IELTS Speaking: Cách Trả Lời Chủ Đề “Describe A New Technology” – Bài Mẫu Band 6-9

Trong những năm gần đây, chủ đề công nghệ đã trở thành một trong những topic phổ biến nhất trong kỳ thi IELTS Speaking. Đặc biệt, đề bài “Describe A New Technology That Has Improved Your Daily Life” xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong các kỳ thi từ 2022 đến 2024, và được dự đoán sẽ tiếp tục là chủ đề nóng trong tương lai gần.

Chủ đề này thực sự quan trọng vì nó không chỉ kiểm tra khả năng sử dụng từ vựng chuyên ngành công nghệ mà còn đánh giá khả năng diễn đạt về tác động của công nghệ đến cuộc sống cá nhân và xã hội. Theo thống kê từ các trung tâm thi IELTS lớn tại Việt Nam, đề này xuất hiện với tần suất trung bình đến cao, khoảng 2-3 lần mỗi quý trong các kỳ thi.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học được:

• 10 câu hỏi thường gặp nhất về công nghệ trong cả 3 phần thi
• Bài mẫu chi tiết theo từng band điểm 6-7, 7.5-8, và 8.5-9 với phân tích sâu
• Hơn 50 từ vựng và cụm từ ăn điểm liên quan đến công nghệ
• Chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả từ góc nhìn của một Examiner chính thức
• Những lỗi phổ biến nhất của thí sinh Việt Nam và cách khắc phục

IELTS Speaking Part 1: Introduction and Interview

Tổng Quan Về Part 1

Part 1 của IELTS Speaking kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi ngắn về cuộc sống hàng ngày. Phần này có đặc điểm là các câu hỏi thân thiện, dễ tiếp cận nhưng lại là nơi nhiều thí sinh Việt Nam mắc lỗi nghiêm trọng.

Chiến lược quan trọng nhất là trả lời tự nhiên và mở rộng ý trong 2-3 câu. Đừng chỉ trả lời Yes/No hoặc một câu ngắn. Examiner cần nghe đủ để đánh giá khả năng ngôn ngữ của bạn.

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Trả lời quá ngắn, thiếu ví dụ cụ thể
• Dùng từ vựng quá đơn giản như “good”, “bad”, “like”
• Không mở rộng câu trả lời với lý do hoặc chi tiết
• Nói quá nhanh hoặc quá chậm do lo lắng

Các Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp

Question 1: Do you often use technology in your daily life?

Question 2: What kind of technology do you use most frequently?

Question 3: Has technology changed the way you study or work?

Question 4: Do you think you depend too much on technology?

Question 5: What was the first piece of technology you owned?

Question 6: Do you enjoy learning about new technology?

Question 7: How has technology changed communication in your country?

Question 8: Do you prefer reading from a screen or from paper?

Question 9: What technology would you like to learn to use better?

Question 10: Do older people in your country use technology much?

Phân Tích và Gợi Ý Trả Lời Chi Tiết

Question: Do you often use technology in your daily life?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Trả lời trực tiếp có hay không
• Đưa ra ví dụ cụ thể về công nghệ nào
• Giải thích tần suất và mục đích sử dụng

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, I use technology every day. I use my smartphone for many things like checking messages and social media. I also use my laptop for studying and watching movies.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi, có ví dụ cụ thể về thiết bị
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng đơn giản “many things”, “checking”, không có chi tiết sâu
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Câu trả lời rõ ràng nhưng thiếu depth, từ vựng adequate nhưng chưa sophisticated

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Absolutely, I’m quite tech-dependent to be honest. I’d say my smartphone is practically glued to my hand throughout the day – I use it for everything from coordinating schedules with colleagues to staying on top of current events. Beyond that, I rely heavily on my laptop for work, particularly for data analysis and virtual meetings, which have become the norm since the pandemic.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Idiomatic expressions như “glued to my hand”, collocation tự nhiên “tech-dependent”, “staying on top of”, phrasal verbs phù hợp với register
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Fluency cao với linking tự nhiên, vocabulary precise và idiomatic, grammar range với relative clause, paraphrasing tốt thay vì lặp lại “use”

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• tech-dependent: phụ thuộc vào công nghệ
• glued to my hand: dính chặt vào tay (idiom chỉ việc dùng điện thoại liên tục)
• staying on top of: theo dõi sát, cập nhật liên tục
• coordinating schedules: sắp xếp lịch trình
• data analysis: phân tích dữ liệu

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Question: What kind of technology do you use most frequently?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• Chỉ ra thiết bị/ứng dụng cụ thể
• Giải thích tại sao sử dụng thường xuyên
• Nêu lợi ích hoặc chức năng chính

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I use my smartphone the most. It’s very convenient because I can do many things with it. I use it to contact my friends, browse the internet, and take photos. It’s always with me.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Có lý do và ví dụ cụ thể về việc sử dụng
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng cơ bản “do many things”, “very convenient”, cấu trúc câu đơn giản
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate response nhưng thiếu sophistication trong vocabulary và grammar

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

Without a doubt, my smartphone is my go-to device. What makes it indispensable is its versatility – it essentially functions as a pocket-sized computer that handles everything from instantaneous communication to mobile banking. I’m particularly hooked on productivity apps like Notion and Google Calendar, which help me streamline my workflow and keep track of my commitments. It’s transformed from being just a communication tool into a genuine life management system.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Less common vocabulary như “indispensable”, “versatility”, collocation tự nhiên “go-to device”, “streamline workflow”, relative clause phức tạp, paraphrasing xuất sắc
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Demonstrates lexical resource ở mức cao với precise vocabulary, grammar range với complex sentences, ideas development từ communication tool đến life management system cho thấy critical thinking

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• go-to device: thiết bị được ưu tiên sử dụng nhất
• indispensable: không thể thiếu
• versatility: tính đa năng
• hooked on: say mê, nghiện (theo nghĩa tích cực)
• streamline workflow: tối ưu hóa quy trình làm việc
• instantaneous communication: giao tiếp tức thời

Thí sinh IELTS Speaking thảo luận về công nghệ smartphone trong đời sống hàng ngày với examiner

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Question: Has technology changed the way you study or work?

🎯 Cách tiếp cận:

• So sánh cách làm việc/học tập trước và sau khi có công nghệ
• Đưa ra ví dụ cụ thể về sự thay đổi
• Nêu ảnh hưởng tích cực hoặc tiêu cực

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, technology has changed my studying a lot. Before, I had to go to the library to find books, but now I can search everything online. I also use online courses to learn new skills. It makes studying easier and faster.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Có comparison giữa quá khứ và hiện tại, ví dụ cụ thể về online resources
• Hạn chế: Từ vựng limited “a lot”, “easier and faster”, thiếu specific examples
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Clear answer với basic comparison nhưng thiếu depth và sophisticated vocabulary

📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:

It’s been a game-changer, honestly. The shift to digital learning platforms has completely revolutionized my approach to education. Where I once relied exclusively on physical textbooks and face-to-face lectures, I now have unprecedented access to resources like online databases, MOOCs, and collaborative tools like Google Workspace. What I find particularly beneficial is the ability to revisit recorded lectures at my own pace, which has significantly improved my retention rates. That said, I do sometimes miss the tangible aspect of traditional learning – there’s something about flipping through physical pages that aids memory consolidation.

Phân tích:

• Điểm mạnh: Idiomatic expression “game-changer”, collocation mạnh “revolutionized my approach”, “unprecedented access”, “retention rates”, balanced view với cả positive và một chút reservation, complex grammar với relative clauses và present perfect
• Tại sao Band 8-9: Sophisticated vocabulary về education và technology, fluency với natural discourse markers, critical thinking thể hiện qua việc acknowledge cả drawbacks, grammar accuracy cao với varied structures

💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:

• game-changer: yếu tố thay đổi cục diện
• revolutionized: cách mạng hóa
• unprecedented access: khả năng tiếp cận chưa từng có
• retention rates: tỷ lệ ghi nhớ
• tangible aspect: khía cạnh hữu hình, có thể chạm vào
• aids memory consolidation: hỗ trợ củng cố trí nhớ

IELTS Speaking Part 2: Long Turn (Cue Card)

Tổng Quan Về Part 2

Part 2 là phần thử thách nhất với thời gian chuẩn bị chỉ 1 phút và yêu cầu nói liên tục 2-3 phút. Đây là phần độc thoại hoàn toàn không bị examiner ngắt lời.

Chiến lược quan trọng:

• Sử dụng hết 1 phút chuẩn bị để ghi chú keywords, không viết câu hoàn chỉnh
• Nói đủ tối thiểu 1.5 phút, tốt nhất là 2 phút đầy đủ
• Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả bullet points trên cue card
• Sử dụng thì quá khứ nếu đề yêu cầu describe trải nghiệm đã xảy ra
• Mở rộng câu “explain” cuối cùng vì đây là nơi ghi điểm cao nhất

Lỗi thường gặp:

• Không sử dụng hết thời gian chuẩn bị, vội vàng bắt đầu nói
• Nói quá ngắn, dưới 1.5 phút
• Bỏ sót một hoặc nhiều bullet points
• Không giải thích đầy đủ phần “explain why/how”

Cue Card

Describe a new technology that has improved your daily life

You should say:

• What the technology is
• When you started using it
• How you use it in your daily life
• And explain how it has improved your life

Phân Tích Đề Bài

• Dạng câu hỏi: Describe an object/technology
• Thì động từ: Hiện tại hoàn thành cho “has improved”, quá khứ đơn cho “when you started”, hiện tại đơn cho “how you use”
• Bullet points phải cover:
  • Technology cụ thể nào – cần clear và specific
  • Thời điểm bắt đầu sử dụng – không cần chính xác nhưng cần có timeframe
  • Cách sử dụng hàng ngày – cần ví dụ cụ thể và chi tiết
  • Giải thích sự cải thiện – đây là phần quan trọng nhất, cần elaboration
• Câu “explain” quan trọng: Đây là nơi thể hiện critical thinking, cần nói về impact thực sự chứ không chỉ list features. Nên so sánh trước và sau khi có công nghệ này.

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7

Thời lượng: Khoảng 1.5-2 phút

I’d like to talk about my smartphone, specifically the iPhone I got about two years ago. This is a technology that really helps me every day.

I started using it when I was in university. My old phone was very slow and had many problems, so my parents bought me this new one as a birthday gift. I was very happy to receive it.

I use my smartphone for many different purposes throughout the day. In the morning, I use it as an alarm clock to wake up. Then I check my messages and emails while having breakfast. During the day, I use it to communicate with my friends and family through apps like Zalo and Messenger. I also use it for studying – I can look up information on the internet, watch educational videos on YouTube, and take notes using various apps. In my free time, I use it for entertainment like listening to music, watching movies, or playing games.

This technology has improved my life in several ways. First, it helps me stay connected with people. I can easily contact anyone at any time, which is very convenient. Second, it makes my studying more efficient because I can access information quickly. I don’t need to go to the library anymore. Third, it helps me manage my time better with calendar apps and reminders. Overall, my smartphone has made my daily life much easier and more organized.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	6-7	Nói được liên tục với ít hesitation, có sequencing rõ ràng với “first, second, third”, nhưng thiếu sophisticated linking và một số ideas còn basic
Lexical Resource	6-7	Từ vựng adequate với “purposes”, “communicate”, “efficient”, nhưng còn dùng nhiều từ đơn giản “very happy”, “many problems”, “much easier”
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	6-7	Mix được simple và complex sentences, có relative clause “that helps me”, nhưng chưa đa dạng structures, mostly present simple
Pronunciation	6-7	Giả định rõ ràng, dễ hiểu với một số lỗi nhỏ về intonation

Điểm mạnh:

• ✅ Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả bullet points
• ✅ Có cấu trúc rõ ràng với introduction, body, conclusion
• ✅ Đưa ra nhiều ví dụ cụ thể về cách sử dụng
• ✅ Có attempt ở phần explain với multiple reasons

Hạn chế:

• ⚠️ Vocabulary còn basic, lặp lại “very”, “many”, “use”
• ⚠️ Thiếu idiomatic expressions hoặc less common vocabulary
• ⚠️ Grammar structures chưa đa dạng
• ⚠️ Phần explain chưa deep, chỉ list benefits chứ chưa elaborate

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 7.5-8

Thời lượng: Khoảng 2-2.5 phút

I’d like to describe noise-cancelling headphones, which have genuinely transformed my daily routine. I’m referring to the Sony WH-1000XM4 model that I purchased approximately eighteen months ago.

I actually started using this technology out of necessity. I was living in a bustling neighborhood in Hanoi at the time, and the constant traffic noise and construction sounds were making it incredibly difficult to focus on my work. A colleague recommended these headphones, claiming they were a game-changer for productivity, and I decided to take the plunge.

As for how I use them, they’ve become absolutely indispensable to my daily life. During my morning commute on the packed metro, I switch on the noise-cancellation feature and immerse myself in podcasts or audiobooks, which has turned my commute into productive learning time. At work, when the office gets too hectic, I put them on to create my own bubble of concentration, which helps me power through demanding tasks. I also use them for virtual meetings, as the built-in microphone ensures crystal-clear audio quality. In the evenings, they’re perfect for unwinding – I can enjoy my music without disturbing my roommate.

This technology has had a profound impact on multiple aspects of my life. Most significantly, it’s dramatically improved my productivity. Before, I’d constantly get sidetracked by ambient noise, but now I can maintain deep focus for extended periods. This has actually translated into better work performance and even a recent promotion. Additionally, it’s enhanced my wellbeing – the ability to tune out urban chaos has noticeably reduced my stress levels. I also feel I’m making the most of my time during commutes, rather than just zoning out. While they were quite expensive, I consider them one of the best investments I’ve made in recent years.

Tai nghe chống ồn Sony công nghệ hiện đại giúp cải thiện năng suất học tập và làm việc

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	7.5-8	Speaks fluently với minimal hesitation, excellent cohesion với “As for”, “Additionally”, “Most significantly”, logical progression của ideas
Lexical Resource	7.5-8	Wide range với “indispensable”, “immerse myself in”, “profound impact”, “sidetracked by”, collocation tự nhiên, some idioms “take the plunge”, “power through”
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	7.5-8	Consistently sử dụng complex structures, relative clauses, perfect tenses “has transformed”, “has had”, passive voice, variety tốt
Pronunciation	7.5-8	Clear pronunciation với good stress và intonation patterns

So Sánh Với Band 6-7

Khía cạnh	Band 6-7	Band 7.5-8
Vocabulary	“very happy”, “many problems”, “use for”	“take the plunge”, “indispensable”, “immerse myself in”, “profound impact”
Grammar	Simple: “I use it to communicate”	Complex: “which has turned my commute into productive learning time”
Ideas	Lists basic benefits: “helps me stay connected”	Elaborates với examples: “dramatically improved my productivity… translated into better work performance and even a recent promotion”

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📝 Sample Answer – Band 8.5-9

Thời lượng: 2.5-3 phút đầy đủ

I’d like to talk about smart home automation, specifically a comprehensive ecosystem I’ve gradually assembled over the past couple of years, which has fundamentally reshaped how I navigate my daily routines.

My journey into home automation actually began somewhat serendipitously about two and a half years ago. I’d initially purchased a simple voice-activated speaker – just a Google Nest Mini – primarily for novelty value, but I quickly became intrigued by its potential. What started as a modest experiment has since evolved into a sophisticated network of interconnected devices including smart lighting, a thermostat, security cameras, and various sensors, all orchestrated through a central hub.

The way this technology integrates into my daily life is remarkably seamless. My mornings essentially run on autopilot now – at 6:30, my bedroom lights gradually simulate a sunrise, gently rousing me from sleep in a much more natural way than a jarring alarm. The coffee maker springs to life simultaneously, and by the time I’m on my feet, fresh coffee is ready. As I leave for work, a simple voice command “I’m heading out” triggers a cascade of actions – lights switch off, the thermostat adjusts to an energy-saving mode, and the security system arms itself. Throughout the day, I can monitor my home via smartphone – checking security footage, adjusting the temperature remotely, or even letting in service workers through a smart lock. The system also learns from my patterns and proactively adjusts settings, which is particularly impressive.

The impact on my quality of life has been nothing short of transformative. From a practical standpoint, I’ve seen my energy bills drop by roughly 30% thanks to intelligent climate control that fine-tunes heating and cooling based on occupancy and time of day. This environmental benefit really resonates with me, as sustainability is something I’m increasingly conscious of. More significantly though, it’s liberated considerable mental bandwidth – I’m no longer preoccupied with mundane concerns like “Did I lock the door?” or “Did I leave the lights on?” which might seem trivial but genuinely used to plague me. Perhaps most valuably, the enhanced security features have provided tremendous peace of mind, particularly given that I travel frequently for work. I can keep tabs on my property from anywhere in the world, and the system will alert me to any anomalies. While there’s certainly a valid debate about privacy implications and over-reliance on technology – concerns I don’t dismiss lightly – in my experience, the benefits have far outweighed the drawbacks. It’s fundamentally changed my relationship with my living space, transforming it from merely a place I inhabit into an responsive environment that actively anticipates and accommodates my needs.

Phân Tích Band Điểm

Tiêu chí	Band	Nhận xét
Fluency & Coherence	8.5-9	Speaks fluently với complete naturalness, sophisticated discourse markers “serendipitously”, “Perhaps most valuably”, seamless progression với complex ideas, no self-correction
Lexical Resource	8.5-9	Sophisticated vocabulary “serendipitously”, “orchestrated through”, “cascade of actions”, precise collocations “reshaped how I navigate”, “liberated mental bandwidth”, skillful paraphrasing, natural idioms “keep tabs on”, “springs to life”
Grammatical Range & Accuracy	8.5-9	Full range của structures, complex sentences consistently accurate, advanced forms như inversion ở reported speech, relative clauses embedded naturally, perfect aspects used precisely
Pronunciation	8.5-9	Full range của pronunciation features, effective use of intonation để convey meaning, clear word stress, natural rhythm

Tại Sao Bài Này Xuất Sắc

🎯 Fluency Hoàn Hảo:

• Không có hesitation, speaks with complete confidence như một native speaker
• Discourse flows naturally với sophisticated linking
• Self-correction không cần thiết vì accuracy cao ngay từ đầu

📚 Vocabulary Tinh Vi:

• “serendipitously” – từ less common thể hiện nuance
• “liberated considerable mental bandwidth” – metaphor tinh tế về cognitive load
• “transforming it from merely a place I inhabit into a responsive environment” – abstract expression sophisticated
• “concerns I don’t dismiss lightly” – shows balanced thinking với precise language

📝 Grammar Đa Dạng:

• “What started as a modest experiment has since evolved into…” – complex structure với what-clause và present perfect
• “by the time I’m on my feet, fresh coffee is ready” – time clause với present simple for future
• “which might seem trivial but genuinely used to plague me” – relative clause với contrast và habitual past

💡 Ideas Sâu Sắc:

• Không chỉ describe features mà analyze impact deeply
• Balance perspective: acknowledge privacy concerns while defending benefits
• Quantify impact: “30% energy bills drop” – concrete evidence
• Philosophical insight: “transformed my relationship with my living space”

Follow-up Questions (Rounding Off Questions)

Examiner có thể hỏi thêm 1-2 câu ngắn sau Part 2:

Question 1: Would you recommend this technology to others?

Band 6-7 Answer:
Yes, I would recommend it to others, especially people who are busy and want to save time. It’s very useful and convenient.

Band 8-9 Answer:
I’d certainly recommend it, though with some caveats. For people who are tech-savvy and value efficiency, it’s absolutely worth exploring. That said, there’s a learning curve involved, and it does require an initial investment, so it might not be suitable for everyone’s circumstances.

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Question 2: Do you think this technology will become more common in the future?

Band 6-7 Answer:
Yes, I think so. Many people are starting to use it now, and it will probably become more popular because it’s very helpful.

Band 8-9 Answer:
Undoubtedly. I think we’re really just scratching the surface of what’s possible. As IoT technology becomes more affordable and user-friendly, and as people become increasingly conscious of energy efficiency, I’d expect widespread adoption within the next decade. The trajectory certainly points toward ubiquity.

IELTS Speaking Part 3: Two-way Discussion

Tổng Quan Về Part 3

Part 3 là phần thử thách nhất, kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi trừu tượng và sâu sắc hơn nhiều so với Part 1. Examiner sẽ đào sâu vào chủ đề của Part 2 với các câu hỏi yêu cầu phân tích, so sánh, đánh giá.

Yêu cầu của Part 3:

• Phân tích vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ
• So sánh và đối chiếu các ý kiến khác nhau
• Đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân có lý lẽ chặt chẽ
• Xem xét cả mặt tích cực và tiêu cực
• Sử dụng examples từ xã hội, không chỉ cá nhân

Chiến lược hiệu quả:

• Mở rộng câu trả lời ra 3-5 câu với structure rõ ràng
• Sử dụng discourse markers để organize ideas: “Well”, “Actually”, “On the one hand”
• Đưa ra general examples từ society, culture, hoặc trends
• Thừa nhận complexity của issue: “It’s not straightforward”, “It depends on”
• Tránh absolute statements, sử dụng tentative language: “I’d say”, “It seems to me”

Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:

• Trả lời quá ngắn gọn như Part 1, chỉ 1-2 câu
• Không có reasoning rõ ràng, chỉ state opinion
• Thiếu từ vựng abstract và academic
• Không acknowledge other perspectives
• Quá personal thay vì discuss general issues

Các Câu Hỏi Thảo Luận Sâu

Theme 1: Impact of Technology on Society

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Question 1: How has technology changed the way people interact with each other?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Cause-Effect, yêu cầu analyze changes
• Key words: “changed”, “interact”, focus vào social interaction
• Cách tiếp cận: Discuss cả positive và negative changes, give examples, consider different contexts

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Technology has changed communication a lot. Now people can talk to each other easily through social media and messaging apps. They don’t need to meet face-to-face anymore. This is convenient but sometimes people spend too much time on their phones and don’t talk to people around them. So there are good and bad points about this change.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Có mention cả positive và negative nhưng chưa elaborated đầy đủ
• Vocabulary: Basic với “a lot”, “easily”, “good and bad points”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Trả lời câu hỏi adequately nhưng lacks depth và sophistication, ideas còn surface-level

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

Well, I’d say technology has fundamentally transformed the nature of human interaction in both profound and concerning ways. On the one hand, it’s democratized communication to an unprecedented degree – people can now maintain relationships across vast distances, reconnect with old friends, and even forge new connections based on shared interests rather than geographical proximity. This has been particularly valuable for marginalized communities who can find support networks online.

On the other hand, there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that digital communication may be eroding the quality of our interactions. We’re seeing people become increasingly reliant on text-based exchanges that lack the nuance of face-to-face conversation – the subtle cues like body language and tone of voice that are crucial for genuine emotional connection. There’s also the phenomenon of performative socializing on social media, where interactions can feel superficial and curated rather than authentic.

I think the reality is nuanced – technology is neither inherently good nor bad for social interaction. It’s more about how judiciously we use it and whether we can strike a balance between leveraging its benefits while preserving the irreplaceable value of in-person human connection.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Exceptionally well-organized: Balanced view với “On the one hand… On the other hand”, followed by nuanced conclusion
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated với “democratized”, “forge connections”, “eroding”, “subtle cues”, “performative socializing”, precise academic language
• Grammar: Complex structures: “people can now maintain relationships…, reconnect…, and even forge…” – parallelism, relative clauses “that lack the nuance”, embedded clauses
• Critical Thinking: Shows deep understanding với acknowledgment của complexity, evidence-based reasoning “growing body of evidence”, avoids simplistic conclusions

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “Well, I’d say”, “On the one hand”, “On the other hand”, “I think the reality is”
• Tentative language: “I’d say”, “may be eroding”, “suggests that”
• Abstract nouns: “nuance”, “proximity”, “phenomenon”, “authenticity”
• Academic collocations: “growing body of evidence”, “unprecedented degree”, “marginalized communities”

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Question 2: Do you think people rely too much on technology nowadays?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Opinion question với “too much” – cần evaluate extent
• Key words: “rely”, “too much” – focus vào dependency
• Cách tiếp cận: Acknowledge different perspectives, discuss both necessity và over-dependence, provide balanced view

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes, I think many people depend on technology too much. They use their phones all the time and can’t do anything without them. For example, people use GPS even for places they know well. This makes them less independent. However, technology is also necessary for work and study, so we need to find a balance.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Simple opinion → example → counterpoint, basic structure
• Vocabulary: Repetitive “too much”, “all the time”, limited range
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate response với attempt at balance nhưng lacks sophistication và depth

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

That’s a contentious question, and I think the answer really hinges on how we define “too much.” There’s no denying that we’ve become deeply dependent on technology in ways that would have been unimaginable a generation ago. We’ve essentially outsourced significant cognitive functions to our devices – from memory retention to navigation to even basic calculation. In some respects, this cognitive offloading represents a concerning atrophy of skills that humans have relied upon for millennia.

However, I’d argue this dependency isn’t necessarily detrimental if we view it through a different lens. Throughout human history, we’ve always leveraged tools to augment our capabilities – from writing systems that extended our memory to calculators that enhanced our computational power. Technology is simply the latest iteration of this evolutionary trajectory. The key question isn’t whether we rely on technology too much, but whether this reliance is undermining our autonomy or actually expanding our potential.

What does concern me is the insidious nature of digital addiction, particularly around social media and smartphones. When technology use becomes compulsive rather than purposeful, when it disrupts sleep, relationships, and productivity, that’s when dependency crosses the line into dysfunction. The optimal approach, in my view, is cultivating digital literacy and intentional usage – being mindful of how and why we engage with technology, rather than mindlessly submitting to its pervasive influence.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Sophisticated: Reframing question → Historical perspective → Nuanced concern → Solution-oriented conclusion
• Vocabulary: High-level với “contentious”, “cognitive offloading”, “atrophy”, “insidious nature”, “pervasive influence”
• Grammar: Advanced structures: conditional “if we view it through”, complex noun phrases “the insidious nature of digital addiction”, gerunds as subjects “cultivating digital literacy”
• Critical Thinking: Exceptional – challenges premise của question, provides historical context, distinguishes between types of dependency, offers nuanced conclusion

💡 Key Language Features:

• Discourse markers: “That’s a contentious question”, “However, I’d argue”, “What does concern me”
• Hedging language: “I think”, “I’d argue”, “in my view”
• Abstract vocabulary: “cognitive functions”, “autonomy”, “evolutionary trajectory”, “digital literacy”
• Sophisticated collocations: “hinges on”, “crosses the line into”, “mindfully submitting to”

Sự phụ thuộc vào công nghệ smartphone trong xã hội hiện đại và tác động đến đời sống

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Theme 2: Technology and Education

Question 3: How has technology changed education in your country?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Cause-Effect về national context
• Key words: “changed”, “education”, “your country” – cần specific examples from Vietnam
• Cách tiếp cận: Discuss specific changes in Vietnam, compare past and present, mention both opportunities và challenges

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Technology has changed education in Vietnam a lot. Now students can study online and access many learning materials on the internet. During COVID-19, all schools used online learning platforms like Zoom and Google Classroom. This helps students continue studying at home. Teachers also use PowerPoint and videos to make lessons more interesting.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Lists changes nhưng chưa analyze impact deeply
• Vocabulary: Basic “a lot”, “many”, “more interesting”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Relevant examples nhưng lacks analytical depth

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

Technology has catalyzed a significant paradigm shift in Vietnamese education, though the transformation has been somewhat uneven across different regions and socioeconomic strata. Perhaps the most visible change has been the proliferation of e-learning platforms and digital learning resources, which has theoretically democratized access to quality education. Students in remote provinces can now access lectures from top universities in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City, something that was simply inconceivable a decade ago.

The pandemic really accelerated this digital transition – what might have taken ten years happened almost overnight. Schools were thrust into online learning, which exposed both the potential and the limitations of educational technology. On the positive side, it demonstrated that learning doesn’t have to be confined to traditional classrooms. We’ve seen the emergence of innovative teaching methods incorporating interactive elements, gamification, and personalized learning paths tailored to individual student needs.

However, this technological integration has also exacerbated existing inequalities. Students from privileged backgrounds with reliable internet connections and personal devices thrived, while those from disadvantaged communities fell further behind. There’s also the question of pedagogical quality – simply digitizing traditional teaching methods doesn’t necessarily enhance learning outcomes. What’s needed is thoughtful integration where technology amplifies good teaching rather than replacing the irreplaceable human element of education. Vietnam is still navigating this balance, and I’d say we’re very much in a transitional phase where we’re grappling with both the tremendous opportunities and the significant challenges that educational technology presents.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Multi-layered analysis: Overview → Specific examples → Balanced critique → Future-oriented reflection
• Vocabulary: Sophisticated và contextually precise: “catalyzed”, “paradigm shift”, “socioeconomic strata”, “exacerbated”, “pedagogical quality”
• Grammar: Complex với embedded clauses, relative clauses providing extra information, present perfect for ongoing changes
• Critical Thinking: Exceptional – acknowledges both progress và inequality, specific to Vietnam context, avoids oversimplification

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Theme 3: Future of Technology

Question 4: What technological developments do you expect to see in the next 20 years?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Prediction về future
• Key words: “expect”, “next 20 years” – speculation about future trends
• Cách tiếp cận: Use tentative language, discuss multiple possibilities, ground predictions in current trends

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

I think technology will develop a lot in the next 20 years. Artificial intelligence will become more advanced and might replace some human jobs. Self-driving cars will probably become common. Virtual reality might be used more in education and entertainment. Also, renewable energy technology will improve to help the environment.

Phân tích:

• Structure: List of predictions nhưng lacks connection và elaboration
• Vocabulary: Basic predictive language “will become”, “might”, “probably”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Relevant predictions nhưng surface-level, lacks depth và sophistication

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

That’s a fascinating question to ponder, though obviously any prediction is inherently speculative. Based on current trajectories, I’d anticipate several converging developments that could fundamentally reshape our world.

First, I think we’ll see artificial intelligence transition from being a specialized tool to becoming deeply embedded in virtually every aspect of daily life. We’re already seeing the nascent stages of this with generative AI like ChatGPT, but I’d expect this to evolve into far more sophisticated systems that can anticipate our needs, make complex decisions, and perhaps most contentiously, automate a significant proportion of cognitive work. This will likely precipitate major societal shifts regarding employment and the very nature of work itself.

Secondly, I believe biotechnology will make remarkable strides, particularly in personalized medicine. We might see treatments tailored to individual genetic profiles becoming routine, and possibly even gene editing technologies becoming ethically acceptable for preventing hereditary diseases. The convergence of nanotechnology and medical science could revolutionize healthcare delivery.

Climate technology will almost certainly take center stage out of sheer necessity. I’d expect renewable energy to become not just cost-competitive but actually cheaper than fossil fuels, driving a wholesale transition to sustainable energy systems. Technologies for carbon capture, vertical farming, and lab-grown meat might mature from experimental to mainstream.

Perhaps most intriguingly, we might witness the blurring of boundaries between physical and digital realities through advanced augmented reality and possibly even brain-computer interfaces. While this sounds like science fiction, companies are already making significant investments in these areas.

That said, I think it’s crucial to maintain some healthy skepticism. Technology rarely develops as linearly as we predict – there will likely be unforeseen breakthroughs in areas we’re not even currently focusing on, while some hyped technologies may fall short of expectations. The ethical, social, and regulatory frameworks will also play a pivotal role in determining which technologies actually come to fruition and how they’re deployed. It’s an exhilarating yet somewhat daunting future to contemplate.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Exceptional organization: Multiple domains discussed systematically (AI → Biotech → Climate tech → AR/VR), với nuanced conclusion acknowledging uncertainty
• Vocabulary: Highly sophisticated: “nascent stages”, “precipitate”, “wholesale transition”, “come to fruition”, precise technical terms contextually appropriate
• Grammar: Full range: Complex sentences with multiple clauses, conditional structures, present perfect progressive for ongoing trends, passive constructions for emphasis
• Critical Thinking: Outstanding – grounds predictions in current trends, acknowledges uncertainty và limitations, considers multiple perspectives including ethical dimensions, shows intellectual humility

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Question 5: Do you think technology is making people’s lives more stressful?

🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:

• Dạng: Opinion về negative impact
• Key words: “making”, “more stressful” – focus on psychological impact
• Cách tiếp cận: Acknowledge paradox of convenience vs stress, provide specific examples, balanced perspective

📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:

Yes and no. Technology makes some things easier, like shopping online or working from home. But it also creates stress because people are always connected to work through email and messages. They can’t really relax. Social media also makes people stressed when they compare themselves to others. So technology has both positive and negative effects on stress.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Simple yes/no → examples → conclusion
• Vocabulary: Basic “makes easier”, “creates stress”, “can’t really relax”
• Tại sao Band 6-7: Acknowledges both sides nhưng analysis còn superficial

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📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:

There’s certainly a compelling case to be made that technology is exacerbating stress, though I think it’s important to distinguish between different types of stress and consider the underlying mechanisms at play.

What we’re really seeing is a phenomenon I’d call “always-on culture” – the erosion of boundaries between work and personal life that technology has facilitated. Smartphone connectivity means we’re perpetually accessible, which creates what researchers call “telepressure” – the compulsion to respond immediately to messages even during off-hours. This constant state of alertness is physiologically taxing and has been correlated with elevated cortisol levels and diminished wellbeing. The expectation of immediate responsiveness has fundamentally altered our relationship with work in ways that are often insidiously stressful.

Moreover, social media has introduced entirely new vectors of stress that didn’t exist previously. The curated perfection we encounter on platforms like Instagram creates relentless social comparison, which numerous studies have linked to anxiety, depression, and feelings of inadequacy. There’s also information overload – we’re bombarded with more news, notifications, and stimuli than our brains evolved to process, leading to what some psychologists call “cognitive overwhelm”.

However, I’d caution against demonizing technology entirely. The stress often stems not from technology itself but from our relationship with it and societal norms around its use. Many people find technology genuinely stress-reducing – whether through meditation apps, fitness tracking that encourages healthy habits, or videoconferencing that allows them to stay connected with distant loved ones. The key differentiator seems to be agency – whether we feel in control of our technology use or enslaved to it.

I think the crux of the issue is that we’ve adopted these technologies far more rapidly than we’ve developed healthy norms and coping mechanisms for using them. We’re essentially conducting a massive social experiment in real-time. Moving forward, I believe we need better digital hygiene practices, workplace policies that respect boundaries, and perhaps most importantly, greater individual awareness about when technology is serving us versus when we’re serving it.

Phân tích:

• Structure: Masterful: Thesis statement → Analysis of mechanisms (work stress) → Social media stress → Counter-argument → Nuanced synthesis with forward-looking perspective
• Vocabulary: Exceptional range: “exacerbating”, “telepressure”, “insidiously”, “vectors of stress”, “cognitive overwhelm”, precise psychological terminology used accurately
• Grammar: Sophisticated: Nominalization “The expectation of immediate responsiveness”, reduced relative clauses “whether we feel in control”, complex conditional structures
• Critical Thinking: Outstanding – engages with research “studies have linked to”, distinguishes correlation from causation, acknowledges complexity with “agency” concept, solution-oriented thinking

💡 Key Language Features:

• Academic discourse: “There’s a compelling case”, “I’d distinguish between”, “The crux of the issue”
• Hedging for speculation: “I think”, “seems to be”, “I believe”
• Citing evidence: “researchers call”, “numerous studies have linked”, “what psychologists call”
• Abstract concepts: “underlying mechanisms”, “vectors of stress”, “digital hygiene”, “agency”

Từ vựng và cụm từ quan trọng

Topic-Specific Vocabulary

Từ vựng/Cụm từ	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ	Collocation
tech-savvy	adj	/ˈtek ˈsævi/	am hiểu công nghệ, giỏi công nghệ	My sister is very tech-savvy and can fix any computer problem.	tech-savvy users, become tech-savvy, increasingly tech-savvy generation
cutting-edge	adj	/ˈkʌtɪŋ edʒ/	tiên tiến nhất, tân tiến	This smartphone uses cutting-edge technology for facial recognition.	cutting-edge technology, cutting-edge innovation, cutting-edge research
game-changer	n	/ˈɡeɪm ˌtʃeɪndʒər/	yếu tố thay đổi cục diện	The invention of smartphones was a real game-changer for communication.	a real game-changer, potential game-changer, prove to be a game-changer
seamless	adj	/ˈsiːmləs/	liền mạch, không gián đoạn	The app provides a seamless user experience.	seamless integration, seamless transition, seamless experience
intuitive	adj	/ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/	trực quan, dễ hiểu	The interface is very intuitive, even for beginners.	intuitive design, intuitive interface, intuitive to use
streamline	v	/ˈstriːmlaɪn/	tối ưu hóa, đơn giản hóa	This software helps streamline our workflow significantly.	streamline processes, streamline operations, streamline communication
obsolete	adj	/ˈɒbsəliːt/	lỗi thời, cổ lỗ	Many traditional technologies have become obsolete in the digital age.	become obsolete, render obsolete, rapidly obsolete
groundbreaking	adj	/ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/	mang tính đột phá	This is truly groundbreaking research in artificial intelligence.	groundbreaking technology, groundbreaking discovery, groundbreaking innovation
ubiquitous	adj	/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/	có mặt khắp nơi, phổ biến rộng rãi	Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.	become ubiquitous, increasingly ubiquitous, ubiquitous presence
leverage	v	/ˈliːvərɪdʒ/	tận dụng, khai thác	We can leverage technology to improve educational outcomes.	leverage technology, leverage resources, leverage opportunities
revolutionize	v	/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/	cách mạng hóa	The internet has revolutionized how we access information.	revolutionize industry, revolutionize education, revolutionize communication
unprecedented	adj	/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/	chưa từng có	We’re witnessing unprecedented advances in medical technology.	unprecedented access, unprecedented speed, unprecedented scale
transformative	adj	/trænsˈfɔːmətɪv/	có tính chất chuyển đổi, biến đổi mạnh mẽ	AI is having a transformative impact on various industries.	transformative power, transformative effect, transformative technology
disruptive	adj	/dɪsˈrʌptɪv/	gây đột phá, phá vỡ hiện trạng	Uber was a disruptive innovation in the transportation sector.	disruptive technology, disruptive innovation, disruptive force
integrate	v	/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/	tích hợp, hòa nhập	Schools are trying to integrate technology into traditional teaching methods.	integrate technology, integrate systems, fully integrated
proficiency	n	/prəˈfɪʃənsi/	sự thành thạo	Digital proficiency is now essential in most careers.	digital proficiency, achieve proficiency, language proficiency
facilitate	v	/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/	tạo điều kiện thuận lợi, hỗ trợ	Technology facilitates instant communication across continents.	facilitate communication, facilitate learning, facilitate access
optimize	v	/ˈɒptɪmaɪz/	tối ưu hóa	This app helps optimize your phone’s battery life.	optimize performance, optimize efficiency, optimize results
automation	n	/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən/	tự động hóa	Automation is changing the nature of manufacturing jobs.	industrial automation, process automation, increasing automation
exponential	adj	/ˌekspəˈnenʃəl/	theo cấp số nhân, tăng nhanh chóng	We’re seeing exponential growth in computing power.	exponential growth, exponential increase, at an exponential rate

Idiomatic Expressions & Advanced Phrases

Cụm từ	Nghĩa	Ví dụ sử dụng	Band điểm
stay on top of	theo dõi sát, cập nhật liên tục	I use news apps to stay on top of current events.	7.5-8
take the plunge	quyết định làm điều gì đó quan trọng	I finally took the plunge and bought a smartwatch.	7.5-8
ahead of the curve	tiên tiến, dẫn đầu xu hướng	Companies that adopt AI early are staying ahead of the curve.	8-9
a double-edged sword	con dao hai lưỡi (có cả mặt tốt và xấu)	Social media is a double-edged sword for teenagers.	7.5-8
scratch the surface	chỉ mới bắt đầu khám phá	We’re only scratching the surface of what AI can do.	8-9
user-friendly	dễ sử dụng, thân thiện với người dùng	The app has a very user-friendly interface.	7-8
at your fingertips	sẵn có, dễ dàng tiếp cận	With smartphones, information is literally at your fingertips.	7.5-8
fall by the wayside	bị bỏ rơi, lỗi thời	Many traditional skills have fallen by the wayside in the digital age.	8-9
keep pace with	theo kịp	It’s challenging for education systems to keep pace with technological change.	7.5-8
a steep learning curve	quá trình học tập khó khăn	New software often has a steep learning curve for older users.	7.5-8
push the envelope	vượt qua giới hạn, đổi mới táo bạo	Tech companies are constantly pushing the envelope with innovation.	8-9
jump on the bandwagon	theo đuổi xu hướng phổ biến	Many businesses jumped on the AI bandwagon recently.	7.5-8

Discourse Markers (Từ Nối Ý Trong Speaking)

Để bắt đầu câu trả lời:

• 📝 Well,… – Sử dụng khi cần một chút thời gian suy nghĩ trước khi trả lời
• 📝 Actually,… – Khi muốn đưa ra một góc nhìn khác hoặc sửa chữa thông tin
• 📝 To be honest,… – Khi muốn nói thật, thể hiện tính chân thành
• 📝 I’d say that… – Cách mềm mại để đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân
• 📝 That’s an interesting question,… – Để có thời gian suy nghĩ và thể hiện sự quan tâm

Để bổ sung ý:

• 📝 On top of that,… – Thêm vào đó, để bổ sung thêm điểm
• 📝 What’s more,… – Hơn nữa, nhấn mạnh thêm ý kiến
• 📝 Not to mention… – Chưa kể đến, liệt kê điểm bổ sung
• 📝 Another thing worth mentioning is… – Điều khác đáng nói là
• 📝 Beyond that,… – Ngoài ra, vượt xa điều đó

Để đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng:

• 📝 On the one hand,… On the other hand,… – Một mặt… mặt khác
• 📝 While it’s true that…, we also need to consider… – Mặc dù đúng là… chúng ta cũng cần xem xét
• 📝 That said,… – Dù vậy, để giới thiệu ý trái ngược
• 📝 Having said that,… – Nói như vậy, để chuyển sang góc nhìn khác
• 📝 To be fair,… – Để công bằng mà nói

Để kết luận:

• 📝 All in all,… – Tóm lại, kết luận tổng thể
• 📝 At the end of the day,… – Cuối cùng thì, điều quan trọng nhất
• 📝 In the final analysis,… – Xét cho cùng
• 📝 The bottom line is… – Điểm mấu chốt là

Để giải thích và làm rõ:

• 📝 What I mean is… – Ý tôi là
• 📝 In other words,… – Nói cách khác
• 📝 To put it another way,… – Diễn đạt theo cách khác
• 📝 Let me clarify… – Để tôi làm rõ

Grammatical Structures Ấn Tượng

1. Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện):

• Mixed conditional: “If I hadn’t purchased noise-cancelling headphones, I would still be struggling with concentration in noisy environments.”
• Inversion: “Had I known how transformative smart home technology would be, I would have invested in it much earlier.”
• Should + inversion: “Should technology continue advancing at this pace, we might see autonomous vehicles become mainstream within a decade.”

2. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ):

• Non-defining: “Smart home automation, which I initially purchased just out of curiosity, has become absolutely indispensable to my daily routine.”
• Reduced relative clause: “The apps available on smartphones today offer functionality unimaginable ten years ago.”

3. Passive Voice (Câu bị động):

• It is thought/believed/said that…: “It is widely believed that artificial intelligence will revolutionize healthcare in the coming decades.”
• Complex passive: “Many traditional jobs are being rapidly automated, which has prompted concerns about unemployment.”

4. Cleft Sentences (Câu chẻ):

• What I find most…: “What I find most impressive about modern technology is its ability to learn and adapt to individual users.”
• The thing that…: “The thing that concerns me most about our dependence on technology is the erosion of privacy.”
• It is/was… that…: “It was the pandemic that really accelerated the digital transformation in education.”

5. Nominalization (Danh từ hóa):

• Thay vì “Technology is becoming integrated” → “The integration of technology”
• Thay vì “We depend too much” → “Our over-dependence”
• Ví dụ: “The widespread adoption of smartphones has led to fundamental changes in communication patterns.”

6. Inversion for Emphasis:

• Not only… but also: “Not only has technology improved efficiency, but it has also created entirely new industries.”
• Rarely/Seldom: “Rarely have we seen such rapid technological advancement in such a short timeframe.”

Việc nắm vững chủ đề “describe a new technology that has improved your daily life” không chỉ giúp bạn tự tin trong phòng thi mà còn phát triển khả năng thảo luận về một topic cực kỳ relevant với đời sống hiện đại. Tương tự như describe a time when you helped someone with a personal problem, đây là chủ đề yêu cầu bạn kết hợp personal experience với broader perspective về impact và implications.

Hãy nhớ rằng thành công trong IELTS Speaking không nằm ở việc học thuộc template mà ở khả năng communicate ideas một cách natural, fluent và với appropriate vocabulary. Khi chuẩn bị cho đề này, hãy thực sự suy nghĩ về những công nghệ đã thực sự impact cuộc sống của bạn, điều này sẽ giúp câu trả lời của bạn authentic và convincing hơn nhiều.

Đối với những ai đang tìm kiếm thêm inspiration về cách elaborate personal experiences, Describe a recent experience that had a lasting impact on you cung cấp những insights hữu ích về việc phát triển ý tưởng deeply và emotionally. Trong khi đề về công nghệ focus vào practical improvements, cách approach và structure cho cả hai topics có nhiều điểm tương đồng.

Một điều quan trọng cần lưu ý là examiner không chỉ đánh giá những gì bạn nói mà còn cách bạn nói. Tone of voice, natural pausing, và genuine engagement với topic đều contribute vào overall impression. Khi thảo luận về technology, đừng cố gắng sound quá technical hoặc academic – hãy maintain conversational tone while demonstrating vocabulary range.

Practice là key để improvement. Hãy record yourself trả lời những câu hỏi trong bài này và listen back critically. Bạn có đang sử dụng variety của grammatical structures không? Vocabulary có repetitive không? Ideas có được developed đầy đủ không? Self-assessment như thế này extremely valuable.

Cuối cùng, hãy nhớ rằng technology là một broad topic với numerous subtopics. Từ social media đến artificial intelligence, từ online education đến digital banking – mỗi area đều có thể được explored trong IELTS Speaking. Việc chuẩn bị vocabulary và ideas cho multiple aspects của technology sẽ đảm bảo bạn ready cho bất kỳ variation nào của topic này. Similar đến describe an exciting adventure you had, việc có một mental library của experiences và vocabulary sẽ giúp bạn adaptable và confident trong exam room.