Cách Sử Dụng Finally Trong Sequence Ending IELTS – Công Thức & Ví Dụ Band 8.0

Giới Thiệu

Finally là một từ nối quan trọng trong nhóm Sequencing Words (từ chỉ trình tự) và Ending Markers (từ đánh dấu kết thúc), đặc biệt hữu ích trong kỳ thi IELTS. Cấu trúc này được sử dụng để đánh dấu bước cuối cùng trong một chuỗi sự kiện, hành động hoặc lập luận, giúp bài nói và viết của bạn có tính mạch lạc và logic cao.

Theo thống kê từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, “finally” và các cấu trúc sequence ending xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:

• Speaking: Part 2 (mô tả trải nghiệm, quy trình) và Part 3 (trình bày quan điểm có cấu trúc)
• Writing Task 2: Đoạn kết luận, liệt kê các giải pháp hoặc lý do
• Writing Task 1: Mô tả quy trình (Process) và sự thay đổi theo thời gian

Ví Dụ Vận Dụng Trong IELTS

Speaking Part 2 (Describe how you learned a skill):
“First, I watched tutorial videos online. Then, I practiced basic techniques for several weeks. Finally, I joined a local club where I could learn from experienced members.”
→ Phân tích: Finally + subject + verb, đánh dấu bước cuối cùng trong quá trình học một kỹ năng.

Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay – Environmental solutions):
“Governments should invest in renewable energy, encourage public transportation use, and finally, implement stricter regulations on industrial emissions.”
→ Phân tích: Finally kết thúc chuỗi các giải pháp được đề xuất, tạo cấu trúc rõ ràng cho đoạn văn.

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing a process):
“The recruitment process typically involves several stages. Initially, candidates submit their applications. Subsequently, they attend interviews. Finally, successful applicants receive job offers and begin their training.”
→ Phân tích: Finally xuất hiện trong ngữ cảnh mô tả quy trình chính thức, thể hiện trình độ Band 7-8.

Writing Task 1 (Process diagram):
“The manufacturing process begins with raw material selection. Next, the materials undergo heating and molding. Finally, the finished products are packaged and prepared for distribution.”
→ Phân tích: Finally đánh dấu giai đoạn kết thúc của quy trình sản xuất.

Writing Task 2 (Conclusion paragraph):
“To conclude, education reform requires adequate funding, teacher training, and finally, cooperation between all stakeholders to ensure long-term success.”
→ Phán tích: Finally nhấn mạnh yếu tố cuối cùng và quan trọng trong chuỗi yêu cầu.

Nội Dung Bài Viết

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:

✅ Định nghĩa và ý nghĩa của Finally trong Sequence Ending

✅ Công thức chi tiết với các vị trí sử dụng trong câu

✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS

✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 từ đề thi thực tế

✅ Các từ đồng nghĩa và biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+

✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách tránh

✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết

Finally Sequence Ending Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa

Finally Sequence Ending là cách sử dụng từ “finally” (cuối cùng) và các từ/cụm từ tương đương để đánh dấu bước cuối cùng, kết thúc trong một chuỗi sự kiện, hành động hoặc lập luận. Đây là một discourse marker (từ đánh dấu diễn ngôn) giúp người nghe/đọc hiểu rằng bạn đang kết thúc chuỗi thông tin đã trình bày.

Chức năng chính:

• Đánh dấu kết thúc: Chỉ ra điểm cuối cùng trong danh sách các ý tưởng, bước hoặc sự kiện
• Tạo cấu trúc logic: Giúp bài nói/viết có tổ chức rõ ràng với First → Then → Finally
• Nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng: Thường điểm cuối cùng được nhấn mạnh là quan trọng nhất hoặc kết quả của các bước trước
• Tăng tính mạch lạc: Giúp ý tưởng kết nối mượt mà, không bị rời rạc

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking: Kể câu chuyện có trình tự (Part 2), giải thích quy trình, liệt kê lý do/giải pháp (Part 3)
• Writing: Mô tả quy trình (Task 1 Process), kết luận đoạn văn, liệt kê luận điểm (Task 2)
• Listening/Reading: Nhận biết cấu trúc để nắm bắt thông tin chính xác hơn

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Ít sử dụng (10-15%) – Chỉ khi trả lời câu hỏi phức tạp yêu cầu nhiều bước
• Part 2: Xuất hiện thường xuyên (60-70%) – Đặc biệt trong các đề bài “Describe a process you learned”, “Describe an important event”, “Describe how you achieved something”
• Part 3: Sử dụng nhiều (50-60%) – Khi giải thích quan điểm có cấu trúc, phân tích vấn đề có nhiều khía cạnh

Writing:

• Task 1: Rất phổ biến trong Process Diagram (80-90%), ít hơn trong biểu đồ số liệu (20-30%)
• Task 2: Xuất hiện đều đặn (40-50%) – Trong phần kết luận đoạn body, đoạn kết bài, liệt kê giải pháp/nguyên nhân

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các bài nghe mô tả quy trình, hướng dẫn
• Cần nhận biết để nắm bắt thông tin cuối cùng – thường là thông tin quan trọng để trả lời câu hỏi

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Có thể sử dụng “finally” cơ bản nhưng thiếu đa dạng, đôi khi dùng sai vị trí
• Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác “finally” và một số từ đồng nghĩa như “lastly”, “eventually” trong nhiều ngữ cảnh khác nhau
• Band 8-9: Vận dụng linh hoạt nhiều cấu trúc sequence ending, biết khi nào dùng “finally” vs “eventually” vs “in the end”, tự nhiên và không lặp lại

Sơ đồ cấu trúc Finally Sequence Ending trong IELTS với các vị trí sử dụng phổ biến

Công Thức & Cấu Trúc

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Finally, + Subject + Verb + Complement      │
│                                             │
│ Ví dụ: Finally, I received the results.    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• Finally (Sequence marker): Trạng từ đứng đầu câu, theo sau bởi dấu phẩy, đánh dấu bước/điểm cuối cùng
• Subject (Chủ ngữ): Người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động cuối cùng
• Verb (Động từ): Hành động được thực hiện ở bước cuối
• Complement (Bổ ngữ): Thông tin bổ sung về hành động, kết quả hoặc mục đích

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu: “Finally, the government implemented comprehensive environmental policies.”

Phân tích:

• Sequence marker: Finally (đánh dấu hành động cuối cùng)
• Subject: the government (chủ ngữ – ai thực hiện)
• Verb: implemented (động từ – hành động)
• Object: comprehensive environmental policies (tân ngữ – cái gì được thực hiện)
• Ngữ cảnh: Câu này có thể xuất hiện sau khi liệt kê các biện pháp khác mà chính phủ đã thực hiện

Các Biến Thể Vị Trí

Dạng 1: Finally đứng đầu câu (phổ biến nhất – 70%)

Finally, + Subject + Verb + Complement

Ví dụ: “Finally, I managed to pass the driving test after three attempts.”

Dạng 2: Finally đứng giữa câu (sau subject)

Subject + finally + Verb + Complement

Ví dụ: “I finally understood the concept after reviewing it several times.”

Dạng 3: Finally đứng cuối câu (nhấn mạnh)

Subject + Verb + Complement + finally

Ví dụ: “The project was completed successfully finally.” (Ít formal hơn, ít dùng trong Writing)

Dạng 4: Finally trong cấu trúc liệt kê

Firstly/First, [point 1]. Secondly/Next, [point 2]. Finally, [point 3].

Ví dụ: “First, we conducted research. Next, we analyzed the data. Finally, we presented our findings to the committee.”

Dạng 5: Finally với linking verbs

Finally, it is + adjective + that clause

Ví dụ: “Finally, it is important to note that sustainable development requires international cooperation.”

Signal Words & Sequence Markers

Các từ/cụm từ đồng nghĩa và liên quan với Finally:

Signal Words	Ý nghĩa	Vị trí	Ví dụ	Band Level
Finally	Cuối cùng (trong danh sách)	Đầu câu, giữa câu	Finally, the problem was resolved.	6+
Lastly	Cuối cùng (formal)	Đầu câu	Lastly, I would like to thank everyone involved.	7+
Eventually	Cuối cùng (sau thời gian dài)	Giữa câu, đầu câu	The issue was eventually resolved after months.	7+
In the end	Cuối cùng (kết quả)	Đầu câu	In the end, we decided to postpone the event.	6+
At last	Cuối cùng (sau chờ đợi)	Đầu câu, giữa câu	At last, the rain stopped and we could continue.	6+
Ultimately	Cuối cùng (kết luận)	Đầu câu, giữa câu	Ultimately, education is the key to social progress.	8+
As a final point	Như điểm cuối cùng	Đầu câu	As a final point, technology has limitations.	8+
To conclude	Để kết luận	Đầu câu	To conclude, both approaches have merit.	7+

Sequence markers thường đi kèm:

Trình tự	Formal (Writing)	Neutral (Speaking)	Informal
Đầu tiên	Firstly, Initially, First and foremost	First, To begin with	To start
Tiếp theo	Subsequently, Secondly, Moreover	Then, Next, After that	And then
Cuối cùng	Finally, Lastly, Ultimately	Finally, In the end	At last

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS

Speaking

Part 1 – Introduction & Interview:

Part 1 ít yêu cầu chuỗi hành động phức tạp, nhưng bạn vẫn có thể sử dụng Finally để tăng độ mạch lạc khi trả lời câu hỏi có nhiều bước.

Topic thường gặp: Daily routine, Shopping habits, Learning process

Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:

Q: “How do you usually prepare for an exam?”

A: “Well, I have a structured approach. First, I review all my notes from class. Then, I practice with past papers to identify weak areas. Finally, I usually spend the night before the exam reviewing key concepts and getting enough sleep.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng chuỗi First → Then → Finally tạo câu trả lời có cấu trúc rõ ràng, thể hiện khả năng tổ chức ý tưởng tốt (Band 7 feature).

Q: “What do you do when you go shopping?”

A: “I typically make a shopping list beforehand. Next, I compare prices at different stores, either online or in person. Finally, I make my purchase from the shop offering the best value.”

→ Phân tích: Finally đánh dấu quyết định cuối cùng sau các bước chuẩn bị, cho thấy tư duy logic.

Part 2 – Long Turn:

Part 2 là nơi lý tưởng để sử dụng sequence ending, đặc biệt với các đề bài mô tả trải nghiệm, quá trình, hoặc cách đạt được điều gì đó.

Cue card example:

Describe a difficult task you completed successfully.
You should say:

• What the task was
• Why it was difficult
• How you completed it
• And explain how you felt about it

Sample answer (Band 8):

“I’d like to talk about organizing a charity event for my university, which was one of the most challenging projects I’ve ever undertaken.

The task involved coordinating a fundraising concert with multiple performers, securing sponsors, and managing a team of 20 volunteers. Initially, it seemed overwhelming because I had never organized such a large-scale event before, and the budget was extremely limited.

To tackle this challenge, I broke it down into manageable steps. First, I created a detailed timeline and assigned specific responsibilities to team members. Then, I reached out to local businesses for sponsorship, which took weeks of persistent communication. We also had to handle unexpected problems, such as a performer canceling just days before the event.

Finally, after three months of intensive preparation, the concert took place successfully. We raised over 50,000,000 VND for underprivileged children, which far exceeded our initial target. The sense of accomplishment was incredible, especially seeing how our collective effort made a real difference in the community. This experience taught me valuable lessons about leadership, perseverance, and the power of teamwork.”

→ Phân tích Band 8 features:

• Sử dụng sequence markers tự nhiên (Initially, First, Then, Finally)
• Finally đánh dấu kết quả sau quá trình dài
• Kết hợp với thì hoàn thành (had never organized) và câu phức
• Vocabulary đa dạng (overwhelming, intensive preparation, exceeded target)

Part 3 – Discussion:

Part 3 yêu cầu trả lời có chiều sâu với nhiều quan điểm, nên sequence ending giúp cấu trúc câu trả lời logic.

Typical questions:

Q: “What skills do young people need to succeed in modern society?”

A (Band 7-8): “I believe there are several essential skills. Firstly, digital literacy is crucial since technology permeates almost every aspect of work and daily life. Young people need to understand not just how to use technology, but also how to evaluate information critically.

Secondly, soft skills like communication and teamwork are invaluable. Even in technical fields, the ability to collaborate effectively with colleagues and articulate ideas clearly makes a significant difference.

Finally, I think adaptability is perhaps the most important skill. The modern workplace changes rapidly, with new industries emerging and others becoming obsolete. Young people who can learn quickly and adjust to new situations will have the greatest advantage in their careers.”

→ Phân tích: Finally nhấn mạnh kỹ năng được coi là quan trọng nhất, tạo climax cho câu trả lời. Cấu trúc Firstly → Secondly → Finally thể hiện khả năng tổ chức ý tưởng xuất sắc.

Q: “How has technology changed the way people communicate?”

A (Band 8+): “Technology has transformed communication in multiple ways. Initially, it increased the speed and convenience of messaging through email and text. Subsequently, social media platforms enabled people to maintain connections across vast distances and share experiences instantly.

Finally, and perhaps most significantly, video calling technology has revolutionized both personal and professional communication. During the pandemic, this became particularly evident as businesses and families relied on platforms like Zoom to maintain relationships and continue operations. This final development has arguably brought digital communication closest to replicating face-to-face interaction.”

→ Phân tích Band 8+ features: Sử dụng “Finally, and perhaps most significantly” – cấu trúc nhấn mạnh kép thể hiện sophistication. Kết hợp với present perfect (has transformed, has revolutionized) cho thấy grammar range.

Ví dụ minh họa sử dụng Finally trong IELTS Speaking Part 2 với cue card và câu trả lời mẫu

Writing Task 1

Khi nào dùng:

• Process Diagram (Quy trình): Finally xuất hiện rất thường xuyên (80-90% các bài) để mô tả bước cuối cùng
• Maps (Bản đồ): Ít sử dụng hơn, chỉ khi mô tả theo trình tự thời gian
• Charts/Graphs (Biểu đồ): Hiếm khi dùng, chỉ trong đoạn kết hoặc mô tả xu hướng cuối

Process Diagram Example:

Task: The diagram below shows the process of producing smoked fish.

Sample paragraph (Band 8):

“The production of smoked fish involves several distinct stages, beginning with the preparation of fresh fish and culminating in the packaging of the final product.

Initially, fresh fish are cleaned thoroughly and any scales are removed. The fish are then placed in a salt water solution, where they remain for approximately 30 minutes to enhance preservation and flavor. Following this brining process, the fish are hung on racks in preparation for smoking.

Subsequently, the fish undergo smoking in a specialized chamber heated to between 80 and 90 degrees Celsius. This smoking phase lasts for several hours, during which the fish develop their characteristic color and taste. Finally, once the smoking is complete, the fish are removed from the chamber, allowed to cool, and then packaged in sealed containers ready for distribution to retailers.

Overall, the entire process from fresh fish to packaged product typically takes approximately six to eight hours.”

→ Phân tích: Finally đánh dấu rõ ràng bước cuối cùng trong quy trình 4-5 bước. Kết hợp với passive voice (are removed, are packaged) – cấu trúc chuẩn cho Process Task 1.

Life Cycle Example:

Task: The diagram shows the life cycle of a butterfly.

Sample paragraph:

“The life cycle of a butterfly consists of four main stages, starting with the egg and ending with the adult butterfly.

The cycle begins when a female butterfly lays tiny eggs on plant leaves. After approximately one week, caterpillars emerge from these eggs and immediately begin feeding on leaves to grow rapidly. This larval stage lasts for several weeks.

Next, the caterpillar forms a protective case called a pupa or chrysalis around itself. Inside this casing, a remarkable transformation occurs over the course of 10 to 14 days. Finally, the adult butterfly emerges from the chrysalis with fully developed wings. After allowing its wings to dry and strengthen, the butterfly can fly and the cycle begins again when it reproduces.”

→ Phân tích: Finally đánh dấu giai đoạn cuối và quan trọng nhất của chu kỳ sống. Sử dụng present simple (emerges, begins) – thì chuẩn cho Life Cycle.

Writing Task 2

Essay types sử dụng Finally:

Writing Task 2 sử dụng Finally linh hoạt hơn, đặc biệt trong đoạn body khi liệt kê lý do/giải pháp và trong đoạn kết luận.

Opinion Essay:

Topic: Some people believe that the government should invest more in public services rather than in the arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Body paragraph (Band 7-8):

“There are several compelling reasons why government investment in public services should take priority. Firstly, essential services such as healthcare and education directly impact the quality of life for all citizens. When hospitals are well-funded, people receive better medical treatment, leading to improved public health outcomes. Secondly, investment in infrastructure, including roads and public transportation, facilitates economic growth by enabling efficient movement of goods and people.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, social welfare programs provide a safety net for vulnerable members of society. Adequate funding for unemployment benefits, disability support, and housing assistance ensures that no citizen is left behind during difficult times. While the arts certainly have cultural value, these fundamental public services address basic human needs and therefore deserve greater priority in government budgets.”

→ Phán tích: Finally đi kèm “and perhaps most importantly” tạo emphatic structure, nhấn mạnh luận điểm mạnh nhất để kết thúc đoạn. Thể hiện khả năng prioritize arguments (Band 8 feature).

Problem-Solution Essay:

Topic: Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem in many cities. What are the causes and what measures can be taken to solve this problem?

Solution paragraph (Band 8):

“To address urban traffic congestion, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. Initially, city authorities should invest heavily in public transportation infrastructure. Expanding metro systems, adding bus rapid transit lanes, and ensuring frequent and reliable services would encourage more people to leave their private vehicles at home.

Additionally, implementing congestion pricing in city centers, as successfully done in London and Singapore, can significantly reduce traffic volume during peak hours. This economic disincentive makes drivers think twice before entering congested areas.

Finally, promoting alternative transportation methods such as cycling and walking through the construction of dedicated lanes and pedestrian-friendly zones can reduce the number of vehicles on roads. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have demonstrated that when safe infrastructure exists, citizens readily adopt these healthier and more sustainable transport options.

Through the combination of these measures, cities can gradually alleviate traffic congestion while simultaneously reducing pollution and improving residents’ quality of life.”

→ Phân tích: Finally kết thúc chuỗi 3 giải pháp (Initially → Additionally → Finally), tạo cấu trúc logic chặt chẽ. Kết hợp với real-world examples (Copenhagen, Amsterdam) tăng credibility – Band 8 feature.

Discussion Essay:

Topic: Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others believe individuals can make a difference. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Conclusion paragraph (Band 8-9):

“In conclusion, while it is true that large-scale environmental issues like climate change require coordinated government action and international cooperation, this does not diminish the significant role individuals can play. Small personal changes, when adopted by millions of people, create substantial cumulative impact. Moreover, individual actions demonstrate public concern, which in turn pressures governments and corporations to implement broader reforms. Finally, by taking personal responsibility for environmental stewardship, individuals not only contribute to tangible solutions but also foster a cultural shift toward sustainability that will benefit future generations. Therefore, rather than viewing individual and collective action as separate, we should recognize them as complementary forces in addressing environmental challenges.”

→ Phân tích: Finally trong conclusion paragraph tổng hợp và nâng lên mức cao hơn (philosophical level), thể hiện depth of thinking. Kết hợp với complex sentences và sophisticated vocabulary (environmental stewardship, complementary forces) – đặc trưng Band 9.

Advantage-Disadvantage Essay:

Topic: More and more people are working from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

Disadvantages paragraph:

“Despite its benefits, remote work also presents several significant drawbacks. Firstly, the lack of face-to-face interaction can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly for extroverted individuals who thrive on social connection. Many remote workers report missing the camaraderie and spontaneous collaboration that occurs in traditional office settings.

Secondly, the blurring of boundaries between work and personal life often results in longer working hours and increased stress. When one’s home becomes one’s office, it becomes difficult to ‘switch off’ mentally, leading to burnout.

Finally, remote work can hinder career progression for some employees. Without regular in-person visibility, workers may be overlooked for promotions or important projects. Additionally, junior employees miss out on mentorship opportunities and informal learning that naturally occurs in shared physical workspaces.”

→ Phân tích: Finally đánh dấu disadvantage thứ ba và cuối cùng. Sử dụng cohesive devices đa dạng (Firstly, Secondly, Finally) + topic-specific vocabulary (camaraderie, burnout, mentorship) = Band 7-8.

Sample Paragraphs Band 7-9

Band 7 Sample – Describing Changes:

Topic: Changes in your hometown

“My hometown has undergone significant transformation over the past decade. Initially, it was a quiet agricultural area with mostly farmland and small villages. Then, around 2015, the government initiated an urban development plan that brought major changes. New residential complexes were constructed, attracting young families from surrounding areas. Shopping centers and entertainment facilities soon followed, completely changing the local economy. Finally, last year a new highway was completed, connecting our town directly to the capital city. This improved accessibility has made my hometown an increasingly popular place to live, though some residents miss the peaceful atmosphere we once enjoyed. Overall, while development has brought economic opportunities, it has also altered the character of the community.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Sử dụng Finally chính xác trong chuỗi thời gian (Initially → Then → Finally)
• Grammar: Mix of tenses (present perfect, past simple) sử dụng đúng
• Vocabulary: Good range (underwent transformation, initiated, accessibility)
• Cohesion: Clear paragraph structure với linking words
• Điểm hạn chế: Có thể thêm complex sentences và sophisticated vocabulary để lên Band 8

Band 8 Sample – Technological Impact:

Topic: Impact of smartphones on society

“The advent of smartphones has fundamentally revolutionized modern society in ways both profound and subtle. Initially, these devices simply combined the functionality of phones and basic computers, offering convenience through email access and internet browsing. Subsequently, as app ecosystems matured, smartphones evolved into indispensable tools that mediate nearly every aspect of contemporary life—from banking and navigation to health monitoring and social interaction.

Finally, the most transformative impact has been the democratization of information and connectivity. Previously marginalized populations now have access to educational resources, economic opportunities, and platforms to amplify their voices. A farmer in rural Vietnam can check market prices, a student in a remote area can access world-class lectures, and grassroots movements can organize and mobilize with unprecedented speed. This fundamental shift in information access has arguably been the most equalizing force in modern history, though it has simultaneously created new challenges regarding privacy, misinformation, and digital addiction that society is only beginning to grapple with.”

Phân tích Band 8:

• Sequence markers: Initially → Subsequently → Finally with sophisticated transitions
• Grammar range: Present perfect (has revolutionized), complex sentences with relative clauses, noun phrases (democratization of information)
• Vocabulary: Advanced academic words (advent, indispensable, democratization, marginalized, unprecedented)
• Development: Each point fully developed with specific examples
• Critical thinking: Balanced view showing both positive impact and challenges

Band 9 Sample – Environmental Philosophy:

Topic: Individual vs collective responsibility for environmental protection

“The debate surrounding environmental responsibility often presents a false dichotomy between individual action and systemic change, when in reality these approaches exist in a symbiotic relationship. Initially, it may appear that individual efforts—recycling, reducing plastic use, conserving energy—pale in comparison to the environmental footprint of multinational corporations and inefficient government policies. Indeed, research indicates that just 100 companies are responsible for 71% of global emissions, seemingly rendering personal choices insignificant by comparison.

However, this perspective overlooks the subtle yet powerful ways in which individual behavior shapes collective outcomes. Subsequently, as growing numbers of consumers demonstrate preference for sustainable products, market forces compel corporations to adapt their practices. The proliferation of electric vehicles, plant-based food alternatives, and renewable energy adoption illustrates how aggregated individual choices can catalyze industry-wide transformation. Moreover, individual engagement in environmental issues creates an informed citizenry that demands accountability from political and corporate leaders.

Finally, perhaps the most compelling argument for individual action lies not in its direct environmental impact but in its capacity to foster the cultural paradigm shift necessary for sustainable civilization. When individuals consciously align their daily choices with environmental values, they cultivate a conservation ethic that permeates social institutions, educational systems, and eventually policy frameworks. This cultural evolution—from viewing nature as a resource to be exploited toward recognizing humanity’s interdependence with ecological systems—represents the fundamental transformation required to address environmental crises effectively. Thus, individual responsibility should not be dismissed as inconsequential but rather recognized as the essential foundation upon which systemic change is built, with each reinforcing the other in an iterative process of social evolution.”

Phân tích Band 9:

• Sophisticated structure: Three-part argument với depth progression
• Finally usage: Đánh dấu insight sâu nhất, philosophical level (not just practical)
• Grammar complexity: Multiple embedded clauses, perfect participles (seemingly rendering), nominalization (proliferation, aggregated)
• Lexical resource: Band 9 vocabulary (symbiotic relationship, false dichotomy, catalyze, paradigm shift, iterative process)
• Coherence: Seamless flow với sophisticated discourse markers
• Critical thinking: Nuanced argument transcending simple pro/con, showing philosophical depth
• Development: Each paragraph extensively developed with evidence, examples, and implications

So sánh cách sử dụng Finally trong các bài viết IELTS Band 7 8 và 9

Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác

Finally + Emphatic Structures:

“Finally, and perhaps most significantly, climate change represents an existential threat requiring immediate action.”
→ Band 8+ feature: Kết hợp Finally với “perhaps most significantly/importantly” để nhấn mạnh kép, thể hiện ability to prioritize arguments.

“Finally, it is crucial to recognize that education reform cannot succeed without adequate teacher training.”
→ Sophisticated opening: Finally + It is + adjective + to infinitive structure.

Finally + Complex Conditionals:

“Finally, if governments were to invest sufficiently in renewable energy, we could significantly reduce carbon emissions within a decade.”
→ Band 8 feature: Finally mở đầu cho conditional type 2, thể hiện hypothetical solution.

“Finally, had technological advances not occurred, many of these environmental monitoring capabilities would have been impossible.”
→ Band 9 feature: Finally + inverted conditional (had…not), showing grammatical sophistication.

Finally + Passive Voice Academic Style:

“Finally, it must be emphasized that sustainable development cannot be achieved through economic growth alone.”
→ Band 8 structure: Finally + modal passive (must be + past participle), formal academic tone.

“Finally, it should be noted that these findings may not be generalizable to all contexts.”
→ Research-style language: Finally + modal + passive reporting verb, thể hiện academic register.

Finally + Participle Clauses:

“Finally, having examined all available evidence, we can conclude that the policy has been largely successful.”
→ Band 8+ feature: Finally + perfect participle clause showing completed action before main verb.

“Finally, recognizing the complexity of this issue, policymakers must adopt a nuanced approach.”
→ Sophisticated structure: Finally + present participle (recognizing) + main clause.

Finally + Relative Clauses:

“Finally, there is the question of accessibility, which remains a significant barrier for many users.”
→ Band 7-8: Finally introducing a point elaborated with non-defining relative clause.

“Finally, it is the cumulative effect of small changes that ultimately determines success.”
→ Band 8: Finally + cleft sentence (It is…that) for emphasis, sophisticated syntax.

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao

Academic collocations với Finally:

Collocation	Ví dụ	Band Level	Context
Finally, it is worth noting that…	Finally, it is worth noting that correlation does not imply causation.	8+	Academic qualification
Finally, it must be acknowledged that…	Finally, it must be acknowledged that no solution is without drawbacks.	8+	Showing balance
Finally, and most critically…	Finally, and most critically, time is running out to address climate change.	8+	Urgent emphasis
Finally, from a broader perspective…	Finally, from a broader perspective, this issue reflects systemic inequality.	8-9	Showing analytical depth
Finally, it merits consideration that…	Finally, it merits consideration that cultural factors play a significant role.	9	Formal academic
Finally, one cannot overlook the fact that…	Finally, one cannot overlook the fact that technology has limitations.	8+	Emphatic statement
Finally, it is imperative to recognize…	Finally, it is imperative to recognize that education is a fundamental right.	8+	Strong recommendation
Finally, turning to the question of…	Finally, turning to the question of implementation, several challenges emerge.	8+	Topic transition

Variations for different essay sections:

Context	Advanced Expression	Example
Conclusion paragraph	In final analysis	In final analysis, both approaches have merit but must be carefully balanced.
Last point in argument	As a final consideration	As a final consideration, we must examine the long-term implications.
Ending process description	Upon completion	Upon completion of these steps, the product is ready for market.
Introducing final solution	As a last resort	As a last resort, governments may need to implement stricter regulations.
Philosophical conclusion	Ultimately, what matters most is…	Ultimately, what matters most is not the technology itself but how we use it.

Câu Phức & Ghép

Tích hợp vào câu phức với subordinate clauses:

“Finally, although implementation will be challenging, the benefits of this policy far outweigh the costs, particularly when we consider the long-term implications for future generations.”
→ Band 8 structure: Finally + concession clause (although) + main clause + time clause (when), demonstrating multiple clause types.

“Finally, because resources are finite and demands are increasing, societies must prioritize sustainability over short-term economic gains if they wish to ensure prosperity for future generations.”
→ Band 8-9: Finally + causal clause (because) + main clause + conditional clause (if), complex reasoning structure.

Compound sentences với coordinating conjunctions:

“Finally, governments must take decisive action, yet this action must be balanced with respect for individual freedoms, and implementation requires careful consideration of cultural contexts.”
→ Band 8: Finally opening compound sentence with three independent clauses connected by yet/and, showing sophisticated coordination.

Using Finally with correlative conjunctions:

“Finally, not only must individuals change their behavior, but governments and corporations must also accept responsibility for systemic change.”
→ Band 8+ structure: Finally + not only…but also for emphatic parallel structure.

Complex-compound sentences:

“Finally, while technological solutions are important, what ultimately determines success is human commitment to change, which requires both education and incentivization, and this dual approach has proven effective in various contexts.”
→ Band 9: Finally + subordinate clause (while) + main clause + relative clause (which) + coordinating conjunction (and) + demonstrative (this), showing masterful sentence building.

Finally in conditional-result chains:

“Finally, if current trends continue, and if governments fail to act decisively, then the consequences will be irreversible, which means that the window for effective action is rapidly closing.”
→ Band 8-9: Finally + double conditional + result + relative clause explaining implication, sophisticated logical flow.

So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự

Finally vs Eventually vs In the end

Tiêu chí	Finally	Eventually	In the end
Công thức	Finally, + sentence hoặc Subject + finally + verb	Subject + eventually + verb hoặc Eventually, + sentence	In the end, + sentence
Ý nghĩa chính	Cuối cùng (trong danh sách/trình tự)	Cuối cùng (sau thời gian dài/khó khăn)	Cuối cùng (kết quả sau cân nhắc/sự kiện)
Nhấn mạnh	Vị trí cuối trong sequence	Quá trình mất thời gian	Kết quả hoặc quyết định
Formal level	Neutral-Formal	Neutral	Informal-Neutral
Vị trí	Đầu câu (có dấu phẩy) hoặc giữa câu	Giữa câu (thường) hoặc đầu câu	Đầu câu (có dấu phẩy)
Dùng khi	Kết thúc danh sách, bước cuối quy trình	Điều gì đó xảy ra sau chờ đợi/nỗ lực	Kết luận sau các sự kiện/cân nhắc
IELTS Context	Writing Task 1 (process), liệt kê luận điểm	Speaking (kể chuyện), Writing (miêu tả quá trình thay đổi)	Speaking (kể kết quả), Writing (conclusion)
Ví dụ	Finally, the mixture is packaged and shipped.	I eventually learned to drive after failing the test three times.	In the end, we decided to postpone the meeting.

Chi tiết so sánh:

Khi nào dùng FINALLY:

• Khi liệt kê các điểm: “Firstly… Secondly… Finally…”
• Mô tả bước cuối trong quy trình: “Finally, the product is tested.”
• Nhấn mạnh điểm cuối cùng trong lập luận
• Formal writing và academic contexts

Ví dụ cặp đối chiếu:
✅ “First, mix the ingredients. Then, heat the mixture. Finally, pour it into molds.”
❌ “First, mix the ingredients. Then, heat the mixture. Eventually, pour it into molds.” (SAI – eventually không dùng cho sequence)

Khi nào dùng EVENTUALLY:

• Khi điều gì đó xảy ra sau thời gian dài: “I studied hard and eventually passed the exam.”
• Mô tả quá trình với khó khăn: “The problem was eventually resolved.”
• Kể câu chuyện có yếu tố thời gian
• Không dùng để liệt kê trong danh sách

Ví dụ cặp đối chiếu:
✅ “After months of negotiation, the two countries eventually reached an agreement.”
❌ “There are three solutions. Eventually, governments should invest in education.” (SAI – phải dùng Finally)

Khi nào dùng IN THE END:

• Kết luận về kết quả: “In the end, the project was successful.”
• Sau khi xem xét các lựa chọn: “In the end, we chose the cheaper option.”
• Informal hơn, thường dùng trong Speaking
• Có thể thay thế bằng “ultimately” trong Writing

Ví dụ cặp đối chiếu:
✅ “We considered many locations but in the end chose Paris for our vacation.”
✅ “After much deliberation, ultimately we decided to accept the offer.” (Formal version)

Lastly vs Finally

Tiêu chí	Finally	Lastly
Formality	Neutral	More formal
Frequency	Very common	Less common
Best context	All contexts	Formal presentations, academic writing
Flexibility	Can express time/sequence/conclusion	Primarily sequence
Multiple meanings	Yes (sequence + after long time)	No (only sequence)
IELTS preference	More natural in Speaking	Better in formal Writing

Ví dụ có thể thay thế:
“Finally/Lastly, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to this project.”
→ Cả hai đều đúng, nhưng “lastly” formal hơn, thích hợp cho academic presentation.

Ví dụ KHÔNG thể thay thế:
“After years of hard work, she finally achieved her goal.”
❌ “After years of hard work, she lastly achieved her goal.” (SAI – lastly không có nghĩa “sau thời gian dài”)

At last vs Finally

At last – Nhấn mạnh cảm xúc nhẹ nhõm, giải tỏa sau chờ đợi lâu:

“At last, the rain stopped and we could continue our journey.”
→ Có cảm xúc: chờ đợi, mong mỏi, nhẹ nhõm

“Finally, the rain stopped and we could continue our journey.”
→ Neutral: chỉ đơn thuần mô tả sự kiện cuối cùng

At last ít formal hơn, thường xuất hiện trong:

• Speaking (kể chuyện cá nhân)
• Informal writing
• Fiction, narrative writing

IELTS recommendation:

• Speaking Part 2 (personal story): At last tốt vì thể hiện emotion
• Writing Task 2: Finally an toàn hơn vì neutral và academic
• Writing Task 1 (process): Chỉ dùng Finally, không dùng At last

Bảng so sánh chi tiết giữa Finally Eventually và In the end trong IELTS

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Dùng Finally thay cho Eventually

❌ SAI:
“I practiced every day and finally could play the guitar well after two years.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I practiced every day and eventually could play the guitar well after two years.”

HOẶC:

“I practiced every day and finally mastered the guitar after two years.”

Giải thích:
“Finally” thường dùng cho sequence (bước cuối) hoặc kết quả sau nỗ lực ngắn hạn. “Eventually” dùng cho quá trình dài, nhấn mạnh thời gian trôi qua. Trong câu này, “after two years” chỉ ra quá trình dài nên “eventually” phù hợp hơn.

Lưu ý:

• Finally + achieved/completed/finished (hành động hoàn tất)
• Eventually + learned/understood/became (quá trình phát triển)

Thêm ví dụ:
❌ “The company finally became profitable after 10 years of losses.”
✅ “The company eventually became profitable after 10 years of losses.”

Lỗi 2: Quên dấu phẩy sau Finally ở đầu câu

❌ SAI:
“Finally the government announced new policies to address climate change.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Finally, the government announced new policies to address climate change.”

Giải thích:
Khi “finally” đứng đầu câu, LUÔN LUÔN phải có dấu phẩy sau nó. Đây là quy tắc punctuation cơ bản nhưng nhiều học viên Việt Nam thường quên vì trong tiếng Việt không có quy tắc tương tự rõ ràng.

Lưu ý:

• Đầu câu: Finally, + sentence ✅
• Giữa câu: Subject + finally + verb (không cần dấu phẩy) ✅
• Cuối câu: Hiếm dùng trong formal writing ⚠️

So sánh đúng – sai:
❌ “Finally we reached an agreement.”
✅ “Finally, we reached an agreement.”
✅ “We finally reached an agreement.” (không cần dấu phẩy vì finally ở giữa)

Lỗi 3: Dùng Finally không phù hợp với ngữ cảnh

❌ SAI:
“I like many sports. I enjoy swimming, running, and finally, basketball.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I like many sports. I enjoy swimming, running, and basketball.”

HOẶC (nếu muốn nhấn mạnh thứ tự ưu tiên):

“I like several sports, particularly swimming and running, but most of all, basketball.”

Giải thích:
“Finally” dùng để kết thúc danh sách formal hoặc có ý nghĩa logic (bước 1, 2, 3). Trong câu trên, chỉ đơn giản liệt kê sở thích nên không cần “finally”. Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh môn thể thao yêu thích nhất, dùng “most of all” hoặc “especially” phù hợp hơn.

Lưu ý:

• Finally phù hợp: Trong arguments, process, formal lists
• Không phù hợp: Simple preference lists, casual conversations

Ví dụ thêm:
❌ “I visited Paris, Rome, and finally, Barcelona last summer.”
✅ “I visited Paris, Rome, and Barcelona last summer.”
✅ “My trip included Paris, Rome, and finally, Barcelona, where I concluded my European tour.” (Đúng nếu có ý nghĩa kết thúc hành trình)

Lỗi 4: Lạm dụng Finally trong một đoạn văn

❌ SAI:
“There are several solutions to traffic congestion. Finally, governments should invest in public transport. Finally, people should use bicycles more. Finally, companies should allow remote work.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“There are several solutions to traffic congestion. Firstly, governments should invest in public transport. Secondly, people should use bicycles more. Finally, companies should allow remote work.”

Giải thích:
Chỉ sử dụng “finally” MỘT LẦN để đánh dấu điểm cuối cùng. Nếu dùng nhiều lần sẽ gây confusion và thể hiện poor organization. Cần dùng sequence markers khác nhau: Firstly/First → Secondly/Additionally → Finally.

Lưu ý:
Sequence markers cho nhiều điểm (3-4 points):

• First/Firstly/To begin with
• Second/Secondly/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally
• Third/Thirdly/In addition (nếu có 4+ điểm)
• Finally/Lastly (chỉ cho điểm cuối)

Pattern đúng cho 3 points:
✅ “Firstly… Secondly… Finally…”
✅ “First… Then/Next… Finally…”
✅ “To begin with… Moreover… Finally…”

Lỗi 5: Nhầm lẫn Finally với At last trong formal writing

❌ SAI (Writing Task 2):
“After decades of debate, governments at last recognized the importance of environmental protection.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“After decades of debate, governments finally recognized the importance of environmental protection.”

Giải thích:
“At last” mang tính cảm xúc, informal, phù hợp Speaking hoặc creative writing. Trong IELTS Writing Task 2 (academic essay), nên dùng “finally” hoặc “eventually” để giữ academic tone.

Lưu ý:

• Writing Task 1 & 2: Finally/Eventually ✅, At last ❌
• Speaking Part 2 & 3: Cả ba đều OK, “at last” thể hiện emotion ✅
• Formal presentation: Finally/Ultimately ✅, At last ❌

So sánh contexts:
✅ Speaking: “I searched everywhere and at last found my keys under the sofa!” (Emotional, personal)
✅ Writing: “After extensive research, scientists finally identified the cause of the disease.” (Neutral, academic)

Bonus – Lỗi 6: Dùng sai thì động từ với Finally

❌ SAI:
“Finally, I am completing my project after three months.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Finally, I have completed my project after three months.”

HOẶC:

“Finally, I completed my project after three months.”

Giải thích:
Khi “finally” diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành (sau thời gian chờ đợi/nỗ lực), dùng Present Perfect hoặc Past Simple, KHÔNG dùng Present Continuous. Present Continuous thể hiện hành động đang diễn ra, mâu thuẫn với ý nghĩa “hoàn tất” của “finally”.

Correct tense usage với Finally:

• Present Perfect: “I have finally finished…” (nhấn mạnh kết quả)
• Past Simple: “I finally finished…” (nhấn mạnh thời điểm)
• Past Perfect: “I had finally finished when…” (sequence trong quá khứ)
• Future: “I will finally finish…” (dự đoán)
  ❌ Present Continuous: “I am finally finishing…” (SAI trong hầu hết contexts)

Top 5 Mistakes Vietnamese Learners Make

Tổng hợp 5 lỗi phổ biến nhất:

1. Confusion với Eventually (60% học viên) – Dùng “finally” khi nên dùng “eventually” cho time duration
2. Missing comma (50% học viên) – Quên dấu phẩy sau “Finally” ở đầu câu
3. Overuse (40% học viên) – Dùng “finally” nhiều lần trong một đoạn thay vì vary sequence markers
4. Wrong context (35% học viên) – Dùng “finally” trong simple lists không cần sequence
5. Informal register (25% học viên) – Dùng “at last” trong formal writing thay vì “finally”

Cách tránh:

• Học thuộc công thức: Finally (sequence) vs Eventually (time duration)
• Practice punctuation drills
• Học synonym set: First → Moreover → Finally
• Phân biệt formal/informal contexts
• Đọc nhiều sample essays để absorb natural usage

Infographic minh họa 5 lỗi thường gặp khi sử dụng Finally trong IELTS

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Điền Từ

Hoàn thành câu với: Finally / Eventually / In the end / At last / Lastly

1. I studied English for many years and __ became fluent enough to work internationally.

2. __, I would like to emphasize the importance of sustainable development.

3. First, we need to identify the problem. Then, we should analyze possible solutions. __, we must implement the most effective approach.

4. After waiting for three hours, the doctor __ called my name.

5. We considered many options but __ decided to invest in renewable energy.

6. The recipe is simple. Mix the ingredients, heat the mixture, and __, pour it into a baking tray.

7. The rescue team searched through the night and __ found the missing hikers.

8. __, after decades of negotiation, the two nations signed a peace treaty.

9. First, preheat the oven. Next, prepare the dough. __, bake for 20 minutes.

10. Technology has __ transformed the education sector beyond recognition.

11. There are three main causes of climate change. __, deforestation contributes to carbon emissions.

12. He applied to dozens of universities and __ received an acceptance letter from Oxford.

13. __, it is worth noting that no solution is perfect and compromises are necessary.

14. The lost wallet was __ returned to its owner after being found by an honest citizen.

15. We tried many approaches and __ succeeded by combining traditional and modern methods.

Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau và sửa lại:

1. Finally I managed to complete my thesis after two years of intensive research. [❌]

2. There are many benefits of exercise. Finally it improves physical health. Finally it enhances mental wellbeing. Finally it increases social connections. [❌]

3. After months of practice, I finally am passing the driving test. [❌]

4. I enjoy reading novels, watching movies, and finally, listening to music. [❌]

5. The presentation will cover three topics. First, market analysis. Second, financial projections. At last, implementation strategy. [❌]

6. She worked hard every day and finally learned French after six months. [❌]

7. In the end the committee voted to approve the proposal. [❌]

8. Scientists have finally discovering a cure for the disease. [❌]

9. Initially, we considered option A. Subsequently, we evaluated option B. Ultimately, we are choosing option C. [❌]

10. The construction process involves site preparation, building foundation, and finally constructing walls and roof. [❌]

Bài Tập 3: Viết Câu Hoàn Chỉnh

Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng Finally và các từ gợi ý:

1. (government / implement / new policy / after / long debate)
   → Your answer: ___

2. (first / research / then / plan / finally / execute)
   → Your answer: ___

3. (technology / finally / make / education / accessible / everyone)
   → Your answer: ___

4. (describe process / making coffee / use finally / last step)
   → Your answer: ___

5. (three solutions / traffic congestion / use finally / third solution)
   → Your answer: ___

Bài Tập 4: Chọn Từ Đúng

Chọn từ đúng trong ngoặc:

1. After years of effort, the team (finally/eventually/lastly) won the championship in 2023.

2. (Finally/Eventually/At last), I would like to thank all participants for their contributions.

3. The manufacturing process has five stages. (Finally/At last/In the end), the products are packaged for shipping.

4. We considered several options and (finally/in the end/lastly) chose the most cost-effective solution.

5. She studied medicine for eight years and (finally/eventually/at last) became a qualified doctor.

Bài Tập 5: Viết Đoạn Văn

Viết một đoạn văn (100-120 từ) về ONE of the following topics, sử dụng Finally ít nhất 2 lần một cách tự nhiên:

Topic 1: Describe the process of preparing for IELTS
Topic 2: Discuss three solutions to environmental problems
Topic 3: Explain how technology has changed education (three main points)

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Đáp Án & Giải Thích Chi Tiết

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1:

1. eventually – Quá trình dài (many years) → eventually

2. Lastly/Finally – Formal conclusion trong presentation → cả hai đều đúng, lastly formal hơn

3. Finally – Sequence marker cuối cùng trong First → Then → Finally

4. finally/at last – Sau chờ đợi (three hours), cả hai đều đúng nhưng “at last” có cảm xúc hơn

5. in the end – Kết luận sau cân nhắc (considered many options)

6. finally – Bước cuối trong recipe (Mix → heat → finally pour)

7. finally/eventually – Sau tìm kiếm lâu (through the night), cả hai đều OK

8. Eventually/Finally – “Eventually” tốt hơn vì nhấn mạnh “decades”, hoặc “Finally, after decades”

9. Finally – Sequence trong instructions (First → Next → Finally)

10. eventually – Quá trình chuyển đổi qua thời gian → eventually transformed

11. Finally/Lastly – Giới thiệu điểm cuối cùng trong danh sách causes

12. eventually/finally – Cả hai đều đúng; eventually nhấn mạnh process (applied to dozens), finally nhấn mạnh success

13. Finally – Academic phrase “Finally, it is worth noting that…”

14. eventually/finally – Cả hai đều đúng, eventually nhấn mạnh thời gian tìm kiếm

15. eventually/finally – “Eventually” tốt hơn vì “tried many approaches” → long process

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2:

1. ❌ “Finally I managed”
   ✅ “Finally, I managed”
   Lỗi: Thiếu dấu phẩy sau Finally ở đầu câu

2. ❌ “Finally… Finally… Finally…”
   ✅ “Firstly, it improves physical health. Secondly, it enhances mental wellbeing. Finally, it increases social connections.”
   Lỗi: Lặp lại Finally nhiều lần, cần dùng Firstly → Secondly → Finally

3. ❌ “I finally am passing”
   ✅ “I finally passed” hoặc “I have finally passed”
   Lỗi: Dùng Present Continuous với finally khi nói về completed action

4. ❌ “reading novels, watching movies, and finally, listening to music”
   ✅ “reading novels, watching movies, and listening to music” (bỏ finally)
   Lỗi: Finally không cần thiết trong simple preference list

5. ❌ “At last, implementation strategy”
   ✅ “Finally, implementation strategy”
   Lỗi: At last quá informal cho formal presentation context

6. ❌ “finally learned French after six months”
   ✅ “eventually learned French after six months” hoặc “finally mastered French”
   Lỗi: “After six months” chỉ thời gian dài → eventually phù hợp hơn

7. ❌ “In the end the committee”
   ✅ “In the end, the committee”
   Lỗi: Thiếu dấu phẩy sau In the end

8. ❌ “finally discovering”
   ✅ “finally discovered” hoặc “have finally discovered”
   Lỗi: Sai thì, phải dùng past simple hoặc present perfect

9. ❌ “we are choosing”
   ✅ “we chose” hoặc “we have chosen”
   Lỗi: Present continuous không phù hợp với context past sequence

10. ❌ “finally constructing walls and roof”
    ✅ “and finally, constructing the walls and roof” hoặc “finally, the walls and roof are constructed”
    Lỗi: Thiếu dấu phẩy sau finally khi nó là sequence marker, hoặc cần parallel structure

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3 (Sample Answers):

1. Finally, the government implemented a new policy after a long debate.
   Hoặc: “After a long debate, the government finally implemented a new policy.”

2. First, we conduct thorough research. Then, we develop a detailed plan. Finally, we execute the strategy systematically.

3. Technology has finally made education accessible to everyone, regardless of their geographical location or economic background.

4. The process of making coffee involves several steps. Initially, grind fresh coffee beans to the desired consistency. Next, heat water to approximately 90-95 degrees Celsius. Then, place the ground coffee in a filter and pour hot water over it gradually. Finally, allow the coffee to brew for 3-4 minutes before serving.

5. There are three effective solutions to traffic congestion. Firstly, governments should invest in expanding public transportation networks. Secondly, implementing congestion pricing in city centers can discourage private vehicle use during peak hours. Finally, promoting remote work policies would reduce the number of daily commuters significantly.

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4:

1. finally – “won the championship in 2023” = specific achievement at specific time

2. Finally/Lastly – Formal conclusion phrase

3. Finally – Last stage in process

4. in the end – Decision after consideration

5. eventually – Long process (eight years) emphasizing time duration

Sample Paragraph Bài Tập 5:

Topic 1: Process of Preparing for IELTS (Band 7-8)

“Preparing effectively for IELTS requires a systematic approach spanning several months. Initially, I took a diagnostic test to identify my strengths and weaknesses across all four skills. This revealed that while my reading and listening were relatively strong, my speaking and writing needed significant improvement. Subsequently, I enrolled in a preparation course and dedicated at least three hours daily to practice. I focused particularly on expanding my vocabulary and mastering grammatical structures essential for Band 7+. Finally, in the month before the exam, I completed full practice tests under timed conditions to build stamina and refine my time management. This structured preparation ultimately enabled me to achieve my target band score. Finally, I would advise future test-takers to begin their preparation at least three to four months in advance for optimal results.”

Phân tích: Đoạn văn sử dụng “Finally” hai lần – một lần để đánh dấu giai đoạn cuối của preparation process, một lần để kết luận với advice. Có sequence markers đa dạng (Initially, Subsequently, Finally, ultimately) thể hiện Band 7-8.

Kết Luận & Đề Luyện Tập

Finally Sequence Ending là một công cụ ngữ pháp quan trọng giúp bạn tạo cấu trúc rõ ràng, logic cho bài nói và viết IELTS. Việc sử dụng thành thạo “finally” cùng các sequence markers khác (firstly, subsequently, eventually) thể hiện khả năng tổ chức ý tưởng tốt – một tiêu chí quan trọng trong Coherence and Cohesion (Writing) và Fluency and Coherence (Speaking).

Điểm quan trọng cần nhớ:

✅ Finally đánh dấu điểm cuối trong sequence, khác với eventually (nhấn mạnh thời gian)

✅ Luôn có dấu phẩy sau Finally khi đứng đầu câu

✅ Chỉ dùng Finally MỘT LẦN để kết thúc danh sách/sequence

✅ Kết hợp với emphatic structures (Finally, and most importantly…) để đạt Band 8+

✅ Phân biệt formal (Finally, Ultimately) và informal (At last) contexts

✅ Sử dụng đa dạng sequence markers thay vì lặp lại Finally

Đề Luyện Tập Tại Nhà

Speaking Topics (Practice with Finally):

Part 2:

1. Describe a skill you learned that was difficult at first

   • Use sequence: First attempts → Practice period → Finally mastered

2. Describe a project you completed successfully

   • Structure: Initial planning → Implementation stages → Finally, results

3. Describe how your hometown has changed

   • Timeline: Past → Intermediate changes → Finally, current state

Part 3:

1. What steps should governments take to reduce pollution?

   • Use: Firstly… Additionally… Finally…

2. How has technology changed the workplace?

   • Structure multiple points ending with Finally

Writing Topics:

Task 1 (Process):

1. The diagram shows how plastic bottles are recycled

   • Practice: Initial collection → Processing stages → Finally, new products

2. The flowchart illustrates the process of applying for a driving license

   • Use sequence markers throughout, ending with Finally

Task 2:

1. Opinion Essay: “Some people believe that economic development is the only way to reduce poverty. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”

   • Practice: Present multiple viewpoints, use Finally for your concluding argument

2. Problem-Solution: “Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many cities. What are the causes and what solutions can you suggest?”

   • Solutions paragraph: List 3-4 solutions using Firstly → Moreover → Finally

3. Discussion: “Some people think technology has made life more complex. Others believe it has simplified life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

   • Use Finally in conclusion to synthesize both viewpoints

Yêu cầu thực hành:

• Mỗi bài Speaking: Sử dụng Finally ít nhất 2-3 lần tự nhiên
• Mỗi bài Writing: Sử dụng Finally 1-2 lần + ít nhất 2 synonyms (lastly, ultimately, eventually)
• Record Speaking answers để tự đánh giá pronunciation và natural usage
• Viết outline trước khi viết full essay để plan vị trí sequence markers

Self-assessment checklist:

• [ ] Finally có dấu phẩy khi đứng đầu câu?
• [ ] Đã dùng đúng Finally (sequence) vs Eventually (time)?
• [ ] Có vary sequence markers không lặp lại?
• [ ] Finally xuất hiện trong context phù hợp?
• [ ] Kết hợp với cấu trúc phức để tăng band score?

Hãy dành 30-45 phút mỗi ngày thực hành với các đề trên, focus vào việc sử dụng sequence markers một cách tự nhiên và chính xác. Sau 2-3 tuần practice đều đặn, bạn sẽ thấy việc sử dụng Finally và các discourse markers khác trở nên automatic trong bài thi thực tế.

Chúc các bạn học tốt và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS!