IELTS Reading: Ảnh Hưởng Của Công Nghệ Đến Giấc Ngủ – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở Bài

Chủ đề về ảnh hưởng của công nghệ đến giấc ngủ (Effects Of Technology On Sleep Patterns) đã và đang trở thành một trong những chủ đề nóng trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading gần đây. Đặc biệt trong bối cảnh công nghệ ngày càng thâm nhập sâu vào cuộc sống, việc hiểu rõ tác động của nó đến sức khỏe con người, đặc biệt là giấc ngủ, đã thu hút sự quan tâm lớn từ giới học thuật và cộng đồng quốc tế.

Chủ đề này thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các đề thi IELTS Reading với tần suất cao, đặc biệt trong các passage thuộc lĩnh vực khoa học xã hội và sức khỏe. Qua bài viết này, bạn sẽ được thực hành với một đề thi đầy đủ bao gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, hoàn toàn giống với format thi thật. Bạn sẽ làm quen với các dạng câu hỏi đa dạng như True/False/Not Given, Multiple Choice, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác.

Ngoài ra, bài viết còn cung cấp đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể, phân tích từ vựng quan trọng và những kỹ thuật làm bài hiệu quả. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với cấu trúc đề thi, rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu và nâng cao khả năng quản lý thời gian trong phòng thi.

Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading test là một trong bốn phần thi của kỳ thi IELTS, đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc đánh giá khả năng đọc hiểu tiếng Anh học thuật của thí sinh. Bài thi có những đặc điểm chính sau:

Thời gian: 60 phút cho toàn bộ bài thi, bao gồm cả thời gian chuyển đáp án sang phiếu trả lời. Không có thời gian bổ sung để chuyển đáp án, vì vậy bạn cần quản lý thời gian một cách thông minh.

Cấu trúc: Bài thi bao gồm 3 passages với độ dài tăng dần và độ khó tăng dần. Mỗi passage thường có 13-14 câu hỏi.

Tổng số câu hỏi: 40 câu, mỗi câu trả lời đúng được 1 điểm. Band score cuối cùng được quy đổi dựa trên số câu trả lời đúng.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút
• Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút
• Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút

Lưu ý rằng đây chỉ là phân bổ đề xuất. Tùy vào điểm mạnh, điểm yếu của mỗi người và dạng câu hỏi cụ thể mà bạn có thể điều chỉnh linh hoạt.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm đầy đủ các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. True/False/Not Given: Xác định thông tin trong bài có đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
2. Multiple Choice: Chọn đáp án đúng từ các phương án cho sẵn
3. Matching Headings: Nối các đoạn văn với tiêu đề phù hợp
4. Summary Completion: Điền từ vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt
5. Matching Features: Nối thông tin với các đối tượng tương ứng
6. Sentence Completion: Hoàn thành câu bằng thông tin từ bài đọc
7. Short-answer Questions: Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn dựa trên thông tin từ passage

Việc làm quen với tất cả các dạng câu hỏi này sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn khi bước vào phòng thi thật.

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Digital Bedroom Revolution

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

Over the past two decades, technology has dramatically transformed our bedrooms from simple sleeping spaces into multifunctional digital hubs. The average person now spends approximately two to three hours on electronic devices before bedtime, a habit that has fundamentally altered the way we prepare for and experience sleep. This shift represents one of the most significant changes in human sleep behaviour in modern history.

The most common devices found in bedrooms today include smartphones, tablets, laptops, and televisions. According to recent surveys, nearly 75% of adults admit to using their smartphones in bed, while 60% watch television before falling asleep. This widespread adoption of bedroom technology has occurred so rapidly that researchers are only beginning to understand its full impact on our sleep quality and overall health.

Blue light emission is perhaps the most well-documented effect of screen time on sleep. Electronic devices emit short-wavelength blue light, which is similar to natural daylight. When exposed to this light in the evening, our brains receive signals that it is still daytime, which suppresses the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for making us feel sleepy. Studies have shown that using a tablet or smartphone for just two hours before bed can delay the release of melatonin by approximately one hour, making it significantly harder to fall asleep at the desired time.

Beyond the physiological effects of blue light, the content we consume on our devices can also impact our ability to relax. Stimulating content such as action movies, work emails, or social media interactions can keep our minds active and alert when they should be winding down. The emotional responses triggered by online content—whether excitement, anger, or anxiety—can elevate our heart rate and make it difficult to transition into a restful state. This is particularly true for individuals who check work emails or engage in stressful conversations late at night.

However, not all technology use before bedtime is equally harmful. Researchers have found that the type of device, the content being consumed, and the distance from the screen all play important roles. For example, watching television from across the room has less impact than holding a smartphone close to one’s face because the intensity of blue light exposure decreases with distance. Similarly, using devices for calming activities such as listening to soothing music or reading an e-book with a warm-toned backlight may have minimal effects on sleep compared to more stimulating activities.

The relationship between technology and sleep is further complicated by individual differences. Some people appear to be more sensitive to blue light than others, while age also plays a significant role. Teenagers and young adults, whose bodies naturally produce melatonin later in the evening, may be particularly vulnerable to the sleep-delaying effects of evening screen time. In contrast, older adults who already struggle with sleep may find that even small amounts of technology use before bed can exacerbate their sleep problems.

Recognizing these issues, many technology companies have introduced features designed to reduce the impact of devices on sleep. Night mode settings, which filter out blue light and give screens a warmer, yellowish tone, have become standard on most smartphones and tablets. Some devices also offer bedtime reminders that encourage users to put their devices away at a designated time. While these features represent positive steps, experts emphasize that the most effective solution is still to establish a technology-free wind-down period of at least 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 1?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Most people now spend more than three hours using electronic devices before going to sleep.
2. Blue light from screens is similar to natural daylight and affects melatonin production.
3. Watching TV from a distance has the same effect on sleep as using a smartphone close to your face.
4. Teenagers are more affected by blue light than older adults.
5. All technology companies now include night mode features in their devices.
6. Experts recommend avoiding all screens for 30 to 60 minutes before sleep.

Questions 7-10

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

7. Electronic devices have turned bedrooms into _____ instead of just places to sleep.
8. The hormone _____ is responsible for making people feel sleepy.
9. Emotional responses from online content can increase a person’s _____.
10. Technology companies have added _____ that tell users when to stop using their devices.

Questions 11-13

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

11. According to the passage, what percentage of adults use smartphones in bed?

    • A. 60%
    • B. 75%
    • C. 80%
    • D. 90%

12. Which factor does NOT affect how technology impacts sleep according to the passage?

    • A. The type of device used
    • B. The content being viewed
    • C. The brand of the device
    • D. The distance from the screen

13. What is described as the most effective way to reduce technology’s impact on sleep?

    • A. Using night mode settings
    • B. Only watching television
    • C. Having a technology-free period before bed
    • D. Using devices only for reading

Ảnh minh họa phòng ngủ hiện đại với nhiều thiết bị công nghệ ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng giấc ngủ IELTS Reading

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PASSAGE 2 – The Science Behind Screen-Induced Sleep Disruption

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The relationship between digital technology and human sleep patterns has emerged as a critical area of scientific inquiry in recent years. While the previous generation might have worried about reading under dim light or staying up late with a book, today’s concerns centre on a far more pervasive and complex phenomenon: the multifaceted impact of screen-based technology on our circadian rhythms and sleep architecture. Understanding this relationship requires examining not only the direct physiological effects of light exposure but also the broader behavioural and psychological dimensions of our technology use.

At the heart of the issue lies the intricate workings of the human circadian system, an internal biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles over approximately 24-hour periods. This system is primarily synchronized by light exposure, particularly the presence or absence of light in specific wavelength ranges. The discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the early 2000s revolutionized our understanding of how light affects sleep. These specialized cells, which are most sensitive to blue light wavelengths between 460 and 480 nanometers, communicate directly with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain—the master clock that coordinates circadian timing throughout the body.

When ipRGCs detect blue light, they send signals to the SCN, which in turn suppresses the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. This mechanism served an important evolutionary function, helping our ancestors remain alert during daylight hours. However, the ubiquity of artificial light sources, particularly LED screens that emit high levels of blue light, means that this system is now being activated at inappropriate times, causing a misalignment between our internal biological clocks and our desired sleep schedules. Research has demonstrated that even relatively brief exposures to screen light in the evening can shift circadian phase by 30 to 90 minutes, creating a condition analogous to chronic jet lag.

The impact extends beyond simple melatonin suppression. Studies utilizing polysomnography—the comprehensive recording of brain waves, eye movements, and muscle activity during sleep—have revealed that evening screen use affects sleep architecture itself. Specifically, researchers have observed reductions in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS), the deepest stage of non-REM sleep. REM sleep is crucial for emotional regulation and memory consolidation, particularly for procedural memory, while SWS is essential for physical restoration and the clearance of metabolic waste from the brain. The disruption of these sleep stages has been linked to impaired cognitive function, reduced learning capacity, and increased risk of mood disorders.

Moreover, the interactive nature of modern technology introduces additional variables that compound the problem. Unlike passive activities such as watching television, using smartphones or tablets often involves bidirectional communication and cognitive engagement. Responding to messages, scrolling through social media feeds, or playing games requires sustained attention and active decision-making, both of which increase cortisol levels and sympathetic nervous system activity. This state of heightened arousal is fundamentally incompatible with the downregulation of physiological and mental processes necessary for sleep initiation. Mental health effects of social media on adults explores how constant digital engagement affects our psychological well-being beyond sleep disruption.

Recent research has also highlighted the role of anticipatory anxiety related to technology use. Many individuals experience what researchers term “fear of missing out” (FOMO) or “notification anxiety“—a compulsive need to check devices for updates, messages, or social media activity. This behaviour creates a feedback loop: the anxiety about potentially missing important information leads to device checking, which provides intermittent reinforcement when notifications are present, thereby strengthening the compulsive behaviour. This cycle can persist into evening hours, making it difficult for individuals to disengage from their devices even when they recognize the need for sleep.

The demographic variability in susceptibility to screen-induced sleep disruption adds another layer of complexity. Adolescents appear particularly vulnerable due to a confluence of factors: their circadian rhythms naturally shift toward later sleep times during puberty (a phenomenon known as sleep phase delay), they typically spend more time using technology than other age groups, and their developing brains may be more sensitive to the cognitive and emotional stimulation provided by digital content. Studies of adolescent populations have found strong correlations between late-night technology use and increased rates of sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness, and academic difficulties. Similar patterns have been observed among individuals working in shift-based occupations or those with pre-existing sleep disorders, suggesting that technology use may exacerbate vulnerabilities in already compromised sleep systems.

Interestingly, not all screen-based activities appear equally disruptive. Research has begun to differentiate between active and passive technology use, as well as between arousing and relaxing content. For instance, studies comparing e-readers with traditional backlit tablets have found that e-ink displays, which do not emit light and instead rely on ambient illumination, have minimal impact on melatonin levels and sleep quality. Similarly, using devices for meditation apps or white noise generators may actually facilitate sleep in some individuals, suggesting that the context and purpose of technology use matter as much as the technology itself.

Sơ đồ khoa học về cơ chế ảnh hưởng của ánh sáng xanh từ màn hình đến chu kỳ giấc ngủ và não bộ

Questions 14-19

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

The human circadian system acts as an internal biological clock, primarily controlled by light exposure. Special cells called 14. are particularly sensitive to blue light and communicate with the brain’s master clock. When these cells detect blue light, the brain reduces the release of melatonin from the 15. . This mechanism was useful for our ancestors but now causes problems because of artificial light sources. Evening screen use can delay our natural sleep time by up to 16. , creating a situation similar to constant jet lag. Research using 17. has shown that screen use affects sleep structure, particularly reducing REM sleep and 18. . The disruption of these stages leads to problems with cognitive function and increased risk of 19. .

Questions 20-23

Match each statement with the correct ending, A-F.

20. Adolescents are more affected by screen use because
21. Active technology use differs from passive viewing because it
22. Notification anxiety creates problems because it
23. E-ink displays have less impact on sleep because they

A. requires cognitive engagement and increases stress hormones
B. do not emit their own light
C. their brains are still developing
D. leads to compulsive device checking
E. their circadian rhythms naturally shift later during puberty
F. reduces the quality of REM sleep

Questions 24-26

Choose THREE letters, A-G.

Which THREE factors does the passage mention as affecting how technology impacts sleep?

A. The age of the user
B. The cost of the device
C. The type of activity being performed
D. The size of the screen
E. The nature of the content
F. The colour of the device
G. Whether the activity is interactive or passive

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PASSAGE 3 – Technological Solutions and Future Directions in Sleep Optimization

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The paradoxical relationship between technology as both perpetrator and potential ameliorator of sleep disturbances represents one of the most intriguing frontiers in contemporary sleep science. While considerable evidence implicates screen-based devices in the deterioration of sleep quality across populations, a burgeoning field of research and development seeks to harness technological innovation to counteract these very problems. This dialectical tension between technology’s deleterious effects and its therapeutic potential encapsulates broader questions about human adaptation to rapidly changing sociotechnical environments and the optimization of health in an increasingly digital age.

The first generation of technological interventions focused primarily on mitigating the most direct physiological mechanism of sleep disruption: short-wavelength light exposure. Spectral filtering technologies, which selectively reduce blue light emission while maintaining screen readability and colour accuracy, have become ubiquitous in consumer electronics. However, the efficacy of these solutions remains a subject of scientific debate. While laboratory studies conducted under controlled conditions have demonstrated that filtered displays produce attenuated melatonin suppression compared to standard screens, real-world effectiveness appears more equivocal. A meta-analysis published in the Journal of Sleep Research found that while blue-light filtering reduced subjective reports of eye strain, objective measures of sleep latency (the time required to fall asleep) and total sleep time showed only modest improvements, with effect sizes that were statistically significant but of questionable clinical relevance.

This discrepancy between laboratory findings and ecological validity has prompted researchers to develop more sophisticated models that account for the multidimensional nature of technology’s impact on sleep. Rather than viewing the problem through a purely photobiological lens, contemporary approaches emphasize the behavioural, psychological, and social contexts of device use. For instance, the concept of “digital detox” or “technology curfews” has gained empirical support from intervention studies. One randomized controlled trial involving over 500 participants found that implementing a strict one-hour pre-sleep abstinence from all screen-based devices resulted in significant improvements across multiple sleep parameters: average sleep latency decreased by 23 minutes, total sleep time increased by 42 minutes, and scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) improved by an average of 3.2 points—a change considered clinically meaningful.

Recognizing that complete abstinence from evening technology use may be unrealistic or undesirable for many individuals, researchers have explored more nuanced approaches based on the principle of “sleep hygiene optimization.” These strategies involve selectively modifying specific aspects of technology use rather than eliminating it entirely. For example, studies have investigated whether replacing arousing content with calming alternatives—such as using devices exclusively for guided meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, or ambient soundscapes—might negate the typically negative effects of pre-sleep screen time. Preliminary findings suggest that such contextual modifications can indeed alter outcomes: participants who used tablets for a 20-minute guided meditation session before bed showed comparable melatonin profiles and sleep quality to those who engaged in non-technological relaxation techniques, and both groups significantly outperformed those who used devices for social media or email.

The advent of wearable sleep tracking technology has introduced both opportunities and complications to the landscape of sleep optimization. Devices capable of monitoring movement patterns, heart rate variability, and even blood oxygen saturation offer unprecedented insight into individual sleep architecture outside of clinical settings. This democratization of sleep data has potential benefits: users can identify patterns and correlations between their daytime behaviours and nighttime sleep quality, potentially facilitating more informed decision-making about technology use and other lifestyle factors. How to manage stress in high-pressure jobs discusses broader strategies for maintaining well-being in demanding circumstances, which often intersect with sleep quality concerns. Moreover, some advanced systems employ machine learning algorithms to provide personalized recommendations based on accumulated data, moving beyond generic advice toward individualized interventions.

However, critics have raised concerns about what has been termed “orthosomnia“—an unhealthy preoccupation with achieving perfect sleep as measured by tracking devices. This phenomenon represents a manifestation of broader anxieties about quantified self-monitoring and can, ironically, contribute to sleep difficulties through performance anxiety and hypervigilance regarding sleep metrics. Clinical observations have documented cases of individuals whose sleep quality deteriorated after beginning to use tracking devices, with their excessive focus on achieving optimal numbers creating a counterproductive psychological state incompatible with the relaxed mindset necessary for sleep initiation. This has led some sleep specialists to recommend judicious use of tracking technology, emphasizing interpretative frameworks that view data as informative rather than prescriptive.

Looking toward future developments, researchers are exploring increasingly sophisticated applications of technology for sleep enhancement. Adaptive lighting systems that automatically adjust both intensity and spectral composition throughout the day to align with optimal circadian timing represent one promising avenue. Unlike simple blue-light filters, these systems aim to actively support healthy circadian entrainment by providing bright, blue-enriched light during morning hours to promote alertness and warm, dim lighting in the evening to facilitate melatonin onset. Early pilot studies in both residential and workplace environments have yielded encouraging results, with participants reporting improvements in sleep quality, mood, and daytime functioning.

Pharmaceutical approaches augmented by technology also show promise. Digital therapeutics—software-based interventions designed to treat medical conditions—are being developed for insomnia and other sleep disorders. These applications typically combine cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), stimulus control techniques, and sleep restriction therapy with automated delivery and progress tracking. Several FDA-approved digital therapeutics for insomnia have demonstrated efficacy comparable to traditional face-to-face therapy in clinical trials, with the advantages of scalability, accessibility, and reduced cost. Furthermore, integration of artificial intelligence enables these systems to dynamically adapt treatment protocols based on user responses, potentially improving outcomes through precision medicine approaches.

The trajectory of research suggests that the optimal relationship between technology and sleep likely involves neither wholesale rejection of evening device use nor uncritical acceptance of current patterns, but rather a more thoughtful, evidence-based approach that acknowledges both risks and opportunities. As our understanding of individual differences in susceptibility to technology’s effects becomes more refined, and as technological interventions become more sophisticated in their ability to mitigate negative impacts while enhancing positive applications, the possibility emerges of a future where technology serves as a net benefit rather than a liability for sleep health. Achieving this vision will require continued interdisciplinary collaboration among sleep scientists, human-computer interaction researchers, public health practitioners, and technology developers, alongside greater public awareness and education regarding the nuances of technology’s relationship with sleep.

Công nghệ tương lai hỗ trợ cải thiện giấc ngủ với thiết bị đeo thông minh và hệ thống ánh sáng thích ứng

Questions 27-31

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

27. According to the passage, what is the main limitation of blue-light filtering technology?

    • A. It is too expensive for most consumers
    • B. It makes screens difficult to read
    • C. Laboratory results don’t translate well to real-world situations
    • D. It completely eliminates the effects of screen use

28. The study involving 500 participants found that avoiding screens for one hour before sleep resulted in:

    • A. Participants falling asleep 42 minutes faster
    • B. Participants sleeping 23 minutes longer
    • C. An improvement of 2.3 points on the PSQI scale
    • D. Significant improvements in multiple sleep measures

29. What does the term “orthosomnia” refer to?

    • A. A new method of tracking sleep
    • B. An excessive concern with achieving perfect sleep metrics
    • C. A sleep disorder caused by technology
    • D. A treatment for insomnia using devices

30. Adaptive lighting systems differ from simple blue-light filters because they:

    • A. Are more expensive to install
    • B. Only work during the morning
    • C. Actively adjust light throughout the day to support circadian rhythms
    • D. Completely eliminate blue light

31. Digital therapeutics for insomnia have been shown to:

    • A. Be less effective than traditional therapy
    • B. Work only for young adults
    • C. Have efficacy comparable to face-to-face therapy
    • D. Completely cure insomnia in all patients

Questions 32-36

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.

32. Research on meditation apps before bedtime suggests
33. Wearable sleep tracking devices allow users to
34. Critics of sleep tracking technology argue that
35. Pharmaceutical approaches combined with technology
36. Future developments in sleep technology will likely require

A. collaboration between multiple scientific disciplines
B. monitoring sleep can create anxiety that worsens sleep quality
C. calming content may eliminate negative effects of screen time
D. complete avoidance of all evening technology
E. identify connections between behaviour and sleep patterns
F. enable personalized treatment through AI adaptation
G. only work for people with severe insomnia
H. expensive equipment that few can afford

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Passage 3?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

37. Complete elimination of evening technology use is the most practical solution for most people.
38. The effectiveness of blue-light filters in real-world settings has been conclusively proven.
39. Future sleep technology should focus on both reducing negative effects and enhancing beneficial applications.
40. Public education about technology’s relationship with sleep needs to be improved.

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Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. NOT GIVEN
5. NOT GIVEN
6. TRUE
7. multifunctional/digital hubs
8. melatonin
9. heart rate
10. bedtime reminders
11. B
12. C
13. C

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (hoặc ipRGCs)
15. pineal gland
16. 90 minutes
17. polysomnography
18. slow-wave sleep (hoặc SWS)
19. mood disorders
20. E
21. A
22. D
23. B
    24-26. A, C, E (hoặc A, E, G – theo thứ tự bất kỳ)

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. C
28. D
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. C
33. E
34. B
35. F
36. A
37. NO
38. NO
39. YES
40. YES

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Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: more than three hours, electronic devices, before going to sleep
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “The average person now spends approximately two to three hours on electronic devices before bedtime” (khoảng 2-3 giờ), không phải “more than three hours” (hơn 3 giờ). Đây là thông tin mâu thuẫn nên đáp án là FALSE.

Câu 2: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: blue light, similar to natural daylight, affects melatonin production
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “Electronic devices emit short-wavelength blue light, which is similar to natural daylight” và “suppresses the production of melatonin”. Câu hỏi paraphrase chính xác thông tin này.

Câu 3: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: watching TV from a distance, same effect, smartphone close to face
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “watching television from across the room has less impact than holding a smartphone close to one’s face” (ít tác động hơn), không phải “same effect” (cùng tác động). Đây là thông tin trái ngược nên đáp án là FALSE.

Câu 4: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: teenagers, more affected, blue light, older adults
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6
• Giải thích: Đoạn 6 chỉ nói teenagers “may be particularly vulnerable to the sleep-delaying effects” nhưng không so sánh trực tiếp mức độ ảnh hưởng của blue light giữa teenagers và older adults. Thông tin không đủ để xác định.

Câu 7: multifunctional/digital hubs

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: bedrooms, instead of just places to sleep
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, câu đầu tiên
• Giải thích: “Technology has dramatically transformed our bedrooms from simple sleeping spaces into multifunctional digital hubs.” Câu hỏi hỏi về điều gì bedrooms đã trở thành.

Câu 8: melatonin

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: hormone, making people feel sleepy
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: “Melatonin, the hormone responsible for making us feel sleepy” – câu trả lời rõ ràng.

Câu 11: B (75%)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: percentage, adults, smartphones in bed
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Nearly 75% of adults admit to using their smartphones in bed” – đáp án trực tiếp.

Câu 13: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: most effective way, reduce technology’s impact
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, câu cuối
• Giải thích: “Experts emphasize that the most effective solution is still to establish a technology-free wind-down period of at least 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime.” Đây là giải pháp hiệu quả nhất theo bài đọc.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (hoặc ipRGCs)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: special cells, sensitive to blue light
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, giữa đoạn
• Giải thích: “The discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)” – đây là tên chính xác của các tế bào đặc biệt được nhắc đến.

Câu 16: 90 minutes

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: delay natural sleep time
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, cuối đoạn
• Giải thích: “Screen light in the evening can shift circadian phase by 30 to 90 minutes” – câu hỏi hỏi về mức tối đa là 90 minutes.

Câu 20: E

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching sentence endings
• Từ khóa: adolescents, more affected
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7
• Giải thích: “Adolescents appear particularly vulnerable due to… their circadian rhythms naturally shift toward later sleep times during puberty” – matching với đáp án E.

Câu 21: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching sentence endings
• Từ khóa: active technology use, differs from passive viewing
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5
• Giải thích: “Using smartphones or tablets often involves bidirectional communication and cognitive engagement… increase cortisol levels” – khớp với đáp án A về cognitive engagement và stress hormones.

Câu 24-26: A, C, E (hoặc A, E, G)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple selection
• Vị trí trong bài: Nhiều đoạn trong passage
• Giải thích:
  • A (age): Đoạn 7 đề cập đến sự khác biệt giữa adolescents và older adults
  • C (type of activity): Đoạn 8 phân biệt active và passive use
  • E (nature of content): Đoạn 8 đề cập arousing vs relaxing content
  • G cũng đúng vì đoạn 8 nói về active vs passive technology use

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: main limitation, blue-light filtering technology
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2
• Giải thích: “While laboratory studies… have demonstrated effects, real-world effectiveness appears more equivocal” và “discrepancy between laboratory findings and ecological validity” – cho thấy vấn đề là kết quả phòng thí nghiệm không phản ánh thực tế.

Câu 28: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: 500 participants, one hour before sleep
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3
• Giải thích: “Resulted in significant improvements across multiple sleep parameters: average sleep latency decreased by 23 minutes, total sleep time increased by 42 minutes…” – nhiều cải thiện quan trọng, không chỉ một chỉ số.

Câu 29: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: orthosomnia
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6
• Giải thích: “Orthosomnia—an unhealthy preoccupation with achieving perfect sleep as measured by tracking devices” – định nghĩa rõ ràng về sự lo lắng quá mức với số liệu giấc ngủ.

Câu 37: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói “complete abstinence from evening technology use may be unrealistic or undesirable” – mâu thuẫn với việc đây là giải pháp thực tế nhất.

Câu 39: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn cuối
• Giải thích: “As technological interventions become more sophisticated in their ability to mitigate negative impacts while enhancing positive applications” – tác giả đồng ý với quan điểm này.

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Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
multifunctional	adj	/ˌmʌltiˈfʌŋkʃənl/	đa chức năng	multifunctional digital hubs	multifunctional space/device
fundamentally	adv	/ˌfʌndəˈmentəli/	về cơ bản, căn bản	fundamentally altered	fundamentally change/different
widespread	adj	/ˈwaɪdspred/	phổ biến rộng rãi	widespread adoption	widespread use/belief
suppress	v	/səˈpres/	kìm hãm, ngăn chặn	suppresses the production	suppress emotions/appetite
emission	n	/ɪˈmɪʃn/	sự phát ra, phát thải	blue light emission	carbon emission, light emission
physiological	adj	/ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/	thuộc về sinh lý	physiological effects	physiological response/change
stimulating	adj	/ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/	kích thích	stimulating content	stimulating environment/activity
intensity	n	/ɪnˈtensəti/	cường độ	intensity of blue light exposure	light intensity, exercise intensity
exacerbate	v	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/	làm trầm trọng thêm	exacerbate their sleep problems	exacerbate the situation/condition
wind-down	n	/waɪnd daʊn/	thời gian thư giãn	technology-free wind-down period	wind-down routine/time
vulnerable	adj	/ˈvʌlnərəbl/	dễ bị tổn thương	particularly vulnerable	vulnerable to/population
establish	v	/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/	thiết lập	establish a technology-free period	establish a routine/relationship

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
pervasive	adj	/pəˈveɪsɪv/	lan tràn, phổ biến	pervasive phenomenon	pervasive influence/problem
intricate	adj	/ˈɪntrɪkət/	phức tạp, tinh vi	intricate workings	intricate details/system
circadian	adj	/sɜːˈkeɪdiən/	thuộc về nhịp sinh học 24h	circadian rhythms	circadian clock/cycle
revolutionize	v	/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/	cách mạng hóa	revolutionized our understanding	revolutionize the industry
ubiquity	n	/juːˈbɪkwəti/	sự có mặt khắp nơi	ubiquity of artificial light	ubiquity of technology
misalignment	n	/ˌmɪsəˈlaɪnmənt/	sự không đồng bộ	misalignment between clocks	misalignment of interests
analogous	adj	/əˈnæləɡəs/	tương tự	analogous to chronic jet lag	analogous to/situation
consolidation	n	/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn/	sự củng cố	memory consolidation	consolidation of power/knowledge
bidirectional	adj	/ˌbaɪdəˈrekʃənl/	hai chiều	bidirectional communication	bidirectional flow/relationship
compulsive	adj	/kəmˈpʌlsɪv/	bị ám ảnh, bắt buộc	compulsive need	compulsive behavior/disorder
susceptibility	n	/səˌseptəˈbɪləti/	tính dễ bị ảnh hưởng	susceptibility to disruption	susceptibility to disease/influence
confluence	n	/ˈkɒnfluəns/	sự hợp lưu	confluence of factors	confluence of events/circumstances
exacerbate	v	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/	làm trầm trọng	exacerbate vulnerabilities	exacerbate problems/tensions
ambient	adj	/ˈæmbiənt/	xung quanh, môi trường	ambient illumination	ambient light/temperature
correlation	n	/ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn/	mối tương quan	strong correlations	correlation between/coefficient

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
paradoxical	adj	/ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkl/	nghịch lý	paradoxical relationship	paradoxical situation/effect
ameliorator	n	/əˈmiːliəreɪtə(r)/	chất cải thiện	potential ameliorator	–
perpetrator	n	/ˈpɜːpətreɪtə(r)/	thủ phạm	perpetrator of disturbances	perpetrator of crime
burgeoning	adj	/ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ/	đang phát triển mạnh	burgeoning field	burgeoning industry/market
dialectical	adj	/ˌdaɪəˈlektɪkl/	biện chứng	dialectical tension	dialectical approach/method
deleterious	adj	/ˌdeləˈtɪəriəs/	có hại	deleterious effects	deleterious impact/influence
encapsulate	v	/ɪnˈkæpsjuleɪt/	tóm tắt, đóng gói	encapsulates broader questions	encapsulate the essence
ubiquitous	adj	/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/	có mặt khắp nơi	ubiquitous in consumer electronics	ubiquitous technology/presence
attenuated	adj	/əˈtenjueɪtɪd/	bị giảm yếu	attenuated melatonin suppression	attenuated response/signal
equivocal	adj	/ɪˈkwɪvəkl/	không rõ ràng	more equivocal	equivocal results/evidence
latency	n	/ˈleɪtənsi/	độ trễ	sleep latency	latency period/time
abstinence	n	/ˈæbstɪnəns/	sự kiêng cữ	pre-sleep abstinence	abstinence from alcohol/drugs
nuanced	adj	/ˈnjuːɑːnst/	tinh tế, phức tạp	more nuanced approaches	nuanced understanding/view
democratization	n	/dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự dân chủ hóa	democratization of sleep data	democratization of information
orthosomnia	n	/ˌɔːθəʊˈsɒmniə/	chứng lo âu về giấc ngủ	unhealthy preoccupation	–
hypervigilance	n	/ˌhaɪpəˈvɪdʒɪləns/	sự cảnh giác thái quá	hypervigilance regarding metrics	hypervigilance about safety
judicious	adj	/dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/	khôn ngoan, sáng suốt	judicious use	judicious decision/choice
entrainment	n	/ɪnˈtreɪnmənt/	sự đồng bộ hóa	circadian entrainment	entrainment of rhythms
augmented	adj	/ɔːɡˈmentɪd/	được tăng cường	augmented by technology	augmented reality/capabilities
trajectory	n	/trəˈdʒektəri/	quỹ đạo, xu hướng	trajectory of research	career trajectory, development trajectory

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Kết Bài

Chủ đề về ảnh hưởng của công nghệ đến giấc ngủ không chỉ là một xu hướng nghiên cứu đương đại mà còn phản ánh thực tế cuộc sống hiện đại của chúng ta. Như bạn đã thấy qua bộ đề thi mẫu này, IELTS Reading có thể tiếp cận chủ đề này từ nhiều góc độ khác nhau: từ những tác động cơ bản và dễ hiểu trong Passage 1, đến phân tích khoa học sâu sắc hơn trong Passage 2, và cuối cùng là những giải pháp công nghệ tiên tiến trong Passage 3.

Ba passages trong đề thi này đã cung cấp đầy đủ các mức độ khó từ Easy đến Hard, giúp bạn làm quen với cách IELTS Reading test xây dựng độ khó tăng dần. Bạn đã được thực hành với hầu hết các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất, từ True/False/Not Given đến Multiple Choice, Matching và Summary Completion. Điều quan trọng là bạn cần chú ý đến cách mỗi dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc hiểu khác nhau: scanning để tìm thông tin cụ thể, skimming để nắm ý chính, và critical reading để phân tích suy luận.

Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích đã được cung cấp để giúp bạn không chỉ biết đáp án đúng là gì mà còn hiểu tại sao đó là đáp án đúng. Đây là bước quan trọng trong quá trình tự học và cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài. Hãy dành thời gian xem lại những câu bạn làm sai và phân tích xem mình đã nhầm lẫn ở đâu.

Phần từ vựng đã tổng hợp những từ khóa quan trọng nhất từ mỗi passage, kèm theo phiên âm, nghĩa tiếng Việt và collocations. Việc nắm vững những từ vựng này không chỉ giúp bạn trong phần Reading mà còn có thể áp dụng cho các phần thi khác như Writing và Speaking.

Để đạt kết quả tốt nhất, bạn nên:

• Làm bài trong điều kiện giống thi thật (60 phút, không tra từ điển)
• Sau đó xem lại đáp án và phân tích kỹ những câu sai
• Học từ vựng trong ngữ cảnh, không học từ vựng đơn lẻ
• Thực hành thường xuyên với nhiều đề thi khác nhau
• Đọc thêm các bài báo tiếng Anh về chủ đề tương tự để làm quen với academic vocabulary

Chúc bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt band điểm như mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!