IELTS Reading: Telemedicine và Chuyển Đổi Y Tế Vùng Nông Thôn – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở bài

Chủ đề “How Is The Growth Of Telemedicine Affecting Healthcare Access In Rural Areas?” (Sự phát triển của y học từ xa ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến khả năng tiếp cận dịch vụ y tế ở vùng nông thôn?) đang ngày càng phổ biến trong các đề thi IELTS Reading gần đây. Đây là một chủ đề thuộc lĩnh vực khoa học công nghệ và y tế xã hội, thường xuất hiện ở cả ba passages với các độ khó khác nhau, đặc biệt trong các bộ đề Cambridge IELTS từ tập 15 trở đi.

Trong bài viết này, các bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh bao gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống thi thật. Mỗi passage được thiết kế tỉ mỉ để phản ánh đúng cấu trúc, độ khó và phong cách của đề thi IELTS chính thức. Bạn sẽ học được cách xử lý các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến, nắm vững từ vựng chuyên ngành y tế và công nghệ, đồng thời rèn luyện kỹ thuật làm bài hiệu quả.

Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, với đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể giúp bạn tự đánh giá và cải thiện kỹ năng Reading một cách bài bản.

Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test là bài kiểm tra kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính là 1 điểm, không có điểm âm khi trả lời sai. Độ khó của các passages tăng dần, với Passage 1 thường ở mức dễ nhất và Passage 3 khó nhất.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (14 câu hỏi)

Đừng quên dành 2-3 phút cuối để chuyển đáp án sang answer sheet và kiểm tra lại.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không có
3. Matching Information – Nối thông tin với đoạn văn
4. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu
5. Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn
6. Summary Completion – Hoàn thành tóm tắt
7. Short-answer Questions – Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Digital Doctor: Telemedicine Bridges Rural Healthcare Gaps

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

In many rural communities around the world, accessing quality healthcare has long been a significant challenge. Remote villages and small towns often lack medical facilities, specialist doctors, and even basic diagnostic equipment. Patients sometimes have to travel hundreds of kilometers to reach the nearest hospital, a journey that can be both costly and time-consuming. However, the rapid development of telemedicine is beginning to transform this situation dramatically.

Telemedicine, also known as telehealth, refers to the use of digital communication technologies to provide medical services from a distance. Through video consultations, mobile health applications, and remote monitoring devices, doctors can now examine patients, diagnose conditions, and prescribe treatments without being physically present. This technological innovation is proving particularly valuable in areas where healthcare professionals are scarce.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the adoption of telemedicine worldwide. When lockdowns and social distancing measures made in-person visits difficult or dangerous, both patients and doctors turned to virtual consultations out of necessity. According to recent studies, the use of telemedicine services increased by more than 150% in rural areas during 2020 alone. What began as an emergency solution has now become a permanent feature of modern healthcare delivery.

One of the most significant benefits of telemedicine for rural populations is improved access to specialist care. Previously, a farmer living in a remote area who needed to see a cardiologist or dermatologist might have to wait weeks for an appointment and travel long distances. Now, through telemedicine platforms, the same patient can connect with specialists in major cities within days, sometimes even on the same day. This immediacy not only improves patient outcomes but can also be life-saving in urgent situations.

Cost reduction is another major advantage. Traditional healthcare visits involve various expenses: transportation, accommodation if overnight stays are required, lost wages from taking time off work, and sometimes childcare costs. Telemedicine eliminates or significantly reduces many of these financial barriers. A study conducted in the United States found that rural patients saved an average of $150 per consultation when using telemedicine compared to in-person visits. For families living on tight budgets, these savings can make the difference between seeking medical help or avoiding it altogether.

The technology required for basic telemedicine is increasingly accessible. Most people in rural areas now own smartphones with video capabilities, and internet connectivity has improved dramatically in recent years thanks to expanded broadband networks and satellite internet services. Simple devices like digital blood pressure monitors, pulse oximeters, and even smartphone-connected stethoscopes can send vital health data directly to healthcare providers for assessment. This means that routine check-ups and chronic disease management can happen without patients leaving their homes.

However, telemedicine is not without its challenges in rural settings. The digital divide remains a real concern. While internet access has improved, some remote areas still have limited or unreliable connectivity, making video consultations difficult or impossible. Elderly patients, who often have the greatest healthcare needs, may lack the digital literacy skills necessary to use telemedicine platforms effectively. There are also questions about the quality of care when physical examinations cannot be conducted, and some medical conditions still require hands-on assessment.

Despite these obstacles, healthcare providers and governments are working to overcome the barriers. Many rural health clinics now serve as telemedicine hubs, providing patients with a suitable location, reliable internet, and assistance from trained staff to connect with distant doctors. Training programs are being developed to help older patients become comfortable with the technology. Some insurance companies and government health programs have begun to cover telemedicine services at the same rate as in-person visits, removing financial disincentives.

The future of telemedicine in rural healthcare looks promising. Artificial intelligence is being integrated into telemedicine platforms to provide preliminary diagnoses and triage patients based on symptom severity. Wearable health devices that continuously monitor vital signs can alert doctors to potential problems before they become serious. Drone technology is even being tested in some regions to deliver medications and medical supplies to isolated areas following telemedicine consultations.

As the technology continues to evolve and become more sophisticated, the gap between urban and rural healthcare access is gradually narrowing. While telemedicine cannot completely replace traditional medicine – and was never intended to – it is proving to be a powerful complementary tool that is bringing quality healthcare to populations that have historically been underserved. For millions of people in rural communities worldwide, the growth of telemedicine represents not just medical progress, but genuine hope for healthier lives.

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Rural areas have always had sufficient medical facilities and specialist doctors.
2. The COVID-19 pandemic caused telemedicine usage in rural areas to increase by over 150% in 2020.
3. Telemedicine consultations are more expensive than traditional in-person visits.
4. All rural areas now have reliable internet connectivity for video consultations.
5. Some insurance companies now cover telemedicine at the same rate as in-person visits.

Questions 6-9

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

6. Through telemedicine, doctors can examine patients and prescribe treatments without being __.
7. Rural patients can now connect with specialists in major cities within __, sometimes even the same day.
8. Many elderly patients lack the __ necessary to use telemedicine platforms.
9. Some rural health clinics now function as __, helping patients connect with distant doctors.

Questions 10-13

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

10. According to the passage, what is one of the main problems rural communities face regarding healthcare?

    • A) Too many hospitals in the area
    • B) Excessive medical staff
    • C) Lack of specialist doctors and medical facilities
    • D) Very cheap healthcare services

11. What advantage does telemedicine offer to rural families on tight budgets?

    • A) Free smartphones
    • B) Reduced financial barriers and cost savings
    • C) Free transportation to hospitals
    • D) Guaranteed medical insurance

12. Which technology is being tested to deliver medications to isolated areas?

    • A) Artificial intelligence
    • B) Wearable health devices
    • C) Satellite internet
    • D) Drone technology

13. The passage suggests that telemedicine should be viewed as:

    • A) A complete replacement for traditional medicine
    • B) A complementary tool to traditional healthcare
    • C) Only useful during pandemics
    • D) Too expensive for rural areas

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PASSAGE 2 – Economic and Social Implications of Telemedicine Expansion

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The proliferation of telemedicine services in rural regions represents far more than a mere technological advancement in healthcare delivery. It embodies a fundamental shift in how societies address healthcare inequity, bringing with it a complex web of economic ramifications, social transformations, and policy challenges that extend well beyond the doctor-patient relationship. Understanding these multifaceted impacts is essential for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and communities seeking to maximize the benefits while mitigating potential drawbacks of this revolutionary approach to medical care.

A. Economic Transformation

From an economic perspective, telemedicine is reshaping rural healthcare infrastructure and employment patterns. Traditional models required substantial capital investment in building and maintaining physical medical facilities in every community. The distributed nature of rural populations made this approach financially unsustainable in many regions, resulting in hospital closures and physician shortages. Telemedicine offers a more economically viable alternative. Instead of duplicating expensive diagnostic equipment and specialist services in every location, a centralized hub can serve multiple communities simultaneously. This hub-and-spoke model has proven particularly effective in delivering specialized care such as radiology, psychiatry, and dermatology.

However, this economic efficiency comes with trade-offs. Some rural hospitals have closed or downsized their services, arguing that telemedicine makes certain on-site capabilities redundant. While this may reduce overhead costs, it also means fewer local employment opportunities for healthcare workers and can leave communities vulnerable if technological systems fail. Critics argue that the cost savings generated by telemedicine often accrue to large healthcare systems and insurance companies rather than being passed on to patients or invested back into rural communities. There are also concerns about the emergence of corporate telemedicine providers that prioritize profit margins over continuity of care and community relationships.

B. Social and Cultural Dimensions

The social implications of telemedicine in rural areas are equally profound. In many close-knit communities, the local doctor has traditionally been a central figure, someone who understands the social context of their patients’ lives and maintains relationships that span decades. The shift toward virtual consultations with potentially different providers each time raises questions about the preservation of these valued relationships. Some patients, particularly older generations, report feeling that telemedicine is more impersonal and transactional compared to traditional face-to-face consultations.

Yet telemedicine also creates new opportunities for social connection and support. Online patient communities and virtual support groups connect rural residents dealing with similar health conditions, reducing the isolation that many experience. Mental health services, long stigmatized and underutilized in rural areas, have seen significant uptake through telemedicine, as the privacy of receiving care at home reduces barriers related to being seen entering a psychiatrist’s office in a small town where everyone knows each other. A study in rural Australia found that telepsychiatry services increased mental health service utilization by 67% among populations that had previously avoided seeking help due to stigma concerns.

C. Health Outcomes and Quality of Care

Research on telemedicine’s impact on health outcomes presents a nuanced picture. For many conditions, particularly chronic disease management such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, telemedicine has demonstrated outcomes comparable to or even superior to traditional care. The ability to conduct more frequent check-ins without requiring travel means that problems can be identified and addressed earlier. Remote monitoring devices that track vital signs and send alerts when readings fall outside normal ranges have proven effective in preventing acute episodes that would otherwise result in emergency room visits or hospitalizations.

Nevertheless, there are legitimate concerns about situations where physical examination is crucial. While a dermatologist can often diagnose skin conditions from high-quality photographs, and a psychiatrist can conduct therapy sessions effectively via video, conditions requiring palpation, auscultation, or certain laboratory procedures cannot be fully assessed remotely. This has led to the development of hybrid care models where telemedicine serves as the primary contact point, with in-person visits scheduled when clinically necessary. The challenge lies in determining which situations genuinely require physical presence and ensuring that the convenience of telemedicine doesn’t lead to inadequate assessment of serious conditions.

D. The Digital Divide Challenge

Perhaps the most contentious issue surrounding telemedicine expansion is the persistent digital divide. While broadband access has improved, the Federal Communications Commission in the United States estimates that 14.5 million rural Americans still lack access to high-speed internet. Even where infrastructure exists, affordability remains a barrier—rural households are more likely to be low-income and may not be able to afford data plans adequate for regular video consultations. This creates a paradoxical situation where the populations that would benefit most from telemedicine are precisely those least able to access it reliably.

Age and digital literacy represent additional dimensions of this divide. Research consistently shows that while younger rural residents readily embrace telemedicine, older populations—who typically have greater healthcare needs—struggle with the technology. A study in rural England found that 62% of residents over 70 expressed low confidence in their ability to use telemedicine platforms, compared to just 12% of those under 50. Addressing this requires not just technological solutions but comprehensive training programs and ongoing support, resources that are often scarce in rural areas.

E. Policy and Regulatory Considerations

The rapid growth of telemedicine has outpaced regulatory frameworks, creating uncertainties around licensing, reimbursement, and liability. Different jurisdictions have different rules about whether physicians can treat patients across state or provincial boundaries, complicating the delivery of care in border regions. Insurance coverage for telemedicine services varies widely, and while pandemic-era emergency measures expanded coverage, many of these provisions are temporary. Establishing sustainable regulatory and reimbursement structures that encourage telemedicine while ensuring quality and safety remains an ongoing challenge for health systems worldwide.

The integration of telemedicine into rural healthcare represents a transformative opportunity to address long-standing inequities, but realizing its full potential requires thoughtful consideration of these economic, social, and regulatory complexities. Success will depend not on technology alone, but on how effectively communities, healthcare systems, and governments navigate these multifaceted challenges together.

Sơ đồ minh họa mô hình hub-and-spoke của telemedicine kết nối trung tâm y tế thành phố với các vùng nông thôn

Questions 14-19

The passage has five sections, A-E. Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-E.

14. Information about how different age groups respond to telemedicine technology
15. Discussion of how telemedicine affects local employment in rural healthcare
16. Examples of conditions where telemedicine produces outcomes as good as traditional care
17. Concerns about maintaining personal doctor-patient relationships
18. Information about inconsistent rules regarding telemedicine practice across regions
19. Statistics about mental health service usage improvement through telemedicine

Questions 20-23

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

The economic model of telemedicine uses a 20) __ approach, where a central facility serves multiple rural communities. This reduces the need for expensive equipment duplication, though some argue that the 21) __ mainly benefit large healthcare organizations rather than patients. The approach has led to some rural hospitals 22) __ or downsizing, reducing local jobs. There are concerns about **23) __ telemedicine providers who focus more on profits than patient relationships.

Questions 24-26

Choose THREE letters, A-G.

Which THREE of the following are mentioned as challenges for telemedicine in rural areas?

A) Lack of government support
B) The persistent digital divide in broadband access
C) Excessive costs of telemedicine equipment
D) Low confidence among elderly users
E) Too many healthcare providers
F) Situations requiring physical examination
G) Shortage of hospital buildings

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PASSAGE 3 – The Technological Frontier: Future Trajectories of Rural Telemedicine

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The trajectory of telemedicine development in rural contexts is increasingly intertwined with cutting-edge technological innovations that promise to transcend current limitations and fundamentally reconceptualize healthcare delivery paradigms. As artificial intelligence, machine learning, advanced robotics, and next-generation connectivity converge, we are witnessing the emergence of what might be termed “Telemedicine 2.0“—a qualitatively different approach that moves beyond simple video consultation toward comprehensive, AI-augmented, proactive healthcare ecosystems. Understanding these developments and their implications requires grappling with both their immense potential and the substantial ethical, practical, and societal challenges they present.

At the forefront of this evolution is the integration of sophisticated artificial intelligence into diagnostic processes. Machine learning algorithms, trained on vast datasets of medical images, patient records, and clinical outcomes, are demonstrating diagnostic accuracy that rivals or sometimes exceeds that of human physicians in specific domains. Computer vision systems can analyze retinal photographs to detect diabetic retinopathy, assess skin lesions for malignancy, and interpret chest X-rays for pneumonia or tuberculosis with remarkable precision. For rural areas where specialist expertise is scarce, these AI systems offer a tantalizing possibility: access to expert-level diagnosis without requiring an actual expert to be available. A rural primary care physician equipped with AI diagnostic tools can potentially provide care that would previously have required referral to distant specialists, reducing delays and improving outcomes.

However, the deployment of AI diagnostics in rural telemedicine raises profound questions about medical responsibility and liability. When an AI system makes a diagnostic error—and all systems, human or artificial, occasionally do—who bears accountability? The software developer? The healthcare provider who relied on the system? The hospital or clinic that implemented it? Current legal frameworks were developed for a world where medical decisions were made exclusively by humans, and they struggle to accommodate these new hybrid decision-making processes. There is also the risk of over-reliance on AI systems, with physicians potentially deferring to algorithmic recommendations even when clinical judgment might suggest otherwise, a phenomenon psychologists term “automation bias.” Ensuring that AI serves as a tool to augment rather than replace human medical expertise requires careful protocol development and ongoing training.

The advent of 5G networks and low-earth orbit satellite constellations promises to revolutionize connectivity in remote areas, addressing one of telemedicine’s most persistent obstacles. Unlike previous generations of mobile networks, 5G offers not just faster speeds but dramatically lower latency—the delay between sending and receiving data. This seemingly technical distinction has profound practical implications. Ultra-low latency enables real-time remote procedures that were previously impossible. Haptic feedback systems, which allow physicians to feel what they’re touching through robotic instruments, require instantaneous data transmission to function effectively. Several research projects have already demonstrated remote surgeries where a surgeon in one location operates on a patient hundreds of kilometers away using robotic equipment. While such procedures remain experimental and are conducted under strictly controlled conditions, they represent a glimpse of possibilities that could dramatically expand the scope of care available in rural settings.

Yet the prospect of remote surgery and other high-stakes interventions delivered via telemedicine introduces weighty ethical considerations. The physical presence of a surgeon provides not just technical expertise but also the ability to respond immediately to unexpected complications, to assess subtle tactile and visual cues that might not transmit perfectly through robotic interfaces, and to make split-second decisions when circumstances deviate from the expected. Technological failures—a network interruption, equipment malfunction, or cyberattack—could have catastrophic consequences during critical procedures. Establishing appropriate safeguards, backup systems, and patient selection criteria for such interventions is essential, as is ensuring that the pursuit of technological sophistication doesn’t eclipse fundamental questions about risk-benefit ratios and patient safety.

The evolution toward predictive and preventive telemedicine represents another significant frontier. Wearable devices and implantable sensors continuously collect physiological data—heart rate, blood pressure, glucose levels, sleep patterns, activity levels—creating longitudinal health profiles of unprecedented detail. Machine learning algorithms can identify subtle patterns in this data that presage health events before they become symptomatic. A cardiac algorithm might detect arrhythmia patterns suggesting elevated stroke risk days or weeks before a stroke occurs, enabling preventive interventions. For rural populations who have traditionally experienced healthcare as reactive—seeking help only when problems become acute—this shift toward anticipatory care could be transformative.

However, the proliferation of continuous health monitoring raises significant privacy concerns and questions about data ownership and commodification. Who owns the vast quantities of health data generated by these devices? How should it be stored, secured, and used? The potential for data breaches exposing sensitive health information is considerable, and the consequences could be particularly severe in small rural communities where anonymity is limited. There are also concerns about algorithmic bias—if the datasets used to train predictive algorithms under-represent rural populations, the resulting systems may perform poorly for precisely the populations they’re meant to serve. Additionally, the commercialization of health data by technology companies and insurance providers could create perverse incentives where monitoring serves corporate interests rather than patient wellbeing.

The socioeconomic dimensions of advanced telemedicine technologies warrant careful consideration. While these innovations could theoretically democratize access to cutting-edge care, there’s a palpable risk that they could instead exacerbate existing disparities. The most sophisticated telemedicine capabilities—AI diagnostics, remote surgical robots, comprehensive monitoring systems—require substantial infrastructure investment that wealthy health systems and communities can more easily afford. If these technologies become available primarily in well-resourced areas while less-advanced telemedicine serves poorer rural regions, we might inadvertently create a two-tiered system where rural populations receive a technologically mediated but fundamentally inferior version of care. Equitable deployment of telemedicine innovations requires deliberate policy interventions, public investment, and commitment to distributional justice rather than assuming market forces will naturally produce fair outcomes.

The integration of telemedicine into rural healthcare also intersects with broader debates about the nature of medical practice and the physician-patient relationship. Medicine has traditionally been understood as a fundamentally interpersonal endeavor, where therapeutic relationships, empathy, and holistic understanding of patients as individuals rather than merely biological systems are considered intrinsic to good care. Critics worry that technology-mediated care, particularly as it becomes more algorithmic and standardized, might erode these humanistic elements, transforming medicine into a technocratic exercise in data processing and pattern matching. Proponents counter that by automating routine tasks and reducing administrative burdens, these technologies could actually liberate physicians to spend more meaningful time with patients, focusing on aspects of care that genuinely require human judgment, creativity, and compassion.

As these technologies continue to mature and proliferate, the challenge for rural communities, healthcare systems, and societies broadly is to harness their potential while vigilantly addressing their pitfalls. This requires ongoing dialogue among technologists, healthcare providers, patients, ethicists, and policymakers—a genuinely collaborative approach that ensures technological development serves authentic human needs rather than expecting humans to adapt to technological imperatives. The future of rural telemedicine is not predetermined but rather represents a choice about the kind of healthcare system we wish to build and the values we want it to embody. Making this choice wisely may be one of the most consequential public health decisions of the coming decades.

Questions 27-32

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

27. The latest developments in telemedicine are called “__” which represents a fundamentally different approach to healthcare.
28. Machine learning systems can analyze retinal photographs to identify __, a condition affecting diabetic patients.
29. The phenomenon where physicians rely too heavily on AI recommendations is called “__ ” by psychologists.
30. The new 5G networks offer not just faster speeds but also dramatically lower __.
31. Wearable devices and implantable sensors create __ of unprecedented detail about patients’ health.
32. Critics worry that algorithmic care might transform medicine into a __ exercise rather than a humanistic endeavor.

Questions 33-36

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

33. According to the passage, what is a significant legal challenge with AI diagnostics?

    • A) AI systems are always accurate
    • B) Determining who is accountable when errors occur
    • C) They are too expensive to implement
    • D) Patients refuse to use them

34. What makes 5G networks particularly important for remote surgical procedures?

    • A) They are cheaper than 4G
    • B) They cover more area
    • C) They have ultra-low latency for real-time haptic feedback
    • D) They require less equipment

35. What concern does the passage raise about predictive algorithms?

    • A) They may perform poorly if rural populations are under-represented in training data
    • B) They are impossible to develop
    • C) They work only in urban areas
    • D) They are too simple

36. The passage suggests that equitable deployment of telemedicine technologies requires:

    • A) Letting market forces operate freely
    • B) Deliberate policy interventions and public investment
    • C) Private companies to lead development
    • D) Only technological solutions

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

37. AI diagnostic systems have already completely replaced human physicians in rural areas.
38. Remote surgical procedures using robotic equipment are still largely experimental and conducted under controlled conditions.
39. The commercialization of health data could create situations where monitoring serves corporate interests rather than patient needs.
40. Market forces alone will naturally ensure fair distribution of advanced telemedicine technologies.

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Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. physically present
7. days
8. digital literacy
9. telemedicine hubs
10. C
11. B
12. D
13. B

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. D
15. A
16. C
17. B
18. E
19. B
20. hub-and-spoke
21. cost savings
22. closed
23. corporate
24. B, D, F (in any order)
25. B, D, F (in any order)
26. B, D, F (in any order)

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. Telemedicine 2.0
28. diabetic retinopathy
29. automation bias
30. latency
31. longitudinal health profiles
32. technocratic
33. B
34. C
35. A
36. B
37. NO
38. YES
39. YES
40. NO

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Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Rural areas, sufficient medical facilities, specialist doctors
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Câu trong bài nói “Rural communities…often lack medical facilities, specialist doctors” (thiếu cơ sở y tế, bác sĩ chuyên khoa), ngược lại với câu hỏi nói “have always had sufficient” (luôn có đầy đủ). Đây là thông tin mâu thuẫn trực tiếp.

Câu 2: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: COVID-19 pandemic, increase, more than 150%, 2020
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “the use of telemedicine services increased by more than 150% in rural areas during 2020 alone”, khớp chính xác với thông tin trong câu hỏi.

Câu 3: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Telemedicine consultations, more expensive, traditional visits
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-5
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn nói “Cost reduction is another major advantage” và “rural patients saved an average of $150 per consultation when using telemedicine”, chứng tỏ telemedicine rẻ hơn, không phải đắt hơn.

Câu 4: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: All rural areas, reliable internet connectivity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: Bài nói “some remote areas still have limited or unreliable connectivity”, có nghĩa là KHÔNG phải tất cả vùng nông thôn đều có internet ổn định.

Câu 5: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Insurance companies, cover telemedicine, same rate, in-person visits
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Câu “Some insurance companies and government health programs have begun to cover telemedicine services at the same rate as in-person visits” khớp chính xác.

Câu 6: physically present

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: examine patients, prescribe treatments, without being
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “doctors can now examine patients, diagnose conditions, and prescribe treatments without being physically present”

Câu 7: days

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: connect with specialists, within
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “the same patient can connect with specialists in major cities within days”

Câu 8: digital literacy

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: Elderly patients, lack
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 4
• Giải thích: “Elderly patients…may lack the digital literacy skills necessary to use telemedicine platforms”

Câu 9: telemedicine hubs

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: rural health clinics, serve as
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: “Many rural health clinics now serve as telemedicine hubs”

Câu 10: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1
• Giải thích: Đoạn đầu nói rõ “Remote villages and small towns often lack medical facilities, specialist doctors”, đáp án C chính xác.

Câu 11: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5
• Giải thích: Đoạn 5 giải thích chi tiết về cost reduction và “eliminates or significantly reduces many of these financial barriers”, đáp án B đúng.

Câu 12: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, cuối đoạn
• Giải thích: “Drone technology is even being tested in some regions to deliver medications and medical supplies”

Câu 13: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn cuối
• Giải thích: Câu “While telemedicine cannot completely replace traditional medicine…it is proving to be a powerful complementary tool” cho thấy telemedicine là công cụ bổ sung, không thay thế hoàn toàn.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: D (Section D)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: different age groups, respond to telemedicine
• Giải thích: Section D thảo luận về “Age and digital literacy” và đưa ra số liệu về người trên 70 tuổi so với dưới 50 tuổi.

Câu 15: A (Section A)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: local employment, rural healthcare
• Giải thích: Section A nói về “fewer local employment opportunities for healthcare workers” khi bệnh viện đóng cửa.

Câu 16: C (Section C)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: conditions, outcomes comparable to traditional care
• Giải thích: Section C nói “For many conditions…telemedicine has demonstrated outcomes comparable to or even superior to traditional care” và liệt kê các ví dụ như diabetes, hypertension.

Câu 17: B (Section B)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: maintaining personal doctor-patient relationships
• Giải thích: Section B thảo luận về “the local doctor has traditionally been a central figure” và lo ngại về mối quan hệ cá nhân trong telemedicine.

Câu 18: E (Section E)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: inconsistent rules, across regions
• Giải thích: Section E nói về “Different jurisdictions have different rules about whether physicians can treat patients across state or provincial boundaries”.

Câu 19: B (Section B)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: mental health service usage, improvement, statistics
• Giải thích: Section B đưa ra số liệu “telepsychiatry services increased mental health service utilization by 67%”.

Câu 20: hub-and-spoke

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Section A, đoạn 2
• Giải thích: “This hub-and-spoke model has proven particularly effective”

Câu 21: cost savings

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Section A, đoạn 3
• Giải thích: “the cost savings generated by telemedicine often accrue to large healthcare systems”

Câu 22: closed

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Section A, đoạn 3
• Giải thích: “Some rural hospitals have closed or downsized their services”

Câu 23: corporate

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Section A, đoạn 3
• Giải thích: “concerns about the emergence of corporate telemedicine providers”

Câu 24-26: B, D, F

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice (chọn 3 đáp án)
• Giải thích:
  • B (digital divide): Section D nói rõ “the persistent digital divide” và thiếu broadband
  • D (elderly users): Section D đưa ra số liệu “62% of residents over 70 expressed low confidence”
  • F (physical examination): Section C nói về “legitimate concerns about situations where physical examination is crucial”

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: Telemedicine 2.0

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “what might be termed ‘Telemedicine 2.0’—a qualitatively different approach”

Câu 28: diabetic retinopathy

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4
• Giải thích: “Computer vision systems can analyze retinal photographs to detect diabetic retinopathy”

Câu 29: automation bias

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 6-7
• Giải thích: “a phenomenon psychologists term ‘automation bias'”

Câu 30: latency

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “5G offers not just faster speeds but dramatically lower latency”

Câu 31: longitudinal health profiles

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: “creating longitudinal health profiles of unprecedented detail”

Câu 32: technocratic

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “transforming medicine into a technocratic exercise in data processing”

Câu 33: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3
• Giải thích: Đoạn 3 thảo luận chi tiết về “who bears accountability?” khi AI mắc lỗi và các legal frameworks chưa phù hợp.

Câu 34: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4
• Giải thích: “Ultra-low latency enables real-time remote procedures” và “Haptic feedback systems…require instantaneous data transmission”

Câu 35: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, giữa đoạn
• Giải thích: “if the datasets used to train predictive algorithms under-represent rural populations, the resulting systems may perform poorly”

Câu 36: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, cuối đoạn
• Giải thích: “Equitable deployment…requires deliberate policy interventions, public investment, and commitment to distributional justice”

Câu 37: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2-3
• Giải thích: Passage nói AI systems “offer” possibility và “augment rather than replace” human expertise, chứng tỏ chưa thay thế hoàn toàn.

Câu 38: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, cuối đoạn
• Giải thích: “such procedures remain experimental and are conducted under strictly controlled conditions”

Câu 39: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7
• Giải thích: “the commercialization of health data…could create perverse incentives where monitoring serves corporate interests rather than patient wellbeing”

Câu 40: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8
• Giải thích: Writer nói “Equitable deployment…requires deliberate policy interventions” và phản đối “assuming market forces will naturally produce fair outcomes”

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Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
rural community	n	/ˈrʊərəl kəˈmjuːnəti/	cộng đồng nông thôn	“In many rural communities around the world…”	rural areas, rural population
telemedicine	n	/ˌteliˈmedɪsɪn/	y học từ xa	“the rapid development of telemedicine is beginning to transform…”	telemedicine services, telemedicine platform
diagnostic equipment	n	/ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk ɪˈkwɪpmənt/	thiết bị chẩn đoán	“small towns often lack medical facilities, specialist doctors, and even basic diagnostic equipment”	medical equipment, advanced equipment
accelerate	v	/əkˈseləreɪt/	đẩy nhanh, tăng tốc	“The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the adoption of telemedicine”	accelerate growth, rapidly accelerate
virtual consultation	n	/ˈvɜːtʃuəl ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/	tư vấn trực tuyến	“both patients and doctors turned to virtual consultations”	online consultation, remote consultation
specialist care	n	/ˈspeʃəlɪst keə/	chăm sóc chuyên khoa	“improved access to specialist care”	specialized care, expert care
outcome	n	/ˈaʊtkʌm/	kết quả, hậu quả	“This immediacy not only improves patient outcomes”	health outcomes, positive outcomes
financial barrier	n	/faɪˈnænʃəl ˈbærɪə/	rào cản tài chính	“eliminates or significantly reduces many of these financial barriers”	economic barriers, cost barriers
digital divide	n	/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl dɪˈvaɪd/	khoảng cách số	“The digital divide remains a real concern”	bridge the divide, narrow the divide
digital literacy	n	/ˈdɪdʒɪtəl ˈlɪtərəsi/	kiến thức số	“Elderly patients…may lack the digital literacy skills”	computer literacy, technological literacy
chronic disease	n	/ˈkrɒnɪk dɪˈziːz/	bệnh mãn tính	“routine check-ups and chronic disease management”	chronic condition, chronic illness
complementary tool	n	/ˌkɒmplɪˈmentəri tuːl/	công cụ bổ sung	“it is proving to be a powerful complementary tool”	supplementary tool, additional tool

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
proliferation	n	/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən/	sự tăng sinh, lan rộng	“The proliferation of telemedicine services”	rapid proliferation, nuclear proliferation
fundamental shift	n	/ˌfʌndəˈmentəl ʃɪft/	sự thay đổi căn bản	“It embodies a fundamental shift in how societies address healthcare”	major shift, paradigm shift
healthcare inequity	n	/ˈhelθkeə ɪnˈekwəti/	bất công y tế	“how societies address healthcare inequity”	health inequality, healthcare disparity
ramification	n	/ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/	hệ quả, tác động	“economic ramifications, social transformations”	serious ramifications, legal ramifications
mitigate	v	/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/	giảm thiểu, làm dịu	“mitigating potential drawbacks”	mitigate risks, mitigate damage
hub-and-spoke model	n	/hʌb ənd spəʊk ˈmɒdəl/	mô hình trung tâm và nan hoa	“This hub-and-spoke model has proven particularly effective”	distribution model, network model
economically viable	adj	/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəli ˈvaɪəbəl/	khả thi về mặt kinh tế	“a more economically viable alternative”	financially viable, commercially viable
trade-off	n	/ˈtreɪd ɒf/	sự đánh đổi	“this economic efficiency comes with trade-offs”	make trade-offs, balance trade-offs
accrue	v	/əˈkruː/	tích lũy, thu được	“the cost savings generated by telemedicine often accrue to large healthcare systems”	accrue benefits, accrue interest
stigmatize	v	/ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/	kỳ thị, gây nhãn hiệu xấu	“Mental health services, long stigmatized”	socially stigmatized, heavily stigmatized
nuanced	adj	/ˈnjuːɑːnst/	tinh tế, nhiều sắc thái	“Research…presents a nuanced picture”	nuanced view, nuanced understanding
paradoxical	adj	/ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/	nghịch lý	“This creates a paradoxical situation”	paradoxical effect, paradoxical nature
outpace	v	/aʊtˈpeɪs/	vượt qua về tốc độ	“rapid growth of telemedicine has outpaced regulatory frameworks”	outpace growth, outpace demand
reimbursement	n	/ˌriːɪmˈbɜːsmənt/	hoàn trả chi phí	“uncertainties around licensing, reimbursement, and liability”	insurance reimbursement, cost reimbursement
navigate	v	/ˈnævɪɡeɪt/	điều hướng, giải quyết	“how effectively communities…navigate these multifaceted challenges”	navigate challenges, navigate complexity

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
trajectory	n	/trəˈdʒektəri/	quỹ đạo, xu hướng phát triển	“The trajectory of telemedicine development”	development trajectory, career trajectory
intertwine	v	/ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn/	đan xen, gắn chặt	“increasingly intertwined with cutting-edge technological innovations”	closely intertwined, intricately intertwined
transcend	v	/trænˈsend/	vượt qua, siêu việt	“promise to transcend current limitations”	transcend boundaries, transcend limitations
paradigm	n	/ˈpærədaɪm/	mô hình, hệ tư tưởng	“fundamentally reconceptualize healthcare delivery paradigms”	paradigm shift, new paradigm
converge	v	/kənˈvɜːdʒ/	hội tụ, kết hợp	“As artificial intelligence, machine learning…converge”	technologies converge, trends converge
sophisticated	adj	/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/	phức tạp, tinh vi	“integration of sophisticated artificial intelligence”	sophisticated technology, sophisticated system
diagnostic accuracy	n	/ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk ˈækjərəsi/	độ chính xác chẩn đoán	“demonstrating diagnostic accuracy that rivals…human physicians”	high accuracy, improved accuracy
tantalizing	adj	/ˈtæntəlaɪzɪŋ/	hấp dẫn, khơi gợi	“these AI systems offer a tantalizing possibility”	tantalizing prospect, tantalizing opportunity
accountability	n	/əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/	trách nhiệm giải trình	“who bears accountability?”	legal accountability, corporate accountability
over-reliance	n	/ˌəʊvər rɪˈlaɪəns/	sự phụ thuộc quá mức	“the risk of over-reliance on AI systems”	dangerous over-reliance, excessive reliance
automation bias	n	/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən ˈbaɪəs/	thiên lệch tự động hóa	“a phenomenon psychologists term automation bias”	cognitive bias, algorithmic bias
augment	v	/ɔːɡˈment/	tăng cường, bổ sung	“AI serves as a tool to augment rather than replace human medical expertise”	augment capabilities, augment resources
latency	n	/ˈleɪtənsi/	độ trễ	“5G offers…dramatically lower latency”	low latency, network latency
haptic feedback	n	/ˈhæptɪk ˈfiːdbæk/	phản hồi xúc giác	“Haptic feedback systems…allow physicians to feel”	tactile feedback, sensory feedback
presage	v	/ˈpresɪdʒ/	báo trước, điềm báo	“identify subtle patterns…that presage health events”	presage change, presage disaster
anticipatory	adj	/ænˈtɪsɪpətəri/	mang tính dự đoán	“this shift toward anticipatory care”	anticipatory action, proactive approach
commodification	n	/kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/	sự hàng hóa hóa	“questions about data ownership and commodification”	data commodification, cultural commodification
exacerbate	v	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/	làm trầm trọng thêm	“they could instead exacerbate existing disparities”	exacerbate problems, exacerbate tensions
equitable	adj	/ˈekwɪtəbəl/	công bằng, hợp lý	“Equitable deployment of telemedicine innovations”	equitable distribution, equitable access
technocratic	adj	/ˌteknəˈkrætɪk/	thuộc về giai cấp kỹ trị	“transforming medicine into a technocratic exercise”	technocratic approach, technocratic elite
harness	v	/ˈhɑːnɪs/	khai thác, tận dụng	“to harness their potential while vigilantly addressing their pitfalls”	harness power, harness technology
consequential	adj	/ˌkɒnsɪˈkwenʃəl/	quan trọng, có hậu quả	“one of the most consequential public health decisions”	highly consequential, consequential decision

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Kết bài

Chủ đề “How is the growth of telemedicine affecting healthcare access in rural areas?” không chỉ là một đề tài thời sự mà còn phản ánh những thay đổi sâu sắc trong cách thức cung cấp dịch vụ y tế toàn cầu. Qua bài thi mẫu này, các bạn đã được trải nghiệm đầy đủ một đề IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages có độ khó tăng dần, từ mức Easy phù hợp với band 5.0-6.5, qua Medium cho band 6.0-7.5, đến Hard dành cho band 7.0-9.0.

Đề thi bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng với 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading: Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Information, Sentence Completion, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và Short-answer Questions. Mỗi dạng đều được thiết kế để kiểm tra các kỹ năng đọc hiểu khác nhau, từ nắm bắt thông tin chi tiết, hiểu ý chính, đến suy luận và phân tích.

Phần đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể đã chỉ ra vị trí thông tin trong bài, cách paraphrase được sử dụng, và lý do tại sao các đáp án đó chính xác. Đây là công cụ quan trọng giúp bạn tự đánh giá, hiểu rõ cách làm bài và rút kinh nghiệm cho những lần luyện tập tiếp theo.

Hơn 50 từ vựng quan trọng được tổng hợp theo từng passage sẽ giúp bạn mở rộng vốn từ vựng học thuật, đặc biệt trong lĩnh vực y tế, công nghệ và các vấn đề xã hội. Hãy học những từ này kèm theo collocation và ví dụ cụ thể để sử dụng hiệu quả trong cả Reading và Writing.

Hãy dành thời gian làm bài nghiêm túc theo đúng thời gian quy định, sau đó đối chiếu đáp án và đọc kỹ phần giải thích để hiểu sâu hơn về kỹ thuật làm bài. Thực hành đều đặn với các đề thi chất lượng như thế này sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn và đạt được band điểm mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới.