Trong bối cảnh công nghệ ngày càng phát triển, chủ đề về các thiết bị theo dõi sức khỏe (fitness trackers) đã trở thành một trong những đề tài phổ biến trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading. Chủ đề này thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các bài thi IELTS Academic, đặc biệt là ở Passage 2 và Passage 3, với độ khó từ trung bình đến nâng cao. Việc hiểu rõ về công nghệ, sức khỏe và xu hướng tiêu dùng hiện đại sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn khi đối mặt với dạng bài này.
Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages được thiết kế theo đúng chuẩn Cambridge IELTS, bao gồm: Passage 1 với độ khó Easy (Band 5.0-6.5) giới thiệu về lịch sử và chức năng cơ bản của fitness trackers; Passage 2 với độ khó Medium (Band 6.0-7.5) phân tích các tính năng nâng cao và so sánh các sản phẩm; và Passage 3 với độ khó Hard (Band 7.0-9.0) đi sâu vào tác động xã hội và các vấn đề về quyền riêng tư dữ liệu.
Mỗi passage đi kèm với đầy đủ các dạng câu hỏi IELTS thực tế như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion, và nhiều dạng khác. Bạn cũng sẽ nhận được đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích, từ vựng quan trọng với phiên âm và ví dụ, cùng những kỹ thuật làm bài hiệu quả. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với format thi thật và nâng cao kỹ năng đọc hiểu một cách toàn diện.
Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm, và tổng điểm sẽ được quy đổi thành band score từ 0-9. Điểm đặc biệt của phần thi này là không có thời gian chuyển đáp án – bạn phải viết đáp án trực tiếp vào phiếu trả lời trong 60 phút.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó thấp nhất, nên hoàn thành nhanh)
- Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó trung bình, cần thời gian suy luận)
- Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó cao nhất, cần phân tích kỹ)
Tuy nhiên, thời gian này chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo. Nếu bạn cảm thấy một passage nào đó khó, hãy linh hoạt chuyển sang passage khác và quay lại sau.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các lựa chọn A, B, C, D
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hoặc không được đề cập
- Matching Information – Nối thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
- Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu với từ trong bài đọc
- Matching Headings – Chọn tiêu đề phù hợp cho mỗi đoạn
- Summary Completion – Điền từ vào tóm tắt
- Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn
Tương tự như How digital platforms are influencing consumer choices, chủ đề về công nghệ tiêu dùng luôn đòi hỏi khả năng phân tích và so sánh thông tin từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau.
IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Evolution of Fitness Tracking Technology
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
The journey of fitness tracking began much earlier than most people realize. While modern wearable devices seem like a recent invention, the concept of monitoring physical activity dates back to the 1960s. The first pedometer, a simple mechanical device that counted steps, was invented in Japan and quickly became popular among walkers who wanted to track their daily movement. This basic tool used a mechanical mechanism that detected body motion, and despite its simplicity, it provided valuable data about a person’s activity level.
The real revolution in fitness tracking came in the early 2000s when digital technology merged with health monitoring. Companies began developing devices that could do more than just count steps. These new gadgets could measure heart rate, calculate calories burned, and even monitor sleep patterns. The Fitbit, launched in 2009, became one of the first commercially successful fitness trackers. It was small enough to clip onto clothing and could synchronize data with a computer, allowing users to track their progress over time through graphs and charts.
Modern fitness trackers have evolved into sophisticated pieces of technology. Today’s devices use advanced sensors including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and optical heart rate monitors. An accelerometer measures the acceleration of movement in three dimensions, helping the device understand whether you’re walking, running, or climbing stairs. Gyroscopes detect rotation and orientation, making activity tracking more accurate. The optical heart rate monitor uses LED lights that shine through the skin to measure blood flow, providing continuous heart rate data without the need for a chest strap.
The connectivity features of modern trackers have transformed them from simple counting devices into comprehensive health management tools. Most fitness trackers now connect to smartphones via Bluetooth technology, allowing users to receive notifications, control music, and even make contactless payments. The accompanying mobile applications provide detailed analysis of activity patterns, sleep quality, and overall health trends. Many apps also include social features that let users compete with friends, join challenges, and share achievements, which research shows can significantly increase motivation and adherence to fitness goals.
Battery life has been a crucial factor in the development of fitness trackers. Early models required charging every few days, which many users found inconvenient. Manufacturers have made significant improvements, with some current devices lasting up to two weeks on a single charge. This extended battery life is achieved through more efficient processors, optimized software, and larger battery capacities. Some premium models even feature solar charging panels that can extend battery life indefinitely in sunny conditions.
The accuracy of fitness trackers has been a subject of considerable debate. While these devices are generally reliable for counting steps and estimating activity levels, studies have shown that their accuracy can vary significantly depending on the type of activity and how the device is worn. For example, most trackers are very accurate at counting steps during walking or running but may struggle with activities like cycling or swimming. Heart rate measurements are typically accurate during rest and moderate exercise but can become less reliable during high-intensity workouts. Despite these limitations, fitness trackers provide valuable data that can help users understand their activity patterns and make informed decisions about their health.
Waterproof capabilities have become an essential feature as users demand devices that can withstand various conditions. Early fitness trackers were only splash-resistant, meaning they could handle sweat or light rain but not swimming or showering. Modern devices often carry ratings like IP68 or 5 ATM, indicating they can be submerged in water for extended periods. This advancement has made fitness trackers suitable for swimmers and triathletes who need to track their performance across multiple sports.
The price range of fitness trackers varies enormously, from basic models costing under $30 to premium smartwatches exceeding $1,000. Budget trackers typically offer essential features like step counting, basic sleep tracking, and simple heart rate monitoring. Mid-range devices, usually priced between $100 and $300, add features like GPS tracking, advanced sleep analysis, and workout detection. Premium models include additional sensors, longer battery life, larger displays, and integration with other health monitoring systems. This variety ensures there’s a suitable option for almost every budget and need.
Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
-
According to the passage, the first pedometer was
A. invented in America in the 1960s
B. created in Japan and used a mechanical system
C. designed primarily for professional athletes
D. capable of measuring heart rate -
What made the Fitbit successful when it was launched in 2009?
A. It was the first device to count steps
B. It could measure blood pressure accurately
C. It was small and could sync data with computers
D. It had solar charging capabilities -
Modern fitness trackers use LED lights to
A. display notifications from smartphones
B. illuminate the screen in dark conditions
C. measure blood flow through the skin
D. detect body movement and rotation -
According to the passage, what is one limitation of fitness tracker accuracy?
A. They cannot count steps during walking
B. They are unreliable during all types of exercise
C. They may be less accurate during high-intensity workouts
D. They cannot measure heart rate at rest -
The IP68 rating on a fitness tracker indicates
A. the device has a long battery life
B. it can be submerged in water for extended periods
C. it contains an advanced GPS system
D. the screen size is larger than average
Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the information in the passage? Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
- Social features in fitness tracking apps can help increase user motivation.
- All modern fitness trackers have battery life of at least two weeks.
- Fitness trackers are more accurate at counting steps than measuring heart rate during intense exercise.
- Premium fitness trackers are always more accurate than budget models.
Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
- An __ measures movement in three dimensions to help fitness trackers distinguish between different activities.
- Most modern fitness trackers connect to phones using __ technology.
- Early fitness trackers could only handle sweat or rain because they were merely __.
- Mid-range fitness trackers typically cost between $100 and __.
PASSAGE 2 – Choosing the Right Fitness Tracker: Features That Matter
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
The proliferation of fitness trackers in the consumer market has created a paradox of choice for potential buyers. With hundreds of models available, each boasting different features and capabilities, selecting the appropriate device requires careful consideration of personal needs, lifestyle factors, and intended use cases. Understanding the fundamental distinctions between basic activity trackers, advanced fitness watches, and hybrid smartwatches is essential for making an informed purchasing decision.
Display technology represents one of the most visible differences among fitness trackers. Traditional fitness bands often feature small, monochrome OLED displays that show basic information and conserve battery power. More advanced models incorporate full-color AMOLED screens with touchscreen functionality, enabling intuitive navigation and rich visual feedback. However, this enhanced display comes at the cost of battery longevity. Some manufacturers have introduced transflective displays that remain visible in direct sunlight and consume minimal power, though they typically offer less vibrant colors. The choice between these technologies involves trade-offs between visibility, battery life, and aesthetic appeal. For athletes who train outdoors, sunlight readability may trump color richness, while fashion-conscious users might prioritize a vibrant, always-on display.
The integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has become increasingly sophisticated. Early fitness devices relied on connected GPS, using a paired smartphone’s location services, which drained phone batteries and required users to carry their phones during workouts. Modern trackers often include built-in GPS modules, enabling standalone tracking of routes, pace, and distance without a phone. The most advanced models now support multiple satellite navigation systems including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, providing faster signal acquisition and improved accuracy in challenging environments like dense urban areas or forested trails. Some premium devices even offer multi-band GPS technology, which receives signals on multiple frequencies, dramatically improving positional accuracy to within a few meters.
Máy theo dõi sức khỏe đeo tay hiện đại với màn hình AMOLED và tính năng GPS tích hợp giúp người dùng theo dõi tập luyện
Heart rate monitoring has evolved from a nice-to-have feature to a fundamental component of fitness tracking. While optical sensors on the wrist provide convenience, their accuracy can be compromised by factors such as skin tone, tattoos, wrist bone structure, and the tightness of the band. Research has demonstrated that chest strap monitors, which detect electrical signals from the heart, remain the gold standard for accuracy, particularly during anaerobic training or interval workouts. Consequently, serious athletes often opt for devices that support external heart rate monitor pairing via ANT+ protocol, allowing them to use chest straps for precision data during intense training while enjoying the convenience of wrist-based monitoring for daily wear.
Sleep tracking capabilities vary dramatically across devices and represent an area where technological sophistication differs markedly. Basic trackers use movement sensors to estimate sleep duration and distinguish between light and deep sleep phases. Advanced models incorporate additional sensors including heart rate variability, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring to provide more nuanced sleep analysis. Some premium trackers can even detect sleep apnea episodes or other respiratory irregularities during the night. The actionable value of this data depends largely on the accompanying software’s ability to translate raw measurements into meaningful insights and practical recommendations for improving sleep quality.
The concept of training load and recovery metrics has gained prominence among fitness tracker features. These sophisticated algorithms analyze multiple data points including workout intensity, duration, heart rate variability, sleep quality, and stress levels to assess whether an individual is training optimally or risking overtraining syndrome. Some systems provide a recovery score each morning, advising users whether to push hard or take it easy. While these metrics can be valuable tools for optimizing training, critics argue they may encourage obsessive behavior or create anxiety about rest days. The algorithms behind these features are often proprietary and based on general population data, meaning they may not account for individual physiological variations.
Ecosystem compatibility has emerged as a crucial consideration that extends beyond the device itself. Fitness trackers exist within broader technological ecosystems, and their utility depends partly on integration with other platforms and services. Apple Watch users benefit from seamless integration with iPhones and the broader Apple ecosystem, while Garmin devices excel at connecting with third-party fitness platforms like Strava, TrainingPeaks, and Zwift. Some trackers export data in open formats that work with multiple platforms, offering flexibility for users who want to analyze their data across different services. Additionally, compatibility with smart home devices, music streaming services, and contactless payment systems can significantly enhance the practical utility of a fitness tracker in daily life.
The durability and build quality of fitness trackers deserve careful evaluation, particularly for users engaged in rigorous activities. While many devices claim military-grade durability with MIL-STD-810 certification, real-world resilience can vary. Factors such as scratch-resistant glass (often sapphire crystal on premium models versus Gorilla Glass on mid-range devices), titanium or stainless steel bezels, and reinforced bands all contribute to longevity. For outdoor enthusiasts, additional considerations include operating temperature ranges, altitude sensors for hiking, and barometric altimeters for climbing activities.
Questions 14-18: Matching Headings
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below.
List of Headings:
i. The importance of device durability for active users
ii. Screen options and their respective advantages
iii. Integration with broader technology systems
iv. Advanced sleep analysis features and their benefits
v. Location tracking technology improvements
vi. Monitoring heart rate with different methods
vii. Understanding training optimization tools
viii. The challenge of selecting from many options
- Paragraph B __
- Paragraph C __
- Paragraph D __
- Paragraph E __
- Paragraph F __
Questions 19-23: Summary Completion
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Modern fitness trackers offer various display technologies. While basic models use (19) __ displays that save battery, advanced versions feature colorful AMOLED screens. Some manufacturers use (20) __ that work well in sunlight but have less vivid colors. GPS technology has also improved, with many devices now having (21) __ GPS instead of relying on smartphones. The most sophisticated models support multiple (22) __ systems for better accuracy. For heart rate monitoring, (23) __ monitors remain the most accurate option, especially during intense exercise.
Questions 24-26: Yes/No/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage? Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
- Training load and recovery metrics are universally beneficial for all fitness tracker users.
- The accuracy of optical heart rate sensors can be affected by tattoos on the wrist.
- Fitness trackers with sapphire crystal screens are always more expensive than those with Gorilla Glass.
PASSAGE 3 – The Societal Impact and Privacy Implications of Ubiquitous Fitness Tracking
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The pervasive adoption of fitness tracking technology has catalyzed a fundamental transformation in how individuals conceptualize, monitor, and manage their health and physical activity. This phenomenon, often characterized as the quantified self movement, represents a paradigm shift wherein personal health metrics, once exclusively within the domain of medical professionals, have become democratized through consumer technology. However, this democratization has engendered a complex array of societal implications that extend far beyond the ostensible benefits of increased health awareness, raising profound questions about data privacy, behavioral modification, socioeconomic disparities, and the evolving relationship between individuals, technology companies, and healthcare institutions.
The psychological ramifications of continuous self-monitoring through fitness trackers constitute a particularly nuanced area of scholarly inquiry. Proponents of these devices cite compelling evidence that objective feedback loops can enhance intrinsic motivation and facilitate the formation of sustained healthy behaviors through a process known as behavioral reinforcement. The gamification elements embedded in most fitness tracking platforms—including achievement badges, streak maintenance, and social competition—leverage well-established principles of operant conditioning to encourage consistent engagement. Research published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research has documented statistically significant increases in physical activity levels among fitness tracker users, with some studies reporting an average increase of approximately 2,000 steps per day.
Conversely, a growing body of literature has illuminated the potential for fitness trackers to engender maladaptive psychological patterns. The phenomenon of orthosomnia—an unhealthy obsession with achieving perfect sleep as measured by tracking devices—exemplifies how the pursuit of optimal metrics can paradoxically undermine the very health outcomes users seek to improve. Similarly, researchers have identified correlations between fitness tracker usage and the exacerbation of exercise addiction and disordered eating behaviors, particularly among individuals with pre-existing vulnerabilities. The constant quantification of bodily functions may foster a reductionist perspective wherein health becomes conflated with numerical targets, potentially obscuring more holistic understandings of wellbeing that encompass mental health, social connections, and life satisfaction.
The data privacy landscape surrounding fitness trackers presents extraordinarily complex challenges that implicate individual rights, corporate practices, and regulatory frameworks. These devices continuously collect extraordinarily granular data—not merely step counts, but GPS coordinates, temporal patterns of activity, heart rate variability, sleep architecture, and increasingly, blood oxygen levels and electrocardiogram readings. This information, when aggregated and analyzed through sophisticated machine learning algorithms, can reveal remarkably intimate details about an individual’s lifestyle, health conditions, and even precise daily movements. The 2018 revelation that heat maps generated from aggregate Strava data had inadvertently disclosed the locations and patrol patterns of military personnel in sensitive areas starkly illustrated the security implications of seemingly innocuous fitness data.
The legal and regulatory ambiguity governing fitness tracker data remains profoundly inadequate to address the complexities of this technological landscape. In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) specifically excludes consumer wellness devices from its purview, meaning fitness tracker data lacks the protections afforded to medical records. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) offers more robust protections, classifying health data as a special category requiring explicit consent, yet enforcement mechanisms remain inconsistent. Furthermore, the terms of service agreements that users typically accept without scrutiny often grant fitness tracking companies extraordinarily broad rights to utilize, aggregate, and commercialize user data. Companies may share anonymized data with third parties including pharmaceutical corporations, insurance companies, and research institutions, raising ethical questions about informed consent and the appropriate boundaries of data commercialization.
Biểu đồ về các mối lo ngại bảo mật dữ liệu sức khỏe từ thiết bị theo dõi fitness và GDPR
The deployment of fitness trackers within corporate wellness programs and insurance incentive schemes introduces additional ethical dimensions that warrant critical examination. An increasing number of employers offer subsidized or complimentary fitness trackers to employees, often coupled with incentives for achieving activity targets or disincentives for failure to participate. While ostensibly voluntary, scholars have questioned whether such programs constitute coercive health surveillance, particularly for employees who may feel implicit pressure to participate to demonstrate organizational commitment or avoid being perceived as less health-conscious than colleagues. The potential for this data to influence employment decisions, despite legal prohibitions, remains a tangible concern given the documented difficulties in detecting algorithmic bias and establishing causation in discrimination cases.
Insurance companies have begun experimenting with actuarial models that incorporate fitness tracker data to assess risk and determine premiums, a practice that proponents argue could reward healthy behaviors while critics contend may exacerbate existing inequities. This approach presupposes that physical activity levels are primarily matters of individual choice rather than being substantially constrained by structural determinants of health including socioeconomic status, neighborhood walkability, occupational demands, and access to recreational facilities. Individuals working multiple jobs with unpredictable schedules, living in areas lacking safe pedestrian infrastructure, or managing chronic conditions that limit mobility face systematic disadvantages in activity-based incentive systems. Consequently, what appears as a meritocratic reward system may in practice function as a mechanism that compounds socioeconomic disparities by providing additional benefits to already-privileged populations while penalizing those facing structural barriers to physical activity.
The epistemological question of what fitness trackers actually measure, and whether these measurements constitute valid proxies for health, deserves philosophical scrutiny. These devices excel at quantifying specific, easily measurable parameters—steps, heart rate, distance—while remaining fundamentally incapable of capturing numerous dimensions of health and fitness. They cannot assess functional movement patterns, muscular strength, flexibility, cardiovascular efficiency beyond crude heart rate metrics, or metabolic health markers. The emphasis on step counts, while simple and motivating, may inadvertently devalue other forms of beneficial activity including resistance training, yoga, swimming, or cycling that do not register prominently in step-based metrics. This measurement bias potentially distorts both individual behavior and public health discourse, privileging those aspects of fitness amenable to sensor detection while marginalizing equally important components of wellbeing.
Moreover, the integration of fitness tracking data into medical contexts raises important questions about the clinical validity and interpretability of consumer-generated health data. While some physicians welcome patient-generated data as providing valuable insights into daily patterns beyond the artificial environment of clinical visits, others express concern about the reliability of consumer devices and the challenge of interpreting large volumes of data lacking proper contextualization. The phenomenon of patients presenting with anxiety about irregular heart rate readings that prove to be either normal variations or device artifacts illustrates the potential for consumer health technology to generate unnecessary medical interventions and healthcare costs—a phenomenon sometimes termed the worried well effect.
Looking forward, the trajectory of fitness tracking technology appears poised to become increasingly sophisticated and integrated into broader healthcare ecosystems. Emerging developments including continuous glucose monitoring for non-diabetic individuals, blood pressure tracking through optical sensors, and even non-invasive blood analysis promise to transform fitness trackers into comprehensive health monitoring platforms. This evolution will inevitably intensify the ethical, privacy, and social equity concerns already apparent in current implementations. Navigating this landscape will require robust regulatory frameworks, transparent corporate practices, critical consumer awareness, and ongoing scholarly attention to ensure that the quantified self movement ultimately serves to enhance rather than undermine individual and collective wellbeing.
Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
-
According to the passage, the quantified self movement has resulted in
A. medical professionals losing control over health data
B. health metrics becoming accessible to ordinary consumers
C. decreased awareness of personal health issues
D. simplified relationships between patients and doctors -
The term “orthosomnia” refers to
A. a sleep disorder caused by electronic devices
B. an excessive preoccupation with achieving perfect sleep metrics
C. a condition that improves sleep quality
D. a medical treatment involving sleep tracking -
The Strava heat map incident demonstrated that
A. military personnel use fitness trackers regularly
B. aggregate fitness data can have security consequences
C. GPS tracking is inaccurate in military zones
D. fitness companies deliberately share data with governments -
Why does HIPAA not protect fitness tracker data in the United States?
A. Fitness trackers are too new for existing legislation
B. Companies refuse to comply with HIPAA regulations
C. Consumer wellness devices are excluded from HIPAA coverage
D. Users can opt out of HIPAA protection -
The passage suggests that activity-based insurance incentive systems may
A. benefit all users equally regardless of background
B. worsen existing socioeconomic inequalities
C. eliminate health disparities through rewards
D. accurately reflect individual health choices
Questions 32-36: Matching Features
Match each concern (32-36) with the correct stakeholder group (A-F). You may use any letter more than once.
Stakeholder Groups:
A. Technology companies
B. Medical professionals
C. Insurance companies
D. Employers
E. Individual users
F. Regulatory authorities
- Difficulty interpreting large volumes of consumer health data in clinical settings __
- Potential for using data to discriminate despite legal prohibitions __
- Risk of developing obsessive behaviors related to tracking metrics __
- Broad rights to commercialize user data through terms of service __
- Need to develop adequate legal frameworks for health data protection __
Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions
Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
- What type of conditioning do gamification elements in fitness apps utilize?
- What does the passage call the phenomenon of patients worrying unnecessarily about normal variations detected by consumer devices?
- What aspect of health can fitness trackers NOT measure despite tracking heart rate?
- What are the three emerging technologies mentioned that will make trackers more sophisticated?
Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- B
- C
- C
- C
- B
- TRUE
- FALSE
- NOT GIVEN
- NOT GIVEN
- accelerometer
- Bluetooth
- splash-resistant
- $300
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- ii
- v
- vi
- iv
- vii
- monochrome OLED
- transflective displays
- built-in
- satellite navigation
- chest strap
- NO
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- B
- B
- B
- C
- B
- B
- D
- E
- A
- F
- operant conditioning
- worried well effect
- cardiovascular efficiency (hoặc metabolic health)
- continuous glucose monitoring (chấp nhận bất kỳ 1 trong 3 công nghệ được liệt kê)
Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: first pedometer, invented
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn A, dòng 3-5
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “The first pedometer, a simple mechanical device that counted steps, was invented in Japan” – phát minh tại Nhật Bản và sử dụng cơ chế mechanical. Đáp án A sai vì không phải ở Mỹ, C và D không được đề cập.
Câu 2: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Fitbit, successful, 2009
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: “It was small enough to clip onto clothing and could synchronize data with a computer” – đây là lý do thành công. Paraphrase: “small” = compact size, “sync data” = transfer information to computer.
Câu 3: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: LED lights, modern fitness trackers
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 7-9
- Giải thích: “The optical heart rate monitor uses LED lights that shine through the skin to measure blood flow” – LED được dùng để đo lưu lượng máu qua da.
Câu 4: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: limitation, accuracy
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn F, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: “Heart rate measurements are typically accurate during rest and moderate exercise but can become less reliable during high-intensity workouts” – ít chính xác hơn trong tập luyện cường độ cao.
Câu 6: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: social features, motivation
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “Many apps also include social features that let users compete with friends…which research shows can significantly increase motivation” – nghiên cứu cho thấy các tính năng xã hội tăng động lực.
Câu 7: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: battery life, two weeks
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn E, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “some current devices lasting up to two weeks” – CHỈ MỘT SỐ thiết bị, không phải tất cả, do đó FALSE.
Câu 10: accelerometer
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: measures movement, three dimensions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “An accelerometer measures the acceleration of movement in three dimensions” – chính xác từ trong bài.
Câu 11: Bluetooth
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: connect to smartphones
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Most fitness trackers now connect to smartphones via Bluetooth technology” – công nghệ kết nối là Bluetooth.
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: ii
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Đoạn: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: Đoạn này nói về “Display technology” và các loại màn hình khác nhau (monochrome OLED, AMOLED, transflective) cùng ưu nhược điểm của từng loại – khớp với heading “Screen options and their respective advantages”.
Câu 15: v
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Đoạn: Paragraph C
- Giải thích: Đoạn tập trung vào “GPS technology” và sự phát triển từ connected GPS đến built-in GPS và multi-band GPS – heading “Location tracking technology improvements” phù hợp nhất.
Câu 16: vi
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Đoạn: Paragraph D
- Giải thích: Đoạn so sánh các phương pháp đo nhịp tim khác nhau: optical sensors (cảm biến quang học trên cổ tay) và chest strap monitors (dây đeo ngực) – heading “Monitoring heart rate with different methods”.
Câu 19: monochrome OLED
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: basic models, displays, save battery
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “Traditional fitness bands often feature small, monochrome OLED displays that show basic information and conserve battery power” – chính xác hai từ trong giới hạn.
Câu 20: transflective displays
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: work well in sunlight, less vivid colors
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B, dòng 5-6
- Giải thích: “Some manufacturers have introduced transflective displays that remain visible in direct sunlight…though they typically offer less vibrant colors” – hoàn toàn khớp với thông tin trong summary.
Câu 25: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: optical heart rate sensors, accuracy, tattoos
- Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph D, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “their accuracy can be compromised by factors such as skin tone, tattoos, wrist bone structure” – tác giả nêu rõ tattoos ảnh hưởng đến độ chính xác, do đó YES.
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: quantified self movement, resulted in
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn A, dòng 2-4
- Giải thích: “personal health metrics, once exclusively within the domain of medical professionals, have become democratized through consumer technology” – paraphrase của “health metrics becoming accessible to ordinary consumers”.
Câu 28: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: orthosomnia
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn C, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: “orthosomnia—an unhealthy obsession with achieving perfect sleep as measured by tracking devices” – định nghĩa chính xác trong bài.
Câu 29: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Strava heat map incident
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn D, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “heat maps generated from aggregate Strava data had inadvertently disclosed the locations and patrol patterns of military personnel…illustrated the security implications” – dữ liệu tổng hợp có hệ quả an ninh.
Câu 30: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: HIPAA, not protect, United States
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn E, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: “HIPAA specifically excludes consumer wellness devices from its purview” – thiết bị wellness của người tiêu dùng bị loại trừ khỏi phạm vi của HIPAA.
Câu 31: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: activity-based insurance incentive systems
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn G, dòng 7-10
- Giải thích: “what appears as a meritocratic reward system may in practice function as a mechanism that compounds socioeconomic disparities” – làm trầm trọng thêm bất bình đẳng kinh tế xã hội.
Câu 32: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
- Từ khóa: difficulty interpreting, consumer health data, clinical settings
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn I, dòng 2-4
- Giải thích: “others [physicians] express concern about the reliability of consumer devices and the challenge of interpreting large volumes of data” – các bác sĩ (medical professionals) gặp khó khăn trong việc diễn giải dữ liệu.
Câu 37: operant conditioning
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: gamification elements, utilize
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: “leverage well-established principles of operant conditioning to encourage consistent engagement” – chính xác hai từ trong giới hạn ba từ.
Câu 38: worried well effect
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: patients worrying unnecessarily, normal variations
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn I, dòng 5-7
- Giải thích: “a phenomenon sometimes termed the worried well effect” – tên gọi của hiện tượng này, ba từ trong giới hạn.
Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wearable | adj | /ˈwerəbl/ | có thể đeo được | wearable devices | wearable technology, wearable gadget |
| pedometer | n | /pɪˈdɒmɪtə(r)/ | máy đếm bước chân | the first pedometer | digital pedometer, accurate pedometer |
| synchronize | v | /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz/ | đồng bộ hóa | synchronize data with a computer | synchronize automatically, synchronize wirelessly |
| accelerometer | n | /əkˌseləˈrɒmɪtə(r)/ | cảm biến gia tốc | use accelerometers | built-in accelerometer, sensitive accelerometer |
| gyroscope | n | /ˈdʒaɪrəskəʊp/ | con quay hồi chuyển | gyroscopes detect rotation | digital gyroscope, three-axis gyroscope |
| adherence | n | /ədˈhɪərəns/ | sự tuân thủ, kiên trì | adherence to fitness goals | strict adherence, improve adherence |
| commercially | adv | /kəˈmɜːʃəli/ | về mặt thương mại | commercially successful | commercially available, commercially viable |
| connectivity | n | /ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/ | khả năng kết nối | connectivity features | wireless connectivity, seamless connectivity |
| waterproof | adj | /ˈwɔːtəpruːf/ | không thấm nước | waterproof capabilities | fully waterproof, waterproof rating |
| high-intensity | adj | /haɪ ɪnˈtensəti/ | cường độ cao | high-intensity workouts | high-intensity training, high-intensity exercise |
| splash-resistant | adj | /splæʃ rɪˈzɪstənt/ | chống nước bắn | only splash-resistant | splash-resistant design, splash-resistant coating |
| GPS tracking | n phrase | /dʒiː piː es ˈtrækɪŋ/ | theo dõi GPS | advanced GPS tracking | accurate GPS tracking, real-time GPS tracking |
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proliferation | n | /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ | sự gia tăng nhanh chóng | proliferation of fitness trackers | rapid proliferation, nuclear proliferation |
| monochrome | adj | /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/ | đơn sắc | monochrome OLED displays | monochrome screen, monochrome display |
| transflective | adj | /trænsˈflektɪv/ | phản xạ xuyên qua | transflective displays | transflective screen, transflective technology |
| trade-off | n | /ˈtreɪd ɒf/ | sự đánh đổi | involves trade-offs | necessary trade-off, acceptable trade-off |
| standalone | adj | /ˈstændəˌləʊn/ | độc lập, tự hoạt động | standalone tracking | standalone device, standalone system |
| positional accuracy | n phrase | /pəˈzɪʃənl ˈækjərəsi/ | độ chính xác vị trí | improved positional accuracy | high positional accuracy, enhance positional accuracy |
| anaerobic | adj | /ˌænəˈrəʊbɪk/ | kỵ khí (không cần oxy) | during anaerobic training | anaerobic exercise, anaerobic metabolism |
| respiratory rate | n phrase | /rɪˈspɪrətri reɪt/ | nhịp thở | monitor respiratory rate | normal respiratory rate, elevated respiratory rate |
| blood oxygen saturation | n phrase | /blʌd ˈɒksɪdʒən ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn/ | độ bão hòa oxy trong máu | SpO2 monitoring | measure blood oxygen saturation, low blood oxygen saturation |
| overtraining syndrome | n phrase | /ˌəʊvəˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsɪndrəʊm/ | hội chứng tập luyện quá mức | risking overtraining syndrome | prevent overtraining syndrome, symptoms of overtraining syndrome |
| proprietary | adj | /prəˈpraɪətri/ | độc quyền | proprietary algorithms | proprietary software, proprietary technology |
| ecosystem compatibility | n phrase | /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti/ | khả năng tương thích hệ sinh thái | ecosystem compatibility | ensure ecosystem compatibility, improve ecosystem compatibility |
| third-party platforms | n phrase | /θɜːd ˈpɑːti ˈplætfɔːmz/ | nền tảng bên thứ ba | connecting with third-party platforms | integrate with third-party platforms, support third-party platforms |
| military-grade | adj | /ˈmɪlətri ɡreɪd/ | cấp quân sự | military-grade durability | military-grade protection, military-grade encryption |
| sapphire crystal | n phrase | /ˈsæfaɪə ˈkrɪstl/ | kính sapphire | sapphire crystal on premium models | scratch-resistant sapphire crystal, durable sapphire crystal |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ubiquitous | adj | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | có mặt khắp nơi | ubiquitous fitness tracking | ubiquitous technology, ubiquitous presence |
| pervasive | adj | /pəˈveɪsɪv/ | lan tràn, phổ biến | pervasive adoption | pervasive influence, pervasive technology |
| quantified self | n phrase | /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪd self/ | bản thân được định lượng | quantified self movement | quantified self data, quantified self tracking |
| paradigm shift | n phrase | /ˈpærədaɪm ʃɪft/ | sự thay đổi mô hình | represents a paradigm shift | major paradigm shift, cultural paradigm shift |
| democratized | v (past) | /dɪˈmɒkrətaɪzd/ | được dân chủ hóa | have become democratized | democratized access, democratized information |
| engender | v | /ɪnˈdʒendə(r)/ | gây ra, tạo ra | has engendered concerns | engender debate, engender trust |
| ostensible | adj | /ɒˈstensəbl/ | bề ngoài, có vẻ | ostensible benefits | ostensible purpose, ostensible reason |
| ramification | n | /ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | hệ quả, tác động | psychological ramifications | legal ramifications, serious ramifications |
| intrinsic motivation | n phrase | /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ | động lực nội tại | enhance intrinsic motivation | increase intrinsic motivation, foster intrinsic motivation |
| behavioral reinforcement | n phrase | /bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˌriːɪnˈfɔːsmənt/ | củng cố hành vi | process of behavioral reinforcement | positive behavioral reinforcement, negative behavioral reinforcement |
| operant conditioning | n phrase | /ˈɒpərənt kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ | điều kiện hóa thao tác | principles of operant conditioning | classical operant conditioning, operant conditioning techniques |
| maladaptive | adj | /ˌmæləˈdæptɪv/ | không thích nghi | maladaptive psychological patterns | maladaptive behavior, maladaptive coping |
| orthosomnia | n | /ˌɔːθəʊˈsɒmniə/ | ám ảnh về giấc ngủ hoàn hảo | phenomenon of orthosomnia | suffer from orthosomnia, orthosomnia symptoms |
| exacerbation | n | /ɪɡˌzæsəˈbeɪʃn/ | sự làm trầm trọng thêm | exacerbation of disorders | exacerbation of symptoms, prevent exacerbation |
| reductionist | adj | /rɪˈdʌkʃənɪst/ | theo chủ nghĩa giản lược | reductionist perspective | reductionist approach, reductionist view |
| granular | adj | /ˈɡrænjələ(r)/ | chi tiết, cụ thể | extraordinarily granular data | granular information, granular details |
| inadvertently | adv | /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli/ | vô tình, không chủ ý | had inadvertently disclosed | inadvertently reveal, inadvertently cause |
| actuarial | adj | /ˌæktʃuˈeəriəl/ | theo toán bảo hiểm | actuarial models | actuarial science, actuarial analysis |
| epistemological | adj | /ɪˌpɪstɪməˈlɒdʒɪkl/ | thuộc nhận thức luận | epistemological question | epistemological inquiry, epistemological perspective |
Kết Luận
Chủ đề “Best Fitness Trackers” là một trong những đề tài tiêu biểu của IELTS Reading hiện đại, kết hợp giữa công nghệ, sức khỏe và xã hội. Qua ba passages từ dễ đến khó, bạn đã được tiếp cận với đầy đủ các khía cạnh: từ lịch sử phát triển và chức năng cơ bản (Passage 1), đến việc so sánh tính năng và lựa chọn thiết bị phù hợp (Passage 2), cho tới những vấn đề sâu xa về quyền riêng tư, đạo đức và tác động xã hội (Passage 3).
Bộ đề thi này đã cung cấp đầy đủ 40 câu hỏi với 7 dạng bài khác nhau – từ Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, đến Matching Headings và Summary Completion – giúp bạn làm quen với mọi dạng câu hỏi có thể gặp trong kỳ thi thật. Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích đã chỉ ra cách paraphrase, vị trí thông tin và lý do tại sao các đáp án khác không đúng, giúp bạn hiểu sâu hơn về kỹ thuật làm bài.
Phần từ vựng được tổng hợp với hơn 40 từ quan trọng, bao gồm cả những thuật ngữ kỹ thuật như “accelerometer”, “gyroscope”, những từ học thuật như “paradigm shift”, “epistemological”, và các collocation thực dụng. Việc nắm vững những từ vựng này không chỉ giúp bạn trong phần Reading mà còn hữu ích cho Writing và Speaking khi thảo luận về chủ đề công nghệ và sức khỏe.
Hãy sử dụng bộ đề này như một công cụ luyện tập thực chiến: làm bài trong đúng 60 phút, tự chấm điểm, phân tích những câu sai và học từ vựng mới. Lặp lại quá trình này với các chủ đề khác nhau sẽ giúp bạn tăng tốc độ đọc, cải thiện khả năng scan/skim thông tin và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading.
