IELTS Speaking: Cách Trả Lời “Describe A Building In Your City You Would Like To Visit Again” – Bài Mẫu Band 6-9

Mở bài

Chủ đề “Describe A Building In Your City You Would Like To Visit Again” là một trong những đề bài kinh điển và xuất hiện với tần suất khá cao trong phần thi IELTS Speaking Part 2. Đây là dạng câu hỏi thuộc nhóm “Describe a place”, yêu cầu thí sinh kể về một công trình kiến trúc cụ thể mà họ muốn quay lại. Chủ đề này không chỉ đánh giá khả năng miêu tả địa điểm mà còn kiểm tra khả năng diễn đạt cảm xúc, trải nghiệm cá nhân và lý giải lý do một cách mạch lạc.

Theo thống kê từ các đề thi thực tế, chủ đề về buildings và architecture xuất hiện với tần suất trung bình đến cao từ năm 2020 đến 2024, đặc biệt phổ biến tại các trung tâm thi ở Việt Nam, Trung Quốc và các nước Đông Nam Á. Dự đoán khả năng xuất hiện trong tương lai vẫn ở mức cao do tính ứng dụng thực tế và khả năng mở rộng nhiều góc độ thảo luận.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được trang bị đầy đủ kiến thức để tự tin chinh phục chủ đề này với điểm số cao nhất, bao gồm: câu hỏi thường gặp trong cả 3 Part với phân tích chi tiết, bài mẫu theo từng band điểm từ 6 đến 9 với những điểm nhấn cụ thể, kho từ vựng và cụm từ ăn điểm được phân loại rõ ràng, chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả từ góc nhìn của một examiner giàu kinh nghiệm, cùng những lời khuyên thực tế giúp bạn tránh được những lỗi phổ biến mà học viên Việt Nam thường mắc phải.

IELTS Speaking Part 1: Introduction and Interview

Tổng Quan Về Part 1

Part 1 của IELTS Speaking kéo dài từ 4-5 phút, trong đó examiner sẽ hỏi những câu hỏi ngắn về cuộc sống hàng ngày, sở thích cá nhân và các chủ đề quen thuộc. Đây là phần khởi động giúp bạn làm quen với giọng nói của examiner và tạo ấn tượng ban đầu.

Chiến lược hiệu quả cho Part 1 là trả lời tự nhiên, mở rộng ý với 2-3 câu cho mỗi câu hỏi. Đừng chỉ trả lời Yes/No mà hãy bổ sung lý do hoặc ví dụ cụ thể. Tuy nhiên, cũng không nên nói quá dài vì examiner cần kiểm soát thời gian để hỏi đủ số lượng câu hỏi.

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam trong Part 1 bao gồm: trả lời quá ngắn gọn chỉ với Yes hoặc No mà không giải thích; sử dụng từ vựng quá đơn giản và lặp lại; thiếu ví dụ cụ thể từ kinh nghiệm bản thân; ngập ngừng quá nhiều do chưa chuẩn bị tâm lý; và có xu hướng học thuộc câu trả lời nghe không tự nhiên.

Các Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp

Dưới đây là những câu hỏi Part 1 thường xuất hiện liên quan đến chủ đề buildings và architecture:

Question 1: Do you like visiting buildings with historical significance?

Question 2: What kinds of buildings do people in your country like to live in?

Question 3: Are there many tall buildings in your hometown?

Question 4: Do you prefer modern buildings or traditional ones?

Question 5: Have you ever been to a famous building in your city?

Question 6: What’s your favorite building in your neighborhood?

Question 7: Do you think the design of a building is important?

Question 8: Would you like to live in an old building or a new one?

Question 9: Are there any interesting buildings near your school or workplace?

Question 10: Do you often take photos of buildings when you travel?

Phân Tích và Gợi Ý Trả Lời Chi Tiết

Question: Do you like visiting buildings with historical significance?

Cách tiếp cận:

• Trả lời trực tiếp có hoặc không
• Đưa ra lý do cụ thể
• Thêm ví dụ một tòa nhà lịch sử bạn từng đến

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, I do. I find historical buildings very interesting because they tell us about the past. Last year, I visited an old temple in Hanoi and learned a lot about Vietnamese culture.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Trả lời rõ ràng, có lý do và ví dụ cụ thể, câu văn đơn giản nhưng đúng ngữ pháp.
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng còn đơn giản với “very interesting”, “tell us about”, thiếu tính descriptive và emotional connection.
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Câu trả lời đáp ứng được yêu cầu cơ bản với structure logic nhưng vocabulary và grammar chưa đủ sophisticated để đạt band cao hơn.

Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Absolutely! I’m particularly drawn to buildings with historical significance because they offer a tangible connection to the past. There’s something incredibly humbling about standing in a place where significant events unfolded centuries ago. For instance, when I visited the Imperial Citadel in Hanoi, I was genuinely fascinated by how the architecture reflected the dynastic power and cultural values of ancient Vietnam.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Vocabulary tinh vi với “particularly drawn to”, “tangible connection”, “incredibly humbling”, “dynastic power”; Grammar phức tạp với relative clause; Emotional depth với “genuinely fascinated”; Specific example với Imperial Citadel.
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Fluency tự nhiên không hesitation, lexical resource đa dạng và precise, grammatical range rộng với complex structures, pronunciation rõ ràng với word stress tốt, và ideas có chiều sâu thể hiện critical thinking.

Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• be drawn to something: bị thu hút bởi điều gì đó
• tangible connection: mối liên hệ hữu hình, cụ thể
• humbling: khiến người ta cảm thấy khiêm tốn, nhỏ bé
• unfold: diễn ra, xảy ra (dùng cho sự kiện)
• dynastic power: quyền lực triều đại

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Question: What kinds of buildings do people in your country like to live in?

Cách tiếp cận:

• Miêu tả xu hướng chung
• So sánh giữa thành phố và nông thôn nếu có thể
• Đưa ra lý do cho preference đó

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Most people in Vietnam like to live in apartments, especially in big cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. Apartments are convenient and cheaper than houses. However, some people still prefer traditional houses with gardens.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Có sự so sánh giữa apartments và houses, đưa ra lý do “convenient and cheaper”, mention cả preference khác.
• Hạn chế: Vocabulary basic với “like to”, “big cities”, “cheaper”; thiếu chi tiết về tại sao apartments lại popular; grammar đơn giản.
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate communication nhưng lacks sophistication trong cả vocabulary và ideas development.

Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

It really varies depending on the location and economic status. In urban areas, there’s been a dramatic shift towards high-rise apartments due to limited land availability and soaring property prices. These residential complexes often come with modern amenities like gyms and swimming pools, which appeal to young professionals. On the other hand, in rural regions, people still gravitate towards traditional single-family homes with gardens, as they value outdoor space and community bonds. Interestingly, there’s also an emerging trend of eco-friendly housing among the environmentally conscious middle class.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Structure rõ ràng với urban/rural comparison; Vocabulary chuyên ngành với “high-rise apartments”, “residential complexes”, “modern amenities”; Grammar phức tạp với relative clauses và complex sentences; Ideas nuanced với mention về economic factors và emerging trends; Natural discourse với “It really varies”, “On the other hand”, “Interestingly”.
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Demonstrates extensive vocabulary range, uses collocation naturally, shows complex grammatical structures accurately, develops ideas with depth và considers multiple perspectives.

Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• vary depending on: thay đổi tùy thuộc vào
• dramatic shift towards: sự chuyển dịch mạnh mẽ về phía
• soaring property prices: giá bất động sản tăng vọt
• residential complex: khu dân cư, tổ hợp chung cư
• gravitate towards: có xu hướng thiên về
• environmentally conscious: có ý thức về môi trường

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Question: Do you prefer modern buildings or traditional ones?

Cách tiếp cận:

• Chọn một preference hoặc nói cả hai có appeal riêng
• Giải thích rõ lý do aesthetic hoặc functional
• Có thể đưa ra specific examples

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I prefer modern buildings because they look clean and have good facilities. Modern buildings usually have elevators and air conditioning, which make life more comfortable. But I also think traditional buildings are beautiful and interesting.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Clear preference, đưa ra lý do practical về facilities, acknowledge cả traditional buildings.
• Hạn chế: Vocabulary repetitive với “modern buildings” xuất hiện nhiều lần; adjectives basic với “clean”, “good”, “beautiful”; lacks depth in explanation.
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Communicates the main idea effectively nhưng lacks lexical variety và sophisticated reasoning.

Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

That’s a tough question because both have their unique appeal. I’d say I lean more towards modern architecture for its functional efficiency and sleek aesthetics. Contemporary buildings often incorporate sustainable design elements like solar panels and natural ventilation systems, which I find forward-thinking. That said, I have tremendous appreciation for traditional architecture – there’s an irreplaceable charm in the intricate wooden carvings and time-honored craftsmanship that you simply don’t see in modern constructions. Ideally, I love when architects manage to strike a balance, blending traditional motifs with modern functionality, like the fusion architecture you see in some boutique hotels.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Balanced answer showing appreciation cho cả hai; Sophisticated vocabulary với “sleek aesthetics”, “sustainable design elements”, “irreplaceable charm”, “intricate wooden carvings”; Complex grammar với conditional clause “when architects manage to”; Shows critical thinking với mention về fusion architecture; Natural discourse markers với “That said”, “Ideally”.
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Exhibits flexible use of language, employs less common lexical items naturally, maintains grammatical accuracy với complex structures, develops nuanced perspective acknowledging complexity of the question.

Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• unique appeal: sức hấp dẫn độc đáo
• lean towards: thiên về, có xu hướng
• sleek aesthetics: thẩm mỹ thanh lịch, hiện đại
• sustainable design elements: yếu tố thiết kế bền vững
• time-honored craftsmanship: tay nghề thủ công lâu đời
• strike a balance: đạt được sự cân bằng
• fusion architecture: kiến trúc pha trộn

Học viên đang luyện tập IELTS Speaking về chủ đề tòa nhà với giáo viên chuyên nghiệp

IELTS Speaking Part 2: Long Turn (Cue Card)

Tổng Quan Về Part 2

Part 2 là phần quan trọng nhất trong bài thi IELTS Speaking, chiếm thời gian 3-4 phút bao gồm 1 phút chuẩn bị và 2-3 phút trình bày. Đây là phần độc thoại liên tục mà bạn không bị examiner ngắt lời, cho phép bạn thể hiện khả năng diễn đạt một cách mạch lạc và tự nhiên.

Chiến lược hiệu quả cho Part 2 bao gồm: Sử dụng tối đa 1 phút chuẩn bị để ghi chú keywords, không viết câu hoàn chỉnh vì bạn sẽ không có thời gian đọc và nghe không tự nhiên. Nói đủ 2 phút là mục tiêu tối thiểu, lý tưởng là 2-2.5 phút để thể hiện fluency tốt. Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả bullet points trong cue card, không bỏ sót vì điều này ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến điểm Task Achievement. Sử dụng đúng thì động từ, thường là quá khứ khi kể về trải nghiệm đã xảy ra. Cấu trúc bài nói logic với introduction, main body có details và examples, và conclusion ngắn gọn.

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam trong Part 2: Không tận dụng hết 1 phút chuẩn bị, hoảng loạn và bắt đầu nói ngay; Nói dưới 1.5 phút khiến examiner phải hỏi thêm câu hỏi; Bỏ sót một hoặc nhiều bullet points; Nói không mạch lạc, nhảy lung tung giữa các ý; Sử dụng quá nhiều filler words như “uhm”, “you know”; Học thuộc template khiến câu trả lời nghe rigid và không natural.

Cue Card

Describe a building in your city you would like to visit again

You should say:

• Where this building is located
• What it looks like
• When you first visited it
• And explain why you would like to visit it again

Phân Tích Đề Bài

Dạng câu hỏi: Describe a place – cụ thể là một building trong city của bạn.

Thì động từ: Chủ yếu là quá khứ đơn khi kể về lần đầu visit, hiện tại đơn khi miêu tả đặc điểm của building, và would/want to cho phần giải thích lý do muốn quay lại.

Bullet points phải cover:

• Location: Nêu rõ địa điểm cụ thể, có thể mention landmarks gần đó
• Appearance: Miêu tả architecture, design, màu sắc, kích thước, nổi bật về mặt hình thức
• First visit: Khi nào, với ai, trong hoàn cảnh gì, trải nghiệm như thế nào
• Reason to revisit: Đây là phần quan trọng nhất, cần explain cảm xúc và lý do cụ thể

Câu “explain” quan trọng: Bullet point cuối cùng “explain why you would like to visit it again” là phần scoring cao nhất vì nó đòi hỏi bạn phải diễn đạt feelings, personal connection, và reasoning một cách convincing. Đây là nơi bạn có thể showcase advanced vocabulary về emotions và complex sentence structures.

Sample Answer – Band 6-7

Thời lượng: Khoảng 1.5-2 phút

Well, I’d like to talk about the City Library in the center of Hanoi, which is a building I really enjoyed visiting and would love to go back to.

The library is located on Nguyen Trai Street, not far from the Old Quarter. It’s quite easy to get there by bus or motorbike. The building itself is quite impressive. It’s a five-story building with a modern design, lots of glass windows, and white walls. The exterior looks clean and bright, and there’s a small garden in front with some benches where people can sit and read.

I first visited this library about two years ago when I was preparing for my university entrance exam. I went there with my best friend because we needed a quiet place to study. I remember feeling excited when I walked in because it was so spacious and well-organized. The library has many different sections – there’s an area for fiction books, another for academic books, and even a children’s section with colorful decorations. We spent the whole afternoon there, studying and taking breaks in the small café on the first floor.

The reason I’d like to visit it again is that it was such a peaceful place to study and relax. I found it much better than studying at home because there were no distractions. Also, the atmosphere was really nice – seeing other people reading and studying made me feel motivated. I also want to explore more of the book collection because I didn’t have time to look at everything during my first visit. If I go back, I’d like to borrow some novels and spend a whole day there just reading for pleasure.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	6-7	Có linking words cơ bản như “well”, “also”, “because”; story flow logic nhưng còn simple; một số hesitation nhẹ có thể xảy ra
Lexical Resource	6-7	Vocabulary adequate với “impressive”, “spacious”, “well-organized”, “distractions”; một số collocations đúng như “first visited”, “located on”; nhưng còn repetitive với “quite” xuất hiện nhiều lần
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	6-7	Mix của simple và complex sentences; sử dụng đúng past simple và present simple; có relative clause “which is a building”; nhưng structures chưa đủ sophisticated
Pronunciation	6-7	Phát âm rõ ràng, có thể hiểu được; word stress và sentence stress cơ bản đúng

Điểm mạnh:

• Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả bullet points trong cue card
• Có structure rõ ràng: introduction → location & appearance → first visit → reason to revisit
• Đưa ra details cụ thể về experience và feelings
• Thời lượng đủ để demonstrate speaking ability

Hạn chế:

• Vocabulary còn basic và repetitive, thiếu variety
• Sentence structures chủ yếu đơn giản, ít complex grammar
• Descriptions chưa vivid và detailed enough
• Thiếu emotional depth và personal reflection sâu sắc

Sample Answer – Band 7.5-8

Thời lượng: Khoảng 2-2.5 phút

I’d like to describe the Hanoi Opera House, a stunning architectural masterpiece that I had the privilege of visiting last year, and it’s definitely a place I’m keen to revisit.

This magnificent building is strategically situated in the heart of Hanoi, right on Trang Tien Street, which is one of the most prominent thoroughfares in the French Quarter. It’s within walking distance of Hoan Kiem Lake, making it easily accessible for both locals and tourists. The building itself is absolutely breathtaking – it’s a neoclassical structure that was constructed during the French colonial period in the early 1900s. What strikes you immediately is its elegant façade with ornate details, tall columns, and a distinctive yellow and white color scheme that exudes colonial charm. The symmetrical design and grand entrance with wide steps create an imposing yet inviting presence.

I had the opportunity to visit this architectural gem about eight months ago when I attended a classical music concert there with my family. It was actually my first time stepping inside, and I was blown away by the opulent interior. The moment you enter, you’re greeted by a lavish lobby with crystal chandeliers, marble floors, and intricately decorated ceilings. The main auditorium can seat around 600 people and features plush red velvet seats, multiple balcony tiers, and exceptional acoustics. During the performance, I was mesmerized not just by the music but by the sheer grandeur of the surroundings.

The reason I’m eager to return is multifaceted. Firstly, there’s something profoundly inspiring about being in a space that has witnessed over a century of cultural performances. I’d love to experience different types of shows there – perhaps a ballet or an opera – to fully appreciate the venue’s acoustic excellence. Secondly, I didn’t have enough time to take in all the architectural details during my first visit as I was focused on the concert. I’d like to join one of the guided tours that explain the building’s history and preservation efforts. Lastly, the Opera House represents a tangible link to Hanoi’s colonial past, and I find it fascinating how it’s been seamlessly integrated into modern Vietnamese culture. It’s not just a building; it’s a living monument that continues to enrich the city’s cultural landscape.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	7.5-8	Speaks at length without noticeable effort; coherence tốt với logical progression; wide range của linking devices như “firstly”, “secondly”, “lastly”; minimal hesitation
Lexical Resource	7.5-8	Wide vocabulary range với “architectural masterpiece”, “strategically situated”, “ornate details”; good collocation như “exudes charm”, “blown away”; some less common phrases như “multifaceted”, “profoundly inspiring”
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	7.5-8	Mix of complex structures including relative clauses, participle clauses; accurate use of passive voice; various tenses used appropriately; minimal errors
Pronunciation	7.5-8	Clear và easy to understand; good use of intonation patterns; word stress generally accurate

So Sánh Với Band 6-7

Khía cạnh	Band 6-7	Band 7.5-8
Vocabulary	“impressive”, “spacious”, “peaceful”	“architectural masterpiece”, “strategically situated”, “opulent interior”, “acoustic excellence”
Grammar	“The library is located on…”, “I first visited…”	“This magnificent building is strategically situated…”, “I had the opportunity to visit this architectural gem…”
Ideas	Nêu lý do basic: quiet place, no distractions	Lý do nuanced: cultural significance, historical connection, acoustic appreciation, architectural details

Sample Answer – Band 8.5-9

Thời lượng: 2.5-3 phút đầy đủ

I’d like to talk about the Central Post Office in Ho Chi Minh City, which is, without a doubt, one of the most architecturally significant buildings I’ve ever encountered, and a place that holds a special place in my heart.

This iconic landmark is prominently positioned in District 1, right opposite Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica, forming what many consider the architectural heart of the city. It’s nestled in an area that encapsulates the colonial legacy of Saigon, and its location makes it a natural focal point for anyone interested in heritage architecture. What makes this building particularly remarkable is its harmonious blend of French colonial and Vietnamese influences. Designed by the renowned architect Gustave Eiffel, who also created the Eiffel Tower, it boasts a striking green and cream façade with sweeping arched windows that harken back to late 19th-century European railway stations. The interior is equally captivating – a vast vaulted ceiling adorned with wrought iron arches, vintage wooden telephone booths, and a magnificent hand-painted map of Southern Vietnam and Cambodia from the French colonial era gracing the far wall.

My first encounter with this architectural marvel was about three years ago during a spontaneous day trip to Ho Chi Minh City. I’d gone there primarily for business meetings, but finding myself with an unexpected free afternoon, I decided to embark on a solo exploration of the city’s historical sites. Stumbling upon the Post Office felt almost serendipitous. As I crossed the threshold, I was immediately struck by the palpable sense of history that permeated the space. Unlike museums where history feels preserved behind glass, here it was vibrantly alive – locals were queuing to send parcels, tourists were scribbling postcards at the old wooden counters, and the gentle clatter of activity created this wonderfully anachronistic atmosphere. I spent nearly two hours there, not just admiring the architecture but soaking in the unique ambiance – watching how this century-old structure continues to fulfill its original purpose while simultaneously serving as a cultural attraction.

What compels me to revisit this building is multilayered. On a visceral level, there’s something deeply satisfying about experiencing spaces that transcend mere functionality to become cultural touchstones. The Post Office isn’t just beautiful; it embodies a particular historical moment when Vietnam was navigating complex colonial dynamics. I’m drawn to returning because I believe multiple visits peel back different layers of understanding. During my first visit, I was preoccupied with the aesthetic grandeur, but I’d like to delve deeper into the socio-historical context – perhaps join a specialized heritage tour or interview some of the long-serving postal workers who must have fascinating insights into how the building has evolved. Moreover, there’s a therapeutic quality to being in spaces that have endured through so much change. In our increasingly homogenized urban landscape, where cookie-cutter buildings dominate, returning to the Post Office feels like reconnecting with authenticity. It reminds me that architecture can be more than shelter; it can be a repository of collective memory, a testament to craftsmanship, and a bridge between past and present. Each visit, I imagine, would reveal subtle details I’d previously overlooked – a particular ornamental flourish, the way natural light dances across the tiled floor at different times of day, or the evolving interplay between its historical role and contemporary function.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	8.5-9	Speaks fluently với minimal repetition or self-correction; develops topics coherently and appropriately; sophisticated use of cohesive devices không overuse; natural conversation flow với varied pace
Lexical Resource	8.5-9	Uses sophisticated vocabulary with precise meaning như “serendipitous”, “anachronistic”, “repository of collective memory”; collocations completely natural như “palpable sense”, “visceral level”, “peel back layers”; uses idiomatic language naturally như “holds a special place in my heart”, “stumbling upon”
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	8.5-9	Full range of structures used naturally và accurately; rare errors không impede communication; complex clauses including inversion, participles, conditionals; passive structures sophisticated như “what makes this building particularly remarkable”
Pronunciation	8.5-9	Pronunciation features fully effective với clear articulation; appropriate word stress, sentence stress, intonation patterns create natural rhythm

Tại Sao Bài Này Xuất Sắc

Fluency Hoàn Hảo:

• Speech flows naturally without awkward pauses hay fillers
• Ideas progress logically từ general description đến personal experience rồi deep reflection
• Demonstrates ability to sustain extended discourse coherently

Vocabulary Tinh Vi:

• Ví dụ: “architecturally significant” thay vì “important building” cho thấy precise word choice
• Ví dụ: “anachronistic atmosphere” – từ nâng cao perfect cho context
• Ví dụ: “repository of collective memory” – metaphorical language shows sophisticated thinking
• Collocations natural như “palpable sense of history“, “transcend mere functionality“

Grammar Đa Dạng:

• Ví dụ: “Unlike museums where history feels preserved behind glass, here it was vibrantly alive” – complex comparative structure với descriptive clauses
• Ví dụ: “What compels me to revisit this building is multilayered” – cleft sentence for emphasis
• Ví dụ: “Designed by the renowned architect Gustave Eiffel, who also created the Eiffel Tower, it boasts…” – multiple layers of clause embedding
• Perfect control of tenses transitioning từ past experiences đến present reflections và future intentions

Ideas Sâu Sắc:

• Goes beyond surface description để explore deeper meanings: historical significance, cultural identity, role of architecture in society
• Shows critical thinking: “architecture can be more than shelter; it can be a repository of collective memory“
• Personal reflection sophisticated: “each visit would reveal subtle details I’d previously overlooked“
• Demonstrates cultural awareness và historical understanding

Bưu điện Trung tâm Sài Gòn với kiến trúc Pháp cổ điển và trần vòm ấn tượng

Follow-up Questions (Rounding Off Questions)

Examiner thường hỏi thêm 1-2 câu ngắn sau Part 2 trước khi chuyển sang Part 3:

Question 1: Do you often visit this building?

Band 6-7 Answer:
No, not really. I’ve only been there once because it’s quite far from my house. But I hope to visit it again soon when I have more free time.

Band 8-9 Answer:
Not as often as I’d like, to be honest. Given the constraints of my work schedule and the fact that it’s not particularly convenient to get there from my neighborhood, my visits have been rather sporadic. That said, I’ve been making a conscious effort to prioritize such cultural excursions, so I’m hoping to visit again within the next few months.

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Question 2: Would you recommend this building to foreign visitors?

Band 6-7 Answer:
Yes, definitely. I think foreign tourists would really enjoy it because it’s beautiful and has interesting history. It’s also a good place to take photos.

Band 8-9 Answer:
Absolutely, without a shadow of doubt. I’d consider it an essential stop for any visitor wanting to grasp the historical fabric of our city. It offers that rare combination of aesthetic beauty and cultural authenticity – it’s not just a tourist attraction but a functioning piece of history. Plus, the fact that it remains an active public space rather than a sanitized museum gives visitors a more genuine glimpse into how heritage structures can remain relevant in contemporary urban life.

IELTS Speaking Part 3: Two-way Discussion

Tổng Quan Về Part 3

Part 3 là phần thảo luận hai chiều kéo dài 4-5 phút, nơi examiner đặt những câu hỏi trừu tượng và phức tạp hơn liên quan đến chủ đề của Part 2. Đây là phần khó nhất trong bài thi Speaking vì yêu cầu bạn phải phân tích, so sánh, đánh giá và đưa ra quan điểm về các vấn đề xã hội rộng hơn.

Yêu cầu chính của Part 3 bao gồm: Phải phân tích vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ, không chỉ đơn giản agree hay disagree; Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân có lý lẽ rõ ràng và examples từ society; Xem xét cả advantages và disadvantages của một vấn đề; Thể hiện critical thinking bằng cách acknowledge complexity; Sử dụng từ vựng abstract và academic hơn so với Part 1 và 2.

Chiến lược hiệu quả: Mở rộng câu trả lời với 3-5 câu là lý tưởng, structure rõ ràng với direct answer → reason/explanation → example → conclusion/nuance; Sử dụng discourse markers để tổ chức ý: “Well, I think…”, “On the one hand…, on the other hand…”, “This is primarily because…”; Đưa ra examples từ society hoặc statistics nếu có, không chỉ personal experience; Thừa nhận complexity bằng tentative language: “It seems to me that…”, “To some extent…”, “It depends on…”; Không ngại nói “That’s an interesting question, let me think…” để có thời gian organize thoughts.

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam: Trả lời quá ngắn, thiếu phân tích sâu; Không đưa ra lý lẽ rõ ràng cho opinion; Thiếu từ vựng trừu tượng và academic; Chỉ nói về personal experience thay vì broader societal context; Không structure câu trả lời logic; Hesitate quá nhiều vì chưa quen với dạng câu hỏi abstract; Không dare to disagree hoặc present alternative views.

Các Câu Hỏi Thảo Luận Sâu

Theme 1: Architecture and Urban Development

Question 1: How have buildings in your country changed over the past few decades?

Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Change over time – yêu cầu compare past vs present
• Key words: “changed”, “past few decades” – cần focus vào transformation
• Cách tiếp cận: Mention specific changes → explain reasons (economic, social, technological) → give examples → comment on implications

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Buildings in Vietnam have changed a lot in recent years. In the past, most buildings were quite low and simple. But now, we have many tall buildings and modern apartments, especially in big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This is because the economy is growing and more people are moving to cities. Also, modern buildings have better facilities like air conditioning and elevators, which make life more comfortable.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Has basic organization: past → present → reason nhưng còn simple
• Vocabulary: “changed a lot”, “quite low”, “better facilities” – adequate nhưng không sophisticated
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Communicates the main idea clearly nhưng lacks depth trong analysis và vocabulary range

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Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Well, the architectural landscape of Vietnam has undergone dramatic transformation over the past few decades, reflecting broader socio-economic shifts. Back in the day, most residential and commercial buildings were low-rise structures, typically no more than four or five stories, with utilitarian designs that prioritized functionality over aesthetics. However, with the Doi Moi reforms in the late 1980s and Vietnam’s subsequent economic liberalization, we’ve witnessed an unprecedented construction boom.

Major cities are now dominated by high-rise developments – sleek glass towers housing multinational corporations, luxury condominiums with state-of-the-art amenities, and sprawling shopping complexes that would rival those in any developed nation. This verticalization has been driven by several factors: escalating land prices in urban centers making vertical expansion more economically viable, rapid urbanization creating demand for compact living solutions, and technological advances in construction methods enabling structurally ambitious projects.

What’s particularly interesting is how this modernization has created a kind of architectural dichotomy – gleaming skyscrapers standing in stark contrast to traditional tube houses and colonial-era buildings. While this represents material progress, there are growing concerns about loss of cultural identity and whether this wholesale adoption of international architectural styles comes at the expense of distinctively Vietnamese design elements. Some contemporary architects are now attempting to strike a balance, incorporating traditional motifs like curved tiled roofs or courtyards into modern structures, which I find quite promising.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Sophisticated organization: historical context → description of changes → driving factors → critical evaluation of implications
• Vocabulary: High-level với “architectural landscape”, “unprecedented construction boom”, “verticalization”, “architectural dichotomy”, “wholesale adoption”
• Grammar: Complex structures including passive voice, participle clauses, relative clauses perfectly integrated
• Critical Thinking: Goes beyond description để analyze causes, evaluate consequences, và acknowledge tensions between modernization và cultural preservation

Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “Well”, “However”, “What’s particularly interesting”, “While this represents”
• Tentative language: “there are growing concerns”, “I find quite promising”
• Abstract nouns: “transformation”, “urbanization”, “modernization”, “dichotomy”, “adoption”
• Academic phrases: “reflecting broader socio-economic shifts”, “driven by several factors”, “at the expense of”

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Question 2: Do you think it’s important to preserve old buildings? Why or why not?

Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Opinion question with justification
• Key words: “important”, “preserve”, “old buildings”
• Cách tiếp cận: Give clear opinion → provide multiple reasons (cultural, historical, economic) → acknowledge counter-argument → conclude with balanced view

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, I think preserving old buildings is very important. Old buildings tell us about history and culture of a place. For example, in Hanoi, we have many old temples and French colonial buildings that attract tourists. If we destroy them, we will lose this history. However, sometimes old buildings are in bad condition and cost a lot of money to repair, so it’s difficult to keep all of them.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear opinion → reason → example → acknowledgment of challenge
• Vocabulary: Basic với “very important”, “tell us about”, “bad condition”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate response với logical structure nhưng lacks sophistication trong vocabulary và depth of analysis

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Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Absolutely, I’d argue that heritage preservation is not just important but absolutely crucial for several compelling reasons.

First and foremost, historic buildings serve as tangible connections to our past – they’re essentially three-dimensional history books that offer insights into architectural techniques, aesthetic values, and social structures of earlier eras in ways that textual records simply cannot replicate. When we demolish a century-old building, we’re not just removing bricks and mortar; we’re erasing a piece of collective memory that’s irreplaceable. Take the Ancient Quarter in Hanoi, for instance – those narrow alleyways and traditional shop houses provide an authentic glimpse into urban life during the French colonial period and even earlier, offering something that’s infinitely more valuable than any modern development could provide.

Beyond the cultural and historical significance, there’s also a pragmatic economic argument. Heritage tourism is a massive revenue generator globally, and cities with well-preserved historic districts tend to enjoy substantial economic benefits from visitor spending. Look at cities like Prague or Kyoto – their architectural heritage is central to their identity and economic vitality. Vietnam is increasingly recognizing this potential, with places like Hoi An’s Ancient Town generating significant tourism income precisely because of its preservation efforts.

That said, I do acknowledge that preservation isn’t without challenges. Maintaining old structures can be prohibitively expensive, especially for economically developing countries where resources might be better allocated to pressing social needs like healthcare or education. There’s also the question of which buildings merit preservation – obviously, we can’t save everything, and sometimes tough decisions need to be made between conservation and urban development needs.

Ideally, what we need is a nuanced approach that balances preservation with progress. This might involve adaptive reuse – converting old buildings into new functions like museums, cafes, or boutique hotels – which allows them to remain economically viable while retaining their historical character. It’s about finding creative solutions rather than viewing it as a binary choice between bulldozing everything or turning cities into open-air museums.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Multi-layered argument với clear signposting: cultural reasons → economic reasons → acknowledgment of challenges → balanced conclusion
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated và precise: “heritage preservation”, “tangible connections”, “three-dimensional history books”, “collective memory”, “pragmatic economic argument”, “adaptive reuse”
• Grammar: Wide range of complex structures including cleft sentences, conditional logic, participle phrases
• Critical Thinking: Demonstrates ability to analyze từ multiple perspectives (cultural, historical, economic, practical), acknowledge complexity, và propose nuanced solutions

Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “First and foremost”, “Beyond…”, “That said”, “Ideally”
• Emphatic language: “absolutely crucial”, “infinitely more valuable”, “prohibitively expensive”
• Contrast markers: “while”, “rather than”, “between…and…”
• Evaluative language: “compelling reasons”, “substantial benefits”, “tough decisions”

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Theme 2: Modern vs Traditional Architecture

Question 3: What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a modern building compared to a traditional one?

Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Compare and contrast – both advantages AND disadvantages required
• Key words: “modern building”, “traditional one”, “advantages”, “disadvantages”
• Cách tiếp cận: Structure với clear comparison: modern advantages/disadvantages → traditional advantages/disadvantages hoặc có thể organize by aspects (comfort, cost, aesthetics, etc.)

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Modern buildings have many advantages. They usually have good facilities like elevators, parking spaces, and security systems. They are also more comfortable with air conditioning and good insulation. However, they can be expensive and sometimes look the same with no special character. Traditional buildings, on the other hand, have more cultural value and unique designs, but they might not be as convenient and can be difficult to maintain.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Organized comparison present
• Vocabulary: Functional nhưng basic: “good facilities”, “more comfortable”, “special character”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Addresses both sides nhưng analysis remains surface-level

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Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

This is quite a multifaceted question because both types of dwellings offer distinct pros and cons, and the optimal choice often depends on individual priorities and lifestyle preferences.

Starting with modern buildings, the most obvious advantage is functional efficiency. Contemporary apartments and condominiums are typically designed with modern living in mind – they feature open-plan layouts that maximize space utilization, integrated smart home technology for convenience, energy-efficient systems that reduce utility costs, and communal amenities like gyms, swimming pools, and co-working spaces. From a practical standpoint, modern buildings also tend to have better structural safety, being built to current seismic standards and fire safety regulations, which is particularly reassuring in earthquake-prone regions. Furthermore, they often require minimal maintenance compared to older structures – you’re not dealing with deteriorating pipes, crumbling plaster, or outdated electrical systems.

However, modern buildings aren’t without their drawbacks. Many mass-produced high-rises suffer from homogenized designs that lack architectural character and cultural identity. Living in what essentially amounts to a concrete box can feel somewhat soulless and impersonal. There’s also the issue of soundproofing – or lack thereof – in some modern developments where thin walls offer little acoustic privacy. Not to mention the environmental concerns associated with resource-intensive construction and the fact that many modern buildings create heat islands in urban areas.

Traditional buildings, by contrast, offer something altogether different. They typically possess unique architectural charm – handcrafted details, distinctive design elements, and character that accumulates with age. There’s an intangible quality to living in a space with history, a sense of connection to the past that many people find deeply satisfying. Traditional structures also tend to be more environmentally sustainable in certain ways – they were often built using local materials and natural ventilation principles that required minimal mechanical cooling. In Vietnam’s tropical climate, for instance, tube houses with their internal courtyards were brilliantly designed for natural air circulation.

On the flip side, traditional buildings come with significant practical challenges. They often lack modern conveniences – no elevator means climbing stairs daily, antiquated plumbing can be problematic, and inadequate electrical capacity struggles with modern appliance demands. Maintenance costs can be astronomical, particularly for heritage buildings requiring specialized restoration work. There’s also the issue of space constraints – many traditional homes have compartmentalized rooms that don’t suit contemporary lifestyles favoring open-plan living.

All things considered, I’d say it’s less about which type is objectively better and more about finding the right fit for your circumstances and values. If you prioritize convenience and modern amenities, contemporary buildings make perfect sense. But if you’re willing to trade some comfort for architectural character and historical connection, traditional buildings offer irreplaceable rewards. Personally, I’m quite fond of the emerging trend of adaptive reuse – renovating traditional structures with modern interventions – which seems to offer the best of both worlds.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Comprehensive and balanced: modern advantages → modern disadvantages → traditional advantages → traditional disadvantages → nuanced conclusion
• Vocabulary: Exceptionally rich: “multifaceted question”, “communal amenities”, “homogenized designs”, “acoustic privacy”, “intangible quality”, “antiquated plumbing”, “adaptive reuse”
• Grammar: Full range of complex structures seamlessly integrated
• Critical Thinking: Demonstrates sophisticated analysis considering practical, aesthetic, cultural, environmental perspectives; acknowledges that preference depends on individual values

Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “Starting with”, “Furthermore”, “However”, “By contrast”, “On the flip side”, “All things considered”
• Contrasting language: “while”, “whereas”, “on the other hand”, “by contrast”
• Tentative/hedging language: “often”, “tend to”, “typically”, “I’d say”, “seems to”
• Evaluative phrases: “most obvious advantage”, “particularly reassuring”, “deeply satisfying”, “significant challenges”

So sánh kiến trúc nhà hiện đại và nhà truyền thống Việt Nam với ưu nhược điểm

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Theme 3: Future Trends in Architecture

Question 4: How do you think buildings will change in the future?

Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Speculation about future – prediction question
• Key words: “future”, “change”, “buildings”
• Cách tiếp cận: Use future forms và modal verbs (will, might, could, likely to); mention current trends và their trajectory; consider technological, environmental, social factors

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I think buildings in the future will be more modern and environmentally friendly. We’ll probably see more green buildings with solar panels and better energy efficiency. Also, technology will be more advanced, so buildings might have smart systems to control everything automatically. Buildings will also be taller because cities are getting more crowded. I hope future buildings will be more sustainable and better for the environment.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Basic prediction với some reasons
• Vocabulary: Simple với “more modern”, “environmentally friendly”, “more advanced”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Makes reasonable predictions nhưng lacks specificity và sophisticated analysis

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Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

That’s a fascinating question to ponder, and I think we’re on the cusp of some truly revolutionary changes in architecture driven by converging technological advances and pressing environmental imperatives.

First off, I believe sustainability will transition from being a niche concern to an absolute prerequisite. We’re already seeing green building certifications becoming standard, but I expect this to evolve dramatically. Future buildings will likely feature integrated renewable energy systems – not just rooftop solar panels but building-integrated photovoltaics where the entire façade generates electricity. We’ll probably see widespread adoption of vertical forests – buildings covered in vegetation that improve air quality and provide natural cooling. Singapore’s pioneering work in this area with structures like the Parkroyal on Pickering offers a glimpse of what’s to come. Beyond that, I anticipate buildings will incorporate closed-loop systems for water and waste, essentially functioning as self-sufficient ecosystems.

On the technological front, I think smart buildings will become exponentially more sophisticated. We’re not just talking about automated lighting and climate control but truly adaptive environments that use AI and IoT sensors to optimize everything from energy consumption to occupant comfort in real-time. Imagine buildings that reconfigure their layouts using modular components based on changing needs, or that self-diagnose maintenance issues before they become problems. 3D printing technology is also poised to revolutionize construction – we’re already seeing experimental projects where entire houses are printed in days rather than months, which could dramatically reduce costs and make housing more accessible.

I also expect we’ll see a shift toward more flexible, multi-functional spaces in response to changing work patterns. The pandemic has accelerated the trend toward remote work and hybrid arrangements, which means future buildings will need to blur the lines between residential, commercial, and recreational spaces. We might see more mixed-use developments with convertible spaces that serve different purposes throughout the day.

However, I do think there’ll be some pushback against over-reliance on technology. There’s a growing movement toward biophilic design – architecture that reconnects people with nature – which represents a kind of counter-trend to the hyper-technological approach. I suspect successful future buildings will strike a balance, using technology to enhance rather than replace our connection to natural elements.

One concern I have is whether these advances will exacerbate inequality. If cutting-edge sustainable buildings are only accessible to wealthy people or developed nations, we’ll have achieved relatively little in terms of global environmental impact. The real challenge will be making these innovations scalable and affordable so they benefit everyone, not just the elite.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Comprehensive prediction organized thematically: sustainability trends → technological advances → social/functional changes → counter-trends → critical concern
• Vocabulary: Highly sophisticated: “on the cusp of”, “converging advances”, “pressing imperatives”, “building-integrated photovoltaics”, “closed-loop systems”, “exponentially more sophisticated”, “biophilic design”
• Grammar: Full range including future forms, conditionals, passive constructions, complex embeddings
• Critical Thinking: Demonstrates ability to predict based on current trends, consider multiple dimensions (environmental, technological, social), acknowledge potential problems and contradictions

Key Language Features:

• Speculative language: “I believe”, “likely to”, “probably”, “I anticipate”, “I expect”, “might”, “I suspect”
• Discourse markers: “First off”, “Beyond that”, “On the technological front”, “However”, “One concern”
• Exemplification: “like the Parkroyal on Pickering”, “imagine buildings that…”
• Cause-effect language: “driven by”, “in response to”, “which means”

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Question 5: Why do some people prefer living in houses while others prefer apartments?

Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Explain reasons for different preferences
• Key words: “some people”, “others”, “prefer”, “houses”, “apartments”
• Cách tiếp cận: Consider multiple factors: lifestyle, family situation, economic factors, cultural values, practical considerations

Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Different people prefer different types of housing for various reasons. Some people like houses because they have more space and privacy. You can have a garden and don’t need to share walls with neighbors. This is good for families with children. On the other hand, apartments are more convenient, especially for young people or professionals. They’re usually closer to the city center and easier to maintain. Also, apartments are often cheaper than houses, which is important for people with limited budgets.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear comparison present
• Vocabulary: Adequate nhưng basic: “more space”, “more convenient”, “easier to maintain”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Covers main points nhưng lacks nuanced analysis

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Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

This really boils down to a complex interplay of practical considerations, lifestyle priorities, and even deeper psychological factors that vary considerably from person to person.

From a pragmatic perspective, houses typically appeal to people seeking autonomy and spatial freedom. The allure of having your own plot of land, the ability to customize your living environment without landlord restrictions, and the luxury of outdoor private space – whether that’s a garden, patio, or yard – are significant draws. For families with children, houses offer practical advantages: kids can play outside safely, you don’t worry about noise complaints from downstairs neighbors, and you have ample storage for the accumulated paraphernalia of family life. There’s also a psychological dimension – territorial psychology suggests that humans have an innate desire for clearly defined personal space, and houses with their physical boundaries and direct ground contact satisfy this primal need more completely than apartments.

Conversely, apartment living appeals to those who prioritize convenience and urban connectivity. For young professionals or career-focused individuals, the strategic location of most apartment buildings – typically in or near commercial hubs with excellent public transport links – minimizes commute times and maximizes access to cultural amenities, restaurants, and nightlife. The reduced maintenance burden is another major draw – you’re not responsible for exterior upkeep, yard work, or structural repairs, which frees up time for other pursuits. From a lifestyle perspective, many people, particularly millennials and Gen Z, gravitate toward the community aspects of apartment complexes with their shared facilities and built-in social networks.

Economic factors play a considerable role as well. In property-scarce urban centers where land values are astronomical, apartments offer a more financially accessible entry point into homeownership. The lower initial investment and reduced ongoing costs (no property taxes on land, lower utilities) make apartments economically rational for many, especially first-time buyers or those prioritizing financial flexibility over property size.

Cultural and generational factors also come into play. In many Asian cultures, there’s traditionally been a strong preference for ground-level living and private outdoor space, viewing apartment living as somewhat inferior. However, this is gradually shifting among younger generations who’ve grown up in increasingly urbanized environments and view apartment living not as a compromise but as a desirable lifestyle choice that aligns with contemporary values of minimalism and reduced environmental footprint.

Ultimately, I’d argue that neither option is inherently superior – they simply cater to different life stages, priorities, and circumstances. Someone might prefer apartment living during their child-free professional years but transition to a house when starting a family, then potentially downsize back to an apartment in retirement. It’s a fluid dynamic rather than a fixed dichotomy.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Exceptionally well-organized: houses appeal → apartments appeal → economic factors → cultural/generational factors → nuanced conclusion
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated and varied: “complex interplay”, “allure”, “territorial psychology”, “innate desire”, “commercial hubs”, “property-scarce urban centers”, “fluid dynamic”
• Grammar: Full range expertly deployed including nominalizations, participle constructions, conditional logic
• Critical Thinking: Multi-dimensional analysis considering psychological, practical, economic, cultural, and generational perspectives; acknowledges that preferences are not static

Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “From a pragmatic perspective”, “Conversely”, “Ultimately”
• Academic phrases: “boils down to”, “complex interplay”, “play a considerable role”, “come into play”
• Contrasting language: “while”, “conversely”, “on the other hand”, “rather than”
• Hedging language: “typically”, “tend to”, “I’d argue”, “suggests that”

Từ vựng và cụm từ quan trọng

Topic-Specific Vocabulary

Từ vựng/Cụm từ	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ	Collocation
architectural masterpiece	noun phrase	/ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl ˈmɑːstəpiːs/	kiệt tác kiến trúc	The Opera House is an architectural masterpiece that attracts thousands of visitors annually.	architectural heritage, architectural significance, architectural style, architectural features
imposing	adj	/ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ/	hùng vĩ, uy nghiêm	The cathedral has an imposing façade that dominates the city skyline.	imposing structure, imposing presence, imposing building, imposing entrance
ornate	adj	/ɔːˈneɪt/	trang trí công phu, cầu kỳ	The palace features ornate carvings and decorative elements throughout.	ornate details, ornate decoration, ornate design, ornate ceiling
façade	noun	/fəˈsɑːd/	mặt tiền (của tòa nhà)	The building’s glass façade reflects the surrounding cityscape beautifully.	building façade, exterior façade, modern façade, ornate façade
high-rise	noun/adj	/haɪ raɪz/	cao tầng	The city center is dominated by high-rise office buildings and residential towers.	high-rise building, high-rise apartment, high-rise development, high-rise tower
acoustics	noun	/əˈkuːstɪks/	âm học, âm thanh (của không gian)	The concert hall is famous for its exceptional acoustics.	excellent acoustics, acoustic quality, acoustic design, acoustic properties
preservation	noun	/ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/	sự bảo tồn	The preservation of historical buildings requires significant funding and expertise.	heritage preservation, building preservation, preservation efforts, cultural preservation
structural integrity	noun phrase	/ˈstrʌktʃərəl ɪnˈteɡrəti/	tính toàn vẹn kết cấu	Engineers assessed the structural integrity of the old building before renovation.	maintain structural integrity, compromise structural integrity, ensure structural integrity
vaulted ceiling	noun phrase	/vɔːltɪd ˈsiːlɪŋ/	trần vòm	The cathedral’s vaulted ceiling creates a sense of grandeur and spaciousness.	high vaulted ceiling, ornate vaulted ceiling, impressive vaulted ceiling
colonial architecture	noun phrase	/kəˈləʊniəl ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/	kiến trúc thuộc địa	Hanoi’s Old Quarter features many buildings with colonial architecture.	French colonial architecture, colonial-era building, colonial heritage, colonial style
sustainability	noun	/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/	tính bền vững	Modern architects prioritize sustainability in their building designs.	environmental sustainability, sustainable design, sustainable building, sustainability features
adaptive reuse	noun phrase	/əˈdæptɪv riːˈjuːs/	tái sử dụng thích ứng	The old factory underwent adaptive reuse and is now a trendy art gallery.	adaptive reuse project, historic building adaptive reuse
urban sprawl	noun phrase	/ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/	sự bành trướng đô thị	Uncontrolled urban sprawl has led to environmental concerns in many cities.	prevent urban sprawl, urban sprawl development, combat urban sprawl
skyline	noun	/ˈskaɪlaɪn/	đường chân trời (của thành phố)	The new skyscraper has transformed the city’s skyline dramatically.	city skyline, urban skyline, iconic skyline, dominate the skyline
blueprint	noun	/ˈbluːprɪnt/	bản thiết kế	The architect presented detailed blueprints for the renovation project.	architectural blueprint, building blueprint, original blueprint
renovation	noun	/ˌrenəˈveɪʃn/	sự tu sửa, cải tạo	The historical building is currently undergoing extensive renovation.	building renovation, major renovation, complete renovation, renovation project
infrastructure	noun	/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/	cơ sở hạ tầng	The city needs to invest in infrastructure to support new developments.	urban infrastructure, modern infrastructure, infrastructure development, public infrastructure
aesthetic appeal	noun phrase	/iːsˈθetɪk əˈpiːl/	sức hấp dẫn về mặt thẩm mỹ	The building’s unique design gives it tremendous aesthetic appeal.	visual aesthetic, aesthetic value, aesthetic quality
landmark	noun	/ˈlændmɑːk/	địa danh nổi tiếng, công trình mang tính biểu tượng	The Opera House has become an iconic landmark of the city.	historical landmark, architectural landmark, famous landmark, city landmark
amenities	noun	/əˈmiːnətiz/	tiện nghi, tiện ích	The residential complex offers various amenities including a gym and swimming pool.	modern amenities, public amenities, building amenities, luxury amenities

Idiomatic Expressions & Advanced Phrases

Cụm từ	Nghĩa	Ví dụ sử dụng	Band điểm
stand the test of time	tồn tại qua thời gian, trường tồn	The cathedral has stood the test of time, remaining beautiful for over three centuries.	7.5-9
architectural gem	viên ngọc kiến trúc (công trình đẹp và quý giá)	The old library is a hidden architectural gem that few tourists know about.	7.5-9
a sight to behold	một cảnh tượng đáng chiêm ngưỡng	The illuminated building at night is truly a sight to behold.	7.5-9
strike a balance	đạt được sự cân bằng	Modern architects must strike a balance between aesthetics and functionality.	7.5-9
ahead of its time	vượt trước thời đại	The building’s sustainable design was ahead of its time when it was constructed.	7.5-9
leave a lasting impression	để lại ấn tượng sâu sắc	The cathedral’s magnificent interior left a lasting impression on all visitors.	7.5-9
a feast for the eyes	một bữa tiệc cho mắt (rất đẹp mắt)	The ornate decorations throughout the palace are a feast for the eyes.	7.5-9
cutting-edge design	thiết kế tiên tiến, hiện đại nhất	The new museum features cutting-edge design incorporating the latest technology.	7.5-9
blend seamlessly	hòa quyện một cách liền mạch	The modern extension blends seamlessly with the historic building.	8-9
architectural marvel	kỳ quan kiến trúc	The suspension bridge is an architectural marvel that attracts engineers worldwide.	7.5-9
pay homage to	tôn vinh, tưởng nhớ	The new design pays homage to the traditional architectural style of the region.	8-9
push the boundaries	vượt qua giới hạn	Contemporary architects are pushing the boundaries of what’s structurally possible.	7.5-9

Discourse Markers (Từ Nối Ý Trong Speaking)

Để bắt đầu câu trả lời:

• Well,… – Dùng khi cần một chút thời gian để suy nghĩ hoặc khi bắt đầu trả lời một cách tự nhiên
• Actually,… – Khi muốn đưa ra góc nhìn khác hoặc thông tin thực tế
• To be honest,… – Khi nói thật, thẳng thắn về quan điểm cá nhân
• I’d say that… – Khi đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân một cách mềm mỏng
• From my perspective,… – Từ góc nhìn của tôi
• In my view,… – Theo quan điểm của tôi

Để bổ sung ý:

• On top of that,… – Thêm vào đó, hơn nữa
• What’s more,… – Hơn thế nữa
• Not to mention… – Chưa kể đến
• Besides that,… – Ngoài ra
• Furthermore,… – Hơn nữa (trang trọng hơn)
• Additionally,… – Thêm vào đó

Để đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng:

• On the one hand,… On the other hand,… – Một mặt… mặt khác
• While it’s true that…, we also need to consider… – Mặc dù đúng là… nhưng chúng ta cũng cần xem xét
• That said,… – Tuy nhiên, dù vậy
• Having said that,… – Sau khi nói điều đó
• By contrast,… – Ngược lại
• Conversely,… – Trái lại

Để kết luận:

• All in all,… – Tóm lại, nói chung
• At the end of the day,… – Cuối cùng thì, xét cho cùng
• Ultimately,… – Cuối cùng, rốt cuộc
• In the final analysis,… – Xét cho cùng
• All things considered,… – Xét tất cả mọi mặt

Để đưa ra ví dụ:

• For instance,… – Ví dụ
• Take… for example,… – Lấy… làm ví dụ
• A good example of this is… – Một ví dụ điển hình là
• To illustrate this point,… – Để minh họa điểm này

Grammatical Structures Ấn Tượng

1. Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện):

Mixed conditional:

• Formula: If + Past Perfect, Subject + would/could + Verb
• Ví dụ: “If they had preserved that historical building, it would be a major tourist attraction today.”
• Giải thích: Dùng để nói về điều kiện trong quá khứ và kết quả ở hiện tại

Inversion (Đảo ngữ):

• Formula: Had + Subject + Past Participle, Subject + would have + Past Participle
• Ví dụ: “Had the city invested more in heritage preservation, we wouldn’t have lost so many beautiful old buildings.”
• Giải thích: Cấu trúc formal hơn, tạo ấn tượng mạnh

2. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ):

Non-defining relative clauses:

• Formula: …, which/who + clause, …
• Ví dụ: “The Opera House, which was built in the early 1900s, remains one of the city’s most visited attractions.”
• Giải thích: Thêm thông tin bổ sung, không thiết yếu cho ý chính

3. Passive Voice (Câu bị động):

It is thought/believed/said that…

• Ví dụ: “It is widely believed that sustainable architecture will become the norm rather than the exception in the coming decades.”
• Giải thích: Dùng để nói về quan điểm chung mà không cần nêu chủ thể cụ thể

Causative passive:

• Formula: have/get something done
• Ví dụ: “The building had its façade restored to its original glory after years of neglect.”

4. Cleft Sentences (Câu chẻ):

What I find most… is…

• Ví dụ: “What I find most fascinating about traditional architecture is how it reflects the cultural values of the era.”
• Giải thích: Nhấn mạnh vào phần được highlight

The thing that… is…

• Ví dụ: “The thing that makes this building so special is its unique blend of Eastern and Western architectural elements.”

It is… that…

• Ví dụ: “It is the intricate craftsmanship that truly sets historic buildings apart from modern constructions.”

5. Participle Clauses:

Present participle:

• Ví dụ: “Standing at over 80 stories, the skyscraper dominates the city’s skyline, creating a striking silhouette against the sunset.”

Past participle:

• Ví dụ: “Built in the 1920s, the building showcases the Art Deco style that was popular during that period.”

6. Advanced Comparative Structures:

The + comparative…, the + comparative…

• Ví dụ: “The more we modernize our cities, the more we risk losing our architectural heritage.”

Not so much… as…

• Ví dụ: “It’s not so much the size of the building that impresses me as its attention to detail and craftsmanship.”

Học viên luyện tập cấu trúc ngữ pháp nâng cao cho IELTS Speaking chủ đề kiến trúc

Chiến Lược Thi Hiệu Quả Từ Examiner

Chuẩn Bị Trước Khi Thi

Nghiên cứu chủ đề kỹ càng:
Đối với chủ đề buildings và architecture, hãy chuẩn bị một danh sách 3-5 công trình thực tế mà bạn có thể nói về một cách chi tiết. Đừng bịa ra những tòa nhà không tồn tại vì examiner có thể follow up với những câu hỏi khiến bạn lúng túng. Tìm hiểu về lịch sử, kiến trúc, và ý nghĩa văn hóa của những công trình này.

Xây dựng kho từ vựng cá nhân:
Thay vì học thuộc lòng danh sách từ vựng dài, hãy tạo ra story banks – những câu chuyện cá nhân thực tế kết hợp với từ vựng chủ đề. Ví dụ, thay vì chỉ học từ “ornate”, hãy tạo một câu về trải nghiệm thực tế của bạn như “I was amazed by the ornate carvings on the temple doors.” Điều này giúp bạn nhớ từ tốt hơn và sử dụng tự nhiên hơn.

Luyện tập với timing thực tế:
Part 2 yêu cầu bạn nói trong 2 phút không bị ngắt lời. Nhiều học viên nói quá ngắn hoặc quá dài. Hãy luyện tập với đồng hồ bấm giờ để phát triển internal clock. Ghi âm bản thân và nghe lại để identify các vấn đề về fluency, grammar errors, và overused phrases.

Chuẩn bị tâm lý:
Hiểu rằng examiner không phải là kẻ thù. Họ muốn bạn thể hiện tốt nhất khả năng của mình. Nervous là bình thường, nhưng đừng để nó làm gián đoạn performance. Thực hành breathing exercises và positive visualization trước khi vào phòng thi.

Trong Phòng Thi

Part 1 – Tạo ấn tượng ban đầu:

• Chào examiner một cách tự nhiên và friendly. Eye contact tốt thể hiện confidence.
• Trả lời câu hỏi về ID và personal information một cách rõ ràng, không quá ngắn
• Đối với câu hỏi topic-related, aim for 2-3 câu: direct answer + reason/explanation + example nếu có thể
• Tránh học thuộc template answers, examiner nghe ra ngay và điều này ảnh hưởng xấu đến điểm

Part 2 – Tối ưu hóa 1 phút chuẩn bị:

• Đọc kỹ cue card, underline keywords mentally
• Ghi chú ngắn gọn theo bullet points: location, appearance, when, why (keywords only, không viết câu)
• Plan structure rõ ràng: brief intro → cover bullet point 1 → bullet point 2 → bullet point 3 → expand bullet point 4 (explain why)
• Đừng viết quá nhiều vì bạn sẽ không có thời gian đọc và nó làm mất tự nhiên

Part 2 – Trong khi trình bày:

• Start confidently với introduction sentence set up context
• Cover tất cả bullet points, đừng bỏ sót
• Develop bullet point cuối (explain) kỹ nhất vì đây là phần show advanced language
• Use varied vocabulary và complex structures, nhưng đảm bảo accuracy
• Nếu blank out, dùng fillers tự nhiên như “Let me think about that…” hoặc paraphrase lại ý vừa nói để có thời gian organize thoughts
• Aim for 2-2.5 phút, nếu examiner chưa stop bạn trước 2 phút có nghĩa là bạn nên continue

Part 3 – Thể hiện critical thinking:

• Expect abstract questions liên quan đến Part 2
• Đừng trả lời quá nhanh, take a moment để think: “That’s an interesting question, well…”
• Structure rõ ràng: direct answer → reason 1 + example → reason 2 + example → acknowledge complexity/alternative view
• Show range bằng cách consider multiple perspectives
• Use discourse markers để organize ideas clearly
• Don’t memorize answers – examiners test có thể ask follow-up unexpected
• Nếu không understand câu hỏi, politely ask for clarification: “Sorry, could you rephrase that?” hoặc “Do you mean…?”

Những Điều Cần Tránh

Top mistakes of Vietnamese candidates:

Over-preparation:
Học thuộc templates và answers khiến bạn sound robotic. Examiners được train để nhận ra memorized responses và sẽ penalize. Thay vào đó, chuẩn bị ideas và vocabulary, nhưng express naturally.

Thinking in Vietnamese then translating:
Điều này gây hesitation và awkward phrasing. Practice thinking directly in English bằng cách monologue daily về random topics.

Obsessing over vocabulary:
Using một từ đơn giản correctly tốt hơn misusing một từ phức tạp. Don’t force fancy words nếu bạn không comfortable với chúng. Natural và accurate hơn là impressive và wrong.

Speaking too fast:
Many students race through answers thinking speed equals fluency. Thực tế, fluency là về smooth delivery với appropriate pausing, không phải speed. Speaking slightly slower gives you time to structure sentences better.

Ignoring pronunciation:
Word stress và sentence stress quan trọng như vocabulary. “Record” là danh từ và động từ có stress khác nhau. Practice mimicking native speakers’ intonation patterns.

Not expanding answers:
Especially trong Part 1, many students give one-sentence answers. Always aim for 2-3 sentences: answer + reason/example.

Faking knowledge:
Nếu bạn không biết về một topic cụ thể, thật thà say so nhưng explain why hoặc relate to something tương tự bạn biết. Bịa ra facts có thể lead to follow-up questions expose dishonesty.

Xử Lý Tình Huống Khó

Khi không hiểu câu hỏi:
“I’m sorry, I didn’t quite catch that. Could you repeat the question, please?” hoặc “Could you rephrase that, please?” là hoàn toàn acceptable và không mất điểm.

Khi blank out giữa chừng:

• Dùng fillers tự nhiên: “Let me think about that for a moment…”
• Paraphrase lại ý vừa nói để buy time: “As I was saying…”
• Relate về một angle khác của topic: “Well, from another perspective…”
• Thừa nhận và move on: “Actually, let me think of a better example…”

Khi không biết từ vựng cụ thể:

• Paraphrase: thay vì “sustainable”, có thể nói “good for the environment in the long term”
• Use general terms then add detail: “It’s a type of building design that focuses on…”
• Don’t stop completely để search for từ perfect, keep talking với từ bạn biết

Khi nervous quá:

• Take deep breaths between answers
• Remember examiner đã nghe hundreds of nervous candidates
• Focus on communication thay vì perfection
• Initial nervous là normal, usually fades after Part 1

Khi examiner interrupt:
Trong Part 2, nếu examiner stop bạn đúng 2 phút, đó là điều tốt – nghĩa là bạn đã nói đủ. Đừng cố continue. Trong Part 1 và 3, nếu examiner interrupt, đó là vì they need to move on để cover đủ questions trong time limit, không phải vì bạn sai.

Lời Khuyên Cuối Từ Examiner

Sau 20 năm chấm thi, tôi nhận thấy rằng candidates đạt band cao không phải là những người perfect về mọi mặt. Họ là những người communicate effectively, show range và flexibility trong language use, và demonstrate ability to express và justify opinions clearly.

Điểm then chốt không phải là memorize fancy words hay learn perfect grammar rules. Nó là về developing genuine English communication skills. The best preparation là immerse yourself trong English: watch English content, listen to podcasts, think in English, practice speaking về everyday topics.

Đặc biệt với chủ đề buildings và architecture, hãy genuine với experiences của bạn. Nếu bạn thực sự fascinated bởi một tòa nhà nào đó, passion đó sẽ reflect trong cách bạn speak about it. Authenticity luôn shine through hơn là memorized perfection.

Cuối cùng, remember rằng IELTS Speaking test assesses communication ability, không phải architecture knowledge. Examiner quan tâm đến how you express ideas, không phải what specific building you choose to talk about. Choose topics bạn comfortable và có genuine connection với để showcase language skills tốt nhất của bạn.

Good luck với preparation của bạn, và nhớ rằng consistent practice với real improvement mindset sẽ mang lại kết quả tốt hơn nhiều so với cramming the night before!