Mở Bài
Chủ đề “How To Create A Morning Routine” (Cách xây dựng thói quen buổi sáng) là một trong những chủ đề phổ biến trong phần IELTS Reading, thường xuất hiện dưới dạng bài đọc về lối sống, sức khỏe, và năng suất cá nhân. Chủ đề này không chỉ gần gũi với đời sống thực tế mà còn chứa đựng nhiều từ vựng học thuật quan trọng về tâm lý học, quản lý thời gian và phát triển bản thân.
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi với đầy đủ các dạng bài phổ biến trong kỳ thi thật. Mỗi passage được thiết kế dựa trên chuẩn Cambridge IELTS, đảm bảo tính xác thực và giá trị luyện tập cao nhất.
Bạn cũng sẽ nhận được đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích, từ vựng quan trọng theo từng passage, và các chiến lược làm bài hiệu quả. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với format thi thật, rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu và quản lý thời gian một cách bài bản.
1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Độ khó của các passages tăng dần từ Passage 1 đến Passage 3. Điều quan trọng là bạn cần phân bổ thời gian hợp lý để hoàn thành toàn bộ bài thi.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó Easy)
- Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó Medium)
- Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó Hard)
Lưu ý rằng không có thời gian bổ sung để chép đáp án vào Answer Sheet, vì vậy bạn cần viết đáp án trực tiếp trong quá trình làm bài.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không được đề cập
- Matching Information – Ghép thông tin với đoạn văn
- Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định ý kiến của tác giả
- Matching Headings – Ghép tiêu đề với đoạn văn
- Summary Completion – Hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt
- Short-answer Questions – Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn
Mỗi dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc hiểu khác nhau, từ scanning (đọc lướt tìm thông tin cụ thể) đến skimming (đọc nhanh nắm ý chính) và detailed reading (đọc kỹ hiểu sâu).
2. IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Science Behind Morning Routines
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
For centuries, successful individuals have attributed their achievements to well-structured morning routines. From ancient philosophers to modern CEOs, the way we start our day has been recognised as a crucial factor in determining our overall productivity and well-being. Recent scientific research has begun to validate these age-old practices, revealing the biological mechanisms that make morning routines so effective.
The human body operates on a circadian rhythm, an internal clock that regulates our sleep-wake cycle and various physiological processes. This rhythm is most sensitive to light exposure in the early morning hours. When we wake up and expose ourselves to natural light, our body receives a signal to suppress the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for sleepiness, and increase the production of cortisol, which helps us feel alert and energised. This natural transition is the foundation upon which effective morning routines are built.
Dr. Sarah Mitchell, a chronobiologist at Stanford University, explains that the first hour after waking is a “critical window” for establishing our body’s expectations for the day ahead. “What we do immediately upon waking sends powerful signals to our brain about what kind of day we’re going to have,” she notes. This is why consistent morning routines can have such a profound impact on our mental and physical state throughout the day.
One of the most important aspects of creating an effective morning routine is consistency. Research shows that it takes approximately 66 days on average for a new behaviour to become automatic. However, this timeline can vary significantly depending on the complexity of the habit and individual differences. The key is to start with simple, manageable activities that don’t require significant willpower or decision-making.
Hydration is often cited as one of the simplest yet most beneficial morning habits. After 7-8 hours of sleep without water intake, our bodies are naturally dehydrated. Drinking a glass of water upon waking helps to kickstart our metabolism, flush out toxins, and improve cognitive function. Some experts recommend adding a slice of lemon to provide vitamin C and support digestive health, although plain water is perfectly adequate.
Physical activity in the morning, even if it’s just light stretching or a short walk, can significantly enhance our mood and energy levels. Exercise triggers the release of endorphins, often called “feel-good hormones,” which can help reduce stress and anxiety. Moreover, morning exercise has been shown to improve focus and concentration throughout the day, making it easier to tackle challenging tasks. A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that just 30 minutes of morning exercise could enhance cognitive performance and decision-making abilities for up to 10 hours.
Many successful people incorporate some form of mindfulness practice into their morning routines, whether it’s meditation, journaling, or simply sitting quietly with a cup of tea. These practices help to cultivate a sense of calm and clarity before the demands of the day begin. Research from Harvard Medical School has demonstrated that regular meditation can actually change the structure of the brain, increasing grey matter in regions associated with emotional regulation and self-awareness.
Another crucial element of an effective morning routine is a nutritious breakfast. While intermittent fasting has gained popularity in recent years, studies show that for most people, eating a balanced breakfast helps stabilise blood sugar levels and provides the energy needed for optimal cognitive and physical performance. The ideal breakfast includes a combination of complex carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats. For instance, whole grain toast with avocado and eggs provides sustained energy without causing the blood sugar spikes associated with sugary cereals or pastries.
Technology management is an increasingly important consideration when designing morning routines. Many experts recommend avoiding checking emails or social media for at least the first 30-60 minutes after waking. This practice helps to protect our mental space from external demands and allows us to maintain focus on our own priorities. Studies have shown that people who check their phones immediately upon waking report higher levels of stress and lower productivity throughout the day. Các nghiên cứu về how to manage digital overload đã chỉ ra rằng việc hạn chế tiếp xúc với công nghệ vào buổi sáng có thể cải thiện đáng kể chất lượng cuộc sống.
The temperature of your morning shower can also play a role in how you feel throughout the day. While warm showers are relaxing, brief exposure to cold water has been shown to increase alertness, improve circulation, and even boost the immune system. The practice of alternating between hot and cold water, known as contrast hydrotherapy, has been used for centuries in various cultures to invigorate the body and mind.
Creating a personalised morning routine requires self-awareness and experimentation. What works wonderfully for one person might not suit another’s lifestyle or preferences. The goal is to develop a sequence of activities that leaves you feeling energised, focused, and positive about the day ahead. Start by identifying 2-3 core activities that align with your goals and values, then gradually add or modify elements as needed. Remember, the best morning routine is one that you can maintain consistently, not one that requires superhuman effort or discipline.
Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. According to the passage, circadian rhythm is most affected by:
A) The amount of sleep we get
B) Light exposure in the early morning
C) The food we eat for breakfast
D) Physical exercise
2. Dr. Sarah Mitchell describes the first hour after waking as:
A) The most productive time of day
B) A critical window for the body
C) Difficult for most people
D) Less important than evening routines
3. Research suggests a new behaviour becomes automatic after approximately:
A) 30 days
B) 45 days
C) 66 days
D) 90 days
4. Morning exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance for up to:
A) 2 hours
B) 5 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 10 hours
5. Many experts recommend avoiding checking phones after waking for at least:
A) 15-20 minutes
B) 30-60 minutes
C) 1-2 hours
D) Until after breakfast
Questions 6-10: True/False/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. Ancient philosophers were the first people to use structured morning routines.
7. Drinking water with lemon is more beneficial than drinking plain water in the morning.
8. Meditation can physically change the structure of the brain.
9. Intermittent fasting is not recommended for anyone.
10. People who check their phones immediately after waking tend to be more stressed.
Questions 11-13: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
11. When we wake up and see natural light, our body reduces the production of __, which makes us sleepy.
12. Exercise in the morning releases __, which are hormones that make us feel good.
13. The practice of switching between hot and cold water is called __.
PASSAGE 2 – Designing Your Ideal Morning: A Psychological Perspective
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
The concept of an “ideal” morning routine has become somewhat of a cultural phenomenon in recent years, with countless books, podcasts, and articles prescribing specific activities and schedules. However, psychological research suggests that the effectiveness of a morning routine is far more nuanced than simply following a prescribed set of activities. Understanding the psychological principles behind habit formation and motivation can help individuals design morning routines that are not only effective but also sustainable in the long term.
A At the core of successful morning routine design is the concept of “implementation intentions”, a psychological strategy researched extensively by Peter Gollwitzer and his colleagues. Implementation intentions are specific plans that link situational cues with goal-directed behaviours using an “if-then” format. For example, “If I finish brushing my teeth, then I will do five minutes of stretching.” This approach bypasses the need for conscious decision-making, as the behaviour becomes an automatic response to a specific trigger. Research has shown that implementation intentions can double or even triple the success rate of habit adoption compared to simply having a goal without a specific plan.
B The sequencing of morning activities is another critical factor that often goes overlooked. According to the principle of “habit stacking“, popularised by author James Clear, attaching a new habit to an existing one creates a natural flow that requires less cognitive load. This technique leverages the psychological principle of associative learning, where behaviours become linked in our minds through repeated pairing. For instance, if you already have a strong habit of making coffee every morning, you might stack a new habit of doing breathing exercises while waiting for the coffee to brew. The established habit serves as both a cue and an anchor for the new behaviour.
C Another psychological consideration is the concept of “decision fatigue“. Research by social psychologist Roy Baumeister has demonstrated that our capacity for making decisions is a finite resource that depletes throughout the day. By establishing a consistent morning routine, we minimise the number of decisions we need to make during the early hours, preserving our mental energy for more important choices later. This is why many successful individuals, from Steve Jobs to Barack Obama, famously wore similar outfits daily – it was one less decision to make. Implementing systems and routines for morning activities eliminates decision points and conserves valuable cognitive resources.
D The role of intrinsic motivation versus extrinsic motivation is particularly relevant when designing morning routines. Intrinsic motivation comes from internal satisfaction and personal meaning, while extrinsic motivation stems from external rewards or pressures. Research consistently shows that behaviours driven by intrinsic motivation are more likely to be maintained over time. Therefore, when selecting activities for your morning routine, it’s crucial to choose ones that you find genuinely fulfilling or that align with your core values, rather than simply copying what others do. If you hate running but force yourself to do it every morning because a productivity guru recommends it, the routine is unlikely to stick.
E The concept of “keystone habits“, introduced by Charles Duhigg in his book “The Power of Habit”, offers valuable insights for morning routine design. Keystone habits are behaviours that trigger a cascade of other positive behaviours and create a ripple effect throughout your life. For many people, exercise functions as a keystone habit – when they exercise in the morning, they tend to eat healthier, be more productive, and make better decisions throughout the day. Identifying and prioritising keystone habits in your morning routine can amplify the benefits and create momentum that carries through the entire day.
F Environmental design plays a crucial but often underestimated role in the success of morning routines. The field of environmental psychology has demonstrated that our physical surroundings significantly influence our behaviour, often in ways we don’t consciously recognise. By strategically arranging your environment the night before, you can make desired behaviours easier and undesired behaviours more difficult. This might include laying out workout clothes, preparing breakfast ingredients, or placing a book on your pillow to encourage reading before bed. These small environmental modifications reduce friction and increase the likelihood of following through with your intentions. Việc how to stay focused trong môi trường đầy phân tâm đòi hỏi sự chuẩn bị không gian sống hợp lý ngay từ buổi sáng.
G The timing of morning routines also warrants careful consideration. While popular culture often glorifies waking up at 5 AM, research in chronobiology shows that people have different chronotypes – natural preferences for sleeping and waking times. These preferences are partly genetic and can be difficult to change. “Morning larks” naturally feel alert and energetic early in the day, while “night owls” reach their peak performance later. Forcing yourself to wake up significantly earlier than your natural chronotype suggests may lead to sleep deprivation and reduced overall well-being, potentially negating any benefits from the morning routine itself.
H The concept of “psychological flexibility” is essential for maintaining morning routines over the long term. Research from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasises the importance of adapting behaviours to different contexts while staying aligned with core values. This means that an effective morning routine should have some built-in flexibility to accommodate variations in circumstances, such as travel, illness, or changes in life situations. Having a “minimal viable routine” – a shortened version of your ideal routine that you can do even on difficult days – helps maintain consistency without creating feelings of failure when you can’t complete the full routine.
I Social support and accountability mechanisms can significantly enhance the sustainability of morning routines. Psychological research on behaviour change consistently shows that having external accountability – whether through a workout partner, a morning routine app with tracking features, or a supportive community – increases the likelihood of adherence. However, it’s important to balance external accountability with internal motivation to avoid becoming dependent on external factors for maintaining the routine.
J Finally, the process of reflection and adjustment should be an integral part of any morning routine strategy. Regular assessment of how your routine is serving you allows for iterative improvements and prevents the routine from becoming a rigid structure that no longer meets your needs. This metacognitive approach – thinking about your thinking and habits – enables you to stay attuned to changes in your life circumstances, goals, and preferences, ensuring that your morning routine remains a tool for enhancement rather than becoming another source of stress.
Thiết kế thói quen buổi sáng hiệu quả dựa trên nguyên lý tâm lý học cho năng suất cao
Questions 14-18: Matching Headings
The passage has ten paragraphs, A-J.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings below.
List of Headings:
i. The importance of flexibility in routines
ii. Linking behaviours through if-then planning
iii. How environmental setup influences behaviour
iv. Finding personally meaningful activities
v. Conserving mental energy through consistency
vi. The impact of social connections
vii. Connecting new habits to existing ones
viii. Habits that create positive chain reactions
ix. Timing based on natural body rhythms
x. Regular evaluation of routine effectiveness
14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
Questions 19-23: Yes/No/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage?
Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
19. Implementation intentions are more effective than having goals without specific plans.
20. Steve Jobs wore the same outfit daily because he couldn’t afford different clothes.
21. Behaviours motivated by internal satisfaction last longer than those driven by external rewards.
22. Everyone should wake up at 5 AM to be successful.
23. Having a shortened version of your routine helps maintain consistency.
Questions 24-26: Summary Completion
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Designing an effective morning routine requires understanding several psychological principles. The concept of 24. __ involves making specific “if-then” plans that link situations with behaviours. This reduces the need for conscious decision-making. Additionally, the principle of 25. __ suggests attaching new habits to existing ones to create a natural flow. It’s also important to identify **26. __, which are habits that trigger multiple other positive behaviours throughout the day.
PASSAGE 3 – The Neurobiological Foundations of Morning Routine Efficacy
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The exponential growth in scholarly interest surrounding morning routines over the past decade has catalysed a convergence of research from neuroscience, chronobiology, and behavioural psychology, yielding increasingly sophisticated insights into why these structured practices exert such profound effects on human performance and well-being. While popular discourse often trivialises morning routines as merely aspirational lifestyle practices, emerging evidence from neuroimaging studies and biochemical analyses reveals a complex interplay of neurobiological mechanisms that underpin their efficacy. Understanding these mechanisms not only validates the anecdotal evidence accumulated over centuries but also provides a framework for optimising morning protocols to align with individual neurophysiological profiles.
Central to the neurobiological rationale for morning routines is the concept of ultradian rhythms and their interaction with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) – the brain’s master circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamus. The SCN orchestrates a multitude of physiological processes through hormonal signalling cascades, most notably the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Upon awakening, the SCN initiates the cortisol awakening response (CAR), a sharp increase in cortisol levels that typically peaks 30-45 minutes post-awakening. This glucocorticoid surge serves multiple functions: it mobilises energy resources, enhances hippocampal function for memory consolidation, and primes the prefrontal cortex for executive functioning. Research by Wilhelm and colleagues, published in Nature Communications, has demonstrated that the magnitude and timing of the CAR can be modulated by consistent morning behaviours, suggesting that routines can literally reprogram our stress response systems to be more adaptive and responsive.
The neuroplastic implications of morning routines extend beyond acute hormonal responses to encompass structural and functional changes in brain architecture. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed that repeated engagement in specific morning activities induces changes in synaptic connectivity within the basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, which is crucial for habit formation and automaticity. This process, termed procedural memory consolidation, transforms effortful, deliberate actions into automatic behaviours that require minimal cognitive overhead. Graybiel and colleagues at MIT have elucidated the role of neuronal ensembles called “habit circuits” that develop in the dorsolateral striatum, creating what they term “chunked” behavioural sequences. These neuronal patterns enable the brain to execute complex routines with remarkable efficiency, freeing up prefrontal resources for higher-order cognitive tasks.
The relationship between morning routines and neurotransmitter systems provides another layer of understanding. Dopaminergic pathways, originating primarily from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, play a pivotal role in motivation, reward prediction, and goal-directed behaviour. Morning activities that generate a sense of accomplishment or pleasure – whether physical exercise, meditation, or completing meaningful tasks – stimulate dopamine release, creating positive reinforcement loops. However, the timing of these dopaminergic surges is critical. Schultz’s influential work on reward prediction error has shown that dopamine neurons respond most strongly to unexpected rewards and can become sensitised to predictable patterns. This suggests that while consistency is important for habit formation, introducing elements of novelty or variation within a structured morning framework may optimise dopaminergic engagement and prevent habituation. Các yếu tố liên quan đến effects of technology on sleep patterns cũng ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến chất lượng của các chu kỳ thần kinh sinh học này.
Recent investigations into the gut-brain axis have unveiled an additional dimension to morning routine efficacy. The enteric nervous system, often called the “second brain”, contains approximately 500 million neurons and produces significant quantities of neurotransmitters, including 90% of the body’s serotonin. Emerging research indicates that morning nutritional intake and hydration status can rapidly influence gut microbiome composition and, subsequently, neurotransmitter production. Studies by Mayer and colleagues at UCLA have demonstrated bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain regions involved in emotion regulation and cognition. The implications are striking: the food and beverages consumed during morning routines may exert effects on mood and cognitive performance not merely through metabolic pathways but also through microbially-mediated signalling to the brain. This mechanistic understanding lends credence to traditional wisdom about the importance of a mindful, nutritious breakfast, while also suggesting that individual variations in gut microbiome composition may necessitate personalised approaches to morning nutrition.
The adenosinergic system provides yet another neurobiological lens through which to understand morning routine effectiveness. Adenosine, a neuromodulator that accumulates during wakefulness and promotes sleep pressure, binds to receptors throughout the brain, particularly in the basal forebrain and cerebral cortex, inducing drowsiness and reducing neuronal excitability. Upon waking, adenosine levels are at their lowest point, but begin accumulating immediately. Activities that promote wakefulness – such as exposure to bright light, physical movement, and cold exposure – work partly by antagonising adenosine signalling. Moreover, caffeine, a staple of many morning routines, functions primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist, blocking adenosine’s sleep-promoting effects. However, timing matters: consuming caffeine immediately upon waking may interfere with the natural cortisol awakening response, potentially creating dependence and reducing the body’s endogenous awakening mechanisms. Research suggests that delaying caffeine consumption by 90-120 minutes post-awakening may optimise both natural cortisol rhythms and caffeine’s alertness-promoting effects.
The allostatic load framework, developed by McEwen and Stellar, offers a compelling explanation for why morning routines can have long-term health implications beyond immediate performance benefits. Allostatic load refers to the cumulative wear and tear on the body’s physiological systems resulting from chronic stress and maladaptive coping responses. Morning routines that incorporate stress-reduction practices – such as meditation, gentle exercise, or nature exposure – may reduce allostatic load by dampening excessive or prolonged activation of stress-response systems. Longitudinal studies have shown that individuals with consistent, health-promoting morning routines exhibit lower markers of systemic inflammation (such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), better cardiovascular function, and more resilient neuroendocrine responses to stressors. These findings suggest that morning routines function as a form of prophylactic medicine, building physiological resilience against the deleterious effects of chronic stress.
Neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, processes fundamental to learning and memory, are also influenced by morning behaviours. Physical exercise, particularly aerobic activity, has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new neurons and synapses. Intriguingly, research by van Praag and colleagues has demonstrated that the benefits of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis are more pronounced when exercise occurs during the early part of the active phase – suggesting that morning workouts may be particularly beneficial for cognitive function. Additionally, the interaction between BDNF and the serotonergic system creates a synergistic effect wherein morning exercise enhances mood while simultaneously optimising conditions for learning and memory consolidation throughout the day.
The concept of “temporal architecture” has emerged as a unifying framework for understanding how morning routines influence daily functioning. This concept, articulated by chronobiologist Till Roenneberg, refers to the temporal organisation of behaviours in relation to internal biological rhythms. Misalignment between internal rhythms and external demands – termed “social jetlag” – has been associated with numerous negative health outcomes, including metabolic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. Morning routines serve as a daily synchronisation mechanism, helping to align the body’s internal clocks with external time cues and creating a coherent temporal structure for subsequent activities. Research indicates that this synchronisation effect is particularly important for the peripheral oscillators found in virtually every organ system, which must be coordinated with the central SCN pacemaker for optimal physiological functioning.
Individual differences in genetic polymorphisms related to circadian function, neurotransmitter metabolism, and stress responsivity suggest that prescriptive, one-size-fits-all approaches to morning routines are neurobiologically untenable. For instance, variations in the PER3 gene influence whether individuals are naturally early or late chronotypes, while polymorphisms in COMT affect dopamine catabolism and, consequently, optimal arousal levels and stress sensitivity. Emerging work in personalised circadian medicine suggests that future approaches to morning routine design may incorporate genetic profiling, wearable biosensor data, and machine learning algorithms to develop individually tailored protocols that maximise neurobiological alignment and minimise maladaptive stress responses. This precision-based approach represents a significant departure from generic productivity advice, instead grounding morning routine design in the particularities of individual neurobiology.
Cơ chế thần kinh sinh học của thói quen buổi sáng và tác động đến não bộ
Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
27. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is described as:
A) A hormone produced during morning hours
B) The brain’s master circadian pacemaker
C) A region responsible only for sleep
D) A newly discovered part of the brain
28. According to the passage, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) typically peaks:
A) Immediately upon waking
B) 15-20 minutes after waking
C) 30-45 minutes after waking
D) 60-90 minutes after waking
29. Studies at MIT revealed that habit circuits develop in which part of the brain?
A) The hippocampus
B) The prefrontal cortex
C) The dorsolateral striatum
D) The basal forebrain
30. The passage suggests that the optimal time to consume caffeine after waking is:
A) Immediately upon waking
B) 30 minutes after waking
C) 60 minutes after waking
D) 90-120 minutes after waking
31. According to the passage, approximately what percentage of the body’s serotonin is produced in the gut?
A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 90%
D) 100%
Questions 32-36: Matching Features
Match each researcher or research team (32-36) with the correct discovery or contribution (A-H).
Researchers:
32. Wilhelm and colleagues
33. Graybiel and colleagues
34. Schultz
35. Mayer and colleagues
36. van Praag and colleagues
Discoveries/Contributions:
A) Demonstrated bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and brain
B) Developed the concept of temporal architecture
C) Showed that morning routines can reprogram stress response systems
D) Discovered that exercise benefits hippocampal neurogenesis more in the morning
E) Researched reward prediction error and dopamine neurons
F) Identified habit circuits in the brain that create chunked behavioural sequences
G) Developed the allostatic load framework
H) Investigated the role of adenosine in sleep regulation
Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
37. What term describes the misalignment between internal biological rhythms and external demands?
38. What protein supports neuron survival and encourages the growth of new neurons?
39. What type of approach to morning routines does the passage suggest is neurobiologically untenable?
40. According to the passage, what system contains approximately 500 million neurons and is called the “second brain”?
3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- B
- B
- C
- D
- B
- NOT GIVEN
- FALSE
- TRUE
- FALSE
- TRUE
- melatonin
- endorphins
- contrast hydrotherapy
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- ii
- vii
- v
- iv
- viii
- YES
- NO
- YES
- NO
- YES
- implementation intentions
- habit stacking
- keystone habits
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- B
- C
- C
- D
- C
- C
- F
- E
- A
- D
- social jetlag
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor / BDNF
- prescriptive, one-size-fits-all / one-size-fits-all
- enteric nervous system
4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: circadian rhythm, most affected by
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “This rhythm is most sensitive to light exposure in the early morning hours” – chu kỳ này nhạy cảm nhất với ánh sáng vào buổi sáng sớm. Đây là paraphrase của “most affected by light exposure in the early morning”.
Câu 2: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Dr. Sarah Mitchell, first hour after waking
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Đoạn văn trích dẫn Dr. Mitchell nói rằng giờ đầu tiên sau khi thức dậy là “critical window” – cửa sổ quan trọng. Đây là paraphrase trực tiếp của đáp án B.
Câu 3: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: new behaviour becomes automatic, approximately
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nêu rõ “it takes approximately 66 days on average for a new behaviour to become automatic”. Con số 66 ngày được nói rõ ràng.
Câu 6: NOT GIVEN
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: ancient philosophers, first people
- Giải thích: Bài đọc chỉ đề cập “ancient philosophers” có sử dụng morning routines nhưng không nói họ là người đầu tiên. Không có thông tin để xác định điều này đúng hay sai.
Câu 7: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: water with lemon, more beneficial than plain water
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “Some experts recommend adding a slice of lemon… although plain water is perfectly adequate” – nghĩa là nước lọc đã đủ tốt. Điều này mâu thuẫn với việc nước chanh tốt hơn.
Câu 8: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: meditation, change structure of brain
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “regular meditation can actually change the structure of the brain, increasing grey matter” – thiền định có thể thay đổi cấu trúc não bộ.
Câu 10: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: check phones immediately, more stressed
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng cuối
- Giải thích: “People who check their phones immediately upon waking report higher levels of stress” – những người kiểm tra điện thoại ngay khi thức dậy báo cáo mức độ căng thẳng cao hơn.
Câu 11: melatonin
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: wake up, natural light, reduce production
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “suppress the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for sleepiness” – ức chế sản xuất melatonin.
Câu 12: endorphins
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: exercise, releases, feel-good hormones
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Exercise triggers the release of endorphins, often called ‘feel-good hormones'” – vận động kích thích giải phóng endorphins.
Câu 13: contrast hydrotherapy
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: switching between hot and cold water
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “The practice of alternating between hot and cold water, known as contrast hydrotherapy” – thực hành luân phiên giữa nước nóng và lạnh được gọi là contrast hydrotherapy.
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: ii (Linking behaviours through if-then planning)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí: Paragraph A
- Giải thích: Đoạn A tập trung vào “implementation intentions” sử dụng format “if-then” để liên kết tình huống với hành vi. Đây là paraphrase của “linking behaviours through if-then planning”.
Câu 15: vii (Connecting new habits to existing ones)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: Đoạn B nói về “habit stacking” – gắn thói quen mới vào thói quen đã có sẵn. Đây chính xác là “connecting new habits to existing ones”.
Câu 16: v (Conserving mental energy through consistency)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí: Paragraph C
- Giải thích: Đoạn C thảo luận về “decision fatigue” và cách thói quen buổi sáng giúp tiết kiệm năng lượng tinh thần bằng cách giảm số lượng quyết định cần đưa ra.
Câu 19: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: implementation intentions, more effective than goals without plans
- Vị trí: Paragraph A, cuối đoạn
- Giải thích: “Research has shown that implementation intentions can double or even triple the success rate” – nghiên cứu cho thấy implementation intentions có thể tăng gấp đôi hoặc gấp ba tỷ lệ thành công so với chỉ có mục tiêu không có kế hoạch cụ thể.
Câu 20: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Steve Jobs, same outfit, couldn’t afford
- Vị trí: Paragraph C
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói Steve Jobs mặc trang phục giống nhau để giảm quyết định, không phải vì không đủ tiền. Đây là thông tin mâu thuẫn với câu hỏi.
Câu 21: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: internal satisfaction, last longer than external rewards
- Vị trí: Paragraph D
- Giải thích: “Research consistently shows that behaviours driven by intrinsic motivation are more likely to be maintained over time” – nghiên cứu cho thấy hành vi được thúc đẩy bởi động lực nội tại có khả năng duy trì lâu hơn.
Câu 24: implementation intentions
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: specific “if-then” plans
- Vị trí: Paragraph A
- Giải thích: Đoạn A giải thích về implementation intentions là các kế hoạch cụ thể sử dụng format “if-then”.
Câu 25: habit stacking
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: attaching new habits to existing ones
- Vị trí: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: “The principle of habit stacking… attaching a new habit to an existing one” – nguyên tắc habit stacking là gắn thói quen mới vào thói quen cũ.
Câu 26: keystone habits
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: habits that trigger multiple other positive behaviours
- Vị trí: Paragraph E
- Giải thích: “Keystone habits are behaviours that trigger a cascade of other positive behaviours” – keystone habits là những hành vi kích hoạt chuỗi các hành vi tích cực khác.
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
- Vị trí: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
- Giải thích: Bài viết mô tả SCN là “the brain’s master circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamus” – bộ nhịp điều hòa chính của chu kỳ sinh học não bộ.
Câu 28: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: cortisol awakening response, peaks
- Vị trí: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “A sharp increase in cortisol levels that typically peaks 30-45 minutes post-awakening” – sự tăng đột ngột cortisol đạt đỉnh 30-45 phút sau khi thức dậy.
Câu 29: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: MIT, habit circuits
- Vị trí: Đoạn 3, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “Graybiel and colleagues at MIT have elucidated the role of neuronal ensembles called ‘habit circuits’ that develop in the dorsolateral striatum” – các mạch thói quen phát triển trong dorsolateral striatum.
Câu 30: D
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: optimal time, consume caffeine
- Vị trí: Đoạn 6, dòng cuối
- Giải thích: “Research suggests that delaying caffeine consumption by 90-120 minutes post-awakening may optimise both natural cortisol rhythms and caffeine’s alertness-promoting effects” – trì hoãn 90-120 phút.
Câu 31: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: serotonin, produced in gut
- Vị trí: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Produces significant quantities of neurotransmitters, including 90% of the body’s serotonin” – sản xuất 90% serotonin của cơ thể.
Câu 32: C (Wilhelm and colleagues)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
- Vị trí: Đoạn 2, dòng cuối
- Giải thích: “Research by Wilhelm and colleagues… has demonstrated that the magnitude and timing of the CAR can be modulated by consistent morning behaviours, suggesting that routines can literally reprogram our stress response systems.”
Câu 33: F (Graybiel and colleagues)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
- Vị trí: Đoạn 3, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “Graybiel and colleagues at MIT have elucidated the role of neuronal ensembles called ‘habit circuits’ that develop in the dorsolateral striatum, creating what they term ‘chunked’ behavioural sequences.”
Câu 34: E (Schultz)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
- Vị trí: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “Schultz’s influential work on reward prediction error has shown that dopamine neurons respond most strongly to unexpected rewards.”
Câu 37: social jetlag
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer
- Từ khóa: misalignment, internal rhythms, external demands
- Vị trí: Đoạn 9, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “Misalignment between internal rhythms and external demands – termed ‘social jetlag'” – sự lệch pha được gọi là social jetlag.
Câu 38: brain-derived neurotrophic factor / BDNF
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer
- Từ khóa: protein, supports neuron survival, encourages growth
- Vị trí: Đoạn 8, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new neurons.”
Câu 39: prescriptive, one-size-fits-all / one-size-fits-all
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer
- Từ khóa: approach, neurobiologically untenable
- Vị trí: Đoạn 10, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: “Individual differences… suggest that prescriptive, one-size-fits-all approaches to morning routines are neurobiologically untenable.”
Câu 40: enteric nervous system
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer
- Từ khóa: 500 million neurons, second brain
- Vị trí: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: “The enteric nervous system, often called the ‘second brain’, contains approximately 500 million neurons.”
5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| validate | v | /ˈvælɪdeɪt/ | Xác nhận, chứng thực | Recent research has begun to validate these practices | validate a theory/claim |
| circadian rhythm | n | /sɜːˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm/ | Nhịp sinh học 24 giờ | The human body operates on a circadian rhythm | maintain/disrupt circadian rhythm |
| suppress | v | /səˈpres/ | Ức chế, kìm nén | Suppress the production of melatonin | suppress appetite/emotions |
| profound impact | n | /prəˈfaʊnd ˈɪmpækt/ | Tác động sâu sắc | Can have such a profound impact on our mental state | have/make a profound impact |
| hydration | n | /haɪˈdreɪʃn/ | Sự cung cấp nước | Hydration is one of the simplest morning habits | proper/adequate hydration |
| kickstart | v | /ˈkɪkstɑːt/ | Khởi động, bắt đầu | Helps to kickstart our metabolism | kickstart the day/process |
| endorphins | n | /enˈdɔːfɪnz/ | Chất endorphin (hormone hạnh phúc) | Triggers the release of endorphins | release/produce endorphins |
| concentration | n | /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ | Sự tập trung | Improve focus and concentration | improve/maintain concentration |
| mindfulness practice | n | /ˈmaɪndfəlnəs ˈpræktɪs/ | Thực hành chánh niệm | Incorporate some form of mindfulness practice | daily/regular mindfulness practice |
| emotional regulation | n | /ɪˈməʊʃənl ˌregjuˈleɪʃn/ | Điều chỉnh cảm xúc | Regions associated with emotional regulation | improve emotional regulation |
| sustained energy | n | /səˈsteɪnd ˈenədʒi/ | Năng lượng bền vững | Provides sustained energy | provide/maintain sustained energy |
| contrast hydrotherapy | n | /ˈkɒntrɑːst ˌhaɪdrəʊˈθerəpi/ | Liệu pháp nước tương phản | Known as contrast hydrotherapy | use/practice contrast hydrotherapy |
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nuanced | adj | /ˈnjuːɑːnst/ | Tinh tế, có nhiều sắc thái | The effectiveness is far more nuanced | nuanced approach/understanding |
| implementation intentions | n | /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn ɪnˈtenʃnz/ | Ý định thực hiện cụ thể | The concept of implementation intentions | form/create implementation intentions |
| situational cues | n | /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃənl kjuːz/ | Tín hiệu tình huống | Link situational cues with behaviours | respond to situational cues |
| cognitive load | n | /ˈkɒɡnətɪv ləʊd/ | Tải trọng nhận thức | Requires less cognitive load | reduce/manage cognitive load |
| decision fatigue | n | /dɪˈsɪʒn fəˈtiːɡ/ | Mệt mỏi vì quyết định | The concept of decision fatigue | experience/reduce decision fatigue |
| finite resource | n | /ˈfaɪnaɪt ˈriːsɔːs/ | Nguồn lực hữu hạn | Capacity for decisions is a finite resource | manage/conserve finite resources |
| intrinsic motivation | n | /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ | Động lực nội tại | Comes from intrinsic motivation | develop/maintain intrinsic motivation |
| extrinsic motivation | n | /ekˈstrɪnsɪk ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ | Động lực bên ngoài | Stems from extrinsic motivation | rely on extrinsic motivation |
| keystone habits | n | /ˈkiːstəʊn ˈhæbɪts/ | Thói quen chủ chốt | The concept of keystone habits | identify/develop keystone habits |
| ripple effect | n | /ˈrɪpl ɪˈfekt/ | Hiệu ứng lan tỏa | Create a ripple effect throughout your life | have/create a ripple effect |
| chronotype | n | /ˈkrɒnətaɪp/ | Kiểu sinh học thời gian | People have different chronotypes | determine/identify your chronotype |
| psychological flexibility | n | /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ | Tính linh hoạt tâm lý | The concept of psychological flexibility | develop/maintain psychological flexibility |
| accountability | n | /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ | Trách nhiệm giải trình | Social support and accountability mechanisms | create/establish accountability |
| adherence | n | /ədˈhɪərəns/ | Sự tuân thủ | Increases the likelihood of adherence | improve/maintain adherence |
| iterative improvements | n | /ˈɪtərətɪv ɪmˈpruːvmənts/ | Cải tiến lặp đi lặp lại | Allows for iterative improvements | make/implement iterative improvements |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| catalyse | v | /ˈkætəlaɪz/ | Xúc tác, thúc đẩy | Has catalysed a convergence of research | catalyse change/reaction |
| neuroimaging | n | /ˌnjʊərəʊˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ/ | Chụp ảnh thần kinh | Evidence from neuroimaging studies | neuroimaging techniques/studies |
| underpin | v | /ˌʌndəˈpɪn/ | Hỗ trợ, làm nền tảng | Neurobiological mechanisms that underpin their efficacy | underpin a theory/argument |
| anecdotal | adj | /ˌænɪkˈdəʊtl/ | Giai thoại, không chính thức | Validates the anecdotal evidence | anecdotal evidence/reports |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | n | /ˌsuːprəkaɪæzˈmætɪk ˈnjuːkliəs/ | Nhân trên chéo (trong não) | The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| hypothalamus | n | /ˌhaɪpəˈθæləməs/ | Vùng dưới đồi (trong não) | Located in the hypothalamus | functions of the hypothalamus |
| orchestrate | v | /ˈɔːkɪstreɪt/ | Điều phối, sắp xếp | The SCN orchestrates physiological processes | orchestrate a response/process |
| glucocorticoid | n | /ˌɡluːkəʊˈkɔːtɪkɔɪd/ | Glucocorticoid (hormone) | This glucocorticoid surge | release/produce glucocorticoids |
| hippocampal | adj | /ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəl/ | Thuộc hồi hải mã | Enhances hippocampal function | hippocampal neurons/formation |
| prefrontal cortex | n | /ˌpriːˈfrʌntl ˈkɔːteks/ | Vỏ não trước trán | Primes the prefrontal cortex | activity in the prefrontal cortex |
| neuroplastic | adj | /ˌnjʊərəʊˈplæstɪk/ | Có tính dẻo thần kinh | The neuroplastic implications | neuroplastic changes/effects |
| basal ganglia | n | /ˈbeɪsl ˈɡæŋɡliə/ | Hạch nền (trong não) | Changes in the basal ganglia | located in the basal ganglia |
| striatum | n | /straɪˈeɪtəm/ | Thể vân (trong não) | Particularly the striatum | dorsal/ventral striatum |
| automaticity | n | /ˌɔːtəməˈtɪsəti/ | Tính tự động | Crucial for automaticity | achieve/develop automaticity |
| dopaminergic | adj | /ˌdəʊpəmɪˈnɜːdʒɪk/ | Liên quan dopamine | Dopaminergic pathways | dopaminergic neurons/system |
| nucleus accumbens | n | /ˈnjuːkliəs əˈkʌmbənz/ | Nhân tích lũy (trong não) | Projecting to the nucleus accumbens | activity in nucleus accumbens |
| habituation | n | /həˌbɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ | Sự quen thuộc, thích nghi | Prevent habituation | avoid/reduce habituation |
| gut-brain axis | n | /ɡʌt breɪn ˈæksɪs/ | Trục ruột-não | The gut-brain axis | communication via gut-brain axis |
| enteric nervous system | n | /enˈterɪk ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm/ | Hệ thần kinh ruột | The enteric nervous system | functions of enteric nervous system |
| microbiome | n | /ˈmaɪkrəʊbaɪəʊm/ | Vi sinh vật đường ruột | Gut microbiome composition | healthy/diverse microbiome |
| adenosinergic | adj | /əˌdenəˈsɪnɜːdʒɪk/ | Liên quan adenosine | The adenosinergic system | adenosinergic signalling/pathways |
| allostatic load | n | /ˌæləʊˈstætɪk ləʊd/ | Tải trọng cân bằng nội môi | The allostatic load framework | reduce/increase allostatic load |
| neurogenesis | n | /ˌnjʊərəʊˈdʒenəsɪs/ | Sự sinh neuron mới | Hippocampal neurogenesis | promote/enhance neurogenesis |
| brain-derived neurotrophic factor | n | /breɪn dɪˈraɪvd ˌnjʊərəʊˈtrɒfɪk ˈfæktə/ | Yếu tố dinh dưỡng thần kinh | Increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | levels of BDNF |
| synaptic plasticity | n | /sɪˈnæptɪk plæˈstɪsəti/ | Tính dẻo synapse | Neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity | enhance synaptic plasticity |
| temporal architecture | n | /ˈtempərəl ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ | Kiến trúc thời gian | The concept of temporal architecture | design temporal architecture |
| social jetlag | n | /ˈsəʊʃl ˈdʒetlæɡ/ | Rối loạn giấc ngủ xã hội | Termed social jetlag | experience/suffer from social jetlag |
| polymorphism | n | /ˌpɒliˈmɔːfɪzəm/ | Đa hình gen | Genetic polymorphisms | identify/study polymorphisms |
| personalised circadian medicine | n | /ˈpɜːsənəlaɪzd sɜːˈkeɪdiən ˈmedsn/ | Y học chu kỳ sinh học cá nhân hóa | Work in personalised circadian medicine | develop personalised medicine |
Luyện tập IELTS Reading với chủ đề thói quen buổi sáng và chiến lược làm bài
Kết Bài
Chủ đề “How to create a morning routine” không chỉ là một chủ đề thú vị trong đời sống mà còn là một chủ đề xuất hiện thường xuyên trong IELTS Reading với nhiều góc độ tiếp cận khác nhau: khoa học, tâm lý học, và sinh học thần kinh. Việc làm quen với chủ đề này giúp bạn tích lũy vốn từ vựng phong phú về sức khỏe, lối sống, và phát triển bản thân.
Bộ đề thi mẫu này đã cung cấp cho bạn trải nghiệm hoàn chỉnh với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, bao gồm đầy đủ 40 câu hỏi với 7 dạng bài khác nhau. Passage 1 giới thiệu nền tảng khoa học cơ bản về thói quen buổi sáng, Passage 2 đi sâu vào các nguyên tắc tâm lý học trong thiết kế thói quen, và Passage 3 khám phá các cơ chế thần kinh sinh học phức tạp.
Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích đã giúp bạn hiểu rõ cách xác định thông tin trong bài đọc, nhận biết paraphrase, và áp dụng các chiến lược làm bài phù hợp với từng dạng câu hỏi. Hãy sử dụng phần từ vựng để xây dựng vốn từ học thuật của mình, đặc biệt chú ý đến các collocations và cấu trúc ngữ pháp được làm đậm trong passages.
Hãy nhớ rằng, thành công trong IELTS Reading đến từ việc luyện tập thường xuyên, phân tích kỹ đáp án, và học từ những sai lầm của mình. Chúc bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt band điểm mong muốn!
