IELTS Speaking: Cách Trả Lời Chủ Đề “Describe A Natural Landscape” – Bài Mẫu Band 6-9

Mở bài

Chủ đề “Describe A Natural Landscape That You Find Fascinating” là một trong những đề bài phổ biến và được yêu thích nhất trong IELTS Speaking Part 2. Đây là dạng câu hỏi về địa điểm tự nhiên, yêu cầu thí sinh mô tả chi tiết về một cảnh quan thiên nhiên ấn tượng mà họ từng trải nghiệm hoặc biết đến.

Theo thống kê từ các trung tâm thi IELTS và nguồn từ ielts-blog.com, chủ đề liên quan đến natural landscapes xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong các kỳ thi từ 2020 đến 2024, đặc biệt là trong quý 1 và quý 3 hàng năm. Khả năng xuất hiện trong tương lai vẫn ở mức cao do tính phổ biến và khả năng mở rộng đa dạng của chủ đề.

Chủ đề này thường được hỏi dưới nhiều góc độ khác nhau: từ việc mô tả cảnh quan núi non, biển cả, rừng rậm, sa mạc, đến thảo luận về tác động của du lịch sinh thái, bảo tồn thiên nhiên, và vai trò của cảnh quan tự nhiên trong cuộc sống con người.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học được:

• 10+ câu hỏi thực tế cho cả 3 phần thi Speaking về chủ đề natural landscapes
• Bài mẫu chi tiết theo 3 band điểm (6-7, 7.5-8, 8.5-9) với phân tích chuyên sâu
• 50+ từ vựng và cụm từ ăn điểm kèm cách sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh
• Chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả từ góc nhìn của Examiner
• Các lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách khắc phục
• Discourse markers và grammatical structures giúp nâng band

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IELTS Speaking Part 1: Introduction and Interview

Tổng Quan Về Part 1

Part 1 của IELTS Speaking kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi ngắn về cuộc sống hàng ngày. Đặc điểm của phần này là examiner sẽ hỏi những câu hỏi quen thuộc, dễ tiếp cận để giúp bạn cảm thấy thoải mái trước khi chuyển sang các phần khó hơn.

Chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả:

• Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi trong câu đầu tiên
• Mở rộng với lý do hoặc ví dụ cụ thể (đạt 2-3 câu)
• Sử dụng thì động từ phù hợp
• Thể hiện sự tự nhiên, không học thuộc

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Trả lời quá ngắn chỉ “Yes” hoặc “No”
• Dùng từ vựng đơn giản lặp đi lặp lại (good, nice, beautiful)
• Thiếu ví dụ cụ thể từ kinh nghiệm bản thân
• Ngập ngừng quá nhiều vì suy nghĩ từ vựng phức tạp

Các Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp

Question 1: Do you like spending time in nature?

Question 2: What kind of natural scenery do you prefer – mountains or beaches?

Question 3: How often do you visit natural places?

Question 4: Did you enjoy going to natural places when you were a child?

Question 5: Are there any famous natural landscapes in your country?

Question 6: Do you prefer natural landscapes or city views?

Question 7: Have you ever taken photos of natural scenery?

Question 8: Would you like to live close to nature in the future?

Phân Tích và Gợi Ý Trả Lời Chi Tiết

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Question: Do you like spending time in nature?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Trả lời Yes/No một cách rõ ràng
• Giải thích lý do (cảm giác, lợi ích)
• Đưa thêm ví dụ hoặc thói quen cá nhân

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, I like spending time in nature. It makes me feel relaxed and happy. I usually go to the park near my house on weekends to walk and enjoy the fresh air.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Trả lời rõ ràng, có lý do và ví dụ cụ thể về thói quen
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng đơn giản (relaxed, happy), cấu trúc câu cơ bản, thiếu chi tiết về cảm xúc sâu sắc hơn
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Đáp ứng yêu cầu cơ bản với fluency tốt nhưng lexical resource và grammatical range chưa đa dạng

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Absolutely! I’m actually quite passionate about spending time in natural settings. There’s something incredibly rejuvenating about being surrounded by greenery and fresh air – it really helps me unwind from the daily hustle and bustle. I try to escape to the countryside or coastal areas at least once a month to recharge my batteries.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Từ vựng tinh tế (rejuvenating, unwind from, recharge my batteries), cụm từ idiomatic (hustle and bustle, escape to), cấu trúc phức tạp (there’s something…about), thể hiện enthusiasm rõ ràng
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Fluency: Câu trả lời trôi chảy với linking natural
  • Vocabulary: Collocations chính xác, less common words
  • Grammar: Cấu trúc đa dạng (passive, relative clause)
  • Pronunciation: Stress on key words tạo sự nhấn mạnh

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• be passionate about: say mê, đam mê điều gì
• rejuvenating (adj): làm trẻ lại, phục hồi năng lượng
• unwind from: thư giãn, xả stress từ
• hustle and bustle: sự hối hả, ồn ào của cuộc sống
• escape to: trốn tới, đi tới nơi nào để tránh xa
• recharge one’s batteries: nạp lại năng lượng

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Question: What kind of natural scenery do you prefer – mountains or beaches?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Chọn một trong hai hoặc cả hai
• Giải thích preference với lý do cụ thể
• So sánh ngắn gọn nếu có thể

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I prefer beaches to mountains. I like swimming and lying on the sand. The sound of waves is very peaceful. Mountains are beautiful too, but I think beaches are more relaxing for me.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Có sự lựa chọn rõ ràng, đưa ra lý do và so sánh
• Hạn chế: Vocabulary lặp lại (beautiful, relaxing), thiếu descriptive language, cấu trúc câu đơn giản
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Truyền đạt ý tốt nhưng thiếu sophistication trong cách diễn đạt

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

I’d have to say I’m more drawn to coastal landscapes. There’s something deeply therapeutic about the rhythmic sound of waves and the vast expanse of the ocean that really resonates with me. While mountains offer breathtaking views and a sense of grandeur, I find that beaches provide a more serene atmosphere where I can truly disconnect and let my mind wander.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh:
  • Vocabulary: therapeutic, rhythmic sound, vast expanse, grandeur, serene atmosphere
  • Structure: While + clause để tạo contrast
  • Personal connection: “resonates with me”, “let my mind wander”
  • Descriptive language: breathtaking views, deeply therapeutic
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Lexical Resource: Precise và evocative vocabulary
  • Grammatical Range: Complex sentences với subordinate clauses
  • Coherence: Logical flow từ preference → comparison → personal feeling
  • Naturalness: Sounds như native speaker expressing genuine preference

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• be drawn to: bị thu hút bởi
• therapeutic (adj): có tác dụng chữa lành, thư giãn
• rhythmic sound: âm thanh nhịp nhàng
• vast expanse: không gian rộng lớn bao la
• resonate with someone: gây tiếng vang, tạo cảm xúc sâu sắc với ai
• grandeur (n): sự hùng vĩ, tráng lệ
• serene atmosphere: bầu không khí yên bình
• let one’s mind wander: để tâm trí lang thang, suy nghĩ tự do

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Question: How often do you visit natural places?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Nói về tần suất cụ thể (daily, weekly, monthly)
• Giải thích lý do cho frequency này
• Đưa ví dụ về loại địa điểm thường đi

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I don’t visit natural places very often, maybe once or twice a month. I’m quite busy with work during the week. When I have free time on weekends, I try to go to parks or go hiking in nearby mountains.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Tần suất rõ ràng, có lý do và ví dụ cụ thể
• Hạn chế: Cấu trúc đơn giản, từ vựng cơ bản (busy, free time), thiếu variety trong expression
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Communicative và clear nhưng chưa impressive về language use

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

To be honest, not as frequently as I’d like – I’d say roughly once or twice a month. My hectic work schedule tends to get in the way of my outdoor adventures. However, whenever I manage to carve out some time, I make it a point to immerse myself in nature, whether it’s trekking through forest trails or simply lounging by a lake. I’m actually trying to make it more of a priority this year.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh:
  • Honesty: “not as frequently as I’d like” – natural và relatable
  • Vocabulary: hectic schedule, carve out time, immerse myself in
  • Phrasal verbs: get in the way of, trekking through, lounging by
  • Future intention: shows reflection và planning
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Fluency: Natural discourse markers (to be honest, however)
  • Vocabulary: Collocations chính xác và varied
  • Grammar: Mix of tenses, conditional (I’d like)
  • Coherence: Clear progression: frequency → reason → examples → future plan

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• roughly: khoảng chừng, xấp xỉ
• hectic schedule: lịch trình bận rộn, dày đặc
• get in the way of: cản trở, ngăn cản
• carve out time: dành ra thời gian (từ lịch bận rộn)
• immerse myself in: đắm chìm, hòa mình vào
• trek through: đi bộ xuyên qua (địa hình khó)
• lounge by: nằm thư giãn bên cạnh
• make it a priority: đặt điều gì làm ưu tiên

Học viên đang luyện tập IELTS Speaking Part 1 về chủ đề cảnh quan thiên nhiên với giáo viên

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IELTS Speaking Part 2: Long Turn (Cue Card)

Tổng Quan Về Part 2

Part 2 là phần độc thoại quan trọng nhất, kéo dài 2-3 phút nói liên tục. Bạn có 1 phút chuẩn bị với giấy và bút để ghi chú. Đây là cơ hội để thể hiện khả năng diễn đạt mạch lạc, sử dụng từ vựng phong phú và cấu trúc ngữ pháp đa dạng.

Chiến lược thành công:

• Sử dụng hết 1 phút chuẩn bị: Ghi keywords cho mỗi bullet point, KHÔNG viết câu hoàn chỉnh
• Nói đủ thời gian: Tối thiểu 1.5 phút, lý tưởng là 2-2.5 phút
• Trả lời đầy đủ: Cover tất cả bullet points, đặc biệt là phần “explain”
• Sử dụng thì phù hợp: Thường là quá khứ (nếu mô tả trải nghiệm) hoặc hiện tại (nếu mô tả điều đang tồn tại)
• Tạo cấu trúc rõ ràng: Introduction → Body (theo bullet points) → Conclusion

Lỗi thường gặp:

• Không tận dụng thời gian chuẩn bị, bắt đầu nói ngay
• Nói dưới 1.5 phút rồi im lặng awkwardly
• Bỏ sót bullet points, đặc biệt là phần “explain”
• Lạc đề, nói về những thứ không liên quan
• Sử dụng quá nhiều filler words (um, uh, like)

Cue Card

Describe a natural landscape that you find fascinating

You should say:

• Where this landscape is located
• What it looks like
• When you first saw it (or learned about it)
• And explain why you find it fascinating

Phân Tích Đề Bài

Dạng câu hỏi: Describe a place – Natural landscape

Thì động từ chủ yếu:

• Hiện tại đơn (mô tả đặc điểm địa điểm)
• Quá khứ đơn (kể về lần đầu nhìn thấy)
• Hiện tại hoàn thành (kinh nghiệm liên quan)

Bullet points phải cover:

1. Location: Địa điểm cụ thể, có thể thêm context về khu vực
2. Appearance: Mô tả chi tiết visual features – màu sắc, hình dạng, đặc điểm nổi bật
3. First encounter: Câu chuyện về lần đầu tiên, hoàn cảnh, cảm xúc
4. Explain fascination: Phần QUAN TRỌNG nhất – tại sao hấp dẫn (emotional, visual, personal connection)

Câu “explain” quan trọng: Đây là phần chiếm nhiều điểm nhất vì examiner muốn nghe suy nghĩ sâu sắc, không chỉ mô tả bề ngoài. Bạn cần đưa ra personal reflection, emotions, và possibly wider significance.

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7

Thời lượng: Khoảng 1.5-2 phút

I’d like to talk about Ha Long Bay, which is a famous natural landscape in Vietnam. It’s located in the north of Vietnam, in Quang Ninh province, about 170 kilometers from Hanoi.

Ha Long Bay is really beautiful. It has thousands of limestone islands and rocks rising from the emerald green water. The islands have different shapes and sizes. Some islands are very big and have caves inside them. The water is very clear and calm, especially in the morning. When I visited, I saw many boats and ships traveling between the islands.

I first visited Ha Long Bay when I was 15 years old. My family went there for a summer vacation. We stayed on a boat for two days and one night. During that trip, we visited some caves, went swimming, and watched the sunset from the boat. The weather was good and the scenery was amazing.

I find Ha Long Bay fascinating because of its natural beauty. The landscape is very unique – you cannot see this kind of scenery in many places. It makes me feel peaceful and relaxed when I’m there. The combination of water, rocks, and sky creates a perfect picture. Also, Ha Long Bay is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which makes it more special. I think everyone should visit this place at least once in their life because it shows the amazing beauty of nature in Vietnam.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	6-7	Nói mạch lạc với clear structure. Sử dụng basic linking words (when, during, also, because). Có một vài hesitations nhẹ nhưng không ảnh hưởng communication
Lexical Resource	6-7	Vocabulary adequate và appropriate (limestone islands, emerald green, UNESCO World Heritage Site). Tuy nhiên còn lặp lại từ đơn giản (beautiful, amazing, good) và thiếu variety
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	6-7	Mix của simple và complex sentences. Có sử dụng relative clauses (which is, which makes). Thì động từ accurate. Nhưng thiếu advanced structures
Pronunciation	6-7	Clear và dễ hiểu. Word stress cơ bản đúng. Intonation tự nhiên nhưng chưa có variety đáng kể

Điểm mạnh:

• ✅ Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả bullet points
• ✅ Có cấu trúc rõ ràng theo từng phần
• ✅ Đưa ra personal experience cụ thể
• ✅ Giải thích được tại sao fascinating

Hạn chế:

• ⚠️ Vocabulary chưa sophisticated, nhiều từ descriptive đơn giản
• ⚠️ Thiếu idiomatic expressions và collocations nâng cao
• ⚠️ Grammar structures chưa đa dạng
• ⚠️ Phần “explain” chưa thể hiện depth of thought

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 7.5-8

Thời lượng: Khoảng 2-2.5 phút

I’d like to describe Ha Long Bay, which I consider to be one of the most breathtaking natural landscapes I’ve ever encountered. It’s situated in northeastern Vietnam, specifically in Quang Ninh province, roughly 170 kilometers from the capital city of Hanoi.

What makes Ha Long Bay so visually striking is its dramatic seascape featuring thousands of towering limestone karsts and islands jutting out from the emerald waters. These rugged formations have been sculpted by millions of years of erosion, creating an almost otherworldly landscape. The water itself shifts in color depending on the time of day – from a deep jade green in the morning to a shimmering turquoise under the afternoon sun. Many of the larger islands are riddled with caves and hidden grottos, adding an element of mystery to the scenery.

I first laid eyes on this magnificent landscape when I was 15, during a family vacation. We embarked on a traditional junk boat cruise that lasted two days. I still vividly remember the moment our boat rounded the first cluster of islands – I was absolutely spellbound. We explored ancient cave systems, went kayaking through secluded lagoons, and witnessed one of the most spectacular sunsets I’ve ever seen, with the limestone peaks silhouetted against a golden sky.

What truly captivates me about Ha Long Bay is not just its undeniable beauty, but the sense of timelessness it evokes. Standing there, surrounded by these ancient rock formations, you can’t help but feel humbled by nature’s power. There’s something deeply meditative about watching the gentle waves lap against the limestone, knowing this landscape has existed for millions of years. Furthermore, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it represents both geological significance and cultural heritage. The bay embodies the raw, unspoiled beauty that’s becoming increasingly rare in our modern world, which makes it all the more precious to me.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	7.5-8	Nói trôi chảy với minimal hesitation. Linking devices sophisticated (Furthermore, specifically, depending on). Cohesion tốt với pronoun reference và lexical chains
Lexical Resource	7.5-8	Wide range với less common vocabulary (towering karsts, jutting out, riddled with, spellbound, timelessness). Collocations chính xác (dramatic seascape, hidden grottos). Có một số paraphrasing tốt
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	7.5-8	Variety of complex structures (passive voice, participle clauses, relative clauses). Mix tenses accurately. Có inversion và cleft sentences
Pronunciation	7.5-8	Clear với varied intonation. Word stress và sentence stress effective. Chunking tốt cho meaning

So Sánh Với Band 6-7

Khía cạnh	Band 6-7	Band 7.5-8
Vocabulary	“really beautiful”, “amazing”	“breathtaking”, “visually striking”, “otherworldly landscape”
Grammar	“The water is very clear”	“The water shifts in color depending on the time of day”
Ideas	“It makes me feel peaceful”	“There’s something deeply meditative about… you can’t help but feel humbled by nature’s power”
Descriptive power	Basic adjectives	Vivid imagery với sensory details

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 8.5-9

Thời lượng: 2.5-3 phút đầy đủ

I’d like to talk about Ha Long Bay, a truly awe-inspiring natural wonder that never fails to take my breath away, no matter how many times I visit. Nestled along the northeastern coast of Vietnam in Quang Ninh province, approximately 170 kilometers from Hanoi, this UNESCO-recognized masterpiece comprises over 1,600 limestone islands and islets scattered across roughly 1,500 square kilometers of emerald waters.

What sets Ha Long Bay apart from other seascapes is its absolutely ethereal beauty and geological uniqueness. Imagine thousands of towering karst formations rising majestically from a glassy expanse of jade-colored water, each one weathered and sculpted by millions of years of wind and wave erosion into fantastical shapes. These monolithic limestone pillars create a labyrinthine seascape that shifts and transforms with every change in light and weather. At dawn, gossamer mists weave between the islands, creating an almost mystical atmosphere, while by midday, the sun illuminates the sheer cliff faces, revealing countless shades of grey, green, and ochre. Many formations are honeycombed with caves and hidden grottos, some containing ancient stalactites and stalagmites that have been forming for millennia.

My first encounter with this landscape came when I was 15, but it left an indelible mark on my memory. My family embarked on a two-day junk boat expedition, and I can still recall the profound sense of wonder I felt as we glided through the bay at sunset. The interplay of light and shadow on the limestone formations, combined with the mirror-like quality of the water, created a scene of such surreal beauty that it almost defied description. We ventured into pristine cave systems adorned with spectacular rock formations, kayaked through secluded lagoons accessible only at low tide, and witnessed breathtaking panoramas from elevated vantage points. But what truly captivated me was a quiet moment at dawn when I stood on the boat’s deck, watching the first rays of sunlight pierce through the morning mist – it felt almost transcendent.

What makes Ha Long Bay so endlessly fascinating to me goes far beyond its obvious aesthetic appeal. On a deeper level, it represents the incomprehensible timescale of geological processes – these formations have been evolving for over 500 million years, which puts human existence into humbling perspective. There’s something profoundly meditative about being dwarfed by such ancient natural architecture. Moreover, the bay embodies a delicate ecological balance that’s increasingly rare in our anthropocene era. It serves as a powerful reminder of nature’s resilience and fragility simultaneously – these islands have withstood millions of years of natural forces, yet they’re now vulnerable to human impact through tourism and climate change. On a personal level, Ha Long Bay resonates with me because it encapsulates the kind of raw, unspoiled grandeur that reconnects us with something primal and essential in our relationship with the natural world. In our hyper-connected, urban-dominated lives, places like this offer not just visual pleasure, but a vital spiritual sanctuary where we can recalibrate our sense of place in the universe.

Vịnh Hạ Long với hàng nghìn đảo đá vôi nhô lên từ mặt nước xanh biếc, cảnh quan thiên nhiên nổi tiếng của Việt Nam

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	8.5-9	Hoàn toàn fluent với seamless delivery. Sophisticated discourse markers (Moreover, On a deeper level, In our…). Cohesion xuất sắc với cohesive devices và clear progression of ideas
Lexical Resource	8.5-9	Exceptional range với precise, sophisticated vocabulary (ethereal, labyrinthine, gossamer mists, indelible mark, transcendent, anthropocene era). Natural idioms và collocations. Skillful paraphrasing
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	8.5-9	Full range of structures sử dụng naturally. Complex sentences với multiple clauses. Advanced features (inversion, cleft sentences, participle clauses) không làm ảnh hưởng naturalness
Pronunciation	8.5-9	Native-like features với varied intonation patterns. Perfect stress và rhythm. Chunking excellent for conveying nuanced meaning

Tại Sao Bài Này Xuất Sắc

🎯 Fluency Hoàn Hảo:
Bài nói này demonstrates absolute fluency với không có hesitation. Speaker sử dụng natural discourse markers để guide listener through different aspects một cách seamless. Transitions giữa các ideas rất smooth và logical.

📚 Vocabulary Tinh Vi:

• “gossamer mists weave between” – Cụm này evokes a delicate, ethereal image với “gossamer” (mỏng manh như tơ nhện) và động từ “weave” tạo chuyển động
• “left an indelible mark” – Idiomatic expression chỉ lasting impression, sophisticated hơn “I remember it well”
• “puts human existence into humbling perspective” – Demonstrates ability to express abstract philosophical concepts
• “anthropocene era” – Academic term showing wide knowledge
• “recalibrate our sense of place” – Metaphorical language từ technical field được sử dụng creatively

📝 Grammar Đa Dạng:

• “Imagine thousands of towering karst formations rising majestically…” – Imperative + present participle tạo vivid, immediate imagery
• “What sets Ha Long Bay apart… is…” – Cleft sentence for emphasis
• “…these formations have been evolving for over 500 million years, which puts…” – Perfect aspect + relative clause với clear temporal reference
• “It serves as a powerful reminder…” – Formal register với abstract subject

💡 Ideas Sâu Sắc:
Bài này goes beyond simple description để explore:

• Geological timescales và perspective on human existence
• Ecological significance và environmental concerns
• Personal spiritual connection với nature
• Broader philosophical themes về modernity và need for natural spaces
• Balance between resilience và vulnerability of nature

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Follow-up Questions (Rounding Off Questions)

Sau Part 2, examiner thường hỏi 1-2 câu ngắn để wrap up trước khi chuyển sang Part 3.

Question 1: Would you like to visit this place again?

Band 6-7 Answer:
Yes, definitely. I would like to go back to Ha Long Bay because I really enjoyed it the first time. There are still many places I didn’t see, so I want to explore more.

Band 8-9 Answer:
Absolutely! I’d jump at the chance to return to Ha Long Bay. Despite having visited multiple times, it never loses its magic – there’s always something new to discover, whether it’s a hidden cove I haven’t explored or simply experiencing the landscape under different weather conditions. Each visit offers a fresh perspective.

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Question 2: Do you think this place has changed since your first visit?

Band 6-7 Answer:
Yes, I think it has changed a bit. There are more tourists now than before, and more hotels and restaurants have been built. The development is good for the local economy, but sometimes there are too many people.

Band 8-9 Answer:
I’d say there’s been quite a noticeable transformation, particularly in terms of tourism infrastructure. While the core natural beauty remains intact, the proliferation of tourist boats and facilities has certainly altered the experience. It’s a delicate balancing act between economic development and environmental preservation – one that many natural attractions grapple with nowadays.

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IELTS Speaking Part 3: Two-way Discussion

Tổng Quan Về Part 3

Part 3 là phần thảo luận chuyên sâu kéo dài 4-5 phút, nơi examiner sẽ hỏi những câu hỏi trừu tượng và phức tạp liên quan đến chủ đề Part 2. Đây là phần khó nhất nhưng cũng là cơ hội để showcase analytical thinking và language proficiency ở mức cao nhất.

Yêu cầu:

• Phân tích vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ
• So sánh, đánh giá, và đưa ra opinions có lý lẽ
• Thảo luận về broader implications
• Xem xét causes, effects, solutions
• Thừa nhận complexity của issues

Chiến lược:

• Mở rộng câu trả lời: 3-5 câu là lý tưởng, structure: Direct answer → Reason/Explanation → Example → Further point/Nuance
• Sử dụng discourse markers: Well, Actually, I think, On the one hand, Having said that
• Đưa ra examples societal: Không chỉ personal examples như Part 1
• Thừa nhận different perspectives: “While some people think…, others argue that…”
• Use tentative language: I would say, It seems to me, To some extent, arguably

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Trả lời quá ngắn, không elaborate
• Chỉ nêu opinion mà không có supporting reasons
• Examples quá personal, thiếu broader social context
• Thiếu từ vựng abstract và academic
• Không acknowledge complexity hoặc alternative views
• Sử dụng quá nhiều “I think” mà không vary expressions

Các Câu Hỏi Thảo Luận Sâu

Theme 1: Environmental Protection and Conservation

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Question 1: Why do you think it’s important to protect natural landscapes?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Reasons/Importance – Yêu cầu giải thích significance
• Key words: important, protect, natural landscapes
• Cách tiếp cận: Đưa ra 2-3 lý do main (environmental, economic, social/cultural) với supporting details

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I think protecting natural landscapes is very important for several reasons. First, these places are home to many animals and plants, so we need to protect them to maintain biodiversity. Second, natural landscapes are good for tourism, which brings money to local communities. Also, they provide fresh air and water, which are essential for human life. If we don’t protect these places, future generations won’t be able to enjoy them. Many countries now have laws to protect natural areas, which is a good thing.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Có intro + 3 reasons + consequence + current situation
• Vocabulary: Adequate với biodiversity, essential, generations
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Communicates main ideas clearly nhưng lacks sophistication. Reasons straightforward mà không delve deeply. Vocabulary functional nhưng không impressive.

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

Well, I’d say the preservation of natural landscapes is paramount for multiple interconnected reasons. First and foremost, from an ecological standpoint, these landscapes serve as vital ecosystems that harbor incredible biodiversity – they’re essentially the backbone of our planet’s environmental health. When we degrade or destroy these areas, we’re not just losing beautiful scenery; we’re disrupting complex ecological networks that have evolved over millennia.

Beyond the environmental imperative, there’s also a compelling economic argument. Natural landscapes underpin sustainable tourism industries that generate substantial revenue for local communities while providing livelihoods for millions globally. Moreover, these areas offer what economists call “ecosystem services” – water purification, climate regulation, carbon sequestration – functions that would cost billions to replicate artificially.

On a more philosophical level, I believe natural landscapes fulfill a profound human need for connection with the natural world. They serve as antidotes to our increasingly urbanized, digitized existence, offering spaces for psychological restoration and spiritual renewal. The reality is that once these landscapes are compromised, they’re virtually impossible to restore to their original state, which makes their protection not just important but absolutely critical for both current and future generations.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Masterful organization – Environmental → Economic → Philosophical/Psychological, với clear progression và sophisticated transitions
• Vocabulary:
  • Academic: paramount, interconnected, ecological standpoint, evolved over millennia
  • Economic terms: underpin, ecosystem services, carbon sequestration
  • Metaphorical: backbone, antidotes to, psychological restoration
• Grammar:
  • Complex nominalization: “the degradation of”, “the preservation of”
  • Conditional structures: “would cost billions”
  • Emphatic structures: “not just… but…”
• Critical Thinking:
  • Multi-faceted analysis (environmental + economic + social)
  • Acknowledges interconnections
  • Uses technical terminology accurately
  • Addresses both practical và philosophical dimensions

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: First and foremost, Beyond…, Moreover, On a more philosophical level, The reality is
• Tentative language: I’d say, I believe, what economists call
• Abstract nouns: preservation, imperative, biodiversity, disruption, antidotes, restoration
• Powerful collocations: paramount importance, compelling argument, profound human need, virtually impossible

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Question 2: How can governments encourage people to visit natural places responsibly?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Solutions/Methods – Yêu cầu suggest practical measures
• Key words: governments, encourage, responsibly
• Cách tiếp cận: List 2-3 methods với explanation về how và why they work

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Governments can encourage responsible tourism in several ways. They can create educational programs to teach people about protecting nature. For example, putting up signs in natural parks that tell visitors not to litter or damage plants. They can also make rules and give fines to people who break them. Another way is to limit the number of visitors to popular places to prevent overcrowding. Some countries also use social media to promote good behavior when visiting natural areas.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear với multiple methods listed
• Vocabulary: Basic educational vocabulary, functional
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Ideas clear và relevant nhưng lacks depth in explanation. Methods listed nhưng không analyze effectiveness hoặc challenges.

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

This is actually a multifaceted challenge that requires a comprehensive approach. I’d argue that the most effective strategy involves a combination of education, regulation, and positive reinforcement.

On the educational front, governments could implement widespread public awareness campaigns that go beyond simple “don’t litter” messages to actually foster a deeper understanding of ecological fragility and human impact. For instance, interactive visitor centers that demonstrate how even seemingly minor actions – like straying off designated paths – can trigger soil erosion and habitat degradation. This kind of knowledge-based approach tends to be more effective than punitive measures alone because it cultivates genuine environmental stewardship rather than mere rule compliance.

In terms of regulation, implementing smart carrying capacity limits – essentially capping the number of daily visitors to ecologically sensitive areas – has proven successful in places like the Galapagos Islands. However, this needs to be coupled with dynamic pricing strategies where fees are adjusted based on seasonal demand, which simultaneously generates revenue for conservation while distributing visitor impact more evenly throughout the year.

Perhaps most innovatively, governments could introduce “responsible tourism incentive programs” where visitors who demonstrate eco-friendly behavior – such as participating in clean-up activities or using public transportation – receive tangible benefits like discounted entry fees or priority booking. This kind of gamification taps into human psychology more effectively than top-down enforcement, making responsible behavior feel rewarding rather than restrictive.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Exceptionally organized – Introduction stating approach → Education method with example → Regulation method with example → Innovation with psychological insight → Implicit conclusion
• Vocabulary:
  • Policy language: implement, comprehensive approach, carrying capacity, dynamic pricing
  • Academic: multifaceted, ecological fragility, habitat degradation, cultivates
  • Business/Psychology: positive reinforcement, gamification, tangible benefits
• Grammar:
  • Complex noun phrases: “knowledge-based approach”, “punitive measures”
  • Passive constructions: “has proven successful”, “are adjusted”
  • Comparative structures: “more effective than”
• Critical Thinking:
  • Discusses not just WHAT but WHY methods work
  • Provides real-world examples (Galapagos)
  • Acknowledges psychology behind behavior change
  • Balances different approaches (education vs regulation vs incentives)

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: On the educational front, In terms of, Perhaps most innovatively
• Hedging devices: I’d argue that, tends to be, could introduce
• Technical vocabulary: carrying capacity, ecological fragility, dynamic pricing, gamification
• Cause-effect language: trigger, cultivates, generates, taps into

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Theme 2: Tourism and Economic Impact

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Question 3: What are the advantages and disadvantages of developing tourism in natural areas?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Advantages & Disadvantages – Balanced analysis
• Key words: developing tourism, natural areas
• Cách tiếp cận: Present both sides fairly, possibly với personal conclusion về balance

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Tourism in natural areas has both good and bad points. On the positive side, it creates jobs for local people, like tour guides, hotel workers, and restaurant staff. It also brings money that can be used to protect the environment. Tourists spend money on entrance fees and souvenirs, which helps the local economy grow.

However, there are also disadvantages. Too many tourists can damage the environment – they may drop litter, disturb wildlife, or destroy plants. Building hotels and roads can also harm nature. Sometimes tourism makes things more expensive for local people. In my opinion, tourism can be good if it’s managed carefully, but it needs to be balanced with environmental protection.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear IELTS format với advantages → disadvantages → opinion
• Vocabulary: Adequate với functional language (creates jobs, harm nature, managed carefully)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Covers both sides adequately nhưng analysis shallow. Examples general rather than specific. Language functional nhưng không sophisticated.

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

This is quite a contentious issue that really highlights the inherent tension between economic development and environmental conservation. Let me explore both dimensions.

On the one hand, the benefits of tourism in natural areas can be quite substantial. Most obviously, it injects much-needed capital into often economically marginalized regions, creating employment opportunities that span multiple sectors – from hospitality and guiding services to handicraft production and transportation. What’s particularly noteworthy is that when tourism revenue is strategically channeled into conservation efforts, it creates a virtuous cycle where the economic incentive to protect nature aligns with environmental goals. Costa Rica exemplifies this model brilliantly, where ecotourism has become both an economic pillar and a conservation driver.

That said, the flip side presents some sobering realities. Unregulated or poorly managed tourism development can wreak havoc on fragile ecosystems. We’ve seen countless examples of overtourism leading to habitat destruction, water resource depletion, and pollution. Places like Thailand’s Maya Bay had to be temporarily closed because tourist traffic had decimated coral reef systems. Beyond the direct environmental impact, there’s also the issue of “tourism leakage” where profits get siphoned off to foreign companies rather than benefiting local communities, and the cultural commodification that can occur when indigenous cultures are reduced to tourist attractions.

I’d argue that the key lies in what’s termed “sustainable tourism” – a delicate equilibrium where visitor numbers are calibrated to the environment’s carrying capacity, where local communities are genuine stakeholders in tourism planning, and where a significant portion of revenue is ring-fenced for conservation. It’s not an easy balance to strike, but with robust governance and community involvement, the advantages can outweigh the drawbacks.

Du lịch sinh thái bền vững tại cảnh quan thiên nhiên Việt Nam với du khách trải nghiệm có trách nhiệm

Phân tích:

• Structure: Sophisticated – Introduction acknowledging tension → Advantages with example → Disadvantages with example → Nuanced conclusion about balance
• Vocabulary:
  • Academic: contentious issue, inherent tension, economically marginalized, strategically channeled
  • Economic terms: injects capital, virtuous cycle, economic pillar, tourism leakage
  • Environmental: fragile ecosystems, habitat destruction, carrying capacity, ring-fenced for conservation
  • Advanced expressions: wreak havoc on, decimated, sobering realities, delicate equilibrium
• Grammar:
  • Cleft sentences: “What’s particularly noteworthy is that…”
  • Passive with agency: “where profits get siphoned off”
  • Conditional structures: “when tourism revenue is channeled”
  • Nominalization: “the commodification”, “the involvement”
• Critical Thinking:
  • Balanced analysis với real examples (Costa Rica, Maya Bay)
  • Introduces concepts (tourism leakage, cultural commodification)
  • Acknowledges complexity (“not an easy balance”)
  • Proposes solution (sustainable tourism model)

💡 Key Language Features:

• Contrast markers: On the one hand, That said, Beyond
• Emphasis structures: What’s particularly noteworthy, Most obviously
• Cautious language: I’d argue that, can be, presents some
• Academic collocations: inherent tension, robust governance, genuine stakeholders

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Theme 3: Urban vs Natural Environments

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Question 4: Do you think people today appreciate natural landscapes as much as people did in the past?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Compare past and present + Opinion
• Key words: today, appreciate, as much as, in the past
• Cách tiếp cận: Compare attitudes, acknowledge changes trong lifestyle và values, possibly discuss reasons for changes

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I think people’s appreciation of nature has changed over time. In the past, people lived closer to nature and depended on it more for their daily life, so maybe they understood it better. Today, many people live in cities and spend most of their time indoors or using technology. This means they have less connection with nature.

However, I also think modern people are starting to appreciate nature more because of environmental problems like pollution and climate change. They realize that nature is important and needs to be protected. Many young people now enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and camping. Social media has also helped because people share beautiful nature photos, which makes others want to visit these places too.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Past → Present → Counter-argument về modern appreciation
• Vocabulary: Basic với some good points (connection with nature, environmental problems)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Addresses both sides nhưng analysis superficial. Lacks nuance about different types of appreciation. Examples general.

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

This is quite a nuanced question because I think we need to distinguish between different types of appreciation. Let me unpack this a bit.

Historically speaking, people in the past certainly had a more intimate, utilitarian relationship with natural landscapes – their livelihoods were often directly contingent upon healthy ecosystems, whether for agriculture, fishing, or hunting. This fostered a pragmatic understanding of nature’s rhythms and importance. However, I’d question whether this necessarily translated into the kind of aesthetic or conservation-minded appreciation we associate with the concept today. For many, nature was simply the backdrop to subsistence living rather than something to be romanticized or consciously preserved.

In contrast, modern society has developed what I’d call a more conscious but paradoxical relationship with natural landscapes. On the surface, the rampant urbanization and screen-dominated lifestyles suggest a profound disconnect – many people, particularly in cities, can go days without any meaningful encounter with nature. Yet simultaneously, there’s been an unprecedented surge in environmental consciousness and active appreciation. The wilderness has transformed from merely a resource to be exploited into something intrinsically valuable worthy of protection.

What’s fascinating is that this appreciation often manifests through a kind of “curated nature experience” – think Instagram-worthy photo spots or adventure tourism – which is qualitatively different from the embedded, everyday relationship our ancestors had. Some might argue this represents a more superficial engagement, but I’d counter that the sheer scale of modern conservation movements, environmental activism, and eco-consciousness demonstrates a deeper, more informed appreciation than perhaps ever before, even if it’s mediated through technology and modern lifestyles.

Ultimately, I’d say it’s not so much that we appreciate nature less or more, but rather differently – we’ve traded intimate daily familiarity for intentional, conscious valuing, which has both merits and limitations.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Exceptional – Introduction noting complexity → Historical perspective with nuance → Modern perspective with paradox → Synthesis showing evolution rather than simple comparison
• Vocabulary:
  • Historical: intimate relationship, directly contingent upon, pragmatic understanding, romanticized
  • Modern concepts: rampant urbanization, unprecedented surge, curated experience, eco-consciousness
  • Abstract: nuanced, qualitatively different, embedded relationship, mediated through
• Grammar:
  • Sophisticated hedging: I’d question whether, Some might argue, I’d counter that
  • Contrasts: On the surface… Yet simultaneously
  • Transformation structures: has transformed from… into
• Critical Thinking:
  • Challenges simplistic past vs present comparison
  • Introduces distinction between types of appreciation
  • Acknowledges paradox trong modern relationship
  • Avoids definitive judgment, recognizes complexity
  • Synthesizes rather than chooses sides

💡 Key Language Features:

• Signposting complexity: quite a nuanced question, Let me unpack this, What’s fascinating
• Hedging and speculation: I’d question whether, I’d call, might argue, I’d counter that
• Contrast structures: Historically speaking… In contrast, On the surface… Yet simultaneously
• Abstract reasoning: qualitatively different, intrinsically valuable, mediated through

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Question 5: How might climate change affect natural landscapes in the future?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Future speculation + Cause-Effect
• Key words: climate change, affect, natural landscapes, future
• Cách tiếp cận: Discuss multiple potential impacts với examples, acknowledge uncertainty

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Climate change will probably have many negative effects on natural landscapes. Rising temperatures will make some areas hotter and drier, which could turn forests into deserts. Ice and snow in mountain areas will melt, changing the landscape completely. Sea levels are rising, so coastal areas and islands might be flooded. This will destroy beaches and other coastal landscapes.

Many animals and plants won’t be able to survive in changing conditions, so biodiversity will decrease. Weather patterns are also changing, with more extreme events like floods and storms, which can damage natural areas. Scientists are very worried about these changes, and we need to take action now to reduce climate change and protect our natural landscapes for the future.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear với multiple effects listed logically
• Vocabulary: Adequate environmental vocabulary (biodiversity, sea levels, weather patterns)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Covers main points appropriately nhưng lacks sophistication. Language straightforward. Misses opportunity để discuss complexity hoặc use conditional structures extensively.

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

Well, this is undoubtedly one of the most pressing environmental questions of our time, and the projected impacts are quite sobering. Based on current climate models, we’re likely to see dramatic and potentially irreversible transformations across multiple landscape types.

Perhaps the most visible changes will occur in polar and alpine regions, where accelerated glacial retreat is already well underway. Landscapes that have been characterized by ice and snow for millennia could be rendered unrecognizable within decades. The ramifications extend beyond aesthetics – the loss of glacier-fed water systems will fundamentally alter downstream ecosystems, affecting everything from river morphology to agricultural viability in regions that rely on glacial meltwater.

Coastal landscapes face an equally precarious future. With sea-level rise projected to accelerate, we’re looking at the potential inundation of not just low-lying areas but entire island nations and coastal wetlands that serve as critical wildlife habitats. Places like the Mekong Delta or the Sundarbans stand to lose significant portions of their current extent, displacing both human and animal populations.

In tropical regions, shifting rainfall patterns and increased temperatures could trigger a cascading series of changes – coral reef bleaching, rainforest dieback in areas experiencing prolonged drought, and the expansion of desert boundaries. What concerns scientists most is the potential for “tipping points” – threshold moments where ecosystems flip into entirely different states that are virtually impossible to reverse.

I should emphasize that there’s considerable uncertainty in predicting the precise magnitude and timeline of these changes – climate systems are extraordinarily complex. However, the overall trajectory is clear enough that precautionary action is warranted. The landscapes we’re discussing aren’t just pretty scenery; they’re integral components of Earth’s life-support systems, and their degradation will have far-reaching consequences for human civilization as well.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Outstanding – Introduction emphasizing importance → Polar/Alpine impacts → Coastal impacts → Tropical impacts → Acknowledgment of uncertainty + call to action
• Vocabulary:
  • Scientific: climate models, glacial retreat, river morphology, cascading series, tipping points
  • Environmental: inundation, wildlife habitats, coral bleaching, rainforest dieback, degradation
  • Academic: pressing questions, projected impacts, ramifications, precautionary action, far-reaching consequences
• Grammar:
  • Future speculation: will occur, could be rendered, stand to lose, could trigger
  • Passive scientific voice: is projected to, that are virtually impossible
  • Conditional structures: where ecosystems flip into
  • Complex noun phrases: accelerated glacial retreat, threshold moments
• Critical Thinking:
  • Systematic coverage of different landscape types
  • Discusses both direct và indirect effects
  • Introduces scientific concepts (tipping points)
  • Acknowledges uncertainty trong predictions
  • Connects landscape changes to broader human impacts

💡 Key Language Features:

• Emphasizing importance: undoubtedly one of the most pressing, sobering, What concerns scientists most
• Scientific hedging: likely to see, projected to, potential for, considerable uncertainty
• Cause-effect language: trigger, rendering, leading to, ramifications extend
• Future forms variety: will occur, are likely to see, could trigger, stand to lose

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Từ vựng và cụm từ quan trọng

Topic-Specific Vocabulary

Từ vựng/Cụm từ	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ	Collocation
breathtaking	adj	/ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/	ngoạn mục, đẹp đến ngỡ ngàng	The mountain vista was absolutely breathtaking at sunrise.	breathtaking view, breathtaking scenery, breathtaking beauty
pristine	adj	/ˈprɪstiːn/	nguyên sơ, tinh khiết	The lake remained pristine despite nearby development.	pristine wilderness, pristine condition, pristine waters
rugged	adj	/ˈrʌɡɪd/	gồ ghề, hiểm trở	The rugged terrain made hiking challenging but rewarding.	rugged landscape, rugged coastline, rugged mountains
cascade	n/v	/kæˈskeɪd/	thác nước; đổ xuống như thác	Water cascaded down the cliff face into a crystal pool.	cascade of water, cascade down, waterfall cascades
sprawling	adj	/ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/	trải dài rộng lớn	The sprawling valley stretched for miles in every direction.	sprawling landscape, sprawling forest, sprawling vista
limestone karst	n	/ˈlaɪmstoʊn kɑːrst/	núi đá vôi (địa hình karst)	The limestone karsts jutted dramatically from the water.	limestone formations, karst topography, karst landscape
biodiversity	n	/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/	đa dạng sinh học	The rainforest harbors incredible biodiversity.	rich biodiversity, protect biodiversity, biodiversity hotspot
ecosystem	n	/ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/	hệ sinh thái	Coral reefs are delicate ecosystems that need protection.	fragile ecosystem, marine ecosystem, ecosystem services
conservation	n	/ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃn/	bảo tồn, gìn giữ	Conservation efforts have helped protect endangered species.	conservation efforts, wildlife conservation, nature conservation
habitat	n	/ˈhæbɪtæt/	môi trường sống	Deforestation destroys the natural habitat of many animals.	natural habitat, wildlife habitat, critical habitat
topography	n	/təˈpɒɡrəfi/	địa hình	The diverse topography includes mountains, valleys, and plateaus.	varied topography, rugged topography, coastal topography
vista	n	/ˈvɪstə/	tầm nhìn rộng, quang cảnh	The summit offered panoramic vistas of the entire region.	panoramic vista, breathtaking vista, sweeping vista
spellbound	adj	/ˈspelbaʊnd/	mê hoặc, bị quyến rũ	I was absolutely spellbound by the beauty of the canyon.	leave someone spellbound, stand spellbound, held spellbound
ethereal	adj	/ɪˈθɪriəl/	hư ảo, siêu thực	The mist created an ethereal atmosphere in the forest.	ethereal beauty, ethereal quality, ethereal landscape
majesty	n	/ˈmædʒəsti/	sự hùng vĩ, tráng lệ	The majesty of the mountains left me speechless.	natural majesty, sheer majesty, breathtaking majesty
untouched	adj	/ʌnˈtʌtʃt/	chưa bị tác động, hoang sơ	The remote island remains largely untouched by tourism.	untouched wilderness, untouched nature, remain untouched
erosion	n	/ɪˈroʊʒn/	sự xói mòn	Wind and water erosion shaped these rock formations.	soil erosion, coastal erosion, prevent erosion
terrain	n	/təˈreɪn/	địa hình, khúc đất	The mountainous terrain is difficult to navigate.	rough terrain, challenging terrain, varied terrain
tranquil	adj	/ˈtræŋkwɪl/	yên bình, thanh thản	The tranquil lake reflected the surrounding peaks perfectly.	tranquil setting, tranquil atmosphere, tranquil waters
awe-inspiring	adj	/ˈɔː ɪnˌspaɪərɪŋ/	gây kinh ngạc, choáng ngợp	The scale of the canyon is truly awe-inspiring.	awe-inspiring sight, awe-inspiring beauty, awe-inspiring landscape

Idiomatic Expressions & Advanced Phrases

Cụm từ	Nghĩa	Ví dụ sử dụng	Band điểm
take one’s breath away	làm ai đó kinh ngạc, choáng ngợp	The sunset over the ocean absolutely took my breath away.	7.5-8
off the beaten track	ngoài con đường thông thường, hẻo lánh	We discovered a beautiful waterfall off the beaten track.	7.5-8
a sight to behold	cảnh tượng đáng xem, ấn tượng	The Northern Lights were truly a sight to behold.	7.5-8
get back to nature	trở lại với thiên nhiên, sống gần thiên nhiên	I love camping because it helps me get back to nature.	7-7.5
feast for the eyes	cảnh đẹp mãn nhãn	The cherry blossoms in full bloom are a feast for the eyes.	7.5-8
leave no stone unturned	không bỏ sót điều gì, tìm hiểu kỹ lưỡng	Explorers left no stone unturned searching for hidden caves.	8-8.5
set in stone	cố định, không thay đổi	These rock formations have been set in stone for millions of years.	7.5-8
weather the storm	vượt qua khó khăn	Ancient trees have weathered countless storms over centuries.	8-8.5
at the crack of dawn	lúc bình minh, rất sớm	We started hiking at the crack of dawn to catch the sunrise.	7-7.5
put something on the map	làm cho nơi nào nổi tiếng	This natural wonder really put the region on the map.	7.5-8
a world away from	hoàn toàn khác biệt với	This peaceful forest is a world away from city life.	7.5-8
like nothing on earth	không gì sánh bằng, độc đáo	The landscape in Iceland is like nothing on earth.	8-8.5

Discourse Markers (Từ Nối Ý Trong Speaking)

Để bắt đầu câu trả lời:

• 📝 Well,… – Khi cần suy nghĩ hoặc bắt đầu elaborate một topic
• 📝 Actually,… – Khi đưa ra góc nhìn khác hoặc correct một impression
• 📝 To be honest,… – Khi nói thật, đặc biệt là personal opinion
• 📝 I’d say that… – Khi đưa ra judgment hoặc assessment
• 📝 In my view,… – Để express personal opinion (vary với “I think”)
• 📝 From my perspective,… – Góc nhìn cá nhân, formal hơn

Để bổ sung ý:

• 📝 On top of that,… – Thêm vào đó, bổ sung thêm point
• 📝 What’s more,… – Hơn nữa, nhấn mạnh additional information
• 📝 Not to mention… – Chưa kể đến, introduce another point casually
• 📝 Beyond that,… – Ngoài ra, vượt ra ngoài điểm đã nói
• 📝 Additionally,… – Thêm vào (formal)
• 📝 Furthermore,… – Hơn nữa (academic tone)

Để đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng:

• 📝 On the one hand,… On the other hand,… – Một mặt… mặt khác
• 📝 While it’s true that…, we also need to consider… – Mặc dù đúng là… nhưng cũng cần xem xét
• 📝 Having said that,… – Mặc dù đã nói vậy (để introduce contrast)
• 📝 That said,… – Điều đó nói rằng (softer contrast)
• 📝 Nevertheless,… – Tuy nhiên (formal)
• 📝 Conversely,… – Ngược lại

Để kết luận:

• 📝 All in all,… – Tóm lại, xét tất cả
• 📝 At the end of the day,… – Cuối cùng thì (informal but natural)
• 📝 Ultimately,… – Rút cục, sau cùng
• 📝 In the final analysis,… – Khi phân tích cuối cùng (formal)
• 📝 Overall,… – Nhìn chung

Để clarify hoặc elaborate:

• 📝 What I mean is,… – Ý tôi là
• 📝 In other words,… – Nói cách khác
• 📝 To put it another way,… – Để diễn đạt theo cách khác
• 📝 Let me elaborate on that,… – Để tôi giải thích rõ hơn

Grammatical Structures Ấn Tượng

1. Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện):

Mixed conditional (Type 2 + 3):

• Formula: If + Past Perfect, would + infinitive
• Ví dụ: “If governments had invested more in conservation decades ago, we wouldn’t be facing such severe biodiversity loss today.”

Inversion for emphasis:

• Formula: Had/Were/Should + subject + verb…
• Ví dụ: “Had I known how breathtaking the landscape would be, I would have brought better camera equipment.”

2. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ):

Non-defining relative clauses:

• Formula: , which/who/where + clause,
• Ví dụ: “Ha Long Bay, which has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracts millions of visitors annually.”

Reduced relative clauses:

• Formula: noun + V-ing/V3
• Ví dụ: “The mountains surrounding the valley create a natural amphitheater.”

3. Passive Voice (Câu bị động):

Impersonal passive (formal):

• Formula: It is thought/believed/said/reported that…
• Ví dụ: “It is widely believed that climate change will dramatically alter these landscapes within decades.”

Passive with modal verbs:

• Formula: modal + be + V3
• Ví dụ: “These fragile ecosystems must be protected for future generations.”

4. Cleft Sentences (Câu chẻ):

What-cleft for emphasis:

• Formula: What + subject + verb + is/was…
• Ví dụ: “What I find most fascinating about this landscape is its geological history spanning millions of years.”

It-cleft for focus:

• Formula: It + be + focused element + that/who…
• Ví dụ: “It was the ethereal mist weaving between the karsts that created such a magical atmosphere.”

5. Inversion for Emphasis:

Negative adverbials:

• Formula: Never/Rarely/Seldom + auxiliary + subject + verb
• Ví dụ: “Rarely have I encountered such pristine wilderness in such an accessible location.”

Only after/when/if:

• Formula: Only + time expression + auxiliary + subject + verb
• Ví dụ: “Only when we arrived at the summit did we realize the true scale of the landscape before us.”

6. Participle Clauses:

Present participle (active):

• Ví dụ: “Standing at the edge of the canyon, I felt utterly insignificant compared to nature’s grandeur.”

Past participle (passive):

• Ví dụ: “Carved by centuries of erosion, these rock formations tell a geological story.”

7. Subjunctive Mood (Formal suggestions/recommendations):

• Formula: It is essential/vital/crucial that + subject + base verb
• Ví dụ: “It is crucial that governments implement stricter regulations to protect these natural treasures.”

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Bài viết này cung cấp framework toàn diện để bạn tự tin đối mặt với chủ đề “describe a natural landscape that you find fascinating” trong IELTS Speaking. Hãy nhớ rằng, examiner đánh giá không chỉ WHAT you say mà còn HOW you say it – sự tự nhiên, sự tự tin, và khả năng elaborate ideas của bạn quan trọng không kém vocabulary hay grammar.

Tương tự như cách bạn chuẩn bị cho describe a time when you had to use a map or navigation, việc luyện tập với chủ đề natural landscapes đòi hỏi sự kết hợp giữa vocabulary chuyên ngành và personal storytelling. Kỹ năng này cũng có điểm tương đồng với describe a time when you successfully managed a conflict trong việc cấu trúc câu chuyện có đầu, giữa, cuối rõ ràng.

Điều quan trọng là đừng cố học thuộc bài mẫu – hãy học cách structure, học vocabulary, và practice với personal examples của chính bạn. Mỗi lần luyện tập, hãy record lại và tự đánh giá theo 4 tiêu chí chấm điểm. Nếu bạn quan tâm đến việc xây dựng kỹ năng mô tả trải nghiệm đặc biệt, đừng bỏ qua hướng dẫn chi tiết về describe an occasion when you wore a costume để hiểu thêm về cách kể chuyện hấp dẫn.

Để nắm vững phương pháp tiếp cận Part 2 một cách hiệu quả nhất, bạn có thể tham khảo thêm how to write amazing part 2 ielts với các chiến lược được kiểm chứng từ góc nhìn examiner. Đối với những ai muốn rèn luyện kỹ năng phân tích và đưa ra lý lẽ trong các tình huống phức tạp, bài hướng dẫn về describe a difficult choice you had to make sẽ cung cấp thêm insights về cách develop ideas sâu sắc.

Practice consistently, stay authentic, và đừng ngại make mistakes – đó là cách duy nhất để improve. Good luck với IELTS Speaking của bạn!