IELTS Reading: Chăm Sóc Sức Khỏe Tâm Thần Cho Người Chăm Sóc – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở Bài

Chủ đề sức khỏe tâm thần của người chăm sóc (caregivers) ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong các đề thi IELTS Reading thực tế, đặc biệt khi vấn đề chăm sóc người cao tuổi và người bệnh mãn tính ngày càng được quan tâm trên toàn cầu. Đây là một chủ đề thuộc lĩnh vực xã hội học và y tế công cộng, thường xuất hiện ở cả ba mức độ từ dễ đến khó trong bài thi.

Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với ba passages được thiết kế theo đúng format và độ khó chuẩn Cambridge IELTS. Bạn sẽ được luyện tập với đầy đủ các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác. Mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích, giúp bạn hiểu rõ phương pháp làm bài và cách paraphrase thông tin.

Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, với độ khó tăng dần qua từng passage. Bạn cũng sẽ được trang bị vốn từ vựng quan trọng liên quan đến chủ đề sức khỏe tâm thần và chăm sóc, những kiến thức cần thiết không chỉ cho kỳ thi mà còn cho việc học tập và làm việc trong môi trường quốc tế.

Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 40 câu hỏi được phân bổ đều qua 3 passages. Mỗi passage có độ dài từ 650-1000 từ và độ khó tăng dần. Điều quan trọng là bạn cần quản lý thời gian hiệu quả để hoàn thành toàn bộ bài thi.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó Easy)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó Medium)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó Hard)

Lưu ý rằng không có thời gian phụ để chép đáp án, vì vậy bạn nên ghi đáp án trực tiếp vào answer sheet ngay trong quá trình làm bài.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các phương án cho sẵn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
3. Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định ý kiến của tác giả
4. Matching Headings – Ghép tiêu đề phù hợp với các đoạn văn
5. Summary Completion – Hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt
6. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu
7. Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Hidden Crisis: Mental Health Challenges Among Family Caregivers

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

Family caregivers are the backbone of healthcare systems worldwide, providing essential support to elderly parents, disabled children, or chronically ill relatives. In the United States alone, approximately 53 million adults serve as unpaid caregivers, dedicating an average of 24 hours per week to caregiving duties. While their contribution is invaluable, the emotional toll on these individuals is often overlooked, leading to what experts call a “hidden crisis” in mental health.

Caregiving responsibilities typically include assisting with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, and feeding, as well as managing medications, attending medical appointments, and providing emotional support. The intensity and duration of these tasks vary greatly depending on the care recipient’s condition. Some caregivers provide support for a few months, while others continue for years or even decades. This prolonged commitment can significantly impact the caregiver’s own physical and mental wellbeing.

Research consistently shows that family caregivers experience higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to non-caregivers. A comprehensive study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 40-70% of caregivers exhibit symptoms of depression, with approximately half meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression. The stress of caregiving can also manifest physically, with caregivers reporting more chronic health problems, weakened immune systems, and slower wound healing than their peers.

Người chăm sóc gia đình đang đối mặt với căng thẳng và thách thức sức khỏe tâm thần khi chăm sóc người thân

Several factors contribute to the mental health challenges faced by caregivers. Role overload occurs when caregivers struggle to balance their caregiving duties with employment, household responsibilities, and personal relationships. Many caregivers report feeling torn between competing demands, leading to feelings of guilt regardless of which responsibility they prioritize. Social isolation is another significant concern, as the time-consuming nature of caregiving often limits opportunities for social interaction and recreational activities. Caregivers may gradually withdraw from their support networks, further exacerbating feelings of loneliness and stress.

Financial strain also plays a crucial role in caregiver mental health. Many caregivers reduce their working hours or leave employment entirely to accommodate caregiving responsibilities, resulting in decreased income and diminished retirement savings. The costs associated with caregiving, including medical expenses, home modifications, and specialized equipment, can create additional financial pressure. This economic burden often compounds the psychological stress caregivers already experience.

The concept of “caregiver burden” has been extensively studied in psychological literature. This term refers to the physical, emotional, social, and financial difficulties that caregivers experience. Researchers distinguish between objective burden, which includes tangible caregiving tasks and their practical consequences, and subjective burden, which encompasses the caregiver’s emotional response to their situation. Both types of burden significantly correlate with poor mental health outcomes.

Despite these challenges, many caregivers hesitate to seek professional help for their mental health concerns. Common barriers include lack of time, difficulty arranging respite care, financial constraints, and the belief that their own needs are secondary to those of their care recipient. Additionally, some caregivers experience stigma around mental health issues or feel that seeking help represents a personal failure or inability to cope.

However, addressing caregiver mental health is not only beneficial for the caregivers themselves but also enhances the quality of care provided to care recipients. Studies indicate that caregivers experiencing depression or high stress levels may have difficulty providing optimal care, potentially leading to worse health outcomes for those they care for. Therefore, supporting caregiver mental health represents a win-win situation for both parties involved in the caregiving relationship.

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. According to the passage, how many hours per week do caregivers typically spend on caregiving duties in the United States?
   A. 12 hours
   B. 24 hours
   C. 36 hours
   D. 48 hours

2. What percentage of caregivers show symptoms of depression according to the study mentioned?
   A. 20-40%
   B. 30-50%
   C. 40-70%
   D. 50-80%

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to caregiver mental health challenges?
   A. Role overload
   B. Social isolation
   C. Financial strain
   D. Lack of education

4. The term “objective burden” refers to:
   A. Emotional responses to caregiving
   B. Tangible caregiving tasks
   C. Financial difficulties only
   D. Social isolation

5. Why is addressing caregiver mental health beneficial for care recipients?
   A. It reduces healthcare costs
   B. It improves the quality of care they receive
   C. It shortens the caregiving period
   D. It increases family involvement

Questions 6-10: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. All family caregivers provide support for several decades.
7. Caregivers have weaker immune systems than people who do not provide care.
8. Most caregivers continue working full-time while providing care.
9. Subjective burden includes the caregiver’s emotional response to their situation.
10. Government programs provide adequate support for all caregivers seeking mental health services.

Questions 11-13: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

11. Many caregivers feel __ between different responsibilities in their lives.
12. The economic difficulties that caregivers face often __ their psychological stress.
13. Some caregivers believe that seeking mental health help represents a __ or inability to manage their responsibilities.

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PASSAGE 2 – Evidence-Based Strategies for Promoting Caregiver Mental Wellness

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The growing recognition of caregivers’ mental health challenges has spurred the development of numerous interventions aimed at promoting psychological wellbeing among this vulnerable population. These strategies range from individual psychotherapeutic approaches to community-based programs and policy-level initiatives. Understanding which interventions are most effective requires examining the empirical evidence supporting various approaches and considering the unique circumstances of different caregiver populations.

Psychoeducational interventions represent one of the most widely studied approaches to supporting caregiver mental health. These programs typically provide caregivers with information about their care recipient’s condition, practical caregiving skills, and stress management techniques. A meta-analysis of 127 studies found that psychoeducational interventions produced modest but significant improvements in caregiver depression, anxiety, and subjective burden. The effectiveness of these programs appears to be enhanced when they are tailored to specific conditions, such as dementia or cancer caregiving, rather than offering generic content.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated considerable promise in addressing caregiver mental health concerns. CBT helps caregivers identify and modify negative thought patterns that contribute to emotional distress. For instance, caregivers often engage in cognitive distortions such as catastrophizing about the future or maintaining unrealistic expectations about their capabilities. Through CBT, caregivers learn to challenge these thoughts and develop more adaptive coping strategies. Research indicates that CBT interventions, whether delivered individually or in group settings, can produce substantial reductions in depressive symptoms and anxiety among caregivers.

Mindfulness-based interventions have gained increasing attention as a method for promoting caregiver mental wellness. These approaches teach caregivers to cultivate present-moment awareness without judgment, helping them develop greater emotional regulation and resilience. Studies examining mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs have found improvements in multiple domains of caregiver wellbeing, including reduced perceived stress, decreased depression and anxiety, and enhanced self-compassion. Importantly, many mindfulness interventions can be adapted for online delivery, making them more accessible to caregivers who face time and mobility constraints.

Kỹ thuật mindfulness và thiền giúp giảm stress cho người chăm sóc gia đình hiệu quả

Respite care services provide temporary relief for caregivers by arranging alternative care for their loved ones. This break allows caregivers to rest, recharge, and attend to their own needs. Despite the intuitive appeal of respite care, research on its effectiveness has produced mixed results. Some studies show significant improvements in caregiver wellbeing following respite care use, while others find minimal impact. These inconsistent findings may reflect variations in the quality, duration, and frequency of respite services, as well as differences in how caregivers utilize their respite time. Optimal outcomes appear to occur when respite care is combined with other supportive interventions and when caregivers use their break time for genuinely restorative activities rather than simply catching up on household tasks.

Support groups offer caregivers opportunities to connect with others facing similar challenges, share experiences, and exchange practical advice. These groups can be facilitated by healthcare professionals or operated as peer-led initiatives. While support groups are widely available and generally well-received by participants, research on their effectiveness presents a nuanced picture. Some caregivers report that support groups provide valuable emotional validation and reduce feelings of isolation, while others find them emotionally draining or insufficiently structured. The effectiveness of support groups may depend on factors such as group composition, facilitation quality, and the individual caregiver’s personality and needs.

Technology-based interventions have emerged as a promising avenue for reaching caregivers who face barriers to accessing traditional support services. These interventions include telephone counseling, online support communities, mobile applications offering stress management tools, and telehealth platforms connecting caregivers with mental health professionals. A systematic review of technology-based interventions found that they can effectively reduce caregiver depression and burden while offering advantages in terms of convenience and accessibility. However, these approaches may be less suitable for caregivers with limited technological literacy or those who prefer face-to-face interaction.

Multicomponent interventions that combine several strategies appear to produce the most robust effects on caregiver mental health. For example, a comprehensive program might include psychoeducation, skills training, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and ongoing support through a case manager or coach. The REACH II (Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health) program exemplifies this approach, integrating multiple evidence-based strategies tailored to individual caregiver needs. Research demonstrates that such comprehensive interventions can produce sustained improvements in caregiver mental health that persist months or even years after program completion.

Despite the availability of evidence-based interventions, significant implementation gaps remain. Many caregivers are unaware of existing resources or face practical barriers to participation, including time constraints, transportation difficulties, and financial limitations. Healthcare systems often fail to systematically identify and support family caregivers, missing opportunities for early intervention before mental health problems become severe. Addressing these gaps requires coordinated efforts across healthcare, policy, and community sectors to ensure that effective interventions reach those who need them most.

Questions 14-18: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

14. Psychoeducational interventions are more effective when designed for specific caregiving situations.
15. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can only be delivered in one-on-one sessions.
16. Mindfulness-based interventions are superior to all other approaches for caregiver mental health.
17. The effectiveness of respite care depends partly on how caregivers spend their break time.
18. All caregivers find support groups helpful for reducing isolation.

Questions 19-23: Matching Headings

Choose the correct heading for sections A-E from the list of headings below.

List of Headings:
i. The role of technological solutions in caregiver support
ii. Combining multiple approaches for better outcomes
iii. Traditional therapy methods for emotional distress
iv. Educational programs and their impact
v. The benefits and limitations of temporary care relief
vi. Eastern meditation practices in Western healthcare
vii. Peer support and shared experiences
viii. Barriers to accessing mental health interventions

A. Paragraph discussing psychoeducational interventions
B. Paragraph discussing respite care services
C. Paragraph discussing support groups
D. Paragraph discussing technology-based interventions
E. Paragraph discussing multicomponent interventions

19. Section A: __
20. Section B: __
21. Section C: __
22. Section D: __
23. Section E: __

Questions 24-26: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

The REACH II program is an example of a (24)__ intervention that combines several evidence-based approaches. These comprehensive programs can produce improvements in caregiver mental health that are (25)__ and last for extended periods. However, many caregivers remain (26)__ of available resources or cannot access them due to practical obstacles.

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PASSAGE 3 – Systemic Approaches and Future Directions in Caregiver Mental Health Promotion

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The discourse surrounding caregiver mental health has undergone a paradigmatic shift in recent decades, moving from an individual pathology model toward more holistic, systemic frameworks that recognize caregiving as a complex socio-ecological phenomenon. This reconceptualization acknowledges that caregiver mental health is shaped not only by personal characteristics and immediate caregiving circumstances but also by broader social structures, cultural contexts, policy environments, and economic systems. Consequently, effective promotion of caregiver mental health requires interventions that transcend individual-level approaches to address the multifaceted determinants operating at various ecological levels.

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory provides a useful framework for understanding the nested contexts influencing caregiver mental health. At the microsystem level, factors such as the quality of the caregiver-care recipient relationship, the severity of the care recipient’s condition, and the caregiver’s personal coping resources directly impact mental health outcomes. The mesosystem encompasses interactions between different microsystems, such as how workplace policies affect the caregiver’s ability to manage both employment and caregiving responsibilities. The exosystem includes broader social structures that indirectly influence caregivers, such as healthcare system organization, availability of community services, and social welfare policies. Finally, the macrosystem comprises cultural values, societal attitudes toward caregiving, and prevailing ideologies about family responsibility and individual autonomy.

Cultural considerations represent a critical yet often underappreciated dimension of caregiver mental health promotion. Caregiving experiences and their psychological impact are profoundly shaped by cultural beliefs about family obligation, concepts of filial piety, attitudes toward formal care services, and stigma associated with mental health problems. For instance, in many collectivist cultures, family caregiving is viewed as a moral imperative and source of personal fulfillment, whereas individualistic cultures may emphasize personal autonomy and the appropriateness of delegating care to formal services. These cultural frameworks influence caregivers’ willingness to seek support, their emotional responses to caregiving challenges, and the types of interventions they find acceptable and helpful.

Research increasingly demonstrates the importance of culturally adapted interventions that align with caregivers’ worldviews and values. A study examining a culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention for Hispanic dementia caregivers found significantly greater engagement and efficacy compared to standard interventions, with participants reporting that the program’s incorporation of cultural values such as familismo (family orientation) and respeto (respect) enhanced its relevance and acceptability. Similarly, interventions designed for Asian American caregivers that acknowledge interdependence and incorporate culturally resonant stress reduction techniques have shown promising results. These findings underscore the necessity of moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches toward interventions that are responsive to diverse cultural contexts.

Chương trình hỗ trợ đa văn hóa cho người chăm sóc từ các nền văn hóa khác nhau trên thế giới

Policy-level interventions represent another crucial, though often neglected, approach to promoting caregiver mental health. The absence of comprehensive caregiver support policies in many countries places the burden of care provision almost entirely on families, with minimal public recognition or assistance. Countries that have implemented robust caregiver support policies demonstrate the potential for policy to positively impact caregiver wellbeing. For example, Australia’s National Carer Strategy provides a coordinated framework for supporting caregivers across various domains, including access to respite services, financial assistance, workplace flexibility, and health services. Longitudinal research examining the strategy’s impact suggests improvements in caregiver mental health outcomes and quality of life, though persistent gaps remain in implementation and reach.

Workplace policies and practices constitute a particularly important policy domain for caregiver mental health. The intersection of employment and caregiving responsibilities creates significant stress for the majority of caregivers who maintain paid employment. Progressive workplace policies such as flexible scheduling, telecommuting options, paid family leave, and employer-sponsored caregiver support programs can alleviate this strain. Research indicates that caregivers with access to workplace flexibility report lower levels of depression and anxiety compared to those in rigid work environments. However, access to such policies remains highly inequitable, with lower-wage workers and those in precarious employment far less likely to benefit from workplace accommodations.

The economic dimensions of caregiver mental health warrant particular attention, as financial strain represents both a consequence of caregiving and a significant contributor to psychological distress. Direct financial support for caregivers, whether through stipends, tax credits, or social security credits for caregiving years, can help mitigate the economic impact of caregiving. Several European countries have implemented caregiver allowances that provide modest financial compensation for unpaid care work. Evaluation studies suggest that such financial support can reduce caregiver stress and improve mental health outcomes, though the relatively small amounts typically provided may have limited impact on caregivers facing substantial opportunity costs from reduced employment.

Preventive approaches to caregiver mental health represent an important yet underdeveloped area. Most existing interventions adopt a reactive stance, providing support after caregivers have already developed mental health problems. Proactive identification of at-risk caregivers and early intervention before problems become entrenched could potentially prevent or minimize mental health difficulties. Healthcare systems could play a crucial role through systematic screening of family caregivers during patient medical appointments, with referral pathways to appropriate support services for those at elevated risk. Such an approach would require fundamental shifts in healthcare delivery models to formally recognize and address family caregiver needs as an integral component of patient care.

Technological innovations continue to expand possibilities for caregiver mental health promotion, though they also raise important questions about equity, privacy, and efficacy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are being developed to provide personalized intervention recommendations based on caregiver characteristics and needs. Virtual reality applications offer novel approaches to stress reduction and skills training. Wearable devices can monitor physiological indicators of stress, potentially enabling real-time interventions. While these technologies hold promise, their development must be guided by rigorous research on effectiveness and careful consideration of ethical implications, including algorithmic bias, data security, and the potential for technology to exacerbate existing disparities in access to support.

Future research must address several critical knowledge gaps to advance the field of caregiver mental health promotion. Longitudinal studies tracking caregivers over extended periods are needed to understand the trajectory of mental health across the caregiving experience and identify critical intervention windows. More research is required on understudied caregiver populations, including young caregivers, LGBT caregivers, caregivers from ethnic minority backgrounds, and those caring for individuals with specific conditions. Implementation science approaches can help identify effective strategies for translating efficacious interventions into real-world practice and ensuring they reach diverse caregiver populations. Finally, economic evaluations examining the cost-effectiveness of various interventions are essential for informing resource allocation decisions in an era of constrained healthcare budgets.

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

27. According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, workplace policies that affect caregiving belong to which system level?
    A. Microsystem
    B. Mesosystem
    C. Exosystem
    D. Macrosystem

28. The passage suggests that culturally adapted interventions are:
    A. Less effective than standard approaches
    B. Only necessary in collectivist cultures
    C. More engaging and effective for specific populations
    D. Too expensive to implement widely

29. What does the passage indicate about Australia’s National Carer Strategy?
    A. It has completely solved all caregiver problems
    B. It shows some improvements but has gaps
    C. It has been unsuccessful in helping caregivers
    D. It only focuses on financial support

30. According to the passage, which workers are least likely to have access to workplace flexibility?
    A. Healthcare professionals
    B. Government employees
    C. Lower-wage workers
    D. Office managers

31. The passage describes most existing interventions as:
    A. Preventive in nature
    B. Reactive to existing problems
    C. Focused on technology
    D. Based on cultural values

Questions 32-36: Matching Features

Match the following concepts (32-36) with the correct descriptions (A-H).

32. Microsystem
33. Macrosystem
34. Filial piety
35. Familismo
36. Implementation science

A. Cultural value emphasizing family closeness in Hispanic cultures
B. Cultural belief about respect for elders and family duty
C. The immediate environment directly affecting the caregiver
D. Broader cultural values and societal attitudes
E. Research approach for translating interventions into practice
F. Government policies supporting caregivers
G. Technology-based support systems
H. Financial compensation programs

Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

37. What type of approach do most current interventions take toward caregiver mental health problems?
38. What could healthcare systems use during patient appointments to identify at-risk caregivers?
39. What type of algorithms are being developed to provide personalized recommendations for caregivers?
40. What type of studies are needed to understand how caregiver mental health changes over time?

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Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
8. NOT GIVEN
9. TRUE
10. NOT GIVEN
11. torn
12. compounds
13. personal failure

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. YES
15. NO
16. NOT GIVEN
17. YES
18. NO
19. iv
20. v
21. vii
22. i
23. ii
24. multicomponent
25. sustained
26. unaware

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. B
28. C
29. B
30. C
31. B
32. C
33. D
34. B
35. A
36. E
37. reactive stance
38. systematic screening
39. machine learning
40. Longitudinal studies

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Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: hours per week, caregiving duties, United States
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Passage nêu rõ “dedicating an average of 24 hours per week to caregiving duties”. Đây là thông tin trực tiếp không cần paraphrase.

Câu 2: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: percentage, caregivers, symptoms of depression
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: Passage đề cập “40-70% of caregivers exhibit symptoms of depression”, khớp chính xác với đáp án C.

Câu 3: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice (NOT mentioned)
• Từ khóa: factors contributing, mental health challenges
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, 5
• Giải thích: Passage liệt kê role overload (A), social isolation (B), và financial strain (C) nhưng không đề cập đến lack of education (D).

Câu 4: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: objective burden, refers to
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Passage giải thích “objective burden, which includes tangible caregiving tasks and their practical consequences”.

Câu 5: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: addressing caregiver mental health, beneficial, care recipients
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: Passage nói rõ “addressing caregiver mental health…enhances the quality of care provided to care recipients”.

Câu 6: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all family caregivers, several decades
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Passage nói “Some caregivers provide support for a few months, while others continue for years or even decades”, chứng tỏ không phải tất cả đều chăm sóc trong nhiều thập kỷ.

Câu 7: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: caregivers, weaker immune systems
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Passage đề cập “weakened immune systems” là một trong những vấn đề sức khỏe của người chăm sóc.

Câu 8: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: most caregivers, working full-time
• Vị trí trong bài: Không có thông tin cụ thể
• Giải thích: Passage chỉ đề cập “Many caregivers reduce their working hours or leave employment” nhưng không nói về tỷ lệ cụ thể hay “most”.

Câu 9: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: subjective burden, emotional response
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa “subjective burden, which encompasses the caregiver’s emotional response to their situation”.

Câu 10: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: government programs, adequate support
• Vị trí trong bài: Không có thông tin
• Giải thích: Passage không đề cập đến việc chính phủ cung cấp hỗ trợ đầy đủ hay không.

Câu 11: torn

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: caregivers feel, between different responsibilities
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 3
• Giải thích: “Many caregivers report feeling torn between competing demands”.

Câu 12: compounds

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: economic difficulties, psychological stress
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: “This economic burden often compounds the psychological stress”.

Câu 13: personal failure

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: seeking mental health help represents
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “feel that seeking help represents a personal failure or inability to cope”.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Psychoeducational interventions, more effective, specific situations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: Passage khẳng định “The effectiveness…appears to be enhanced when they are tailored to specific conditions”.

Câu 15: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, only, one-on-one sessions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 6
• Giải thích: Passage nói rõ “whether delivered individually or in group settings”, chứng tỏ không chỉ có dạng một-một.

Câu 16: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Mindfulness-based interventions, superior to all other approaches
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4
• Giải thích: Passage đề cập lợi ích của mindfulness nhưng không so sánh nó là “superior to all” các phương pháp khác.

Câu 17: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: effectiveness of respite care, how caregivers spend break time
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 6-8
• Giải thích: “Optimal outcomes appear to occur when…caregivers use their break time for genuinely restorative activities”.

Câu 18: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all caregivers, support groups, helpful, reducing isolation
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: “Some caregivers report…while others find them emotionally draining”, chứng tỏ không phải tất cả đều thấy hữu ích.

Câu 19: iv

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Giải thích: Đoạn về psychoeducational interventions phù hợp với heading “Educational programs and their impact”.

Câu 20: v

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Giải thích: Đoạn về respite care khớp với “The benefits and limitations of temporary care relief”.

Câu 21: vii

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Giải thích: Đoạn về support groups tương ứng với “Peer support and shared experiences”.

Câu 22: i

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Giải thích: Đoạn về technology-based interventions khớp với “The role of technological solutions in caregiver support”.

Câu 23: ii

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Giải thích: Đoạn về multicomponent interventions phù hợp với “Combining multiple approaches for better outcomes”.

Câu 24: multicomponent

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1
• Giải thích: “Multicomponent interventions that combine several strategies”.

Câu 25: sustained

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: “can produce sustained improvements in caregiver mental health”.

Câu 26: unaware

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Many caregivers are unaware of existing resources”.

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Bronfenbrenner’s theory, workplace policies, system level
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “The mesosystem encompasses interactions between different microsystems, such as how workplace policies affect the caregiver’s ability…”.

Câu 28: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: culturally adapted interventions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “A study…found significantly greater engagement and efficacy compared to standard interventions”.

Câu 29: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Australia’s National Carer Strategy
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: “suggests improvements in caregiver mental health outcomes…though persistent gaps remain”.

Câu 30: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: least likely, workplace flexibility
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: “lower-wage workers and those in precarious employment far less likely to benefit”.

Câu 31: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: most existing interventions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Most existing interventions adopt a reactive stance, providing support after caregivers have already developed mental health problems”.

Câu 32: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Giải thích: Microsystem là “immediate environment directly affecting the caregiver” theo định nghĩa trong đoạn 2.

Câu 33: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Giải thích: Macrosystem là “broader cultural values and societal attitudes” theo đoạn 2.

Câu 34: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Giải thích: Filial piety được đề cập là “cultural belief about respect for elders and family duty” trong đoạn 3.

Câu 35: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Giải thích: Familismo được giải thích là “family orientation” – giá trị gia đình trong văn hóa Hispanic, đoạn 4.

Câu 36: E

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Giải thích: Implementation science là “research approach for translating interventions into practice” theo đoạn cuối.

Câu 37: reactive stance

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Most existing interventions adopt a reactive stance”.

Câu 38: systematic screening

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: “Healthcare systems could play a crucial role through systematic screening of family caregivers”.

Câu 39: machine learning

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are being developed to provide personalized intervention recommendations”.

Câu 40: Longitudinal studies

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: “Longitudinal studies tracking caregivers over extended periods are needed to understand the trajectory of mental health”.

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Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
backbone	n	/ˈbækbəʊn/	trụ cột, nền tảng	Family caregivers are the backbone of healthcare systems	the backbone of society/economy
emotional toll	n phrase	/ɪˈməʊʃənl təʊl/	gánh nặng tinh thần	the emotional toll on these individuals	take an emotional toll on
intensity	n	/ɪnˈtensəti/	cường độ, mức độ mạnh	The intensity and duration of these tasks	intensity of work/care
prolonged	adj	/prəˈlɒŋd/	kéo dài	This prolonged commitment	prolonged exposure/period
manifest	v	/ˈmænɪfest/	biểu hiện, thể hiện	stress can manifest physically	manifest itself in/as
diagnostic criteria	n phrase	/ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk kraɪˈtɪəriə/	tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán	meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression	meet/fulfill the criteria
contribute to	v phrase	/kənˈtrɪbjuːt tuː/	góp phần vào	factors contribute to mental health challenges	contribute to success/problem
role overload	n phrase	/rəʊl ˈəʊvələʊd/	quá tải vai trò	Role overload occurs when caregivers struggle	experience role overload
exacerbate	v	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/	làm trầm trọng thêm	further exacerbating feelings of loneliness	exacerbate the situation/problem
diminished	adj	/dɪˈmɪnɪʃt/	giảm sút, suy giảm	diminished retirement savings	diminished capacity/resources
hesitate to	v phrase	/ˈhezɪteɪt tuː/	do dự, ngần ngại	caregivers hesitate to seek help	hesitate to act/respond
optimal care	n phrase	/ˈɒptɪməl keə/	sự chăm sóc tối ưu	difficulty providing optimal care	provide/deliver optimal care

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
spurred	v	/spɜːd/	thúc đẩy, kích thích	has spurred the development of interventions	spur growth/development
intervention	n	/ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/	sự can thiệp	various interventions aimed at promoting wellbeing	early/timely intervention
psychotherapeutic	adj	/ˌsaɪkəʊˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/	thuộc trị liệu tâm lý	psychotherapeutic approaches	psychotherapeutic treatment/method
meta-analysis	n	/ˌmetəəˈnæləsɪs/	phân tích tổng hợp	A meta-analysis of 127 studies	conduct a meta-analysis
cognitive distortions	n phrase	/ˈkɒɡnətɪv dɪˈstɔːʃnz/	sai lệch nhận thức	caregivers often engage in cognitive distortions	identify cognitive distortions
adaptive coping	n phrase	/əˈdæptɪv ˈkəʊpɪŋ/	cách đối phó thích ứng	develop more adaptive coping strategies	adaptive coping mechanisms
cultivate	v	/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/	trau dồi, nuôi dưỡng	cultivate present-moment awareness	cultivate skills/relationships
resilience	n	/rɪˈzɪliəns/	khả năng phục hồi	develop greater resilience	build/develop resilience
respite care	n phrase	/ˈrespaɪt keə/	chăm sóc thay thế tạm thời	Respite care services provide temporary relief	provide respite care
intuitive appeal	n phrase	/ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv əˈpiːl/	tính hấp dẫn trực quan	Despite the intuitive appeal of respite care	have intuitive appeal
nuanced	adj	/ˈnjuːɑːnst/	tinh tế, nhiều sắc thái	research presents a nuanced picture	nuanced understanding/approach
facilitated by	v phrase	/fəˈsɪlɪteɪtɪd baɪ/	được hỗ trợ bởi	groups can be facilitated by professionals	facilitated by experts
robust effects	n phrase	/rəʊˈbʌst ɪˈfekts/	hiệu quả mạnh mẽ	produce the most robust effects	demonstrate robust effects
implementation gaps	n phrase	/ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn ɡæps/	khoảng cách thực thi	significant implementation gaps remain	address implementation gaps
coordinated efforts	n phrase	/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtɪd ˈefəts/	nỗ lực phối hợp	requires coordinated efforts across sectors	coordinated efforts/approach

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
paradigmatic shift	n phrase	/ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/	sự thay đổi mô hình	has undergone a paradigmatic shift	represent a paradigmatic shift
socio-ecological	adj	/ˌsəʊsiəʊ-ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/	xã hội-sinh thái	complex socio-ecological phenomenon	socio-ecological framework/approach
reconceptualization	n	/riːkənˌseptʃuəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự tái khái niệm hóa	This reconceptualization acknowledges	theoretical reconceptualization
transcend	v	/trænˈsend/	vượt ra ngoài	interventions that transcend individual-level	transcend boundaries/limitations
multifaceted	adj	/ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/	đa diện	multifaceted determinants	multifaceted problem/approach
nested contexts	n phrase	/ˈnestɪd ˈkɒnteksts/	bối cảnh lồng nhau	understanding the nested contexts	operate in nested contexts
filial piety	n phrase	/ˈfɪliəl ˈpaɪəti/	đạo hiếu	concepts of filial piety	practice filial piety
stigma associated with	n phrase	/ˈstɪɡmə əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd wɪð/	sự kỳ thị liên quan đến	stigma associated with mental health	stigma associated with illness
collectivist cultures	n phrase	/kəˈlektɪvɪst ˈkʌltʃəz/	văn hóa tập thể	in many collectivist cultures	collectivist/individualist cultures
delegate	v	/ˈdelɪɡeɪt/	ủy quyền, giao phó	delegating care to formal services	delegate responsibilities/tasks
culturally tailored	adj phrase	/ˈkʌltʃərəli ˈteɪləd/	được điều chỉnh theo văn hóa	culturally tailored intervention	culturally tailored programs
familismo	n	/fæmɪˈliːzməʊ/	chủ nghĩa gia đình (Tây Ban Nha)	incorporation of cultural values such as familismo	value of familismo
interdependence	n	/ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns/	sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau	acknowledge interdependence	cultural interdependence
one-size-fits-all	adj phrase	/wʌn saɪz fɪts ɔːl/	một kích cỡ cho tất cả	moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches	one-size-fits-all solution
robust caregiver support	n phrase	/rəʊˈbʌst ˈkeəɡɪvə səˈpɔːt/	hỗ trợ chăm sóc vững mạnh	robust caregiver support policies	robust support system
longitudinal research	n phrase	/ˌlɒŋɡɪˈtjuːdɪnl rɪˈsɜːtʃ/	nghiên cứu theo chiều dọc	Longitudinal research examining the strategy	conduct longitudinal research
precarious employment	n phrase	/prɪˈkeəriəs ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/	việc làm bấp bênh	those in precarious employment	precarious employment conditions
opportunity costs	n phrase	/ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti kɒsts/	chi phí cơ hội	facing substantial opportunity costs	consider opportunity costs
proactive identification	n phrase	/prəʊˈæktɪv aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/	sự xác định chủ động	Proactive identification of at-risk caregivers	proactive identification/approach
algorithmic bias	n phrase	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk ˈbaɪəs/	thiên lệch thuật toán	including algorithmic bias	address algorithmic bias
exacerbate disparities	v phrase	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt dɪˈspærətiz/	làm trầm trọng sự chênh lệch	exacerbate existing disparities	exacerbate inequalities/gaps
trajectory	n	/trəˈdʒektəri/	quỹ đạo, diễn biến	understand the trajectory of mental health	career trajectory
implementation science	n phrase	/ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn ˈsaɪəns/	khoa học thực thi	Implementation science approaches	implementation science research
cost-effectiveness	n	/kɒst ɪˈfektɪvnəs/	tính hiệu quả chi phí	economic evaluations examining cost-effectiveness	assess cost-effectiveness

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Kết Bài

Chủ đề sức khỏe tâm thần của người chăm sóc không chỉ là một vấn đề xã hội quan trọng mà còn là một chủ đề phổ biến trong các đề thi IELTS Reading thực tế. Qua bộ đề thi mẫu này, bạn đã được tiếp cận với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần, từ mức độ cơ bản đến nâng cao, phản ánh chính xác cấu trúc của bài thi IELTS thật.

Ba passages đã cung cấp góc nhìn toàn diện về vấn đề: từ những thách thức cơ bản mà người chăm sóc đối mặt, qua các phương pháp can thiệp dựa trên bằng chứng khoa học, cho đến những cách tiếp cận hệ thống và định hướng tương lai. Bạn đã luyện tập với 40 câu hỏi thuộc 7 dạng khác nhau, bao quát tất cả các dạng câu hỏi quan trọng trong IELTS Reading.

Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích sẽ giúp bạn tự đánh giá khả năng làm bài, hiểu rõ phương pháp tìm thông tin trong passage và cách paraphrase giữa câu hỏi và đoạn văn. Hãy chú ý đặc biệt đến các từ vựng được in đậm trong passages và bảng từ vựng chi tiết – đây là những từ quan trọng không chỉ cho bài thi mà còn cho việc sử dụng tiếng Anh học thuật nói chung.

Khi bạn đã hoàn thành đề thi này, bạn có thể áp dụng những kỹ thuật và chiến lược đã học được vào các chủ đề khác có liên quan như Is community service a better alternative to prison, giúp mở rộng vốn hiểu biết về các vấn đề xã hội thường xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading. Hãy tiếp tục luyện tập đều đặn với các đề thi đa dạng để đạt được band điểm mục tiêu của bạn!