Chủ đề du lịch bền vững (sustainable travel) đang ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading gần đây, phản ánh xu hướng toàn cầu về bảo vệ môi trường và du lịch có trách nhiệm. Với sự gia tăng của ngành du lịch và tác động của nó đến môi trường, việc hiểu cách tạo ra một kế hoạch du lịch bền vững không chỉ quan trọng trong cuộc sống thực tế mà còn là chủ đề xuất hiện thường xuyên trong đề thi IELTS.
Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với ba passages từ dễ đến khó, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống như thi thật. Bạn sẽ được luyện tập với nhiều dạng câu hỏi khác nhau như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, và Summary Completion. Mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích rõ ràng về vị trí thông tin trong bài và cách paraphrase. Ngoài ra, bạn sẽ được trang bị kho từ vựng phong phú về chủ đề du lịch bền vững, giúp nâng cao khả năng đọc hiểu và mở rộng vốn từ vựng học thuật.
Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, với độ khó tăng dần qua từng passage, giúp bạn làm quen với áp lực thời gian và yêu cầu tư duy phân tích trong bài thi thực tế.
Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
IELTS Reading Test là một phần quan trọng trong kỳ thi IELTS Academic, đánh giá khả năng đọc hiểu và xử lý thông tin học thuật của thí sinh. Bài thi kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Điểm số được tính dựa trên số câu trả lời đúng, không bị trừ điểm khi sai.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút – Đây là passage dễ nhất, giúp bạn khởi động tốt
- Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút – Độ khó tăng lên, cần tập trung cao hơn
- Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút – Passage khó nhất, dành thời gian dư để kiểm tra
Lưu ý quan trọng: Thời gian 60 phút đã bao gồm cả việc chuyển đáp án vào Answer Sheet, vì vậy bạn cần quản lý thời gian thật chặt chẽ và không nên dành quá nhiều thời gian cho một câu hỏi khó.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Lựa chọn đáp án đúng nhất từ các phương án cho sẵn
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
- Matching Information – Ghép thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
- Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định quan điểm của tác giả
- Matching Headings – Chọn tiêu đề phù hợp cho mỗi đoạn văn
- Summary Completion – Hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt
- Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn với số từ giới hạn
Mỗi dạng câu hỏi đòi hỏi kỹ năng và chiến lược riêng. Việc luyện tập đa dạng các dạng này sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn trong kỳ thi thực tế. Những kỹ năng cần thiết bao gồm việc tìm từ khóa, paraphrase, đọc lướt (skimming) và đọc lấy thông tin chi tiết (scanning).
IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Eco-Conscious Tourism
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
In recent years, the travel industry has witnessed a remarkable transformation as more tourists become aware of their environmental impact. This shift towards sustainable tourism is not merely a passing trend but represents a fundamental change in how people approach travel planning. According to the World Tourism Organization, the number of travelers seeking eco-friendly options has increased by 65% over the past decade, demonstrating a growing commitment to responsible travel practices.
The concept of sustainable travel encompasses various aspects of the tourism experience. Environmentally conscious travelers now consider factors such as carbon emissions from flights, the ecological impact of accommodations, and the support of local communities. Many tourism operators have responded to this demand by offering green alternatives that minimize environmental damage while maximizing benefits for local populations. These initiatives include using renewable energy sources in hotels, promoting wildlife conservation programs, and encouraging visitors to participate in community-based tourism projects.
One of the most significant developments in sustainable tourism is the rise of eco-lodges and environmentally friendly accommodations. These establishments are designed to have a minimal carbon footprint, often utilizing solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and locally sourced building materials. Unlike conventional hotels, eco-lodges integrate seamlessly with their natural surroundings and often contribute to conservation efforts in the region. Many also employ local staff and source food from nearby farms, thereby supporting the local economy and reducing transportation emissions.
Transportation remains one of the biggest challenges in creating a truly sustainable travel plan. Air travel, which accounts for approximately 2-3% of global carbon emissions, is particularly problematic for environmentally aware travelers. However, several solutions are emerging to address this issue. Carbon offset programs allow travelers to compensate for their flight emissions by investing in environmental projects such as reforestation or renewable energy initiatives. Additionally, some tourists are choosing alternative modes of transport, including trains and buses, which produce significantly lower emissions per passenger compared to airplanes.
The food choices travelers make during their trips also play a crucial role in sustainable tourism. Consuming locally produced food reduces the carbon footprint associated with food transportation and supports local farmers and producers. Many sustainable travel guides now recommend visiting local markets, dining at restaurants that source ingredients locally, and avoiding imported products when possible. This practice, known as food tourism or culinary tourism, not only reduces environmental impact but also provides travelers with an authentic cultural experience and helps preserve traditional cooking methods.
Another essential component of sustainable travel planning is respecting local cultures and traditions. Responsible tourists take time to learn about the customs, beliefs, and social norms of the places they visit. This cultural sensitivity helps prevent the negative impacts of tourism, such as the commodification of culture or the disruption of local ways of life. Many tour operators now offer educational programs that teach visitors about local history, traditions, and environmental challenges, fostering a deeper appreciation and understanding of the destination.
The role of technology in promoting sustainable travel cannot be overlooked. Numerous mobile applications and websites have been developed to help travelers make informed decisions about their environmental impact. These digital tools provide information about eco-certified accommodations, calculate the carbon footprint of different travel options, and suggest sustainable activities at various destinations. Social media platforms have also become powerful channels for sharing sustainable travel tips and inspiring others to adopt more environmentally friendly practices.
Looking ahead, the sustainable travel movement continues to gain momentum. Industry experts predict that within the next decade, sustainability will become a standard consideration rather than a special feature in travel planning. However, achieving truly sustainable tourism requires cooperation among travelers, tourism operators, local communities, and governments. By making conscious choices and supporting businesses that prioritize environmental and social responsibility, individual travelers can contribute to a more sustainable future for global tourism.
Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. According to the passage, the increase in eco-conscious tourism represents:
A. a temporary fashion in the travel industry
B. a fundamental shift in travel behavior
C. a minor change affecting few tourists
D. an unpredictable trend in tourism
2. What percentage increase in travelers seeking eco-friendly options has been recorded?
A. 55%
B. 60%
C. 65%
D. 75%
3. Eco-lodges differ from conventional hotels by:
A. being more expensive to build
B. offering fewer amenities to guests
C. integrating with natural surroundings
D. focusing only on luxury travelers
4. According to the passage, air travel accounts for what percentage of global carbon emissions?
A. 1-2%
B. 2-3%
C. 3-4%
D. 4-5%
5. The passage suggests that food tourism helps to:
A. increase food imports
B. preserve traditional cooking methods
C. promote fast food chains
D. standardize global cuisine
Questions 6-10: True/False/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. The World Tourism Organization predicts tourism will decline in the future.
7. Eco-lodges typically use renewable energy sources like solar panels.
8. Train travel produces lower emissions per passenger than air travel.
9. All restaurants in tourist destinations now source ingredients locally.
10. Technology plays an important role in helping travelers make sustainable choices.
Questions 11-13: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
11. Carbon offset programs allow travelers to invest in environmental projects such as reforestation or __ initiatives.
12. Respecting local cultures helps prevent negative impacts like the __ of culture.
13. Industry experts predict that sustainability will become a __ rather than a special feature in travel planning.
PASSAGE 2 – Sustainable Travel: Balancing Tourism Growth with Environmental Protection
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
The exponential growth of international tourism over the past few decades has created a paradoxical situation: while travel can foster cross-cultural understanding and generate economic benefits, it simultaneously poses significant threats to the very environments and cultures that attract visitors in the first place. This dichotomy has prompted tourism scholars, industry leaders, and policymakers to develop frameworks for sustainable travel that attempt to reconcile these competing interests. The challenge lies not in halting tourism growth entirely, but in channeling it in ways that minimize negative impacts while maximizing positive contributions to environmental conservation and community development.
Destination management has emerged as a critical concept in sustainable tourism planning. Rather than allowing unchecked tourist flows, many popular destinations are now implementing carrying capacity assessments to determine the maximum number of visitors an area can accommodate without suffering environmental degradation or diminished visitor experiences. Venice, Italy, for example, has introduced a daily cap on cruise ship visitors after years of overtourism damaged the city’s fragile infrastructure and disrupted residents’ daily lives. Similarly, the Galápagos Islands maintain strict visitor limits and require all tourists to be accompanied by certified naturalist guides, ensuring that this UNESCO World Heritage Site remains protected for future generations.
The concept of regenerative tourism represents an evolution beyond merely sustainable practices. While sustainable tourism aims to minimize harm, regenerative tourism seeks to actively improve and restore destinations. This approach involves tourists participating in activities that contribute positively to the environment, such as beach cleanups, reforestation projects, or wildlife monitoring programs. Several tour operators in Costa Rica, a global leader in ecotourism, have pioneered this model by incorporating conservation activities into their itineraries. Visitors might spend mornings helping to plant trees in deforested areas and afternoons learning about local ecosystems from indigenous guides, creating a travel experience that is both educational and restorative.
Economic models of sustainable tourism emphasize the importance of wealth distribution within host communities. Traditional mass tourism often results in economic leakage, where the majority of tourism revenue flows to international corporations rather than local businesses and residents. To combat this, sustainable travel advocates promote patronizing locally-owned enterprises, from family-run guesthouses to community-operated tour companies. This approach, sometimes called pro-poor tourism, ensures that tourism development directly benefits the communities most affected by visitor presence. In Rwanda, community-based tourism initiatives around Volcanoes National Park have successfully channeled tourism revenue to local villages, funding schools, healthcare facilities, and conservation programs while reducing human-wildlife conflict.
The certification and accreditation systems for sustainable tourism have proliferated in recent years, though their effectiveness remains a subject of debate. Organizations such as the Global Sustainable Tourism Council have established criteria for measuring sustainability in tourism operations, covering environmental, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Hotels, tour operators, and even entire destinations can seek certification demonstrating their commitment to sustainable practices. However, critics argue that these systems sometimes prioritize easily measurable metrics, such as energy consumption, while overlooking less quantifiable but equally important factors like cultural authenticity or the quality of local employment. Furthermore, the cost of certification can be prohibitive for small-scale operators in developing countries, potentially creating a system that favors larger, wealthier businesses.
Behavioral psychology offers insights into encouraging more sustainable travel choices. Research indicates that simply providing information about environmental impacts is often insufficient to change tourist behavior. More effective approaches involve social norming, where travelers are shown that sustainable choices are becoming the standard, and gamification, which rewards eco-friendly behaviors with points or recognition. Some hotels have successfully reduced towel laundering by displaying messages indicating that most guests reuse their towels, tapping into individuals’ desires to conform to perceived social norms. Similarly, travel apps that allow users to track and share their carbon savings have proven effective in motivating continued sustainable behavior.
The role of government policy in shaping sustainable tourism cannot be understated. Regulatory frameworks, taxation structures, and infrastructure investments all influence the sustainability of tourism development. Bhutan’s famous Gross National Happiness index includes environmental conservation as a key component, resulting in policies that limit tourist numbers through high daily fees while ensuring that tourism revenue supports cultural preservation and environmental protection. New Zealand’s Tiaki Promise campaign encourages visitors to act as guardians of the environment, backed by regulations that protect sensitive ecosystems. These examples demonstrate that governmental commitment is essential for creating the conditions under which sustainable tourism can flourish.
Climate change adds another layer of complexity to sustainable travel planning. Rising temperatures are altering ecosystems, threatening coastal destinations with sea-level rise, and making some regions inhospitable during traditionally peak tourist seasons. The tourism industry must adapt to these changes while simultaneously reducing its contribution to global warming. This double imperative has led to innovations such as climate-resilient infrastructure in vulnerable destinations and the development of low-emission aviation technologies. Some destinations are also engaging in climate adaptation planning, diversifying their tourism offerings to reduce dependence on climate-sensitive activities and developing alternative attractions that may become more viable as conditions change.
Questions 14-18: Yes/No/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?
Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
14. The primary goal should be to stop all tourism growth to protect the environment.
15. Regenerative tourism is a more advanced concept than sustainable tourism.
16. Certification systems for sustainable tourism are perfect and have no drawbacks.
17. Providing information alone is usually not enough to change tourist behavior.
18. All governments worldwide have successfully implemented sustainable tourism policies.
Questions 19-23: Matching Information
Match the following statements with the correct location or organization (A-G).
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet.
A. Venice, Italy
B. Galápagos Islands
C. Costa Rica
D. Rwanda
E. Bhutan
F. New Zealand
G. Global Sustainable Tourism Council
19. Has implemented strict visitor limits and requires certified guides for all tourists
20. Uses a happiness index that prioritizes environmental conservation
21. Channels tourism revenue to fund local schools and healthcare
22. Has established criteria for measuring sustainability across multiple dimensions
23. Introduced daily caps on cruise ship visitors due to overtourism
Questions 24-26: Summary Completion
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Economic leakage in traditional tourism means that most revenue goes to international corporations rather than local communities. To address this, sustainable tourism promotes supporting 24 __, which directly benefits host communities. This approach is sometimes referred to as 25 __ tourism. Additionally, 26 __ can be used to encourage sustainable tourist behavior by showing that eco-friendly choices are becoming the norm.
Du lịch bền vững và bảo vệ môi trường tự nhiên trong thế kỷ 21
PASSAGE 3 – The Multidimensional Framework for Sustainable Travel Planning: Integrating Ecological Integrity, Social Equity, and Economic Viability
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The conceptualization of sustainable travel has evolved considerably from its nascent focus on environmental preservation to encompass a holistic paradigm that integrates ecological, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. This multidimensional framework reflects growing recognition among scholars and practitioners that sustainability cannot be achieved through siloed interventions addressing single aspects of tourism systems, but rather requires systemic approaches that acknowledge the complex interdependencies between environmental integrity, community wellbeing, and economic prosperity. Contemporary sustainable travel planning thus demands sophisticated analytical tools and governance mechanisms capable of navigating these intricate relationships while accounting for temporal dynamics, spatial variations, and the heterogeneous interests of diverse stakeholders.
Central to effective sustainable travel planning is the application of systems thinking methodologies that model tourism as a complex adaptive system characterized by nonlinear dynamics, feedback loops, and emergent properties. Traditional linear planning approaches, which assume predictable cause-effect relationships and stable equilibria, have proven inadequate for addressing the wicked problems inherent in tourism sustainability. In contrast, systems-based frameworks employ tools such as system dynamics modeling, agent-based simulations, and network analysis to capture the intricate interactions between tourism infrastructure, ecological systems, socioeconomic structures, and cultural dynamics. These methodologies enable planners to identify leverage points where targeted interventions can trigger cascading positive effects throughout the system, as well as to anticipate potential unintended consequences and maladaptive feedback mechanisms that might undermine sustainability objectives.
The ecological carrying capacity concept, while intuitively appealing, presents substantial methodological and epistemological challenges when applied to real-world tourism planning. Critics note that carrying capacity is not a fixed, objective parameter but rather a socially constructed threshold influenced by technological capabilities, management practices, and subjective judgments about acceptable levels of environmental change. Moreover, ecosystems exhibit nonlinear responses to stressors, with critical thresholds or tipping points beyond which regime shifts occur, making it difficult to establish safe operating boundaries with precision. Recent advances in ecological modeling, including the application of resilience theory and planetary boundaries frameworks, offer more nuanced approaches that account for ecosystem complexity and the need to maintain functional redundancy and response diversity within ecological communities. These frameworks emphasize maintaining ecosystems in desirable states while acknowledging that some degree of change is inevitable and that management strategies must be adaptive and flexible.
From a socioeconomic perspective, sustainable travel planning must grapple with fundamental questions of distributive justice and procedural equity. Tourism development frequently generates asymmetric benefit distributions, with gains accruing primarily to elite actors possessing capital, political connections, or strategic positioning within value chains, while costs—including environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and inflated living expenses—disproportionately burden marginalized populations. Political ecology approaches illuminate how power relations shape access to tourism benefits and influence whose voices are privileged in planning processes. Achieving socially just tourism requires implementing participatory governance frameworks that ensure meaningful engagement of affected communities, particularly indigenous peoples and economically disadvantaged groups, in decision-making processes. However, participation alone is insufficient; communities must also possess the technical capacity, financial resources, and political agency necessary to influence outcomes substantively rather than merely symbolically.
The economic dimension of sustainable travel extends beyond simplistic growth metrics to encompass considerations of economic resilience, diversification, and value retention within destination economies. The Dutch disease phenomenon, whereby tourism-driven currency appreciation undermines the competitiveness of other economic sectors, illustrates potential dangers of overspecialization in tourism. Similarly, destinations characterized by high economic leakage rates—where substantial proportions of tourism revenue exit the local economy through imports, profit repatriation, and payments to external service providers—may experience minimal net economic benefits despite high visitor volumes. Sustainable economic planning thus emphasizes developing backward and forward linkages between tourism and other sectors, strengthening local supply chains, and investing in human capital development to enable local populations to capture higher-value roles within tourism value chains rather than being confined to low-wage service positions.
Cultural sustainability represents perhaps the most theoretically contentious dimension of sustainable travel planning. The authenticity debate has long preoccupied tourism scholars, with objectivist positions viewing culture as a bounded, static entity that tourism threatens to erode, while constructivist perspectives recognize culture as inherently dynamic, negotiated, and continually reinvented through social interactions—including tourist encounters. The latter view suggests that concerns about tourism-induced cultural change must be tempered by recognition that all cultures evolve over time and that tourism may enable cultural revitalization by providing economic incentives for maintaining traditional practices that might otherwise be abandoned. Nevertheless, power imbalances between tourists and hosts, combined with market pressures toward commodification and homogenization, create genuine risks of cultural disempowerment and loss of self-determination. Safeguarding cultural sustainability therefore requires mechanisms ensuring that communities retain control over cultural representation, maintain space for practices outside the tourist gaze, and possess agency in negotiating the terms of cultural exchange.
The temporal dimension introduces additional complexity to sustainable travel planning. Short-term optimization may conflict with long-term sustainability, as immediate economic gains from intensive tourism development can generate path dependencies and lock-in effects that constrain future options and increase vulnerability to shocks. Intergenerational equity principles demand that current tourism practices do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs, yet operationalizing this principle raises challenging questions about discount rates, risk assessment, and how to weigh present versus future costs and benefits. Scenario planning and foresight methodologies offer tools for exploring alternative futures and identifying robust strategies that perform reasonably well across diverse possible trajectories, thereby reducing the risk of strategic myopia and enhancing adaptive capacity.
Climate change fundamentally reshapes the context for sustainable travel planning, functioning simultaneously as both a consequence of tourism activities and a force that will profoundly alter tourism systems themselves. The sector faces a mitigation imperative to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from aviation, which presents formidable technical and economic challenges given the absence of scalable low-carbon alternatives for long-haul flight. Concurrently, destinations must undertake adaptation planning to address changing climatic conditions that may alter seasonality, shift resource availability, increase hazard exposure, and trigger socio-ecological transformations. Some scholars argue for transformative adaptation approaches that embrace fundamental restructuring of tourism systems rather than incremental adjustments, potentially including managed retreat from highly vulnerable locations and deliberate degrowth of tourism sectors where emissions reductions and adaptation prove incompatible with current operational scales.
Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
27. According to the passage, contemporary sustainable travel planning is characterized by:
A. focusing exclusively on environmental protection
B. integrating multiple interconnected dimensions
C. prioritizing economic growth above all else
D. implementing simple, straightforward solutions
28. Systems thinking methodologies are valuable because they:
A. provide completely predictable outcomes
B. eliminate all unintended consequences
C. capture complex interactions within tourism systems
D. simplify tourism planning processes
29. The passage suggests that ecological carrying capacity is:
A. an objective, scientifically determined number
B. a concept that is no longer relevant
C. influenced by social and technological factors
D. easy to measure with precision
30. According to the political ecology perspective, achieving socially just tourism requires:
A. excluding communities from decision-making
B. ensuring elite actors control all benefits
C. meaningful participation of affected communities
D. eliminating all forms of tourism development
31. The passage indicates that cultural sustainability is theoretically contentious because:
A. all scholars agree on how to define authenticity
B. culture is viewed differently by objectivist and constructivist perspectives
C. tourism never affects local cultures
D. cultural change is always negative
Questions 32-36: Matching Sentence Endings
Match each sentence beginning with the correct ending A-H below.
Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.
32. Traditional linear planning approaches have proven inadequate because
33. Ecosystems exhibit nonlinear responses, meaning
34. Tourism development often generates asymmetric benefit distributions, which means
35. The Dutch disease phenomenon demonstrates
36. Intergenerational equity principles suggest
A. that gains primarily benefit elite actors while costs burden marginalized groups.
B. current practices should not compromise future generations’ ability to meet their needs.
C. they assume predictable relationships and fail to address wicked problems.
D. tourism-driven currency appreciation can harm other economic sectors.
E. all communities benefit equally from tourism development.
F. cultural change through tourism is always beneficial.
G. critical thresholds can lead to sudden regime shifts.
H. tourism always creates perfect economic balance.
Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions
Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
37. What type of approaches illuminate how power relations influence access to tourism benefits?
38. What economic concept describes when tourism revenue exits the local economy through imports and profit repatriation?
39. Which methodologies help explore alternative futures and identify robust strategies in tourism planning?
40. What type of adaptation approach involves fundamental restructuring of tourism systems rather than incremental changes?
Khung phát triển bền vững tích hợp đa chiều trong hoạch định du lịch
Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- B
- C
- C
- B
- B
- NOT GIVEN
- TRUE
- TRUE
- FALSE
- TRUE
- renewable energy
- commodification
- standard consideration
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- NO
- YES
- NO
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- B
- E
- D
- G
- A
- locally-owned enterprises / local businesses
- pro-poor
- social norming
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- B
- C
- C
- C
- B
- C
- G
- A
- D
- B
- Political ecology
- economic leakage
- Scenario planning / foresight methodologies
- transformative adaptation
Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: B – a fundamental shift in travel behavior
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: increase in eco-conscious tourism, represents
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “This shift towards sustainable tourism is not merely a passing trend but represents a fundamental change in how people approach travel planning.” Từ “fundamental change” được paraphrase thành “fundamental shift” trong đáp án B. Đáp án A sai vì bài viết phủ nhận đây là “passing trend”. Đáp án C và D không được đề cập.
Câu 2: C – 65%
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice – thông tin cụ thể
- Từ khóa: percentage increase, travelers seeking eco-friendly options
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Thông tin được trích dẫn trực tiếp: “the number of travelers seeking eco-friendly options has increased by 65% over the past decade”. Đây là câu hỏi kiểm tra khả năng đọc lấy thông tin chi tiết.
Câu 3: C – integrating with natural surroundings
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Eco-lodges, differ, conventional hotels
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “Unlike conventional hotels, eco-lodges integrate seamlessly with their natural surroundings”. Từ “integrate seamlessly” được rút gọn thành “integrating” trong đáp án. Các đáp án khác không được đề cập hoặc sai với thông tin trong bài.
Câu 4: B – 2-3%
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice – số liệu thống kê
- Từ khóa: air travel, percentage, global carbon emissions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Thông tin cụ thể: “Air travel, which accounts for approximately 2-3% of global carbon emissions”. Câu hỏi này kiểm tra khả năng nhớ và xác định số liệu chính xác.
Câu 5: B – preserve traditional cooking methods
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: food tourism, helps to
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: Bài viết cho biết food tourism “not only reduces environmental impact but also provides travelers with an authentic cultural experience and helps preserve traditional cooking methods”. Đây là một trong những lợi ích được liệt kê rõ ràng.
Câu 6: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: World Tourism Organization, predicts, tourism will decline
- Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ đề cập đến số liệu của World Tourism Organization về việc tăng 65% số lượng du khách tìm kiếm các lựa chọn thân thiện với môi trường, nhưng không hề đưa ra dự đoán nào về việc du lịch sẽ giảm trong tương lai.
Câu 7: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Eco-lodges, renewable energy sources, solar panels
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Bài viết xác nhận “often utilizing solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and locally sourced building materials”. Solar panels là một ví dụ cụ thể của renewable energy sources.
Câu 8: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Train travel, lower emissions, air travel
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “some tourists are choosing alternative modes of transport, including trains and buses, which produce significantly lower emissions per passenger compared to airplanes”. Đây chính xác là thông tin trong câu hỏi.
Câu 9: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: All restaurants, tourist destinations, source ingredients locally
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ nói “Many sustainable travel guides now recommend visiting local markets, dining at restaurants that source ingredients locally” – sử dụng từ “many” chứ không phải “all”. Câu hỏi sử dụng “all” nên là FALSE.
Câu 10: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Technology, important role, sustainable choices
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Bài viết khẳng định “The role of technology in promoting sustainable travel cannot be overlooked”. “Cannot be overlooked” có nghĩa là rất quan trọng, phù hợp với “important role” trong câu hỏi.
Câu 11: renewable energy
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: Carbon offset programs, environmental projects, reforestation
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Carbon offset programs allow travelers to compensate for their flight emissions by investing in environmental projects such as reforestation or renewable energy initiatives”. Cần điền “renewable energy” (2 từ, đúng giới hạn).
Câu 12: commodification
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: Respecting local cultures, prevent negative impacts
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài viết cho biết “This cultural sensitivity helps prevent the negative impacts of tourism, such as the commodification of culture”. Cần điền một từ “commodification”.
Câu 13: standard consideration
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: Industry experts predict, sustainability
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Industry experts predict that within the next decade, sustainability will become a standard consideration rather than a special feature in travel planning”. Cần điền “standard consideration” (2 từ).
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: primary goal, stop all tourism growth, protect environment
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 6-7
- Giải thích: Tác giả rõ ràng nói “The challenge lies not in halting tourism growth entirely, but in channeling it in ways that minimize negative impacts”. Điều này trực tiếp mâu thuẫn với ý kiến trong câu hỏi, do đó đáp án là NO.
Câu 15: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Regenerative tourism, more advanced concept, sustainable tourism
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “The concept of regenerative tourism represents an evolution beyond merely sustainable practices”. Từ “evolution beyond” cho thấy đây là một khái niệm tiến bộ hơn, phù hợp với “more advanced” trong câu hỏi.
Câu 16: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Certification systems, perfect, no drawbacks
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 4-8
- Giải thích: Tác giả chỉ ra nhiều vấn đề: “However, critics argue that these systems sometimes prioritize easily measurable metrics… Furthermore, the cost of certification can be prohibitive”. Điều này cho thấy hệ thống có nhiều nhược điểm, mâu thuẫn với câu hỏi.
Câu 17: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Providing information alone, not enough, change tourist behavior
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Tác giả khẳng định “Research indicates that simply providing information about environmental impacts is often insufficient to change tourist behavior”. Đây chính xác là quan điểm trong câu hỏi.
Câu 18: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: All governments worldwide, successfully implemented, sustainable tourism policies
- Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ đưa ra ví dụ về một số chính phủ như Bhutan và New Zealand, nhưng không đưa ra nhận xét về việc tất cả các chính phủ trên thế giới đều thành công. Không có thông tin về “all governments worldwide”.
Câu 19: B – Galápagos Islands
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
- Từ khóa: strict visitor limits, certified guides
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “Similarly, the Galápagos Islands maintain strict visitor limits and require all tourists to be accompanied by certified naturalist guides”. Thông tin khớp chính xác với câu hỏi.
Câu 20: E – Bhutan
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
- Từ khóa: happiness index, prioritizes environmental conservation
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Bhutan’s famous Gross National Happiness index includes environmental conservation as a key component”. Đây là thông tin duy nhất về happiness index trong bài.
Câu 21: D – Rwanda
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
- Từ khóa: tourism revenue, fund local schools and healthcare
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 7-8
- Giải thích: “In Rwanda, community-based tourism initiatives around Volcanoes National Park have successfully channeled tourism revenue to local villages, funding schools, healthcare facilities”. Thông tin khớp với câu hỏi.
Câu 22: G – Global Sustainable Tourism Council
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
- Từ khóa: established criteria, measuring sustainability, multiple dimensions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Organizations such as the Global Sustainable Tourism Council have established criteria for measuring sustainability in tourism operations, covering environmental, social, economic, and cultural dimensions”.
Câu 23: A – Venice, Italy
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
- Từ khóa: daily caps, cruise ship visitors, overtourism
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “Venice, Italy, for example, has introduced a daily cap on cruise ship visitors after years of overtourism damaged the city’s fragile infrastructure”.
Câu 24: locally-owned enterprises / local businesses
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: supporting, directly benefits host communities
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “sustainable travel advocates promote patronizing locally-owned enterprises, from family-run guesthouses to community-operated tour companies”. Cả hai cụm từ đều chấp nhận được.
Câu 25: pro-poor
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: approach, sometimes referred to as
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “This approach, sometimes called pro-poor tourism, ensures that tourism development directly benefits the communities”. Chính xác là thuật ngữ được sử dụng trong bài.
Câu 26: social norming
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: encourage sustainable tourist behavior, eco-friendly choices becoming the norm
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “More effective approaches involve social norming, where travelers are shown that sustainable choices are becoming the standard”. Đây là kỹ thuật được mô tả.
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: B – integrating multiple interconnected dimensions
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: contemporary sustainable travel planning, characterized by
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 1-3
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “This multidimensional framework reflects growing recognition… that sustainability cannot be achieved through siloed interventions… but rather requires systemic approaches that acknowledge the complex interdependencies”. Đáp án B phản ánh chính xác ý này với “integrating multiple interconnected dimensions”.
Câu 28: C – capture complex interactions within tourism systems
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Systems thinking methodologies, valuable
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-7
- Giải thích: Bài viết giải thích “systems-based frameworks employ tools… to capture the intricate interactions between tourism infrastructure, ecological systems, socioeconomic structures, and cultural dynamics”. Đáp án C paraphrase “capture the intricate interactions” thành “capture complex interactions”.
Câu 29: C – influenced by social and technological factors
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: ecological carrying capacity
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Critics note that carrying capacity is not a fixed, objective parameter but rather a socially constructed threshold influenced by technological capabilities, management practices, and subjective judgments”. Đáp án C chính xác tóm tắt ý này.
Câu 30: C – meaningful participation of affected communities
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: political ecology perspective, socially just tourism
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “Achieving socially just tourism requires implementing participatory governance frameworks that ensure meaningful engagement of affected communities”. Đáp án C sử dụng “meaningful participation” – paraphrase của “meaningful engagement”.
Câu 31: B – culture is viewed differently by objectivist and constructivist perspectives
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: cultural sustainability, theoretically contentious
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-5
- Giải thích: Bài viết giải thích “The authenticity debate has long preoccupied tourism scholars, with objectivist positions viewing culture as… while constructivist perspectives recognize culture as…”. Đây là lý do khiến cultural sustainability gây tranh cãi về mặt lý thuyết.
Câu 32: C – they assume predictable relationships and fail to address wicked problems
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
- Từ khóa: Traditional linear planning approaches, proven inadequate
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Traditional linear planning approaches, which assume predictable cause-effect relationships and stable equilibria, have proven inadequate for addressing the wicked problems inherent in tourism sustainability”. Đáp án C tóm tắt đúng ý này.
Câu 33: G – critical thresholds can lead to sudden regime shifts
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
- Từ khóa: Ecosystems, nonlinear responses
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “Moreover, ecosystems exhibit nonlinear responses to stressors, with critical thresholds or tipping points beyond which regime shifts occur”. Đáp án G paraphrase thông tin này.
Câu 34: A – gains primarily benefit elite actors while costs burden marginalized groups
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
- Từ khóa: Tourism development, asymmetric benefit distributions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-4
- Giải thích: “Tourism development frequently generates asymmetric benefit distributions, with gains accruing primarily to elite actors… while costs… disproportionately burden marginalized populations”. Đáp án A tóm tắt chính xác ý này.
Câu 35: D – tourism-driven currency appreciation can harm other economic sectors
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
- Từ khóa: Dutch disease phenomenon
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “The Dutch disease phenomenon, whereby tourism-driven currency appreciation undermines the competitiveness of other economic sectors”. Đáp án D paraphrase “undermines the competitiveness” thành “can harm”.
Câu 36: B – current practices should not compromise future generations’ ability to meet their needs
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
- Từ khóa: Intergenerational equity principles
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Intergenerational equity principles demand that current tourism practices do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs”. Đáp án B là paraphrase trực tiếp.
Câu 37: Political ecology
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: approaches, illuminate, power relations, tourism benefits
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5
- Giải thích: “Political ecology approaches illuminate how power relations shape access to tourism benefits”. Đáp án chính xác là “Political ecology” (2 từ, trong giới hạn 3 từ).
Câu 38: economic leakage
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: economic concept, tourism revenue exits, imports, profit repatriation
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “Similarly, destinations characterized by high economic leakage rates—where substantial proportions of tourism revenue exit the local economy through imports, profit repatriation”. Thuật ngữ là “economic leakage” (2 từ).
Câu 39: Scenario planning / foresight methodologies
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: methodologies, explore alternative futures, identify robust strategies
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “Scenario planning and foresight methodologies offer tools for exploring alternative futures and identifying robust strategies”. Cả hai đáp án đều chấp nhận được (2 từ mỗi cụm).
Câu 40: transformative adaptation
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: adaptation approach, fundamental restructuring, incremental changes
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 6-7
- Giải thích: “Some scholars argue for transformative adaptation approaches that embrace fundamental restructuring of tourism systems rather than incremental adjustments”. Thuật ngữ chính xác là “transformative adaptation” (2 từ).
Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sustainable | adj | /səˈsteɪnəbl/ | bền vững, có thể duy trì | sustainable tourism practices | sustainable development, sustainable energy |
| remarkable | adj | /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ | đáng chú ý, xuất sắc | a remarkable transformation | remarkable achievement, remarkable progress |
| eco-friendly | adj | /ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/ | thân thiện với môi trường | eco-friendly options | eco-friendly products, eco-friendly approach |
| carbon footprint | n | /ˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ | dấu chân carbon, lượng khí thải carbon | minimal carbon footprint | reduce carbon footprint, calculate carbon footprint |
| renewable | adj | /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | có thể tái tạo | renewable energy sources | renewable resources, renewable power |
| conservation | n | /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ | bảo tồn, gìn giữ | wildlife conservation programs | conservation efforts, conservation area |
| commodification | n | /kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | sự hàng hóa hóa | commodification of culture | cultural commodification, avoid commodification |
| authentic | adj | /ɔːˈθentɪk/ | chân thực, đích thực | authentic cultural experience | authentic food, authentic experience |
| offset | v/n | /ˈɒfset/ | bù đắp, đền bù | carbon offset programs | offset emissions, offset costs |
| indigenous | adj | /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ | bản địa, bản xứ | indigenous guides | indigenous people, indigenous culture |
| disruption | n | /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ | sự gián đoạn, phá vỡ | disruption of local ways | cause disruption, minimize disruption |
| momentum | n | /məˈmentəm/ | động lực, đà phát triển | gain momentum | gather momentum, build momentum |
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paradoxical | adj | /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkl/ | nghịch lý | paradoxical situation | paradoxical nature, paradoxical effect |
| dichotomy | n | /daɪˈkɒtəmi/ | sự phân đôi, mâu thuẫn | create a dichotomy | false dichotomy, sharp dichotomy |
| degradation | n | /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ | sự suy thoái, xuống cấp | environmental degradation | habitat degradation, land degradation |
| overtourism | n | /ˈəʊvə tʊərɪzəm/ | du lịch quá tải | years of overtourism | combat overtourism, overtourism problems |
| regenerative | adj | /rɪˈdʒenərətɪv/ | tái sinh, phục hồi | regenerative tourism | regenerative practices, regenerative approach |
| leakage | n | /ˈliːkɪdʒ/ | sự rò rỉ, thất thoát | economic leakage | revenue leakage, prevent leakage |
| accreditation | n | /əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn/ | sự công nhận, chứng nhận | certification and accreditation systems | gain accreditation, accreditation process |
| proliferate | v | /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/ | gia tăng nhanh chóng | have proliferated | proliferate rapidly, continue to proliferate |
| gamification | n | /ˌɡeɪmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | trò chơi hóa | rewards through gamification | use gamification, gamification strategy |
| resilient | adj | /rɪˈzɪliənt/ | kiên cường, có khả năng phục hồi | climate-resilient infrastructure | resilient system, build resilient communities |
| imperative | n/adj | /ɪmˈperətɪv/ | điều bắt buộc, cần thiết | double imperative | moral imperative, strategic imperative |
| vulnerable | adj | /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ | dễ bị tổn thương | vulnerable destinations | vulnerable population, vulnerable ecosystem |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| holistic | adj | /həʊˈlɪstɪk/ | toàn diện, tổng thể | holistic paradigm | holistic approach, holistic view |
| multidimensional | adj | /ˌmʌltɪdaɪˈmenʃənl/ | đa chiều | multidimensional framework | multidimensional analysis, multidimensional approach |
| nascent | adj | /ˈnæsnt/ | sơ khai, mới nổi | nascent focus | nascent industry, nascent technology |
| interdependencies | n | /ˌɪntədɪˈpendənsiz/ | sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau | complex interdependencies | acknowledge interdependencies, understand interdependencies |
| systemic | adj | /sɪˈstemɪk/ | mang tính hệ thống | systemic approaches | systemic change, systemic problems |
| heterogeneous | adj | /ˌhetərəˈdʒiːniəs/ | không đồng nhất, hỗn hợp | heterogeneous interests | heterogeneous group, heterogeneous population |
| emergent | adj | /ɪˈmɜːdʒənt/ | mới nổi, đang nổi lên | emergent properties | emergent pattern, emergent behavior |
| epistemological | adj | /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɒdʒɪkl/ | nhận thức luận | epistemological challenges | epistemological issues, epistemological framework |
| threshold | n | /ˈθreʃhəʊld/ | ngưỡng, mức giới hạn | socially constructed threshold | critical threshold, reach threshold |
| distributive justice | n | /dɪˈstrɪbjʊtɪv ˈdʒʌstɪs/ | công bằng phân phối | questions of distributive justice | achieve distributive justice, principles of distributive justice |
| asymmetric | adj | /ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk/ | bất đối xứng | asymmetric benefit distributions | asymmetric information, asymmetric power |
| commodification | n | /kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | sự hàng hóa hóa | cultural commodification | avoid commodification, process of commodification |
| resilience | n | /rɪˈzɪliəns/ | sự kiên cường, khả năng phục hồi | economic resilience | build resilience, resilience theory |
| repatriation | n | /ˌriːpætrɪˈeɪʃn/ | sự hồi hương, chuyển về | profit repatriation | capital repatriation, prevent repatriation |
| constructivist | adj | /kənˈstrʌktɪvɪst/ | theo chủ nghĩa kiến tạo | constructivist perspectives | constructivist approach, constructivist theory |
| revitalization | n | /ˌriːvaɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | sự phục hưng | cultural revitalization | economic revitalization, urban revitalization |
| homogenization | n | /həˌmɒdʒənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | sự đồng nhất hóa | market pressures toward homogenization | cultural homogenization, avoid homogenization |
| intergenerational | adj | /ˌɪntədʒenəˈreɪʃənl/ | liên thế hệ | intergenerational equity | intergenerational transfer, intergenerational dialogue |
Kết Bài
Chủ đề “How To Create A Sustainable Travel Plan” là một trong những chủ đề quan trọng và phổ biến trong IELTS Reading, phản ánh xu hướng toàn cầu về bảo vệ môi trường và du lịch có trách nhiệm. Đề thi mẫu này đã cung cấp cho bạn ba passages với độ khó tăng dần, từ Easy (Band 5.0-6.5) qua Medium (Band 6.0-7.5) đến Hard (Band 7.0-9.0), giúp bạn làm quen với mọi cấp độ khó của bài thi thực tế.
Với 40 câu hỏi đa dạng bao gồm Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Yes/No/Not Given, Matching Information, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và Short-answer Questions, bạn đã có cơ hội luyện tập toàn diện các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading. Mỗi câu hỏi đều được thiết kế để kiểm tra các kỹ năng khác nhau: từ việc đọc lấy thông tin chi tiết, hiểu ý chính, phân tích quan điểm tác giả đến khả năng suy luận và paraphrase.
Phần đáp án chi tiết không chỉ cung cấp câu trả lời đúng mà còn giải thích rõ ràng vị trí thông tin trong bài, cách paraphrase giữa câu hỏi và passage, cũng như lý do tại sao các đáp án khác không phù hợp. Điều này giúp bạn hiểu sâu hơn về cách làm bài và tránh những sai lầm phổ biến. Kho từ vựng phong phú được tổng hợp theo từng passage sẽ giúp bạn mở rộng vốn từ vựng học thuật, đặc biệt là các từ vựng liên quan đến môi trường, du lịch bền vững, và phát triển cộng đồng. Để hiểu rõ hơn về các chủ đề liên quan đến giáo dục và phát triển bền vững, bạn có thể tham khảo thêm how e-learning platforms promote lifelong learning và how to promote sustainability in education.
Hãy nhớ rằng, việc làm bài thi mẫu chỉ là một phần của quá trình chuẩn bị. Bạn cần luyện tập thường xuyên với nhiều chủ đề khác nhau, quản lý thời gian hiệu quả, và phân tích kỹ các lỗi sai để cải thiện kỹ năng Reading của mình. Tác động của biến đổi khí hậu đến nhiều lĩnh vực cũng là chủ đề quan trọng trong IELTS, như impact of climate change on global tourism và electric cars and global oil demand. Với sự chuẩn bị bài bản và nỗ lực kiên trì, bạn hoàn toàn có thể đạt được band điểm mục tiêu trong phần IELTS Reading. Chúc bạn học tập hiệu quả và thành công trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới. Ngoài ra, khía cạnh văn hóa và giáo dục toàn cầu cũng đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc thúc đẩy du lịch bền vững, bạn có thể khám phá thêm qua the role of education in fostering global cultural exchange.
