Chủ đề về trách nhiệm (responsibility) là một trong những đề tài phổ biến và quan trọng nhất trong IELTS Speaking. Theo thống kê từ các trung tâm thi IELTS trên toàn cầu, chủ đề này xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong các kỳ thi từ 2020 đến 2024, đặc biệt là câu hỏi yêu cầu thí sinh mô tả một tình huống phải gánh vác trách nhiệm. Dự đoán khả năng xuất hiện trong tương lai vẫn ở mức cao do tính thực tiễn và khả năng đánh giá toàn diện kỹ năng của thí sinh.
Chủ đề này thường xuất hiện ở cả 3 phần thi với các góc độ khác nhau: Part 1 hỏi về trách nhiệm hàng ngày, Part 2 yêu cầu kể chi tiết một tình huống cụ thể, và Part 3 thảo luận về khía cạnh xã hội của trách nhiệm. Điều này đòi hỏi thí sinh phải chuẩn bị kỹ lưỡng cả từ vựng, cấu trúc câu và khả năng phát triển ý tưởng.
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học được:
- Các câu hỏi thường gặp nhất trong cả 3 Part về chủ đề trách nhiệm
- Bài mẫu chi tiết theo 3 band điểm (6-7, 7.5-8, 8.5-9) với phân tích cụ thể
- Hơn 50 từ vựng và cụm từ ăn điểm liên quan đến responsibility
- Chiến lược trả lời hiệu quả từ góc nhìn của Examiner
- Những lỗi phổ biến của học viên Việt Nam và cách khắc phục
IELTS Speaking Part 1: Introduction and Interview
Tổng Quan Về Part 1
Part 1 kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi ngắn về đời sống hàng ngày. Đây là phần “làm quen” giúp bạn thư giãn trước khi vào các phần khó hơn. Chiến lược quan trọng nhất là trả lời tự nhiên, mở rộng mỗi câu trả lời thành 2-3 câu hoàn chỉnh, và tránh câu trả lời một từ.
Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam trong Part 1:
- Trả lời quá ngắn gọn kiểu “Yes, I do” hoặc “No, I don’t” mà không giải thích
- Sử dụng từ vựng quá đơn giản, lặp đi lặp lại
- Thiếu ví dụ cụ thể từ kinh nghiệm bản thân
- Nói quá nhanh do lo lắng, dẫn đến phát âm không rõ ràng
Các Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp
Question 1: Do you think you are a responsible person?
Question 2: What responsibilities do you have in your daily life?
Question 3: Did your parents give you responsibilities when you were a child?
Question 4: Is it important for children to have responsibilities?
Question 5: What kind of responsibilities do you have at work/school?
Question 6: How do you feel when you are given a lot of responsibility?
Question 7: Have you ever failed to fulfill a responsibility?
Question 8: Do you think young people today are less responsible than previous generations?
Phân Tích và Gợi Ý Trả Lời Chi Tiết
Question: Do you think you are a responsible person?
🎯 Cách tiếp cận:
- Trả lời trực tiếp Yes/No với mức độ (quite, fairly, very)
- Đưa ra bằng chứng cụ thể từ hành động hàng ngày
- Thêm một ví dụ ngắn gọn để minh họa
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“Yes, I think I’m quite a responsible person. I always try to finish my work on time and I don’t like to let people down. For example, when my friends ask me to help them, I always do my best to support them.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh: Có câu trả lời trực tiếp, đưa ra được lý do và ví dụ cơ bản
- Hạn chế: Từ vựng đơn giản (finish, on time, help), cấu trúc câu basic, ví dụ chưa đủ cụ thể
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Đáp ứng được yêu cầu cơ bản của câu hỏi, có mạch lạc nhưng thiếu độ tinh vi về ngôn ngữ và ý tưởng
📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:
“I’d say I’m quite a conscientious person, actually. I have this strong sense of accountability, especially when it comes to commitments I’ve made to others. For instance, in my current role, I’m entrusted with managing several important projects, and I make it a point to follow through on every task, no matter how challenging it might be.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh: Từ vựng tinh vi (conscientious, accountability, entrusted with), cấu trúc đa dạng (I’d say, I make it a point to), ví dụ cụ thể về công việc thực tế
- Tại sao Band 8-9:
- Fluency: Sử dụng discourse marker “actually” tự nhiên, câu nói trôi chảy
- Vocabulary: Dùng từ academic (conscientious, accountability) một cách chính xác
- Grammar: Có mệnh đề quan hệ, cấu trúc phức (no matter how…)
- Pronunciation: Các từ nhiều âm tiết được nhấn đúng
💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:
- conscientious /ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs/: tận tâm, chu đáo
- accountability /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/: trách nhiệm giải trình
- be entrusted with: được giao phó, được tin tưởng
- follow through on: hoàn thành đến cùng
Question: What responsibilities do you have in your daily life?
🎯 Cách tiếp cận:
- Liệt kê 2-3 trách nhiệm cụ thể
- Sắp xếp theo thứ tự quan trọng hoặc thời gian
- Giải thích ngắn gọn về mỗi trách nhiệm
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“Well, I have several responsibilities every day. First, I need to go to work and complete my tasks. I also have to take care of my family, like cooking dinner and helping my younger brother with his homework. These are the main things I need to do daily.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh: Liệt kê được nhiều trách nhiệm, có cấu trúc rõ ràng với “First” và “also”
- Hạn chế: Từ vựng lặp lại (need to, have to), thiếu detail về cách thực hiện trách nhiệm
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Nội dung đầy đủ nhưng thiếu độ sophisticated trong cách diễn đạt
📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:
“I’d say my daily responsibilities are quite diverse. Professionally, I’m accountable for overseeing a team of five people, which involves delegating tasks and ensuring everything runs smoothly. On the personal front, I take care of my elderly parents – that includes everything from grocery shopping to accompanying them to medical appointments. On top of that, I’m trying to maintain a healthy work-life balance, so I’ve committed myself to exercising regularly.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh:
- Phân loại trách nhiệm rõ ràng (professionally, personal front)
- Từ vựng topic-specific (oversee, delegate, maintain work-life balance)
- Discourse markers tự nhiên (On top of that)
- Chi tiết cụ thể về từng trách nhiệm
- Tại sao Band 8-9:
- Fluency: Nối ý mượt mà với các linking words đa dạng
- Vocabulary: Range rộng và precise (diverse, oversee, accompanying)
- Grammar: Cấu trúc phức tạp (which involves…, everything from…to…)
- Content: Ý tưởng được phát triển đầy đủ với examples cụ thể
💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:
- diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/: đa dạng
- be accountable for: chịu trách nhiệm về
- oversee /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/: giám sát
- delegate tasks: phân công nhiệm vụ
- commit oneself to: cam kết với
Question: Did your parents give you responsibilities when you were a child?
🎯 Cách tiếp cận:
- Trả lời Yes/No
- Nêu cụ thể những trách nhiệm nào
- Chia sẻ cảm nhận hoặc ảnh hưởng của điều đó
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“Yes, they did. When I was about 8 years old, my parents asked me to clean my room every weekend and wash the dishes after dinner. I didn’t like it at first, but now I think it was good for me because it taught me to be independent.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh: Có ví dụ cụ thể về tuổi và trách nhiệm, đề cập đến cảm xúc (didn’t like) và benefit (taught me to be independent)
- Hạn chế: Cấu trúc câu đơn giản, từ vựng everyday (clean, wash, good for me)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Trả lời đầy đủ các yếu tố cơ bản nhưng chưa demonstrate được range của vocabulary và grammar
📝 Sample Answer – Band 8-9:
“Absolutely, yes. My parents were quite firm believers in teaching children about responsibility from an early age. I remember being assigned various age-appropriate chores – things like tidying up my room, feeding our pet dog, and later on, helping with meal preparation. At the time, I’ll admit I found it a bit tedious, but looking back, those experiences were invaluable in shaping my character and teaching me about self-discipline and the importance of contributing to the household.”
Phân tích:
- Điểm mạnh:
- Opening natural với “Absolutely, yes”
- Vocabulary sophisticated (firm believers, age-appropriate, invaluable, shaping character)
- Grammar đa dạng (being assigned – passive, I’ll admit – discourse marker)
- Reflection sâu sắc về past vs present perspective
- Tại sao Band 8-9:
- Fluency: Nối ý mạch lạc từ past experience đến present reflection
- Vocabulary: Collocations chính xác (firm believers in, age-appropriate chores)
- Grammar: Mix tenses perfectly (past simple, past continuous, present simple)
- Ideas: Demonstrating maturity trong cách nhìn nhận
💡 Key Vocabulary & Expressions:
- firm believers in: tin tưởng mạnh mẽ vào
- age-appropriate: phù hợp với lứa tuổi
- tedious /ˈtiːdiəs/: tẻ nhạt, buồn chán
- invaluable /ɪnˈvæljuəbl/: vô giá
- shape someone’s character: hình thành tính cách
Trẻ em Việt Nam học trách nhiệm thông qua việc nhà và nhiệm vụ hàng ngày
IELTS Speaking Part 2: Long Turn (Cue Card)
Tổng Quan Về Part 2
Part 2 là phần quan trọng nhất, yêu cầu bạn nói liên tục 2-3 phút về một chủ đề cụ thể. Bạn có 1 phút chuẩn bị và nên tận dụng tối đa thời gian này để ghi chú keywords, không viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
Chiến lược hiệu quả:
- Sử dụng đúng 1 phút để ghi chú (bullet points, keywords, numbers)
- Cố gắng nói đủ 2 phút, tối thiểu 1 phút 45 giây
- Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả các bullet points trên cue card
- Với đề thi về past experience, sử dụng chủ yếu thì quá khứ
- Phát triển phần “explain” đầy đủ nhất vì đây là phần ghi điểm cao
Lỗi thường gặp:
- Không tận dụng hết 1 phút chuẩn bị, vội vàng bắt đầu nói
- Nói chưa đến 1.5 phút là dừng
- Bỏ sót một hoặc nhiều bullet points
- Kể quá nhiều chi tiết không liên quan, lạc đề
- Không phát triển phần “explain why/how you felt”
Cue Card
Describe A Situation Where You Had To Take Responsibility For Something
You should say:
- What the situation was
- When and where it happened
- What responsibility you had to take
- And explain how you felt about taking this responsibility
Phân Tích Đề Bài
- Dạng câu hỏi: Describe an experience/event (kể về một trải nghiệm cụ thể trong quá khứ)
- Thì động từ: Chủ yếu là quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn, có thể dùng hiện tại khi reflect
- Bullet points phải cover:
- What: Tình huống gì? (project, event, family matter, emergency…)
- When/Where: Thời gian và địa điểm cụ thể (tháng/năm, workplace/school/home…)
- What responsibility: Trách nhiệm cụ thể là gì? (lead team, take care of someone, manage budget…)
- Explain feelings: Cảm xúc và reflection (nervous, proud, learned lessons…)
- Câu “explain” quan trọng: Đây là phần chiếm nhiều thời gian nhất (30-45 giây), cần phân tích sâu về emotions, challenges, và what you learned
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7
Thời lượng: Khoảng 1 phút 50 giây
“I’d like to talk about a time when I had to take responsibility for organizing my company’s annual party last year. This happened in December 2023, and the event took place at a restaurant in the city center.
The situation was that my manager suddenly got sick two weeks before the party, so she asked me to take over the planning. I had to take responsibility for many things, like booking the venue, ordering food, preparing decorations, and making sure all 50 employees could attend.
At first, I felt very nervous because I had never organized such a big event before. There were many things to coordinate, and I was worried that something would go wrong. I had to work extra hours every day, making phone calls and sending emails to suppliers.
However, everything went well on the day of the party. Everyone enjoyed the food and the activities I had prepared. When the party ended, my colleagues thanked me and said they had a great time. My manager also praised me for doing a good job.
I felt really proud of myself after that experience. Taking this responsibility taught me that I can handle difficult situations if I stay organized and work hard. It also helped me become more confident in my abilities.”
Phân Tích Band Điểm
| Tiêu chí | Band | Nhận xét |
|---|---|---|
| Fluency & Coherence | 6.5-7 | Nói tương đối trôi chảy, có linking words cơ bản (at first, however, also). Vài chỗ hơi dừng nghĩ nhưng không ảnh hưởng nhiều. Cấu trúc rõ ràng theo bullet points |
| Lexical Resource | 6-7 | Từ vựng adequate cho topic (coordinate, praised, stay organized, confident) nhưng chưa có nhiều less common words. Một số collocations đơn giản (take responsibility, work extra hours, go well) |
| Grammatical Range & Accuracy | 6.5-7 | Sử dụng được các thì quá khứ chính xác, có một số complex sentences (when, because, if). Một số cấu trúc đơn giản lặp lại (I had to…, I felt…) |
| Pronunciation | 6.5-7 | Phát âm rõ ràng, dễ hiểu. Trọng âm từ cơ bản đúng. Ngữ điệu chưa thực sự tự nhiên |
Điểm mạnh:
- ✅ Trả lời đầy đủ tất cả 4 bullet points
- ✅ Thời lượng đủ gần 2 phút
- ✅ Có cấu trúc rõ ràng, dễ follow
- ✅ Kể chi tiết cụ thể về event (50 employees, December 2023)
Hạn chế:
- ⚠️ Từ vựng chưa sophisticated (nervous, proud – quá common)
- ⚠️ Grammar structures còn basic, thiếu variety
- ⚠️ Phần explain feelings chưa đủ sâu, thiếu personal insight
📝 Sample Answer – Band 7.5-8
Thời lượng: Khoảng 2 phút 15 giây
“I’d like to share an experience from about six months ago when I found myself thrust into a leadership role that really tested my capabilities.
What happened was, I was working on a crucial marketing campaign for a major client at my advertising agency. About three weeks before the deadline, our team leader had to take emergency leave due to a family crisis, and I was asked to step up and take charge of the entire project.
This meant I was suddenly accountable for coordinating a team of seven people, managing a substantial budget of around fifty thousand dollars, and ensuring we delivered everything on schedule. I had to oversee the creative team, liaise with the client for approvals, and make critical decisions about the campaign direction – responsibilities I’d only observed before, never actually shouldered myself.
If I’m being honest, my initial reaction was quite overwhelming. I felt this mixture of excitement and apprehension – excited because it was an opportunity to prove myself, but apprehensive about potentially letting the team down. The weight of responsibility kept me up at night for the first few days. I remember constantly second-guessing my decisions and worrying about whether I was cut out for this kind of leadership role.
But as the days went by, I found my rhythm. I made a point of having daily check-ins with team members, delegating tasks according to people’s strengths, and maintaining transparent communication with the client. The project ultimately turned out to be a success – we delivered on time and the client was thrilled with the results.
Looking back, this experience was truly transformative for me. It taught me that I’m more resilient and capable than I give myself credit for. The responsibility also made me realize the importance of trusting your team and not trying to micromanage everything. I felt an immense sense of accomplishment afterward, and it definitely boosted my confidence in taking on future challenges.”
Phân Tích Band Điểm
| Tiêu chí | Band | Nhận xét |
|---|---|---|
| Fluency & Coherence | 7.5-8 | Nói trôi chảy với natural discourse markers (If I’m being honest, Looking back). Ít hesitation, ideas được develop logic và cohesive. Sử dụng varied linking devices |
| Lexical Resource | 7.5-8 | Wide range của vocabulary với nhiều less common words (thrust into, apprehension, shouldered, second-guessing). Collocations chính xác (substantial budget, transparent communication, boosted confidence). Một số paraphrasing tốt |
| Grammatical Range & Accuracy | 7.5-8 | Variety của complex structures (relative clauses, conditionals, passive voice). Accurate use của tenses. Một số advanced structures như “make a point of + Ving” |
| Pronunciation | 7.5-8 | Clear pronunciation với good intonation. Word stress chính xác trên các từ đa âm tiết. Natural rhythm |
So Sánh Với Band 6-7
| Khía cạnh | Band 6-7 | Band 7.5-8 |
|---|---|---|
| Vocabulary | nervous, proud, coordinate | apprehension, transformative, resilient, thrust into |
| Grammar | “I had to work extra hours” | “I made a point of having daily check-ins” |
| Ideas | “I felt proud after that” | “mixture of excitement and apprehension”, “weight of responsibility kept me up at night” |
| Details | Basic context (company party) | Rich context (emergency leave, $50k budget, team of 7) |
📝 Sample Answer – Band 8.5-9
Thời lượng: 2 phút 45 giây đầy đủ
“I’d like to recount a particularly formative experience that occurred during my final year at university, which really brought home the true meaning of responsibility and leadership under pressure.
The backstory is, I was part of a student committee organizing our university’s annual charity fundraiser – an event that typically attracts around three hundred attendees and raises significant funds for local children’s hospitals. About a month before the event, our committee president, who’d been spearheading the entire operation, suffered a serious accident and had to withdraw from all activities. In an emergency meeting, I was voted in as the replacement, which meant I inherited not just the title but also a mountain of unfinished tasks and a team of volunteers who were understandably rattled by the sudden change in leadership.
The scope of responsibility was honestly quite daunting. I found myself juggling multiple high-stakes tasks – everything from securing last-minute sponsorships to troubleshooting logistical nightmares with the venue, coordinating marketing efforts across social media platforms, and most crucially, keeping team morale up during what was an incredibly turbulent time. I was essentially at the helm of an operation with a budget exceeding fifteen thousand dollars, and any misstep could have meant disappointing hundreds of people and failing the charity we were supporting.
Now, if I’m completely honest, my emotional response was quite complex. On one level, I felt honored that my peers had enough confidence in me to entrust me with this role. But simultaneously, I was grappling with this gnawing sense of self-doubt and what I can only describe as imposter syndrome. There were moments, particularly in those first few days, when I felt absolutely paralyzed by the magnitude of the task. I vividly remember lying awake at night, my mind racing through endless scenarios of things that could potentially go wrong.
However, I realized that wallowing in anxiety wasn’t productive. I adopted a more systematic approach – breaking down the overwhelming project into manageable chunks, prioritizing the most critical tasks, and perhaps most importantly, fostering a collaborative environment where everyone felt comfortable voicing concerns and contributing ideas. I also made transparency a priority, keeping stakeholders in the loop about our progress and any challenges we faced.
The event itself was, I’m pleased to say, a resounding success. We exceeded our fundraising target by twenty percent and received glowing feedback from attendees. But beyond the tangible outcomes, what truly struck me was the personal growth I experienced. This responsibility taught me invaluable lessons about adaptive leadership – that being a good leader isn’t about having all the answers, but rather about rallying people toward a common goal, remaining composed under pressure, and being willing to shoulder the burden when things get tough.
The whole experience was genuinely transformative. It shattered my preconceptions about my own limitations and revealed reserves of strength and resilience I didn’t know I possessed. More than that, it taught me that responsibility, while sometimes burdensome, can also be incredibly empowering and fulfilling when you rise to meet it.”
Phân Tích Band Điểm
| Tiêu chí | Band | Nhận xét |
|---|---|---|
| Fluency & Coherence | 8.5-9 | Nói hoàn toàn fluent và coherent, không có noticeable pauses. Sophisticated discourse markers (The backstory is, If I’m completely honest, More than that). Ideas được develop một cách logic và natural |
| Lexical Resource | 8.5-9 | Sophisticated vocabulary used với precision (formative, spearheading, rattled, gnawing, imposter syndrome, resounding success). Wide range của idiomatic language (brought home, at the helm, wallowing in). Collocations natural và precise |
| Grammatical Range & Accuracy | 8.5-9 | Full range của structures sử dụng naturally và accurately. Complex sentences với multiple clauses. Varied use of tenses, passive, conditionals, perfect aspects. Virtually error-free |
| Pronunciation | 8.5-9 | Pronunciation features của native-like speech. Natural intonation patterns, appropriate stress và rhythm. Clear articulation ngay cả với complex words |
Tại Sao Bài Này Xuất Sắc
🎯 Fluency Hoàn Hảo:
Không có hesitation, discourse flows naturally như một câu chuyện được kể, không phải đang làm bài thi. Sử dụng discourse markers tinh vi để transition giữa các ý (The backstory is, Now, if I’m completely honest, However).
📚 Vocabulary Tinh Vi:
- “formative experience” thay vì “important experience”
- “brought home the true meaning” – idiomatic và precise
- “gnawing sense of self-doubt” – powerful imagery
- “imposter syndrome” – psychological term showing sophisticated knowledge
- “resounding success” thay vì “big success”
📝 Grammar Đa Dạng:
- Relative clauses: “who’d been spearheading”, “which meant”, “where everyone felt”
- Perfect aspects: “had enough confidence”, “I’d inherited”
- Passive voice: “I was voted in”, “could have been disappointed”
- Complex conditionals: “any misstep could have meant disappointing”
- Gerunds và infinitives phức tạp: “lying awake”, “to entrust me with”
💡 Ideas Sâu Sắc:
Không chỉ kể story mà còn demonstrate emotional intelligence và self-awareness:
- “complex emotional response” – thừa nhận feelings are nuanced
- “imposter syndrome” – psychological insight
- “personal growth” và “adaptive leadership” – mature reflection
- “shattered my preconceptions” – thoughtful conclusion về impact
Sinh viên Việt Nam gánh vác trách nhiệm tổ chức sự kiện từ thiện quy mô lớn
Follow-up Questions (Rounding Off Questions)
Sau khi bạn nói xong Part 2, examiner thường hỏi thêm 1-2 câu ngắn để transition sang Part 3:
Question 1: Would you take on a similar responsibility again in the future?
Band 6-7 Answer:
“Yes, definitely. Even though it was stressful, I learned a lot from that experience. I think I would be more prepared next time and could handle it better.”
Band 8-9 Answer:
“Absolutely, I would. In fact, I actively seek out such opportunities now because I’ve come to realize that these challenging experiences are where the most significant personal development occurs. While I can’t say I’d be immune to the stress, I’d definitely approach it with more composure and strategic thinking the second time around.”
Question 2: Do you think this experience changed you in any way?
Band 6-7 Answer:
“Yes, it changed me quite a bit. I became more confident and better at managing my time. I also learned that I can solve problems on my own.”
Band 8-9 Answer:
“It was genuinely transformative. The experience fundamentally shifted my perspective on my own capabilities and pushed me out of my comfort zone in the best possible way. I’d say it made me more resilient, more willing to embrace uncertainty, and importantly, it taught me the value of collaborative leadership rather than trying to shoulder everything alone.”
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Two-way Discussion
Tổng Quan Về Part 3
Part 3 là phần khó nhất, kéo dài 4-5 phút với các câu hỏi abstract và philosophical liên quan đến chủ đề Part 2. Đây là nơi examiner đánh giá khả năng critical thinking và analytical skills của bạn.
Yêu cầu cụ thể:
- Phân tích vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ (individual, society, future)
- Đưa ra quan điểm có lý lẽ rõ ràng với supporting points
- So sánh và contrast các situations khác nhau
- Đưa ra examples từ xã hội rộng lớn, không chỉ personal experience
Chiến lược hiệu quả:
- Mở rộng mỗi câu trả lời thành 4-6 câu (30-45 giây)
- Sử dụng discourse markers để structure answer (Well, Actually, On the one hand…)
- Acknowledge complexity của issue trước khi đưa ra opinion
- Cân bằng giữa general statements và specific examples
- Sử dụng tentative language (I would say, It seems to me, To some extent…)
Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam:
- Trả lời quá ngắn (1-2 câu) không đủ để demonstrate ability
- Không đưa ra lý lẽ rõ ràng, chỉ state opinion
- Examples quá personal, không phản ánh broader perspective
- Thiếu từ vựng abstract và academic
- Không acknowledge các viewpoints khác
Các Câu Hỏi Thảo Luận Sâu
Theme 1: Responsibility in Modern Society
Question 1: Why do you think some people avoid taking responsibility?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Cause analysis – tìm nguyên nhân
- Key words: avoid, taking responsibility
- Cách tiếp cận: Đưa ra 2-3 reasons với explanations và examples, acknowledge phức tạp của human behavior
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“I think there are several reasons why people avoid responsibility. First, they might be afraid of failure or making mistakes. If something goes wrong, they will be blamed, so they prefer to let others take charge. Second, some people are just lazy and don’t want to put in the extra effort that comes with responsibility. Finally, maybe they lack confidence in their abilities and don’t believe they can do a good job.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Có clear points (First, Second, Finally) nhưng còn mechanical
- Vocabulary: Basic (afraid, lazy, lack confidence) thiếu sophistication
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Adequate response với reasons rõ ràng nhưng thiếu depth trong analysis và examples cụ thể từ society
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“Well, I think the reasons behind this are quite multifaceted, actually. From my perspective, one major factor is fear of failure and the stigma that often comes with making mistakes, especially in cultures that tend to emphasize perfection over learning. When people see responsibility as a potential minefield where any misstep could damage their reputation, it’s natural for them to shy away from it.
On top of that, I’d argue there’s also a generational aspect to consider. Some research suggests that younger generations, having grown up in more protective environments where they weren’t given many opportunities to shoulder responsibility early on, may find it particularly daunting later in life. They simply haven’t developed the resilience or problem-solving skills that come from navigating challenging situations independently.
Another dimension worth mentioning is the erosion of accountability in modern society. With the diffusion of responsibility in large organizations and the ease with which we can deflect blame in our increasingly complex social structures, it’s become easier for people to sidestep responsibility without facing immediate consequences. That being said, I don’t think we should be too quick to judge – often these behaviors are symptomatic of deeper systemic issues rather than individual character flaws.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Well-organized với clear progression: Direct answer → Reason 1 (psychological) + explanation → Reason 2 (generational) + evidence → Reason 3 (societal) + nuance → Balanced conclusion
- Vocabulary: Sophisticated và precise (multifaceted, stigma, potential minefield, erosion of accountability, diffusion of responsibility, symptomatic of)
- Grammar: Complex structures perfectly deployed (relative clauses, conditionals, passive voice, gerunds)
- Critical Thinking: Shows nuanced understanding, acknowledges multiple perspectives, avoids oversimplification, demonstrates research awareness
💡 Key Language Features:
- Discourse markers: Well I think, From my perspective, On top of that, Another dimension, That being said
- Tentative language: I’d argue, may find it, suggests that, worth mentioning
- Abstract nouns: stigma, resilience, accountability, diffusion, complexity
- Academic collocations: emphasize perfection, shoulder responsibility, navigate situations, deflect blame
Question 2: Do you think parents today give their children enough responsibility?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Opinion + Comparison (today vs past)
- Key words: parents today, enough responsibility, children
- Cách tiếp cận: State opinion → Compare past vs present → Explain reasons for change → Consequences
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“I don’t think so. These days, parents are often too protective of their children. They do everything for them, like helping with homework or even making decisions about what clothes to wear. In the past, children had more responsibilities like helping with housework or taking care of younger siblings. I think modern parents worry too much about their children and don’t let them learn from mistakes.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Has comparison between past and present
- Vocabulary: Everyday words (protective, worry, help with homework)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Addresses question với basic comparison nhưng thiếu sophisticated analysis về societal factors
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“That’s an interesting question, and I’d say the answer is quite nuanced. Generally speaking, I believe there’s been a noticeable shift towards what some call ‘helicopter parenting‘ or ‘overprotective parenting‘ in many modern societies, particularly among middle-class families. Parents today seem more inclined to shield their children from potential hardships rather than allowing them to develop resilience through taking on age-appropriate responsibilities.
What’s driving this trend, in my view, is a combination of factors. For one thing, we live in an increasingly competitive world where parents feel immense pressure to give their children every possible advantage, which often translates into micromanaging their lives rather than stepping back and letting them learn through trial and error. Additionally, the prevalence of safety concerns – whether real or perceived – has made parents more risk-averse when it comes to allowing children independence.
The consequences of this, I think, are quite significant. We’re seeing young adults entering the workforce who struggle with basic life skills and decision-making, simply because they’ve never had the opportunity to take ownership of tasks or face the repercussions of their choices. That said, I should mention there are definitely exceptions – some parents are very conscious of this issue and deliberately cultivate responsibility in their children through progressive exposure to challenges.
Ideally, what we need is a more balanced approach where children are given responsibilities that scale with their maturity, allowing them to build competence and confidence gradually.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Opinion with qualification → Identify trend → Analyze causes (competition + safety) → Discuss consequences → Acknowledge exceptions → Propose solution
- Vocabulary: Advanced topic-specific terms (helicopter parenting, micromanaging, risk-averse, progressive exposure)
- Grammar: Full range including conditionals, relative clauses, gerunds, passives used naturally
- Critical Thinking: Demonstrates sophisticated analysis of social trends, acknowledges complexity, considers multiple stakeholders, proposes balanced solution
💡 Key Language Features:
- Opening strategies: That’s an interesting question, Generally speaking
- Hedging language: quite nuanced, seem more inclined, in my view, I think
- Signposting: For one thing, Additionally, That said, Ideally
- Abstract vocabulary: resilience, micromanaging, risk-averse, repercussions, cultivate
Theme 2: Responsibility in the Workplace
Question 3: Should companies give more responsibilities to younger employees?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Opinion + Should question (recommendation)
- Key words: companies, more responsibilities, younger employees
- Cách tiếp cận: Give balanced view → Benefits → Potential risks → Conditions for success
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“Yes, I think they should. Young employees often have fresh ideas and new skills, especially with technology. If companies give them more responsibility, they will feel more motivated and work harder. However, they also need proper training and support from senior staff to make sure they don’t make serious mistakes.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Direct opinion → Reason → Qualification
- Vocabulary: Adequate (fresh ideas, motivated, training, support)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Answers question adequately với basic reasoning nhưng chưa explore complexities deeply
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“I’d argue that this is definitely something companies should prioritize, but with important caveats. On the one hand, empowering younger employees with significant responsibilities can be tremendously beneficial for both the individual and the organization. Young professionals often bring fresh perspectives, digital fluency, and a willingness to challenge the status quo that can drive innovation. When they’re given meaningful responsibilities early in their careers, it can accelerate their development and help with talent retention, as they feel valued and see clear pathways for advancement.
However, – and this is crucial – simply throwing young employees into the deep end without adequate support is a recipe for disaster. What’s needed is a more structured approach to progressive responsibility – a kind of scaffolded learning where younger staff are given increasingly complex challenges but with appropriate mentorship and safety nets in place.
From an organizational perspective, I think the key is to create what some call ‘psychologically safe‘ environments where making mistakes while taking on new responsibilities is seen as part of the learning process rather than something to be punished. Companies that successfully navigate this balance – giving autonomy while providing support – tend to cultivate more resilient, adaptable workforces.
To some extent, I believe the question isn’t so much whether companies should give young employees more responsibility, but rather how they can do so in ways that set them up for success rather than overwhelming them.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Opinion with caveats → Benefits (innovation, retention) → Risks if done poorly → Proper approach (scaffolded learning) → Organizational conditions → Reframe question
- Vocabulary: Business-specific terminology (talent retention, pathways for advancement, scaffolded learning, psychologically safe)
- Grammar: Sophisticated structures (not so much…but rather, when they’re given, tend to cultivate)
- Critical Thinking: Demonstrates understanding of organizational psychology, balances multiple perspectives, proposes concrete solutions
Nhân viên trẻ Việt Nam được giao trách nhiệm và phát triển trong môi trường làm việc hiện đại
Theme 3: Cultural Perspectives on Responsibility
Question 4: How do attitudes toward responsibility differ between generations?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Compare/Contrast between generations
- Key words: attitudes, responsibility, differ, generations
- Cách tiếp cận: Identify key differences → Explain reasons → Examples → Avoid stereotyping
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“I think older generations are more responsible than younger ones. They believe in working hard and finishing what they start. But young people today are more focused on enjoying life and having work-life balance. Older people might see this as being irresponsible, but young people think they’re just smarter about not working too much.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Comparison stated với contrast
- Vocabulary: Simple comparison words (more than, but)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Makes basic comparison nhưng oversimplifies và thiếu depth trong analysis
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“Well, this is quite a contentious topic, and I think we need to be careful not to fall into the trap of oversimplifying or stereotyping entire generations. That said, there do appear to be some discernible differences in how different age groups conceptualize and approach responsibility.
From what I’ve observed, older generations – let’s say those who came of age in the mid-20th century – tend to have a more traditional, duty-bound conception of responsibility. For them, responsibility often means loyalty to institutions – staying with one company for decades, prioritizing work commitments above personal interests, and fulfilling obligations even at personal cost. This worldview was shaped by economic circumstances where job security and institutional stability were more prevalent.
In contrast, younger generations seem to have a more fluid and arguably more holistic understanding of responsibility. They’re more likely to balance professional responsibilities with personal wellbeing, social causes, and environmental concerns. Rather than seeing responsibility as purely about fulfilling external obligations, they tend to include responsibility to themselves – their mental health, their values, their personal development – in the equation.
I think what’s happening is not that younger people are less responsible, as some critics claim, but rather that they’re redefining what responsibility means in a world that’s fundamentally different from the one their grandparents knew. In an era of gig economy, where job security is a myth and institutional loyalty often goes unrewarded, it makes sense that responsibility would be reconceptualized.
Interestingly, research in organizational psychology suggests that both approaches have merit. The traditional emphasis on reliability and follow-through remains valuable, while the younger generation’s focus on sustainable engagement and authentic commitment addresses some of the burnout and alienation issues that plagued previous work cultures.
The challenge, as I see it, is finding ways for different generations to learn from each other rather than talking past each other.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Caveat about stereotyping → Older generation (characteristics + context) → Younger generation (characteristics + context) → Analysis of reasons for shift → Research support → Conclusion about mutual learning
- Vocabulary: Academic và sociological terms (contentious, conceptualize, duty-bound, holistic, reconceptualized, alienation)
- Grammar: Full range expertly used including complex relative clauses, conditionals, gerunds
- Critical Thinking: Avoids stereotyping, provides historical/economic context, cites research, demonstrates sophisticated understanding of social change, proposes constructive resolution
💡 Key Language Features:
- Hedging & Qualifying: quite a contentious topic, appear to be, seem to have, tend to, I think what’s happening
- Signposting: That said, From what I’ve observed, In contrast, Interestingly, The challenge
- Academic register: discernible differences, duty-bound conception, holistic understanding, reconceptualized
- Comparative structures: more fluid, rather than seeing…they tend to, both approaches have merit
Question 5: In what ways can society encourage people to be more responsible?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Problem-solution / Suggestion
- Key words: society, encourage, more responsible
- Cách tiếp cận: Multiple solutions từ different levels (education, workplace, government, culture)
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“There are several ways society can do this. First, schools should teach children about responsibility from a young age. They can give students small tasks and projects to complete. Second, companies can reward responsible employees with promotions or bonuses. The government can also create programs to recognize responsible citizens. If people see that being responsible brings benefits, more people will try to be responsible.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Multiple solutions listed systematically
- Vocabulary: Functional vocabulary (teach, reward, recognize, benefits)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Provides practical suggestions nhưng thiếu sophistication và depth trong how these would work
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“That’s a crucial question, and I think the answer lies in multifaceted approaches that work at various levels of society simultaneously.
First and foremost, I believe educational reform is essential. Rather than just preaching about responsibility, schools should embed it into their pedagogical approach – giving students real agency over their learning, involving them in decision-making processes about school policies, and creating opportunities for them to see the tangible consequences of both responsible and irresponsible actions. Project-based learning, where students take ownership of long-term assignments, can be particularly effective in this regard.
At the workplace level, I think we need to shift away from micromanagement cultures toward models that foster genuine autonomy and accountability. When people feel they have real agency and that their contributions matter, they’re more likely to embrace rather than shirk responsibilities. This could involve things like transparent decision-making, profit-sharing schemes that give employees stake in outcomes, or flat hierarchies that empower individual initiative.
From a policy perspective, governments could incentivize responsible behavior through both carrots and sticks – things like tax benefits for companies with strong corporate social responsibility programs, or recognition schemes that celebrate responsible citizenship. Singapore, for instance, has been quite successful with various public campaigns that promote civic responsibility.
Perhaps most importantly, though, I think we need cultural shifts in how we frame responsibility in public discourse. Too often, responsibility is portrayed as a burden rather than an empowering force. Media representation that highlights the fulfillment and efficacy people gain from taking responsibility could help reshape these narratives.
Ultimately, I believe the key is creating positive feedback loops where responsible behavior is reinforced through meaningful outcomes rather than just external punishment or abstract moral imperatives.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Multi-level approach: Education → Workplace → Policy → Cultural → Synthesis
- Vocabulary: Policy and sociological vocabulary (pedagogical, autonomy, accountability, incentivize, civic responsibility, feedback loops)
- Grammar: Advanced structures perfectly controlled (rather than just…should, could involve things like, where responsible behavior is reinforced)
- Critical Thinking: Demonstrates systems thinking, cites real examples (Singapore), understands psychology of motivation, proposes comprehensive framework
💡 Key Language Features:
- Sophisticated openings: That’s a crucial question, First and foremost, Perhaps most importantly
- Academic vocabulary: multifaceted approaches, pedagogical approach, tangible consequences, transparent decision-making, feedback loops
- Examples: Singapore campaigns, project-based learning, profit-sharing schemes
- Conclusion technique: Ultimately + synthesizing main principle
Question 6: Do you think technology has changed how people view responsibility?
🎯 Phân tích câu hỏi:
- Dạng: Opinion + Cause/Effect of technology
- Key words: technology, changed, view responsibility
- Cách tiếp cận: Acknowledge impact → Positive changes → Negative changes → Balanced conclusion
📝 Sample Answer – Band 6-7:
“Yes, definitely. Technology has made it easier to avoid responsibility in some ways. For example, people can hide behind social media and say things without taking responsibility for their words. But technology also makes it easier to check if people are doing their jobs properly. Companies can track employees’ work online, so people have to be more responsible.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Direct answer với examples positive và negative
- Vocabulary: Basic tech vocabulary (social media, track, online)
- Tại sao Band 6-7: Addresses both sides nhưng analysis chưa deep enough
📝 Câu trả lời mẫu – Band 8-9:
“Absolutely, technology has profoundly transformed our relationship with responsibility in ways that are both liberating and concerning.
On the positive side, technology has made accountability more transparent and immediate. Digital platforms create permanent records of actions and commitments, making it harder for people to evade responsibility. In professional contexts, project management tools and collaborative platforms have made it crystal clear who’s responsible for what, reducing the ambiguity that previously allowed people to deflect blame. Blockchain technology, for instance, is creating immutable records of transactions that could revolutionize accountability in various sectors.
However, there’s a darker side to this story. Technology has also created new ways for people to disassociate from the consequences of their actions. Social media, in particular, has fostered what some psychologists call ‘moral disengagement‘ – people feel less accountable for harmful comments or actions online because of the physical distance and perceived anonymity. The diffusion of responsibility in digital spaces means that harmful content can proliferate without anyone feeling personally accountable.
Moreover, automation and AI are raising fascinating questions about responsibility itself. When an algorithm makes a decision that affects people’s lives – whether it’s a loan rejection, a job application screening, or even a medical diagnosis – who bears responsibility? The programmer? The company? The AI itself? We’re entering uncharted territory where traditional frameworks of responsibility may not apply.
Interestingly, there’s also been a democratization of responsibility through technology. Crowdsourcing and citizen journalism mean that ordinary individuals can now take on responsibilities – like exposing corruption or organizing social movements – that were previously the domain of institutions. The #MeToo movement, for example, demonstrated how technology can empower individuals to hold powerful actors accountable in ways that traditional structures failed to do.
In essence, I’d say technology hasn’t diminished responsibility so much as it’s reconfigured how we understand and operationalize it. The challenge moving forward is ensuring our ethical frameworks and legal structures keep pace with these technological changes.”
Phân tích:
- Structure: Strong opener → Positive impacts (transparency, clarity) → Negative impacts (disengagement, diffusion) → New questions (AI, automation) → Democratization aspect → Sophisticated synthesis
- Vocabulary: Advanced tech and ethical vocabulary (immutable records, moral disengagement, algorithm, uncharted territory, democratization, operationalize)
- Grammar: Full sophisticated range (whether it’s…or, that were previously, ensuring our frameworks keep pace)
- Critical Thinking: Demonstrates nuanced understanding of technology’s complex impact, raises philosophical questions, cites real examples (#MeToo, blockchain), considers future implications
Từ vựng và cụm từ quan trọng
Topic-Specific Vocabulary
| Từ vựng/Cụm từ | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| accountability | noun | /əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ | trách nhiệm giải trình | Strong accountability is essential in leadership positions | personal accountability, financial accountability, hold someone accountable |
| conscientious | adj | /ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs/ | tận tâm, chu đáo | She’s a conscientious worker who never misses deadlines | conscientious approach, conscientious employee, conscientious effort |
| delegate | verb | /ˈdelɪɡeɪt/ | ủy thác, giao phó | Good leaders know how to delegate tasks effectively | delegate authority, delegate responsibility, delegate work |
| shoulder responsibility | phrase | /ˈʃəʊldə rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ | gánh vác trách nhiệm | He had to shoulder responsibility for the entire project | willingly shoulder, shoulder the burden, shoulder full responsibility |
| take charge of | phrase | /teɪk tʃɑːdʒ ɒv/ | đảm nhận, nắm quyền điều hành | She took charge of the department during the crisis | take charge of situation, take complete charge, immediately take charge |
| be entrusted with | phrase | /bi ɪnˈtrʌstɪd wɪð/ | được giao phó, tin tưởng | I was entrusted with managing the company’s finances | be entrusted with task, be entrusted with role, be fully entrusted |
| oversight | noun | /ˈəʊvəsaɪt/ | sự giám sát | He has oversight of all marketing activities | direct oversight, oversight responsibilities, provide oversight |
| obligation | noun | /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn/ | nghĩa vụ, bổn phận | We have an obligation to protect the environment | moral obligation, legal obligation, fulfill obligation |
| commitment | noun | /kəˈmɪtmənt/ | cam kết | His commitment to the project was impressive | strong commitment, unwavering commitment, honor commitment |
| liable | adj | /ˈlaɪəbl/ | có trách nhiệm pháp lý | The company is liable for any damages caused | legally liable, held liable, liable for consequences |
| answerable | adj | /ˈɑːnsərəbl/ | phải chịu trách nhiệm | Managers are answerable to the board of directors | answerable for actions, directly answerable, answerable to someone |
| dependable | adj | /dɪˈpendəbl/ | đáng tin cậy | She’s proven herself to be a dependable team member | highly dependable, dependable worker, dependable service |
| follow through | phrasal verb | /ˈfɒləʊ θruː/ | thực hiện đến cùng | It’s important to follow through on your promises | follow through with plan, follow through on commitment, consistently follow through |
| negligence | noun | /ˈneɡlɪdʒəns/ | sự cẩu thả,태만 | The accident was caused by negligence | criminal negligence, gross negligence, negligence in duty |
| burden | noun | /ˈbɜːdn/ | gánh nặng | Taking on extra responsibilities can be a heavy burden | heavy burden, bear the burden, share the burden |
| autonomy | noun | /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ | quyền tự chủ | Employees need some autonomy in their work | greater autonomy, professional autonomy, enjoy autonomy |
| micromanage | verb | /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌmænɪdʒ/ | quản lý quá chi tiết | Good leaders don’t micromanage their teams | tendency to micromanage, micromanage employees, micromanage every detail |
| stake | noun | /steɪk/ | phần liên quan, lợi ích | Everyone has a stake in the company’s success | personal stake, have a stake in, financial stake |
| culpable | adj | /ˈkʌlpəbl/ | đáng trách, có lỗi | The manager was found culpable for the mistake | legally culpable, held culpable, morally culpable |
| buck passing | noun phrase | /bʌk ˈpɑːsɪŋ/ | đùn đẩy trách nhiệm | There’s too much buck passing in this organization | engage in buck passing, culture of buck passing, stop the buck passing |
Idiomatic Expressions & Advanced Phrases
| Cụm từ | Nghĩa | Ví dụ sử dụng | Band điểm |
|---|---|---|---|
| the buck stops here | trách nhiệm cuối cùng là ở đây | As CEO, I believe the buck stops here – I’m ultimately accountable for all decisions | 8-9 |
| pass the buck | đùn đẩy trách nhiệm | He always tries to pass the buck when something goes wrong | 7.5-8 |
| drop the ball | sơ suất, làm hỏng việc | I really dropped the ball on that project and let the team down | 7.5-8 |
| step up to the plate | đứng ra gánh vác | When our manager left, someone needed to step up to the plate | 7.5-8 |
| take the rap | chịu trách nhiệm (thường là tiêu cực) | He took the rap for mistakes that weren’t entirely his fault | 7.5-8 |
| fall on one’s sword | tự chịu trách nhiệm và từ chức | The minister fell on his sword after the scandal | 8-9 |
| on someone’s watch | xảy ra khi ai đó đang phụ trách | The security breach happened on my watch, so I take full responsibility | 8-9 |
| hold one’s feet to the fire | buộc ai phải chịu trách nhiệm | The media held the politician’s feet to the fire over his broken promises | 8-9 |
| throw someone under the bus | đổ lỗi cho người khác để tự bảo vệ | I can’t believe he threw his colleague under the bus to save his own job | 7.5-8 |
| carry the can | chịu trách nhiệm cho sai lầm | As the project leader, I had to carry the can when things went wrong | 7.5-8 |
| a weight off one’s shoulders | gánh nặng được cất đi | Finishing that major project was a real weight off my shoulders | 7-7.5 |
| have someone’s back | ủng hộ, bảo vệ ai đó | I know my team has my back when I make difficult decisions | 7-7.5 |
| in the hot seat | ở vị trí chịu trách nhiệm lớn | Being in the hot seat during the crisis was incredibly stressful | 7.5-8 |
| bite off more than one can chew | nhận trách nhiệm quá sức | I think I bit off more than I could chew by volunteering for three committees | 7-7.5 |
| rise to the occasion | đáp ứng được trách nhiệm khó khăn | Despite her inexperience, she really rose to the occasion | 7.5-8 |
Discourse Markers (Từ Nối Ý Trong Speaking)
Để bắt đầu câu trả lời:
- 📝 Well,… – Sử dụng khi cần một chút thời gian suy nghĩ, tạo tính tự nhiên
- Well, that’s an interesting question. I’d say…
- 📝 Actually,… – Khi muốn đưa ra góc nhìn khác hoặc thông tin bất ngờ
- Actually, my experience with responsibility was quite different from most people…
- 📝 To be honest,… – Khi muốn nói thẳng thắn, chân thành
- To be honest, I was terrified when they gave me that responsibility…
- 📝 I’d say that… – Cách mềm mại để đưa ra quan điểm
- I’d say that responsibility is one of the most important qualities in a leader…
- 📝 From my perspective,… – Thể hiện đây là quan điểm cá nhân
- From my perspective, young people today are actually more responsible than we give them credit for…
Để bổ sung ý:
- 📝 On top of that,… – Thêm vào đó (informal hơn Moreover)
- On top of that, I had to manage a tight budget…
- 📝 What’s more,… – Hơn nữa, còn nữa
- What’s more, the deadline was moved up by two weeks…
- 📝 Not to mention… – Chưa kể đến (thường là điều phức tạp hơn)
- Not to mention the fact that half the team was new…
- 📝 Another thing worth mentioning is… – Một điều khác đáng nói đến
- Another thing worth mentioning is the cultural aspect of responsibility…
- 📝 Equally important is… – Quan trọng không kém là
- Equally important is the ability to delegate tasks effectively…
Để đưa ra quan điểm cân bằng:
- 📝 On the one hand,… On the other hand,… – Một mặt… mặt khác
- On the one hand, autonomy is important. On the other hand, guidance is sometimes necessary…
- 📝 While it’s true that…, we also need to consider… – Dù đúng là… nhưng cũng cần xem xét
- While it’s true that technology makes us more accountable, we also need to consider privacy concerns…
- 📝 That said,… / Having said that,… – Tuy nhiên, dù vậy
- The experience was stressful. That said, I learned invaluable lessons…
- 📝 To some extent,… – Ở một mức độ nào đó
- To some extent, I agree that parents today are overprotective…
Để kết luận:
- 📝 All in all,… – Tóm lại, nhìn chung
- All in all, taking that responsibility was one of the best decisions I made…
- 📝 At the end of the day,… – Cuối cùng thì, sau tất cả
- At the end of the day, responsibility is about keeping your commitments…
- 📝 In essence,… – Về bản chất
- In essence, responsibility is what separates leaders from followers…
- 📝 Ultimately,… – Cuối cùng, rốt cuộc
- Ultimately, we need to find a balance between autonomy and accountability…
Grammatical Structures Ấn Tượng
1. Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện):
Mixed conditional (kết hợp type 2 và 3):
- Formula: If + past perfect, would/could + infinitive
- Ví dụ: “If I hadn’t taken that responsibility, I wouldn’t be where I am today.”
Inversion (đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện):
- Formula: Had + S + past participle, S + would have…
- Ví dụ: “Had I known how challenging it would be, I might have prepared more thoroughly.”
2. Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ):
Non-defining relative clauses:
- Ví dụ: “My manager, who had been with the company for 20 years, trusted me completely.”
- Ví dụ: “The project, which was valued at $500,000, required careful oversight.”
3. Passive Voice (Câu bị động):
Impersonal passive (It is thought/believed/said that…):
- Ví dụ: “It is widely believed that early responsibility builds character.”
- Ví dụ: “It has been suggested that modern parents shelter their children too much.”
Passive with modal verbs:
- Ví dụ: “Responsibility should be given progressively as children mature.”
- Ví dụ: “Such decisions cannot be taken lightly.”
4. Cleft Sentences (Câu chẻ):
What-cleft:
- Formula: What + S + V + is/was…
- Ví dụ: “What I found most challenging was managing people older than me.”
- Ví dụ: “What really matters is following through on your commitments.”
It-cleft:
- Formula: It + is/was + focus + that/who…
- Ví dụ: “It was the support from my team that made the difference.”
The thing that…:
- Ví dụ: “The thing that surprised me most was how quickly I adapted to the pressure.”
5. Advanced Participial Phrases:
Present participle:
- Ví dụ: “Having taken on this responsibility, I realized my true potential.”
Past participle:
- Ví dụ: “Thrust into a leadership position unexpectedly, I had to learn quickly.”
6. Inversion for Emphasis:
Negative adverbials:
- Ví dụ: “Never before had I felt such weight of responsibility.”
- Ví dụ: “Rarely do people appreciate the burden of leadership until they experience it.”
7. Wish and If only:
- Ví dụ: “Looking back, I wish I had sought more mentorship initially.”
- Ví dụ: “If only I had known then what I know now about managing people.”
8. Subjunctive Mood:
- Ví dụ: “It’s essential that everyone take responsibility for their actions.”
- Ví dụ: “I suggested that the team be given more autonomy.”
Những cấu trúc này không chỉ giúp bạn đạt điểm cao về Grammar mà còn làm cho câu nói trở nên sophisticated và natural hơn. Quan trọng là phải sử dụng chúng một cách tự nhiên, không cứng nhắc.
Hy vọng bài viết này đã cung cấp cho bạn một cái nhìn toàn diện và chi tiết về cách trả lời chủ đề “describe a situation where you had to take responsibility for something” trong IELTS Speaking. Hãy nhớ rằng, điều quan trọng nhất không phải là học thuộc những câu trả lời mẫu, mà là hiểu được chiến lược trả lời, từ vựng phù hợp, và cách phát triển ý tưởng một cách tự nhiên và thuyết phục.
Chủ đề về trách nhiệm rất practical và relevant với cuộc sống thực, vì vậy hãy sử dụng những trải nghiệm thực tế của bạn, kết hợp với vocabulary và structures từ bài viết này để tạo nên những câu trả lời authentic và impressive. Chúc bạn thành công trong kỳ thi IELTS!
