisation.
- All social movements using social media have achieved their objectives.
- Social media platforms are owned by democratically controlled public organisations.
- The illusory truth effect makes repeated information seem more credible regardless of accuracy.
- Blockchain technology will definitely replace current social media platforms.
Questions 37-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
-
According to the passage, “surveillance capitalism” refers to:
- A. government monitoring of social media users
- B. the commodification of personal data for profit
- C. security cameras in public spaces
- D. police using social media for investigations
-
The passage suggests that social media’s impact on adolescent identity formation is:
- A. entirely beneficial
- B. completely harmful
- C. made more complex by permanent visibility
- D. identical to traditional identity development
-
What does the author say about the neuroplasticity research regarding social media use?
- A. It proves social media damages the brain
- B. It shows no relationship between social media and brain development
- C. The causality in these relationships is still debated
- D. It only affects adults, not adolescents
-
The author’s overall conclusion about social media is that:
- A. it should be banned immediately
- B. its impact is too complex for simple positive/negative categorisation
- C. only the positive impacts are significant
- D. technological solutions alone can solve all problems
3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- TRUE
- FALSE
- FALSE
- TRUE
- NOT GIVEN
- political manipulation
- debunk
- COVID-19 / Coronavirus
- digital literacy
- B
- C
- C
- C
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- ix
- iv
- viii
- iii
- v
- variable reward schedules
- infinite scrolling
- autoplay function
- reward centres
- 30 minutes
- B
- D
- F
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- G
- B
- C
- A
- E
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- NO
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- B
- C
- C
- B
4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: 4.5 billion users, globally, 2023
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn A, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “With over 4.5 billion active users worldwide as of 2023” – tức là có hơn 4.5 tỷ người dùng, hoàn toàn khớp với thông tin trong câu hỏi.
Câu 2: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: COVID-19 pandemic, only way, communicate
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ nói social media “proved essential” và “helped them combat loneliness” chứ không nói đây là cách duy nhất (only way) để giao tiếp. Từ “only” làm cho câu hỏi mâu thuẫn với thông tin trong bài.
Câu 3: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: educational content, only available, students enrolled in universities
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “quality educational content is no longer restricted to traditional institutions” và “Anyone with internet access can learn new skills” – điều này trái ngược hoàn toàn với việc chỉ sinh viên đại học mới tiếp cận được.
Câu 4: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: small businesses, advertise, more affordably
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 2-4
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “These platforms provide cost-effective marketing opportunities” – cost-effective được paraphrase thành “more affordably” trong câu hỏi, hoàn toàn khớp ý nghĩa.
Câu 5: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: all social movements, successful
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn E
- Giải thích: Bài đọc chỉ đề cập social media giúp các phong trào “gained momentum” và “mobilisation of support” nhưng không nói về việc tất cả (all) đều thành công (successful). Đây là thông tin không được đề cập.
Câu 6: political manipulation
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: Cambridge Analytica scandal, personal data
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn G, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “The Cambridge Analytica scandal highlighted how personal data could be exploited for political manipulation” – đáp án chính xác là “political manipulation”, nằm trong giới hạn 2 từ.
Câu 7: debunk
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: false information, spread, fact-checkers
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn H, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “False information can spread rapidly across these platforms, often faster than fact-checkers can debunk it” – động từ “debunk” (bác bỏ, vạch trần) chính là đáp án.
Câu 8: COVID-19 / Coronavirus
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: vaccine misinformation, pandemic
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn H, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Bài viết nhắc đến “during the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccine misinformation proliferated” – cả “COVID-19” hoặc “Coronavirus” đều được chấp nhận.
Câu 9: digital literacy
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: education, help users, critically evaluate, online information
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn I, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Digital literacy education can help users critically evaluate information they encounter online” – đáp án là “digital literacy”.
Câu 10: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: small businesses, social media helps
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D
- Giải thích: Đoạn D nói rõ “These platforms provide cost-effective marketing opportunities” cho doanh nghiệp nhỏ, tương ứng với đáp án B “It offers affordable marketing opportunities”. Các đáp án khác không được đề cập hoặc sai.
Câu 11: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: mental health impact
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn F, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “its impact on mental health, particularly among young people” – từ “particularly” cho thấy tác động đặc biệt quan ngại với người trẻ, tương ứng đáp án C.
Câu 12: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: privacy, social media
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn G
- Giải thích: Đoạn G nói “Social media companies collect vast amounts of personal data” – khớp với đáp án C “Companies collect large amounts of personal data”.
Câu 13: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: author’s overall view
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn I và J
- Giải thích: Đoạn I nói “the solution lies not in abandoning social media but in using it more mindfully and responsibly” – tương ứng với đáp án C “it requires mindful and responsible use”. Tác giả không chủ trương cấm hoàn toàn hay chỉ nhấn mạnh mặt tích cực.
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: ix (Platform design features that increase engagement)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: Đoạn B tập trung vào “the architecture of social media platforms” và các tính năng như “infinite scrolling”, “autoplay function”, “notification badges” – tất cả đều là design features được thiết kế để tăng engagement.
Câu 15: iv (Social validation and peer approval)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph C
- Giải thích: Đoạn C nói về “Social validation through likes, comments, and shares” và nhấn mạnh vai trò của “peer approval” đặc biệt ở thanh thiếu niên.
Câu 16: viii (Social comparison and mental health)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph D
- Giải thích: Đoạn D đề cập đến “Social Comparison Theory”, “comparative psychology” và tác động đến mental health như “feelings of inadequacy”, “loneliness and depression”.
Câu 17: iii (How social media affects face-to-face communication)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph E
- Giải thích: Đoạn E giới thiệu khái niệm “phubbing” và nói về how social media “interferes with in-person interactions” và “diminished the quality of that interaction”.
Câu 18: v (The benefits of active versus passive engagement)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph F
- Giải thích: Đoạn F đối lập giữa “passive consumption” (mindlessly scrolling) và “active engagement” (meaningful conversations), nhấn mạnh sự khác biệt trong tác động.
Câu 19: variable reward schedules
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph A, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “the concept of variable reward schedules” là cơ chế khiến người dùng không biết khi nào sẽ gặp nội dung thú vị.
Câu 20: infinite scrolling
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Features such as infinite scrolling, where content continuously loads without a natural stopping point, eliminate the traditional cues” – chính xác là tính năng loại bỏ điểm dừng tự nhiên.
Câu 21: autoplay function
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “The autoplay function for videos capitalises on our tendency toward passive consumption” – đây là tính năng khuyến khích xem video thụ động.
Câu 22: reward centres
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph C, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “particularly potent during adolescence, when the brain’s reward centres are hypersensitive” – đáp án chính xác.
Câu 23: 30 minutes
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph D, dòng 8-10
- Giải thích: “Research conducted by the University of Pennsylvania found that limiting social media use to 30 minutes per day significantly reduced feelings of loneliness and depression” – con số cụ thể là 30 minutes.
Câu 24-26: B, D, F
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Selection (Choose THREE)
- Giải thích:
- B (Creation of filter bubbles): Đoạn G đề cập rõ về “filter bubbles” hoặc “echo chambers” là hệ quả tiêu cực.
- D (Activation of addiction-related brain regions): Đoạn H nói về fMRI studies showing “social media activates the same brain regions associated with substance addiction”.
- F (Development of unrealistic expectations): Đoạn I nhắc đến parasocial relationships tạo “unrealistic expectations about relationships, lifestyle, and personal achievement”.
- Các đáp án khác (A, C, E, G) đều là tác động tích cực hoặc không được đề cập trong bài.
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: G (contradictory)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn A, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu gốc nói về “ramifications far more complex and contradictory” – từ “contradictory” (mâu thuẫn, nghịch lý) phù hợp với ngữ cảnh tác động phức tạp của mạng xã hội.
Câu 28: B (grassroots mobilisation)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “enabling grassroots mobilisation that bypasses traditional hierarchical structures” – đây chính xác là cụm từ trong bài nói về vận động cơ sở vượt qua cấu trúc quyền lực truyền thống.
Câu 29: C (paradoxical)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 1
- Giải thích: “However, this democratisation is inherently paradoxical” – từ “paradoxical” (nghịch lý) chính là đáp án mô tả tính chất mâu thuẫn của quá trình dân chủ hóa.
Câu 30: A (epistemological)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: “The epistemological implications of social media” và “Traditional epistemology relied on established institutions” – rõ ràng đang nói về epistemological frameworks (khung nhận thức luận).
Câu 31: E (post-truth discourse)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 6-7
- Giải thích: Bài viết nhắc đến “what political commentator Farhad Manjoo terms ‘post-truth discourse,’ where subjective beliefs and emotional appeals supersede empirical evidence” – chính xác là đáp án cần điền.
Câu 32: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “The Arab Spring uprisings of 2010-2012 exemplified this phenomenon, with social media serving as a catalyst for coordinating protests” – tác giả đồng ý rằng Arab Spring là ví dụ về khả năng vận động chính trị của mạng xã hội.
Câu 33: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B
- Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ đề cập một số phong trào sử dụng mạng xã hội nhưng không bao giờ nói tất cả (all) đều đạt được mục tiêu. Không có thông tin về tỷ lệ thành công.
Câu 34: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 3-5
- Giải thích: “The concentration of ownership among a few multinational corporations” và “ostensibly public discourse occurs within privately controlled spaces” – rõ ràng mâu thuẫn với việc được kiểm soát dân chủ công khai.
Câu 35: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn E, dòng 2-4
- Giải thích: “The illusory truth effect, whereby repeated exposure to information increases perceived veracity regardless of actual accuracy” – tác giả xác nhận hiệu ứng này làm thông tin lặp lại có vẻ đáng tin hơn bất kể độ chính xác.
Câu 36: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn cuối
- Giải thích: Đoạn cuối chỉ nói blockchain là một “possibility” (khả năng) không phải “will definitely” (chắc chắn sẽ). Không có thông tin khẳng định chắc chắn về tương lai này.
Câu 37: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn F, dòng 2-5
- Giải thích: “surveillance capitalism, a term coined by Shoshana Zuboff to describe the commodification of personal data for predictive analytics and behavioural modification” – rõ ràng là việc biến dữ liệu cá nhân thành hàng hóa để kiếm lợi nhuận (đáp án B).
Câu 38: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn H, dòng 4-8
- Giải thích: “Social media fundamentally alters this process by making identity experimentation permanently visible, searchable, and subject to public evaluation” – điều này làm quá trình hình thành bản sắc phức tạp hơn do tính hiển thị vĩnh viễn (đáp án C).
Câu 39: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn I, dòng cuối
- Giải thích: “However, causality in these relationships remains contentious, with researchers debating whether social media causes these neurological changes” – tác giả nói rõ mối quan hệ nhân quả vẫn đang được tranh luận (đáp án C).
Câu 40: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn cuối, dòng 1-4
- Giải thích: “The question of whether social media has a positive or negative impact defies simple resolution because it presupposes a singular impact rather than recognising the heterogeneous and context-dependent nature” – tác giả kết luận rằng tác động quá phức tạp để phân loại đơn giản tích cực/tiêu cực (đáp án B).
5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fundamentally transformed | adv + v | /ˌfʌndəˈmentəli trænsˈfɔːmd/ | thay đổi căn bản | Social media has fundamentally transformed how people communicate | fundamentally change/alter |
| unprecedented | adj | /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ | chưa từng có | created unprecedented opportunities | unprecedented opportunity/growth |
| geographical boundaries | n phrase | /ˌdʒiːəˈgræfɪkəl ˈbaʊndəriz/ | ranh giới địa lý | connect with others across geographical boundaries | cross/transcend boundaries |
| integral part | adj + n | /ˈɪntɪgrəl pɑːt/ | phần thiết yếu | become an integral part of daily life | play an integral part |
| combat loneliness | v + n | /ˈkɒmbæt ˈləʊnlinəs/ | chống lại sự cô đơn | helped them combat loneliness | combat/fight loneliness |
| disseminate | v | /dɪˈsemɪneɪt/ | phổ biến, lan truyền | disseminate information | disseminate information/knowledge |
| democratisation | n | /dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ | quá trình dân chủ hóa | The democratisation of knowledge | democratisation of education |
| cost-effective | adj | /kɒst ɪˈfektɪv/ | tiết kiệm chi phí | cost-effective marketing opportunities | cost-effective solution/method |
| marginalised voices | adj + n | /ˈmɑːdʒɪnəlaɪzd ˈvɔɪsɪz/ | tiếng nói bị gạt ra ngoài lề | allow marginalised voices to be heard | amplify marginalised voices |
| correlation | n | /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/ | mối tương quan | correlation between heavy social media use and anxiety | strong/positive correlation |
| curated | adj | /kjʊəˈreɪtɪd/ | được chọn lọc cẩn thận | carefully curated images | carefully/highly curated |
| proliferated | v | /prəˈlɪfəreɪtɪd/ | lan rộng, tăng nhanh | vaccine misinformation proliferated | proliferate rapidly/widely |
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compelling | adj | /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ | hấp dẫn, thuyết phục | why social media is so compelling | compelling evidence/argument |
| delving into | v phrase | /ˈdelvɪŋ ˈɪntuː/ | đào sâu vào | requires delving into the psychological mechanisms | delve into details/history |
| inherently | adv | /ɪnˈherəntli/ | vốn có, tự nhiên | inherently addictive | inherently difficult/dangerous |
| groundbreaking | adj | /ˈgraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ | mang tính đột phá | groundbreaking research | groundbreaking research/discovery |
| resonates | v | /ˈrezəneɪts/ | gây được tiếng vang | content that resonates with them | resonate with audience |
| meticulously designed | adv + adj | /məˈtɪkjələsli dɪˈzaɪnd/ | được thiết kế tỉ mỉ | meticulously designed to exploit | meticulously planned/crafted |
| capitalises on | v phrase | /ˈkæpɪtəlaɪzɪz ɒn/ | tận dụng, lợi dụng | capitalises on our tendency | capitalise on opportunities |
| hypersensitive | adj | /ˌhaɪpəˈsensətɪv/ | cực kỳ nhạy cảm | reward centres are hypersensitive | hypersensitive to criticism |
| innate tendency | adj + n | /ɪˈneɪt ˈtendənsi/ | kh経hướng bẩm sinh | innate tendency toward social comparison | innate ability/characteristic |
| postulated | v | /ˈpɒstjʊleɪtɪd/ | đề xuất, giả định | Psychologist Leon Festinger postulated | postulate a theory |
| fostering | v | /ˈfɒstərɪŋ/ | thúc đẩy, nuôi dưỡng | fostering feelings of inadequacy | foster understanding/growth |
| mere presence | adj + n | /mɪə ˈprezəns/ | sự hiện diện đơn thuần | the mere presence of a smartphone | mere presence/mention |
| disinhibit | v | /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɪbɪt/ | làm mất tự chế | can disinhibit aggressive behaviour | disinhibit behaviour/responses |
| mirroring patterns | v phrase | /ˈmɪrərɪŋ ˈpætənz/ | phản ánh các mô hình | mirroring patterns seen in substance dependence | mirror patterns/behaviour |
| nuanced understanding | adj + n | /ˈnjuːɑːnst ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ | hiểu biết sâu sắc | nuanced understanding underscores | nuanced approach/perspective |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| precipitated | v | /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/ | gây ra, thúc đẩy nhanh | has precipitated a paradigmatic shift | precipitate a crisis |
| paradigmatic shift | adj + n | /ˌpærədɪgˈmætɪk ʃɪft/ | sự thay đổi mô hình | precipitated a paradigmatic shift | paradigm shift/change |
| ramifications | n | /ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/ | hậu quả, tác động | ramifications far more complex | serious/wide-ranging ramifications |
| dialectical | adj | /ˌdaɪəˈlektɪkəl/ | biện chứng | dialectical nature of social media’s impact | dialectical approach/relationship |
| engendered | v | /ɪnˈdʒendəd/ | tạo ra, sinh ra | has engendered new forms | engender trust/confidence |
| bypasses | v | /ˈbaɪpɑːsɪz/ | vượt qua, bỏ qua | bypasses traditional hierarchical structures | bypass regulations/systems |
| ostensibly | adv | /ɒˈstensəbli/ | có vẻ như, bề ngoài | ostensibly provides equitable access | ostensibly neutral/objective |
| opaque | adj | /əʊˈpeɪk/ | mờ đục, không rõ ràng | opaque content moderation policies | opaque system/process |
| arbiters | n | /ˈɑːbɪtəz/ | người phân xử, trọng tài | serve as arbiters of knowledge | arbiter of taste/truth |
| virality | n | /vaɪˈræləti/ | tính lan truyền | depends more on virality | achieve/gain virality |
| supersede | v | /ˌsuːpəˈsiːd/ | thay thế, vượt trội | emotional appeals supersede empirical evidence | supersede previous regulations |
| exacerbates | v | /ɪgˈzæsəbeɪts/ | làm trầm trọng thêm | social media exacerbates epistemic challenges | exacerbate problems/tensions |
| commodification | n | /kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | việc biến thành hàng hóa | commodification of personal data | commodification of culture |
| precarious | adj | /prɪˈkeəriəs/ | bấp bênh, không chắc chắn | precarious form of labour | precarious situation/position |
| salient | adj | /ˈseɪliənt/ | nổi bật, đáng chú ý | particularly salient for adolescents | salient features/points |
| neuroplasticity | n | /ˌnjʊərəʊplæˈstɪsəti/ | tính dẻo thần kinh | neuroplasticity research suggests | neuroplasticity and learning |
| jurisdictional | adj | /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃənəl/ | thuộc về quyền tài phán | jurisdictional challenges | jurisdictional issues/disputes |
| disinhibit | v | /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɪbɪt/ | làm mất tự chế | can disinhibit aggressive behaviour | disinhibit responses |
Kết Bài
Chủ đề “Does social media have a positive or negative impact” không chỉ quan trọng trong IELTS Reading mà còn phản ánh một trong những vấn đề then chốt của xã hội đương đại. Qua đề thi mẫu này, bạn đã được trải nghiệm đầy đủ ba cấp độ khó từ Easy đến Hard, bao phủ tất cả các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong kỳ thi IELTS thực tế.
Ba passages trong đề thi đã cung cấp góc nhìn đa chiều về mạng xã hội: từ những tác động cơ bản đến đời sống giao tiếp và kinh doanh (Passage 1), đến các cơ chế tâm lý học đằng sau sự hấp dẫn của các nền tảng này (Passage 2), và cuối cùng là phân tích học thuật sâu sắc về những biến đổi xã hội học, nhận thức luận và địa chính trị (Passage 3). Điều này tương tự như what are the consequences of mass surveillance on civil liberties, cả hai đều là những chủ đề công nghệ có tầm ảnh hưởng sâu rộng đến xã hội.
Phần đáp án chi tiết không chỉ cung cấp key answers mà còn giải thích rõ ràng vị trí thông tin, cách paraphrase giữa câu hỏi và đoạn văn, cùng các chiến lược làm bài hiệu quả. Từ vựng được phân loại theo từng passage giúp bạn xây dựng vốn từ vựng học thuật cần thiết cho band điểm cao.
Hãy sử dụng đề thi này như một công cụ tự đánh giá năng lực thực tế của mình. Phân tích kỹ những câu sai để hiểu rõ nguyên nhân và cải thiện phương pháp làm bài. Nếu bạn quan tâm đến the use of storytelling in environmental awareness, đây cũng là một chủ đề hay ho để luyện tập thêm kỹ năng đọc hiểu.
Chúc bạn học tập hiệu quả và đạt được band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới. Hãy nhớ rằng, thành công trong IELTS Reading không chỉ đến từ việc hiểu tiếng Anh mà còn từ việc nắm vững các kỹ thuật làm bài và quản lý thời gian khoa học!
