IELTS Speaking: Cách Trả Lời “Describe a Building You Admire” – Bài Mẫu Band 6-9

Mở bài

Chủ đề kiến trúc và công trình xây dựng là một trong những đề tài phổ biến và thường xuyên xuất hiện trong bài thi IELTS Speaking, đặc biệt là ở Part 2. Theo thống kê từ các bài thi thực tế trong giai đoạn 2020-2024, chủ đề “Describe A Building You Admire For Its Architecture” xuất hiện với tần suất khá cao, trung bình mỗi quý có khoảng 2-3 đợt thi gặp phải đề này hoặc các biến thể tương tự. Dự đoán khả năng xuất hiện trong tương lai vẫn ở mức cao vì đây là chủ đề liên quan đến văn hóa, nghệ thuật và phát triển đô thị – những lĩnh vực IELTS thường khai thác.

Điều đặc biệt của chủ đề này là nó yêu cầu thí sinh không chỉ mô tả một tòa nhà mà còn phải giải thích được các yếu tố kiến trúc, thẩm mỹ và cảm xúc cá nhân. Nhiều học viên Việt Nam gặp khó khăn vì thiếu từ vựng chuyên ngành kiến trúc hoặc không biết cách diễn đạt những đặc điểm hình thức một cách sinh động.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học được:

• Các câu hỏi thường gặp nhất trong cả 3 Part về chủ đề kiến trúc và công trình
• Bài mẫu chi tiết theo từng band điểm 6-7, 7.5-8, và 8.5-9 với phân tích sâu
• Bộ từ vựng và cụm từ ăn điểm dành riêng cho chủ đề kiến trúc
• Chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả từ góc nhìn Examiner
• Những lỗi phổ biến cần tránh và cách khắc phục

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IELTS Speaking Part 1: Introduction and Interview

Tổng Quan Về Part 1

Part 1 kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi ngắn về cuộc sống hàng ngày và sở thích cá nhân. Đối với chủ đề kiến trúc và công trình, examiner thường hỏi về những tòa nhà bạn thường thấy, ý kiến về kiến trúc hiện đại hay truyền thống.

Chiến lược quan trọng: Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi trong 1-2 câu đầu, sau đó mở rộng bằng lý do hoặc ví dụ cụ thể. Mỗi câu trả lời nên dài 2-3 câu để thể hiện khả năng phát triển ý tưởng.

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Chỉ trả lời Yes/No không giải thích
• Sử dụng từ vựng quá đơn giản (beautiful, nice, good)
• Không có ví dụ cụ thể từ kinh nghiệm bản thân
• Nói quá nhanh vì lo sợ im lặng

Các Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp

Question 1: What kind of buildings do you see most often in your city?

Question 2: Do you prefer modern or traditional architecture?

Question 3: Are there any famous buildings in your hometown?

Question 4: Do you think the design of a building is important?

Question 5: Have you ever visited a building that impressed you?

Question 6: What kind of apartment or house do you want to live in the future?

Question 7: Do you like visiting historical buildings?

Question 8: Should old buildings be preserved or replaced with modern ones?

Phân Tích và Gợi Ý Trả Lời Chi Tiết

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Question: Do you prefer modern or traditional architecture?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Đưa ra preference rõ ràng (modern/traditional/both)
• Giải thích lý do (aesthetic/practical/cultural)
• Thêm ví dụ cụ thể hoặc personal experience

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“I prefer modern architecture because it looks more beautiful and convenient. Modern buildings have good facilities like elevators and air conditioning. For example, the new shopping mall in my city has a nice design with glass walls.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Trả lời trực tiếp, có lý do và ví dụ cụ thể
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng đơn giản (beautiful, nice, good), cấu trúc câu đơn giản, ý tưởng chưa phát triển sâu
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Fluency tốt nhưng lexical resource còn hạn chế, grammatical range chưa đa dạng (chủ yếu simple sentences)

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

“I’m actually drawn to modern architecture more than traditional styles, mainly because of its emphasis on functionality and sustainable design. Contemporary buildings often incorporate eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient systems, which I think are crucial in today’s world. Take the new office complex in District 1, for instance – it features solar panels and vertical gardens that not only look stunning but also reduce the carbon footprint.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh:
  • Vocabulary nâng cao (drawn to, emphasis on functionality, incorporate, carbon footprint)
  • Cấu trúc phức tạp (relative clause, compound sentences)
  • Ý tưởng sâu sắc (liên kết kiến trúc với bảo vệ môi trường)
  • Ví dụ cụ thể và chi tiết
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Fluency: Natural discourse markers (actually, for instance)
  • Vocabulary: Precise và topic-specific (sustainable design, eco-friendly, energy-efficient)
  • Grammar: Complex structures với accuracy cao
  • Coherence: Ý tưởng phát triển logic từ preference → reason → example

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• be drawn to something: bị thu hút bởi cái gì
• emphasis on functionality: nhấn mạnh vào tính năng sử dụng
• incorporate eco-friendly materials: kết hợp vật liệu thân thiện môi trường
• carbon footprint: lượng khí thải carbon
• vertical gardens: vườn dọc, vườn trên tường

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Question: Are there any famous buildings in your hometown?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Nêu tên một tòa nhà cụ thể
• Mô tả ngắn gọn về tòa nhà đó
• Giải thích tại sao nó nổi tiếng

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Yes, there is a famous building in my city called Bitexco Tower. It is very tall and modern. Many tourists come to visit it because it has an observation deck where you can see the whole city.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Trả lời rõ ràng với tên cụ thể, có thông tin về chức năng
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng basic (very tall, modern), thiếu chi tiết về kiến trúc, cấu trúc câu đơn giản
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate response nhưng thiếu sophistication trong vocabulary và development

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

“Absolutely, the most iconic landmark in Ho Chi Minh City has to be the Bitexco Financial Tower. Standing at 262 meters, it’s actually the tallest skyscraper in the city and has become synonymous with the modern skyline. What makes it particularly architecturally significant is its distinctive helipad that protrudes from the 52nd floor, which was inspired by the shape of a lotus bud. It’s not just a commercial hub but also a major tourist attraction with its Saigon Skydeck offering panoramic views of the entire metropolis.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh:
  • Vocabulary tinh vi (iconic landmark, synonymous with, protrudes from, panoramic views)
  • Chi tiết cụ thể (262 meters, 52nd floor, inspired by lotus bud)
  • Cấu trúc đa dạng (relative clauses, passive voice, compound sentences)
  • Ý tưởng phát triển từ general → specific → significance
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Lexical Resource: Precise và less common words (protrudes, metropolis, helipad)
  • Grammar: Variety of complex structures với accuracy
  • Coherence: Smooth flow với appropriate discourse markers
  • Ideas: Detailed và engaging description

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• iconic landmark: công trình biểu tượng
• standing at [height]: có chiều cao là
• synonymous with: gắn liền với, đồng nghĩa với
• protrude from: nhô ra từ
• panoramic views: tầm nhìn toàn cảnh

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Question: Do you think the design of a building is important?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Đưa ra quan điểm rõ ràng (Yes/No/It depends)
• Giải thích importance từ nhiều góc độ (aesthetic/practical/psychological)
• Có thể acknowledge different perspectives

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Yes, I think building design is very important. A good design makes the building look nice and also makes people feel comfortable. Bad design can make people feel stressed when they use the building.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Opinion rõ ràng, có mention về cả aesthetic và comfort
• Hạn chế: Vocabulary repetitive (nice, good, bad), thiếu specific examples, ý tưởng chưa develop deeply
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Basic communication effective nhưng thiếu sophistication

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

“Absolutely, I’d say building design is paramount for several reasons. First and foremost, well-thought-out architecture can significantly enhance people’s well-being and productivity. For instance, buildings with ample natural lighting and proper ventilation create healthier working environments. Beyond functionality, design also reflects cultural identity and can become a source of civic pride. Moreover, in today’s context, sustainable architectural design is crucial for mitigating environmental impact. So it’s not just about aesthetics – it’s about creating spaces that are functional, meaningful, and environmentally responsible.”

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh:
  • Structure logic: Multiple reasons với clear development
  • Vocabulary sophisticated (paramount, well-thought-out, ample, civic pride, mitigating)
  • Ideas multi-dimensional (health, culture, environment)
  • Grammar complex and accurate
• Tại sao Band 8-9:
  • Fluency: Natural với discourse markers (first and foremost, beyond, moreover, so)
  • Vocabulary: Wide range và precise (paramount, enhance well-being, mitigating impact)
  • Grammar: Complex structures (relative clauses, it’s not just about… it’s about…)
  • Content: Sophisticated reasoning showing critical thinking

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• paramount: quan trọng hàng đầu, tối quan trọng
• well-thought-out: được suy nghĩ kỹ lưỡng
• enhance people’s well-being: nâng cao hạnh phúc của con người
• civic pride: niềm tự hào của công dân
• mitigating environmental impact: giảm thiểu tác động môi trường

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IELTS Speaking Part 2: Long Turn (Cue Card)

Tổng Quan Về Part 2

Part 2 là phần độc thoại kéo dài 2-3 phút sau 1 phút chuẩn bị. Đây là phần khó nhất của IELTS Speaking vì yêu cầu bạn duy trì câu chuyện mạch lạc mà không bị ngắt.

Thời gian chuẩn bị: 1 phút – Đừng lãng phí thời gian này! Ghi chú keywords cho từng bullet point, không viết câu hoàn chỉnh.

Thời gian nói: 2-3 phút – Mục tiêu là nói ít nhất 2 phút. Nếu dưới 1.5 phút, band điểm sẽ bị ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng.

Chiến lược:

• Sử dụng đúng thì động từ (thường là quá khứ khi kể về trải nghiệm)
• Cover đầy đủ tất cả bullet points
• Dành nhiều thời gian nhất cho câu “explain” cuối cùng (đây là phần ghi điểm cao)
• Sử dụng linking words để nối ý mượt mà

Lỗi thường gặp:

• Không tận dụng hết 1 phút chuẩn bị để organize ideas
• Nói dưới 1.5 phút hoặc bị mất điểm vì thiếu content
• Bỏ sót bullet points, đặc biệt là bullet cuối cùng
• Nói như đọc thuộc bài, thiếu tự nhiên
• Dùng quá nhiều fillers (uhm, ah, you know)

Cue Card

Describe a building you admire for its architecture

You should say:

• What the building is and where it is located
• What it looks like (its architectural features)
• When you first saw it or visited it
• And explain why you admire its architecture

Phân Tích Đề Bài

Dạng câu hỏi: Describe a place/building – yêu cầu mô tả chi tiết một công trình cụ thể

Thì động từ:

• Hiện tại cho mô tả (The building is located…, It features…)
• Quá khứ cho lần đầu nhìn thấy (I first visited…, I was impressed…)

Bullet points phải cover:

1. What & Where: Tên tòa nhà và vị trí – ngắn gọn, 2-3 câu
2. Architectural features: Mô tả đặc điểm kiến trúc – chi tiết nhất, 30-40% thời gian
3. When you first saw it: Khi nào bạn nhìn thấy lần đầu – ngắn gọn, 2-3 câu
4. Why you admire: Tại sao bạn ngưỡng mộ – quan trọng nhất, 40-50% thời gian

Câu “explain” quan trọng: Đây là phần giúp bạn show off vocabulary, ideas và critical thinking. Đừng chỉ nói “because it’s beautiful” mà phải phân tích sâu về aesthetic values, cultural significance, innovation, emotional impact.

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7

Thời lượng: Khoảng 1.5-2 phút

“I’d like to talk about the Opera House in Sydney, Australia. It’s located near the harbor in Sydney city center. This building is very famous around the world.

The Opera House has a special design. It looks like white shells or sails on the water. The roof is made of many curved parts covered with white tiles. The building is quite big and stands out from other buildings nearby. It has different halls inside for concerts and performances.

I first saw this building about three years ago when I visited Sydney with my family during summer vacation. We took a boat tour around the harbor, so we could see the Opera House from the water. It looked really impressive from that view.

I admire this building’s architecture for several reasons. First, the design is very unique and creative. I had never seen any building like this before. The white color and the curved shape make it look elegant and modern at the same time. Second, the location is perfect because it’s right by the water, which makes the building more beautiful. When I saw it, I felt amazed by how creative the architect was. The Opera House has become a symbol of Sydney and Australia. Many tourists come to see it every year. It’s not just a building for performances, but also a work of art. That’s why I really admire its architecture.”

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	6-7	Mạch lạc, có basic linking words (first, second, because), nhưng còn hesitation và repetition (very, really). Flow tương đối smooth nhưng chưa sophisticated.
Lexical Resource	6-7	Vocabulary adequate (special design, curved, stands out, unique, elegant) nhưng chưa precise. Có less common words nhưng chưa nhiều. Paraphrase còn hạn chế.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	6-7	Mix của simple và complex sentences. Có relative clauses và linking. Một số lỗi nhỏ nhưng không ảnh hưởng communication. Chưa đa dạng structures.
Pronunciation	6-7	Clear và understandable với occasional mispronunciation. Intonation tương đối natural.

Điểm mạnh:

• ✅ Cover đầy đủ tất cả bullet points
• ✅ Có structure rõ ràng, dễ follow
• ✅ Length adequate (gần 2 phút)
• ✅ Personal experience authentic

Hạn chế:

• ⚠️ Vocabulary repetitive (very, really, beautiful) và chưa precise
• ⚠️ Thiếu architectural terminology cụ thể
• ⚠️ Ideas chưa develop deeply, còn general
• ⚠️ Grammar structures chưa đa dạng, chủ yếu simple và compound sentences

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 7.5-8

Thời lượng: Khoảng 2-2.5 phút

“I’d like to describe the Sydney Opera House, which is arguably one of the most iconic architectural masterpieces of the 20th century. It’s situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbor, right at the heart of Australia’s largest city.

What makes this building truly remarkable is its distinctive architectural design. The structure features a series of interlocking shell-like structures that form the roof, which many people compare to billowing sails or seashells. These shells are actually precast concrete sections covered with over one million Swedish-made ceramic tiles that create a stunning chevron pattern. The building comprises multiple performance venues, including a concert hall and drama theatre, all housed under these spectacular shells. The way the building sits on the waterfront creates a dramatic silhouette against the harbor, especially when illuminated at night.

I first encountered this architectural marvel about three years ago during a family trip to Sydney in the summer. We took a harbor cruise that passed right by the Opera House, which gave us the perfect vantage point to appreciate its sculptural quality from different angles. Later, we also walked around the surrounding plaza, which allowed me to see how the building interacts with its environment.

The reason I deeply admire this building’s architecture is multifaceted. Firstly, the design was visionary for its time – designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in the 1950s, it was way ahead of its era in terms of both aesthetics and engineering. The organic shapes break away from the conventional rectangular forms of most buildings, demonstrating remarkable artistic boldness. Secondly, there’s a beautiful harmony between the building and its natural setting. The white shells echo the sails of boats in the harbor, creating a visual dialogue with the maritime environment. Additionally, I’m impressed by how this building has transcended its function as merely a performance venue to become a cultural symbol that represents not just Sydney, but Australian identity itself. The innovative use of geometry and the technical challenges overcome during its construction make it a testament to human creativity and determination.”

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	7.5-8	Speaks fluently với minimal hesitation. Excellent coherence với sophisticated linking (Firstly, Secondly, Additionally). Ideas logically organized và well-developed.
Lexical Resource	7.5-8	Wide range của vocabulary với precision (iconic masterpiece, interlocking, chevron pattern, sculptural quality). Good use of less common words và collocations. Some sophistication.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	7.5-8	Wide range of structures (relative clauses, participle clauses, passive voice) với good control. Mostly error-free. Complex sentences handled well.
Pronunciation	7.5-8	Clear với good rhythm và intonation. Stress và pronunciation mostly accurate. Easy to understand.

So Sánh Với Band 6-7

Khía cạnh	Band 6-7	Band 7.5-8
Vocabulary	“special design”, “curved parts”, “white tiles”	“distinctive architectural design”, “interlocking shell-like structures”, “chevron pattern”, “sculptural quality”
Grammar	“The roof is made of many curved parts” (simple passive)	“The structure features a series of interlocking shell-like structures that form the roof” (complex with relative clause)
Ideas	“The design is very unique”, “makes it look elegant”	“The organic shapes break away from conventional rectangular forms, demonstrating remarkable artistic boldness”, “harmony between the building and its natural setting”
Development	General statements	Specific examples với deeper analysis

Tương tự như describe a famous landmark in your city, việc mô tả chi tiết các đặc điểm kiến trúc độc đáo và ý nghĩa văn hóa của công trình là yếu tố then chốt để đạt band điểm cao trong IELTS Speaking Part 2.

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 8.5-9

Thời lượng: 2.5-3 phút đầy đủ

“I’d like to talk about the Sydney Opera House, which I consider to be one of the most groundbreaking architectural achievements of the modern era. This world-renowned landmark is strategically positioned on Bennelong Point, jutting out into Sydney Harbor, creating an almost ethereal presence on the waterfront.

What’s truly captivating about this building is its radical departure from conventional architectural forms. The structure consists of a series of soaring shell-shaped vaults that seem to defy gravity. These aren’t just arbitrary sculptural elements – they’re actually precision-engineered spherical sections that were revolutionary in their conception. The exterior cladding comprises over one million glossy white and cream ceramic tiles arranged in a distinctive chevron pattern, which creates an ever-changing play of light depending on the time of day and weather conditions. The building’s design ingeniously integrates form and function, housing multiple performance spaces including the Concert Hall and Joan Sutherland Theatre, each with state-of-the-art acoustics. What I find particularly striking is how the podium, with its monumental granite-clad steps, anchors the building to its site while the shells seem to soar skyward, creating a dynamic tension between earth and sky.

I was first exposed to this architectural marvel about three years ago during a summer sojourn in Sydney with my family. We were fortunate enough to experience it from multiple perspectives – first from the water during a harbor cruise, where the building’s sculptural qualities were most apparent, then up close as we traversed the expansive forecourt. The experience was utterly transformative; seeing photographs simply doesn’t do justice to the building’s visceral impact when you’re actually in its presence.

My admiration for this building’s architecture operates on several levels. From a purely aesthetic standpoint, it represents a paradigmatic shift in architectural thinking. Danish architect Jørn Utzon’s vision was audaciously original for the 1950s – he eschewed the rectilinear geometry that dominated modernist architecture and instead embraced organic, expressionist forms that were unprecedented in large-scale civic buildings. The design embodies a rare synthesis of artistic vision and engineering prowess. What’s remarkable is that Utzon conceived this design before computer-aided design existed, relying purely on geometric principles to solve structural challenges that seemed insurmountable at the time.

Beyond its formal innovations, what resonates with me is the building’s profound contextual sensitivity. The shell forms deliberately echo the billowing sails of yachts that populate Sydney Harbor, establishing a poetic dialogue between architecture and its maritime setting. This isn’t mere mimicry – it’s a sophisticated architectural metaphor that grounds the building in its specific place and culture. The building has transcended its utilitarian function to become a potent symbol of cultural identity, not just for Sydney but for Australia as a whole. It encapsulates the nation’s progressive spirit and creative ambitions.

Moreover, I’m deeply impressed by the building’s enduring relevance. Despite being completed over five decades ago, it still feels contemporary and forward-thinking. This timeless quality is the hallmark of truly great architecture. The Opera House has also demonstrated how visionary architecture can become an economic catalyst, drawing millions of visitors and significantly contributing to the city’s cultural and economic vitality. It’s a compelling testament to the transformative power of architecture – when done with courage, creativity, and conviction, a building can elevate the human spirit and redefine an entire city’s identity.”

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	8.5-9	Speaks fluently và coherently với virtually no hesitation. Sophisticated discourse markers và cohesive devices. Ideas seamlessly connected với excellent logical flow. Natural và effortless delivery.
Lexical Resource	8.5-9	Sophisticated vocabulary với precision (groundbreaking, ethereal, defy gravity, eschewed, paradigmatic shift, visceral impact). Wide range of idiomatic expressions. Paraphrasing skillful. Collocations natural và accurate.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	8.5-9	Full range of structures với flexibility và accuracy. Complex sentences handled với complete control. Virtually error-free. Advanced structures (inversion, cleft sentences, participle phrases) used naturally.
Pronunciation	8.5-9	Fully understandable với native-like rhythm, stress và intonation. Pronunciation features enhance communication. Completely natural delivery.

Tại Sao Bài Này Xuất Sắc

🎯 Fluency Hoàn Hảo:

• Speaks continuously for full duration without noticeable hesitation
• Natural pauses for effect, not because of searching for words
• Sophisticated discourse markers create seamless transitions (Beyond its formal innovations, Moreover, From a purely aesthetic standpoint)

📚 Vocabulary Tinh Vi:

• “radical departure from conventional forms” vs simple “different design” – shows sophistication
• “defying gravity” – idiomatic expression adding color
• “eschewed the rectilinear geometry” – academic precision thay vì “didn’t use squares”
• “paradigmatic shift” – advanced terminology showing depth
• “visceral impact” – sophisticated expression of emotional response
• “poetic dialogue” – metaphorical language elevating description

📝 Grammar Đa Dạng:

• Complex relative clauses: “which I consider to be one of the most groundbreaking achievements”
• Participle phrases: “jutting out into Sydney Harbor, creating an almost ethereal presence”
• Inversion for emphasis: “What’s truly captivating about this building is…”
• Cleft sentences: “What I find particularly striking is how…”
• Passive constructions: “were exposed to”, “is strategically positioned”
• Abstract noun phrases: “the transformative power of architecture”

💡 Ideas Sâu Sắc:

• Không chỉ describe mà analyze và evaluate
• Multiple dimensions: aesthetic, technical, cultural, economic
• Historical context (1950s innovation, before CAD)
• Sophisticated concepts (paradigmatic shift, contextual sensitivity, architectural metaphor)
• Personal reflection combined with objective analysis
• Long-term impact và timeless quality

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Follow-up Questions (Rounding Off Questions)

Sau khi bạn kết thúc phần độc thoại Part 2, examiner thường hỏi 1-2 câu ngắn để transition sang Part 3. Đây là những câu hỏi đơn giản liên quan trực tiếp đến những gì bạn vừa nói.

Question 1: Have you been inside that building?

Band 6-7 Answer:
“Yes, I went inside during my visit. We took a guided tour and saw the concert hall. It was very impressive inside with good acoustics.”

Band 8-9 Answer:
“Yes, I was fortunate enough to take a guided tour of the interior spaces. The Concert Hall was particularly breathtaking with its dramatic vaulted ceiling and exceptional acoustic design. What struck me most was how the interior architecture maintained the same sculptural language as the exterior, creating a cohesive aesthetic experience throughout.”

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Question 2: Would you like to see more buildings by the same architect?

Band 6-7 Answer:
“Yes, definitely. I think the architect is very talented and creative. I would like to visit other buildings he designed to see his other works.”

Band 8-9 Answer:
“Absolutely, I’d be fascinated to explore Jørn Utzon’s other works, though sadly the Sydney Opera House remains his most celebrated project. I’m particularly interested in his later residential designs in Denmark and Spain, where he apparently continued to explore organic forms and the relationship between architecture and landscape. His architectural philosophy of creating buildings that harmonize with their environment is something I find deeply compelling.”

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IELTS Speaking Part 3: Two-way Discussion

Tổng Quan Về Part 3

Part 3 kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi abstract và analytical về chủ đề đã thảo luận ở Part 2. Đây là phần khó nhất vì yêu cầu critical thinking và khả năng discuss từ nhiều góc độ.

Đặc điểm:

• Câu hỏi trừu tượng, mang tính xã hội
• Yêu cầu compare, analyze, speculate, evaluate
• Không còn về personal experience mà về general issues
• Examiner có thể challenge opinions của bạn

Yêu cầu:

• Trả lời dài hơn Part 1 (4-6 câu)
• Phân tích nhiều góc độ (advantages/disadvantages, causes/effects)
• Support opinions bằng reasons và examples từ society
• Show ability to discuss complex ideas

Chiến lược:

• Sử dụng discourse markers để organize ideas (Well, Actually, On the one hand)
• Acknowledge complexity (It’s a complex issue, It depends on various factors)
• Give balanced views (While X is true, we should also consider Y)
• Use tentative language (I would say, It seems that, To some extent)

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Trả lời quá ngắn như Part 1
• Không phân tích sâu, chỉ nêu opinion surface-level
• Thiếu examples cụ thể từ society/world
• Không đủ từ vựng abstract và academic
• Không acknowledge different perspectives

Các Câu Hỏi Thảo Luận Sâu

Theme 1: Modern vs Traditional Architecture

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Question 1: Why do you think modern buildings often look similar in different countries?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Cause/Reason – yêu cầu giải thích nguyên nhân
• Key words: modern buildings, look similar, different countries
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • Identify main causes (globalization, construction technology, international architects)
  • Explain each cause với supporting details
  • Có thể mention consequences hoặc your opinion

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“I think modern buildings look similar everywhere because of globalization. Architects share ideas through the internet and international conferences. Also, construction companies use the same materials and technology around the world. For example, glass and steel are common materials for modern buildings in most cities. This makes buildings look the same whether they are in Asia, Europe or America.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Direct answer → Reasons (2) → Example → Conclusion
• Vocabulary: Basic (globalization, share ideas, common materials)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Ideas relevant nhưng chưa developed deeply, vocabulary adequate nhưng chưa sophisticated, lack của critical analysis

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“Well, I’d say there are several interconnected factors contributing to this architectural homogeneity. First and foremost, globalization has led to the proliferation of what we might call ‘international style’ architecture – characterized by glass curtain walls, steel frames, and minimalist aesthetics. This style has been disseminated globally through architectural education and practice, with many architects trained in Western institutions and subsequently applying similar design principles regardless of location.

Moreover, there’s a commercial dimension to this phenomenon. Multinational corporations often prefer standardized building designs that project a consistent brand image across different markets. Think of how corporate headquarters or luxury hotel chains tend to adopt similar architectural languages worldwide – it’s a strategic branding decision.

The technological factor is also significant. Construction methodologies and building materials have become increasingly standardized globally. The widespread availability of materials like glass, steel, and concrete means that architects worldwide are working with essentially the same palette, which inevitably leads to similar outcomes.

However, I think it’s worth noting that this trend toward uniformity has sparked a counter-movement. We’re seeing growing interest in regionalist architecture that responds to local climate, culture, and materials. So while the dominant paradigm remains relatively homogeneous, there are encouraging signs of architectural diversity re-emerging.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Well-organized với clear progression: Direct answer → Factor 1 (cultural) + detail → Factor 2 (commercial) + example → Factor 3 (technological) + explanation → Nuanced conclusion showing critical thinking
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated và precise (architectural homogeneity, proliferation, disseminated, standardized, palette, paradigm)
• Grammar: Complex structures: passive voice (has been disseminated), participle phrases (characterized by), relative clauses (that respond to)
• Critical Thinking: Multi-dimensional analysis, acknowledges counter-trends, shows balanced perspective

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: First and foremost, Moreover, However, So while
• Tentative language: I’d say, I think it’s worth noting, might call
• Cause-effect language: contributing to, has led to, inevitably leads to
• Abstract nouns: homogeneity, proliferation, phenomenon, paradigm

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Question 2: Should governments invest more money in preserving historical buildings?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Opinion/Should question – yêu cầu đưa ra quan điểm có nên hay không
• Key words: governments, invest, preserving, historical buildings
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • State your position clearly (Yes/No/Qualified yes)
  • Give multiple reasons supporting your view
  • Acknowledge opposing viewpoint
  • Provide specific examples or evidence

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Yes, I think governments should spend more money on old buildings. Historical buildings are important for tourism and cultural identity. Many tourists visit cities to see old architecture. Also, these buildings teach us about history and our culture. However, governments also need to spend money on other things like hospitals and schools, so they need to balance the budget carefully.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Clear opinion → Reasons (tourism, culture) → Acknowledgment of constraints
• Vocabulary: Basic (old buildings, important, teach us about)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Opinion clear và supported nhưng development limited, vocabulary adequate but not sophisticated, basic acknowledgment của complexity

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“To a large extent, yes, though I think this investment needs to be strategic rather than indiscriminate. Historical buildings represent tangible links to our past and play a crucial role in maintaining cultural continuity. They’re not merely aesthetic artifacts but repositories of collective memory that help communities understand their identity and heritage.

From an economic perspective, preserving architectural heritage can be highly lucrative. Heritage tourism is a massive industry globally, and well-preserved historic districts often become significant economic assets, generating revenue through tourism while creating jobs in conservation, hospitality, and related sectors. Cities like Prague or Kyoto have effectively leveraged their architectural heritage for economic benefit while maintaining cultural authenticity.

That said, I don’t think it should be an absolute priority at the expense of other critical needs. Governments need to strike a balance between heritage preservation and contemporary infrastructure development. In developing nations particularly, where resources are scarce, there may be legitimate tensions between investing in healthcare or education versus restoring historical monuments.

Perhaps the optimal approach is to prioritize buildings with the most historical significance or those that are structurally endangered, while also exploring public-private partnerships where the private sector can contribute to restoration efforts in exchange for commercial benefits – such as converting preserved buildings into boutique hotels or cultural venues. This way, heritage preservation becomes economically sustainable rather than a perpetual drain on public finances.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Qualified agreement → Cultural rationale → Economic argument với examples → Balanced perspective (acknowledging constraints) → Sophisticated solution showing critical thinking
• Vocabulary: Precise và academic (tangible links, repositories of collective memory, economic assets, leverage, at the expense of, perpetual drain)
• Grammar: Full range including conditionals, relative clauses, participle phrases, abstract noun phrases
• Critical Thinking: Multi-dimensional (cultural, economic, practical), acknowledges complexity, proposes nuanced solution, shows ability to weigh competing priorities

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: To a large extent, From an economic perspective, That said, Perhaps
• Tentative/Hedging language: I think, may be, perhaps the optimal approach
• Contrasting ideas: though, while, rather than, versus
• Academic expressions: plays a crucial role, strike a balance, exploring partnerships

Đối với những ai quan tâm đến describe a person who inspired you to do something interesting, việc học cách phân tích sâu sắc và đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng trong Part 3 cũng quan trọng như việc kể câu chuyện sinh động trong Part 2.

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Theme 2: Impact of Architecture on People

Question 3: How does the design of buildings affect people’s mood and productivity?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: How/Effect question – yêu cầu giải thích effect và mechanism
• Key words: design of buildings, affect, mood, productivity
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • Explain the psychological connection
  • Discuss specific design elements (light, space, color)
  • Provide concrete examples or research findings
  • May discuss both positive and negative impacts

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Building design has a big effect on how people feel and work. For example, buildings with lots of natural light make people feel happier and more energetic. Dark buildings can make people feel sad or tired. Also, if a building has open space, people can work better because they feel comfortable. Colors are important too – bright colors can make people feel active while dark colors might make them feel stressed.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: General statement → Examples (light, space, color)
• Vocabulary: Basic (big effect, feel happier, work better)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Ideas relevant nhưng surface-level, lack của specific terminology hoặc research references

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“This is actually a fascinating area that’s received considerable attention from environmental psychologists and architects in recent years. The built environment has a profound impact on human psychology and performance through several interconnected mechanisms.

Perhaps most significantly, lighting conditions play a crucial role. Abundant natural light has been scientifically proven to regulate circadian rhythms, boost serotonin levels, and enhance alertness. Studies have shown that office workers in buildings with ample daylight exposure report higher job satisfaction and demonstrate measurably better productivity compared to those in artificially lit environments. This is why we’re seeing a design trend toward floor-to-ceiling windows and skylights in modern workplaces.

Spatial configuration is equally important. Open, airy spaces with high ceilings tend to promote creative thinking and generate feelings of freedom, while cramped, confined spaces can induce stress and anxiety. There’s also the concept of biophilic design – incorporating natural elements like plants, water features, and natural materials into buildings. Research indicates this can reduce stress levels, lower blood pressure, and improve cognitive function.

Color psychology is another dimension worth considering. Warm tones like yellow and orange can stimulate energy and optimism, making them suitable for collaborative spaces, while cooler hues like blue and green are associated with calm and focus, making them ideal for spaces requiring concentration.

That said, the effect isn’t universal – cultural backgrounds, individual preferences, and the specific nature of work all mediate how people respond to architectural features. What’s optimal for a creative agency might be completely inappropriate for a legal firm. Nevertheless, the underlying principle remains: thoughtful architectural design that prioritizes human well-being can significantly enhance both emotional states and work performance.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Introduction acknowledging complexity → Factor 1 (lighting) với research evidence → Factor 2 (spatial) với explanation → Factor 3 (color) → Nuanced conclusion about individual differences
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated scientific terminology (circadian rhythms, biophilic design, cognitive function, mediate)
• Grammar: Complex academic structures, passive voice (has been proven, is worth considering), participle phrases
• Critical Thinking: Evidence-based reasoning, multiple dimensions analyzed, acknowledges variability, synthesizes information

💡 Key Language Features:

• Academic hedging: Perhaps most significantly, tend to, can reduce
• Causation: play a crucial role, induce stress, enhance performance
• Research references: Studies have shown, Research indicates, scientifically proven
• Sophisticated connections: through several mechanisms, This is why, That said, Nevertheless

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Question 4: Do you think people should have more say in how buildings are designed in their communities?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Opinion với discussion của democratic participation
• Key words: people, more say, buildings designed, communities
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • State position
  • Discuss benefits của public participation
  • Acknowledge challenges or limitations
  • Provide balanced conclusion

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Yes, I think local people should have a voice in building design. After all, they live in the community and will use these buildings. If people can give their opinions, architects can design buildings that better meet local needs. However, regular people might not understand technical aspects of architecture, so we still need professional architects to make the final decisions. Maybe a good solution is to have public meetings where architects listen to community ideas.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Opinion → Reason → Limitation → Solution
• Vocabulary: Basic (have a voice, meet local needs, final decisions)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Balanced view nhưng chưa deeply analyzed, ideas relevant but straightforward

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“I believe there’s a compelling case for greater public participation in architectural decisions, though it needs to be structured thoughtfully to be effective. At its core, architecture shapes the physical and social fabric of communities, so those who’ll inhabit these spaces daily should have some meaningful input into their design.

From a democratic standpoint, inclusive design processes can lead to buildings that better reflect community values and address genuine needs rather than imposed visions that may be aesthetically ambitious but functionally inappropriate. Community engagement can surface local knowledge about usage patterns, cultural preferences, and practical requirements that architects working from the outside might miss. For instance, participatory design projects in neighborhoods like Medellin, Colombia have resulted in public spaces that are genuinely embraced by residents because they were co-created with them.

However, direct democracy in design presents practical challenges. Architecture requires specialized expertise – structural engineering, building codes, environmental regulations – that the general public understandably lacks. There’s also the risk of design by committee producing aesthetically compromised or overly conservative outcomes, as collective decision-making often gravitates toward the lowest common denominator.

Perhaps the optimal model is what we might call ‘informed consultation’ – establishing mechanisms for genuine community dialogue early in the design process, where residents can articulate priorities and voice concerns, which professional architects then translate into designs that balance public wishes with technical requirements and broader urban planning goals. This hybrid approach preserves professional expertise while ensuring that buildings serve their communities meaningfully rather than becoming architectural ego projects.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Qualified support → Democratic rationale với example → Practical challenges → Sophisticated solution balancing both sides
• Vocabulary: Advanced (compelling case, social fabric, imposed visions, design by committee, lowest common denominator, ego projects)
• Grammar: Full range including relative clauses, participle phrases, passive constructions, cleft sentences
• Critical Thinking: Multi-dimensional analysis (democratic, practical, aesthetic), real-world example, acknowledges tensions, proposes nuanced compromise

💡 Key Language Features:

• Academic expressions: At its core, From a democratic standpoint, presents challenges, optimal model
• Balanced language: However, though, while, rather than
• Process language: establishing mechanisms, translate into, balance with
• Evaluative language: compelling case, genuinely embraced, meaningfully

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Theme 3: Future Trends in Architecture

Question 5: What role will technology play in future building design?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Future prediction/Speculation
• Key words: technology, future, building design
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • Discuss current emerging technologies
  • Speculate about future developments
  • Consider implications (benefits and concerns)
  • Use appropriate future forms and speculative language

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“I think technology will be very important for future buildings. We will probably see more smart buildings that can control temperature and lighting automatically. Also, architects will use computer programs to design buildings more easily. Maybe buildings will use more solar panels and green technology to save energy. In the future, we might even see buildings made with 3D printing technology, which could make construction faster and cheaper.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: General prediction → Examples (smart buildings, CAD, green tech, 3D printing)
• Vocabulary: Basic (very important, control automatically, save energy)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Relevant ideas nhưng limited development, basic future forms (will, might), lack của sophisticated speculation

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“I’d say we’re on the cusp of a technological revolution in architecture that will fundamentally transform not just how buildings are designed, but what they’re capable of doing. Several emerging trends are particularly noteworthy.

First, artificial intelligence and computational design are set to become integral to the design process. AI algorithms can now generate thousands of design variations based on specified parameters – optimizing for factors like structural efficiency, energy performance, and aesthetic criteria simultaneously. This doesn’t replace human architects but rather augments their capabilities, allowing them to explore design possibilities that would be prohibitively time-consuming to investigate manually.

Second, we’re likely to see widespread adoption of smart building systems that go far beyond simple automation. Future buildings will essentially become intelligent ecosystems with integrated sensor networks that continuously monitor and adjust everything from air quality and thermal comfort to space utilization. These buildings will learn from usage patterns and optimize themselves over time, dramatically reducing energy consumption while enhancing occupant comfort.

Another transformative technology is advanced materials science. We’re already seeing self-healing concrete, transparent solar panels, and phase-change materials that regulate temperature. Looking ahead, we might see buildings constructed from carbon-negative materials that actually absorb CO2, or programmable materials that can alter their properties in response to environmental conditions.

Perhaps most radically, additive manufacturing – essentially 3D printing at architectural scale – could revolutionize construction. This technology promises to reduce waste, lower costs, and enable complex geometries that are currently impractical with conventional construction methods. We’re already seeing experimental 3D-printed houses; within a decade or two, this could become mainstream practice.

That said, technology should serve human needs rather than become an end in itself. The challenge will be ensuring that these technological advances make buildings more sustainable, accessible, and humanely designed, rather than creating high-tech spaces that are alienating or resource-intensive to maintain.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Strong opening assertion → Technology 1 (AI) với explanation → Technology 2 (smart systems) → Technology 3 (materials) → Technology 4 (3D printing) → Thoughtful caveat về human-centered design
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated technical terminology (on the cusp of, computational design, augments, ecosystems, carbon-negative, additive manufacturing)
• Grammar: Variety của future forms (will become, are set to, are likely to see, might see, could revolutionize), complex structures
• Critical Thinking: Multiple specific technologies discussed với implications, real-world examples, balanced with human concerns

💡 Key Language Features:

• Future speculation: are set to, are likely to, we might see, could become, promises to
• Technical vocabulary: AI algorithms, sensor networks, phase-change materials, additive manufacturing
• Evaluative language: fundamentally transform, particularly noteworthy, most radically, That said
• Sophisticated connections: This doesn’t replace but rather augments, go far beyond, rather than

Tương tự như việc phân tích trong describe a person who is an expert in a particular field, khi thảo luận về công nghệ và kiến trúc trong Part 3, bạn cần thể hiện kiến thức chuyên sâu và khả năng dự đoán xu hướng dựa trên bằng chứng hiện tại.

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Question 6: How might climate change affect architectural design in the coming decades?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: How/Future impact question
• Key words: climate change, affect, architectural design, coming decades
• Cách tiếp cận:
  • Identify climate challenges (heat, flooding, storms)
  • Explain design responses to each
  • Discuss broader shift in design philosophy
  • Consider regional variations

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

“Climate change will probably force architects to design buildings differently. Buildings will need to handle extreme weather like heat waves and floods. Architects might design buildings with better cooling systems and stronger materials to resist storms. Also, there will be more focus on using renewable energy like solar power. In coastal areas, buildings might need to be built higher to avoid flooding from rising sea levels.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: General prediction → Adaptations (cooling, strong materials, renewable energy, elevation)
• Vocabulary: Basic (handle extreme weather, better cooling, rising sea levels)
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Relevant ideas nhưng limited development, lacks sophistication trong terminology và analysis

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8.5-9:

“Climate change is poised to become the defining challenge for architecture in the 21st century, necessitating a fundamental rethinking of design principles. We’re likely to see several significant shifts.

First and foremost, there’ll be intensified focus on climate resilience and passive design strategies. As extreme heat events become more frequent, architects will increasingly prioritize natural ventilation, thermal mass, and strategic shading over energy-intensive air conditioning. We’re already seeing a revival of vernacular design principles that proved effective in pre-industrial times – think of Middle Eastern wind towers or Mediterranean courtyards – now being reinterpreted through modern technology.

Flood resilience will become paramount, particularly in coastal and riverine areas. This means elevated structures, amphibious architecture that can float during floods, and permeable surfaces that facilitate water drainage rather than channeling it into overwhelmed stormwater systems. The Netherlands has been pioneering this approach with water-adaptive buildings and entire neighborhoods designed to coexist with water rather than fight against it.

We’ll also see a dramatic acceleration toward net-zero and even carbon-negative buildings. This goes beyond simply installing solar panels – it involves holistic design considering embodied carbon in materials, circular construction methods that minimize waste, and integration of green infrastructure like rooftop gardens and living walls that actively sequester carbon.

Material selection will undergo transformation as well. We’re likely to see increased use of timber in high-rise construction – cross-laminated timber can actually store carbon and has superior seismic performance. Conversely, we might see reduced use of cement-based concrete, which has a massive carbon footprint, unless carbon-capture technologies become more viable.

Regionally, responses will necessarily vary. Equatorial regions might gravitate toward highly insulated buildings with minimal glazing and advanced shading systems, while northern latitudes might focus on maximizing solar gain and super-insulation to reduce heating demands. Arid regions will prioritize water conservation with rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems becoming standard features.

Perhaps most profoundly, climate change will compel a shift from architecture as individual statements to architecture as part of ecological systems. Buildings will need to be conceived not as isolated objects but as participants in larger urban ecosystems, contributing to rather than detracting from environmental health.”

Phân tích:

• Structure: Opening establishes significance → Adaptation 1 (passive design) với examples → Adaptation 2 (flood) với real example → Adaptation 3 (carbon) → Materials innovation → Regional variations → Philosophical conclusion về paradigm shift
• Vocabulary: Highly sophisticated (poised to, necessitating, vernacular design, embodied carbon, circular construction, sequester carbon, super-insulation)
• Grammar: Full range including passive voice, participle phrases, relative clauses, gerunds as subjects
• Critical Thinking: Comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis, specific examples từ different regions, acknowledges complexity, synthesizes technical và philosophical dimensions

💡 Key Language Features:

• Future prediction language: is poised to, we’re likely to see, will undergo, might see
• Cause-effect: necessitating, this means, this goes beyond, will compel
• Technical terminology: passive design, thermal mass, embodied carbon, cross-laminated timber
• Sophisticated expressions: revival of principles, dramatic acceleration toward, paradigm shift

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Từ vựng và cụm từ quan trọng

Topic-Specific Vocabulary

Từ vựng/Cụm từ	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ	Collocation
architectural masterpiece	noun phrase	/ˌɑːrkɪˈtektʃərəl ˈmɑːstərpiːs/	kiệt tác kiến trúc	The Sydney Opera House is considered an architectural masterpiece.	iconic/renowned/celebrated architectural masterpiece
distinctive design	noun phrase	/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv dɪˈzaɪn/	thiết kế đặc trưng, độc đáo	The building has a distinctive design that makes it instantly recognizable.	highly/remarkably/truly distinctive design
iconic landmark	noun phrase	/aɪˈkɒnɪk ˈlændmɑːrk/	công trình biểu tượng	The Eiffel Tower is Paris’s most iconic landmark.	world-famous/historic/architectural iconic landmark
structural integrity	noun phrase	/ˈstrʌktʃərəl ɪnˈteɡrəti/	tính toàn vẹn kết cấu	Engineers must ensure the structural integrity of tall buildings.	maintain/compromise/ensure structural integrity
sustainable design	noun phrase	/səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈzaɪn/	thiết kế bền vững	Modern architects prioritize sustainable design to reduce environmental impact.	environmentally/ecologically sustainable design
facade	noun	/fəˈsɑːd/	mặt tiền	The building’s glass facade reflects sunlight beautifully.	glass/stone/modern facade
incorporate	verb	/ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/	kết hợp, tích hợp	The architect incorporated traditional elements into the modern design.	incorporate features/elements/technology
enhance	verb	/ɪnˈhɑːns/	nâng cao, làm tăng	Good lighting can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building.	enhance beauty/functionality/value
aesthetic appeal	noun phrase	/esˈθetɪk əˈpiːl/	tính thẩm mỹ, sức hấp dẫn về mặt hình thức	The building’s aesthetic appeal attracts many visitors.	visual/strong/timeless aesthetic appeal
cutting-edge	adjective	/ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/	tiên tiến nhất, hiện đại nhất	The building uses cutting-edge construction technology.	cutting-edge design/technology/architecture
monumental	adjective	/ˌmɒnjuˈmentl/	hoành tráng, to lớn	The cathedral has a monumental presence in the city center.	monumental scale/structure/architecture
intricate	adjective	/ˈɪntrɪkət/	phức tạp, tinh xảo	The palace features intricate decorative details.	intricate design/patterns/carvings
renovate	verb	/ˈrenəveɪt/	cải tạo, đổi mới	The city plans to renovate several historic buildings.	renovate completely/extensively/carefully
preserve	verb	/prɪˈzɜːrv/	bảo tồn, giữ gìn	We should preserve historical buildings for future generations.	preserve heritage/buildings/architecture
skyline	noun	/ˈskaɪlaɪn/	đường chân trời (của thành phố)	The new skyscraper transformed the city’s skyline.	urban/city/modern skyline
vaulted ceiling	noun phrase	/ˈvɔːltɪd ˈsiːlɪŋ/	trần vòm	The church’s vaulted ceiling creates a sense of grandeur.	high/arched/magnificent vaulted ceiling
environmentally friendly	adjective	/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentli ˈfrendli/	thân thiện với môi trường	The building uses environmentally friendly materials.	environmentally friendly design/practices/technology
defy gravity	idiom	/dɪˈfaɪ ˈɡrævəti/	thách thức trọng lực, có vẻ như không tuân theo luật vật lý	The cantilevered structure seems to defy gravity.	appear to/seem to defy gravity

Idiomatic Expressions & Advanced Phrases

Cụm từ	Nghĩa	Ví dụ sử dụng	Band điểm
break new ground	tạo ra đột phá, tiên phong	The architect broke new ground with this innovative design.	7.5-9
a feast for the eyes	một thú thị giác, đẹp mắt	The ornate interior is a feast for the eyes.	7.5-8
stand the test of time	tồn tại qua thời gian, bền vững	Classical architecture tends to stand the test of time.	7.5-8
push the boundaries	vượt qua giới hạn, thách thức	Modern architects constantly push the boundaries of design.	7.5-9
marry form and function	kết hợp hình thức và chức năng	Great architecture marries form and function seamlessly.	8-9
a testament to	minh chứng cho	This building is a testament to human ingenuity.	7.5-8.5
at the cutting edge	ở vị trí tiên tiến nhất	The firm is at the cutting edge of sustainable architecture.	7.5-8.5
breathtaking	ngoạn mục, đẹp đến nín thở	The view from the observation deck is breathtaking.	7-8
visually striking	gây ấn tượng về mặt hình ảnh	The contrast creates a visually striking effect.	7.5-8
architectural gem	viên ngọc kiến trúc	The small chapel is an architectural gem hidden in the old town.	7.5-8
dominate the skyline	chiếm ưu thế trên đường chân trời	The cathedral’s spire dominates the city skyline.	7.5-8
blend seamlessly	hòa quyện một cách mượt mà	The new extension blends seamlessly with the historic building.	8-9

Khi thảo luận về kiến trúc, bạn cũng có thể áp dụng các kỹ năng tương tự như trong describe a person who is very tech-savvy để giải thích cách công nghệ được tích hợp vào thiết kế hiện đại.

Discourse Markers (Từ Nối Ý Trong Speaking)

Để bắt đầu câu trả lời:

• 📝 Well,… – Sử dụng khi cần một chút thời gian để sắp xếp suy nghĩ
• 📝 Actually,… – Khi đưa ra góc nhìn khác hoặc thông tin bất ngờ
• 📝 To be honest,… – Khi nói thật về suy nghĩ cá nhân
• 📝 I’d say that… – Cách lịch sự đưa ra quan điểm
• 📝 From my perspective,… – Nhấn mạnh đây là quan điểm cá nhân

Để bổ sung ý:

• 📝 On top of that,… – Thêm vào đó, hơn nữa
• 📝 What’s more,… – Hơn nữa, ngoài ra
• 📝 Not to mention… – Chưa kể đến
• 📝 Additionally,… – Thêm vào đó
• 📝 Moreover,… – Hơn nữa (formal)

Để đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng:

• 📝 On the one hand,… On the other hand,… – Một mặt… mặt khác…
• 📝 While it’s true that…, we also need to consider… – Mặc dù đúng là… nhưng ta cũng cần xem xét…
• 📝 That said,… – Tuy nhiên, điều đó nói lên rằng…
• 📝 Having said that,… – Sau khi nói điều đó thì…

Để kết luận:

• 📝 All in all,… – Tóm lại, nhìn chung
• 📝 At the end of the day,… – Cuối cùng thì, xét cho cùng
• 📝 In the final analysis,… – Xét về mặt cuối cùng
• 📝 To sum up,… – Tóm lại

Grammatical Structures Ấn Tượng

1. Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện):

Mixed conditional (Type 3 + Type 2):

• Formula: If + past perfect, would + infinitive
• Ví dụ: “If the architect had incorporated more natural light, the building would feel more welcoming today.”

Inversion for emphasis:

• Formula: Had + subject + past participle, subject + would have…
• Ví dụ: “Had they considered environmental impact, they would have chosen different materials.”

2. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ):

Non-defining relative clauses:

• Formula: …, which + verb…
• Ví dụ: “The Opera House, which was designed by Jørn Utzon, took 14 years to complete.”

Reduced relative clauses:

• Formula: … participle phrase…
• Ví dụ: “The building standing on the hill dominates the entire valley.”

3. Passive Voice (Câu bị động):

Impersonal passive structures:

• It is thought/believed/said that…
• Ví dụ: “It is widely believed that sustainable architecture will become the norm.”
• The building is said to be/The structure is considered to be…
• Ví dụ: “The cathedral is considered to be one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture.”

4. Cleft Sentences (Câu chẻ):

What-cleft:

• What I find most… is…
• Ví dụ: “What I find most impressive about this building is how it integrates with the landscape.”

It-cleft:

• The thing that… is…
• Ví dụ: “The thing that really stands out is the innovative use of recycled materials.”

5. Inversion Structures:

Not only… but also (inverted):

• Ví dụ: “Not only does the building provide functional space, but it also serves as a cultural icon.”

Rarely/Seldom at the beginning:

• Ví dụ: “Rarely have I seen such a harmonious blend of old and new architecture.”

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Với những kiến thức và kỹ năng được chia sẻ trong bài viết này, bạn đã có đầy đủ công cụ để tự tin đối mặt với chủ đề “describe a building you admire for its architecture” trong kỳ thi IELTS Speaking. Hãy nhớ rằng, điều quan trọng nhất không phải là học thuộc lòng các câu trả lời mẫu, mà là hiểu được cách xây dựng câu trả lời logic, sử dụng từ vựng chính xác và phát triển ý tưởng một cách tự nhiên.

Thực hành thường xuyên với các đề tài kiến trúc khác nhau, ghi âm lại câu trả lời của mình và so sánh với các tiêu chí band descriptors. Đừng ngại mắc lỗi trong quá trình luyện tập – đó chính là cách bạn tiến bộ. Chúc bạn đạt được band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS Speaking.