IELTS Reading: Cách Hỗ Trợ Doanh Nghiệp Địa Phương Trong Suy Thoái Kinh Tế - Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết » IELTS.NET

Mở bài

Chủ đề về hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp địa phương trong thời kỳ suy thoái kinh tế thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading, đặc biệt là trong các passages liên quan đến kinh tế, xã hội và phát triển cộng đồng. Đây là một chủ đề thực tiễn, phản ánh những vấn đề đang diễn ra trên toàn cầu, đặc biệt sau các cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế.

Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với ba passages từ dễ đến khó, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống như thi thật. Bạn sẽ được luyện tập với nhiều dạng câu hỏi phổ biến như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Information, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác. Mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin trong bài và cách paraphrase.

Ngoài ra, bạn sẽ học được hơn 40 từ vựng quan trọng liên quan đến kinh tế, kinh doanh và phát triển cộng đồng, cùng với các kỹ thuật làm bài hiệu quả. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên có mục tiêu từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với cấu trúc đề thi thực tế và nâng cao khả năng đọc hiểu học thuật.

Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test là một phần quan trọng trong kỳ thi IELTS, được thiết kế để đánh giá khả năng đọc hiểu tiếng Anh học thuật của bạn. Bài thi bao gồm:

Thời gian: 60 phút cho 3 passages
Tổng số câu hỏi: 40 câu
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó thấp)
- Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó trung bình)
- Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó cao)

Mỗi passage có độ dài khoảng 700-900 từ và đi kèm với 13-14 câu hỏi. Độ khó tăng dần từ Passage 1 đến Passage 3, yêu cầu bạn có chiến lược quản lý thời gian hợp lý.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các phương án cho sẵn
True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
Matching Information – Ghép thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
Summary Completion – Hoàn thành đoạn tóm tắt bằng từ trong bài
Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định ý kiến của tác giả
Matching Sentence Endings – Ghép phần đầu và cuối câu
Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – Supporting Local Businesses: A Community Approach

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

The concept of supporting local businesses has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly during times of economic uncertainty. When large-scale economic downturns occur, small and medium-sized enterprises are often the most vulnerable, facing challenges that can threaten their survival. However, communities around the world have discovered that collective action and conscious consumer choices can make a substantial difference in helping these businesses weather difficult times.

Local businesses form the backbone of most communities, providing not only goods and services but also employment opportunities and a sense of community identity. Unlike large corporations that may have extensive financial reserves to rely on during crises, small business owners often operate with tight profit margins and limited access to emergency funds. This makes them particularly susceptible to sudden drops in customer traffic or prolonged economic hardship.

One of the most straightforward ways individuals can support local businesses is through their purchasing decisions. Instead of automatically choosing large chain stores or online retailers, consumers can make a conscious effort to shop locally. This might mean visiting the independent bookshop on the corner rather than ordering from an online giant, or choosing to dine at a family-owned restaurant instead of a fast-food chain. Each purchase made at a local business helps to circulate money within the community, creating a multiplier effect that benefits other local enterprises and workers.

The importance of this local spending becomes even more apparent when we consider how money moves through an economy. Studies have shown that when you spend money at a locally-owned business, a significantly higher percentage of that money stays within the community compared to spending at a chain store. Local business owners are more likely to use other local services, hire local employees, and purchase supplies from nearby vendors. This creates a virtuous cycle of economic activity that strengthens the entire community’s financial resilience.

Beyond simply making purchases, community members can support local businesses by spreading awareness through word-of-mouth recommendations and social media. In the digital age, online reviews and social media mentions have become incredibly powerful tools for small businesses. A positive review on a popular platform or a shared post about a great experience can reach hundreds or thousands of potential customers at no cost to the business. This form of support is particularly valuable because it helps businesses maintain visibility without having to invest heavily in advertising, which many cannot afford during economic downturns.

Flexible payment options and gift card purchases represent another practical way to provide immediate financial support. During challenging times, buying gift cards from struggling businesses provides them with upfront cash flow that can help cover immediate expenses such as rent, utilities, and staff wages. Even if you don’t use the gift card immediately, the business benefits from having that money available when they need it most. Some communities have even organized group gift card purchases to provide more substantial support to businesses at risk of closing.

Collaboration between businesses and community organizations can also create innovative support mechanisms. Some communities have established “shop local” campaigns that include special events, loyalty programs, and promotional activities designed to drive traffic to independent businesses. Local governments might contribute by offering temporary tax relief, reduced licensing fees, or grants specifically targeted at helping small businesses survive economic hardships.

The relationship between local businesses and their communities is inherently reciprocal. When communities actively support their local enterprises during tough times, those businesses are more likely to remain open, preserving jobs and maintaining the unique character that makes each community special. Conversely, when local businesses fail, communities lose not just shops and restaurants, but also gathering places, local employment, and the diverse options that make neighborhoods vibrant and distinctive.

Understanding this interconnectedness encourages a long-term perspective on local economic health. Supporting local businesses during downturns isn’t just about charity or sentiment; it’s an investment in the community’s future prosperity and resilience. Every dollar spent locally, every positive review written, and every recommendation made to a friend contributes to building a stronger, more sustainable local economy that can better withstand future challenges.

Questions 1-13

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

According to the passage, what makes small businesses particularly vulnerable during economic downturns?
A. They lack experienced management
B. They operate with limited profit margins and financial reserves
C. They don’t have enough employees
D. They charge higher prices than large corporations
What is the “multiplier effect” mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. Businesses multiplying their prices during crises
B. The increase in the number of local shops
C. Money circulating within the community and benefiting multiple businesses
D. The multiplication of online sales
Why are online reviews particularly valuable for small businesses during economic hardships?
A. They replace the need for physical stores
B. They provide free advertising and visibility
C. They guarantee immediate profits
D. They eliminate competition from large chains
What immediate benefit do gift card purchases provide to struggling businesses?
A. Increased customer loyalty
B. Better online presence
C. Upfront cash flow for immediate expenses
D. Free advertising opportunities
How does the passage describe the relationship between local businesses and communities?
A. Competitive
B. Temporary
C. Reciprocal
D. Complicated

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Large corporations are more affected by economic downturns than small businesses.
Money spent at local businesses has a greater community impact than money spent at chain stores.
Gift cards can only be purchased individually, not as part of group initiatives.
Local governments in all countries provide tax relief to small businesses during economic crises.

Questions 10-13: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Supporting local businesses during economic downturns is crucial for community survival. Unlike large corporations with substantial financial reserves, small businesses often have tight (10) and limited emergency funds. Community members can help by making conscious (11) to shop locally, which creates a beneficial economic cycle. Additionally, spreading awareness through (12) and social media costs nothing but provides valuable visibility. When communities support their local enterprises, they preserve jobs and maintain the unique (13) that makes neighborhoods special.

PASSAGE 2 – Economic Resilience Through Community-Based Business Support

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The phenomenon of economic downturns has historically tested the resilience of communities worldwide, with local businesses bearing the brunt of financial instability. Recent research into community economics has revealed that the survival rate of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) during recessions is significantly influenced by the strength of community engagement and the implementation of strategic support mechanisms. Understanding these dynamics has become increasingly crucial as economies face more frequent periods of volatility and uncertainty.

Behavioral economists have identified several psychological barriers that prevent consumers from consistently supporting local businesses, even when they intellectually recognize the benefits. The convenience factor associated with large retailers and e-commerce platforms often outweighs local loyalty, particularly when consumers face their own financial pressures. However, innovative communities have developed frameworks that address these barriers while simultaneously strengthening local commercial ecosystems. These frameworks typically combine educational initiatives, structural incentives, and technological integration to create sustainable support systems.

One particularly effective approach involves the creation of local currency systems or community loyalty programs that incentivize local spending while building a sense of collective economic identity. Cities such as Bristol in the United Kingdom and Ithaca in the United States have experimented with complementary currencies that can only be spent at participating local businesses. These systems create a closed-loop economy where money circulates multiple times within the community before leaving, significantly amplifying the economic impact of each transaction. Research conducted by the New Economics Foundation suggests that such initiatives can increase local spending by 15-25% among participating community members.

The role of digital platforms in facilitating local business support has evolved considerably in recent years. While online marketplaces initially posed a significant threat to brick-and-mortar establishments, communities have begun leveraging similar technologies to create localized e-commerce ecosystems. Applications and websites that aggregate local businesses, enable online ordering with local pickup, and facilitate community-supported commerce have emerged as powerful tools. These platforms provide small businesses with the digital infrastructure they previously lacked while maintaining the local focus that preserves community character and economic benefits.

Collaborative consumption models represent another innovative approach to supporting local enterprises during economic challenges. These models, which include cooperative purchasing groups, time banks, and skill-sharing networks, create alternative economic systems that reduce dependence on traditional currency while strengthening community bonds. During downturns, when cash flow becomes constrained, these systems allow community members to continue accessing local goods and services through barter, time exchange, or cooperative purchasing power. Such arrangements not only support local businesses but also foster social capital that proves valuable long after economic conditions improve.

The concept of “anchor institutions” has gained traction as a strategic approach to stabilizing local economies. Universities, hospitals, and other large non-profit organizations that are geographically embedded in communities can serve as economic anchors by deliberately sourcing goods and services from local suppliers. The Evergreen Cooperatives initiative in Cleveland, Ohio, exemplifies this model, where anchor institutions committed to purchasing from locally-owned worker cooperatives, creating a stable demand base that helped these businesses survive and thrive even during regional economic difficulties. This approach has been replicated in various forms across multiple cities, demonstrating scalability and adaptability across different economic contexts.

Municipal policy interventions play a crucial role in either facilitating or hindering community-based business support. Progressive local governments have implemented various measures including preferential procurement policies that favor local vendors, streamlined licensing procedures that reduce bureaucratic burden, and targeted financial assistance programs such as micro-lending initiatives or emergency relief funds. The city of Barcelona’s “Km.0 strategy” illustrates comprehensive policy integration, combining spatial planning that preserves commercial diversity with financial tools that support local entrepreneurship and public campaigns that promote local consumption.

However, the effectiveness of community support mechanisms depends significantly on sustained engagement rather than temporary enthusiasm. Economic research indicates that many “shop local” campaigns generate initial increases in local business patronage that fade over time as old habits reassert themselves. Creating permanent behavioral change requires embedding local support into the community’s cultural fabric through persistent education, regular community events, and institutional structures that make local consumption the default option rather than an alternative requiring extra effort.

The relationship between economic downturns and innovation in community support mechanisms reveals an interesting paradox. While crises threaten business survival, they also catalyze creative problem-solving and strengthen community bonds. Communities that successfully navigate downturns often emerge with robust support infrastructure that continues providing benefits during prosperous times, creating greater overall economic resilience. This suggests that investing in community-based business support systems should be viewed not as crisis management but as fundamental economic development strategy that yields long-term dividends regardless of broader economic conditions.

Cộng đồng hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp địa phương trong thời kỳ khủng hoảng kinh tế với các chương trình mua sắm và khuyến khích

Questions 14-26

Questions 14-18: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?

Write:

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

The convenience of large retailers is the only reason people don’t support local businesses.
Local currency systems have proven effective in increasing community spending at local businesses.
Digital platforms always harm brick-and-mortar local businesses.
Anchor institutions can provide stable demand for local suppliers even during economic difficulties.
Most “shop local” campaigns maintain their initial success rates over long periods.

Questions 19-23: Matching Information

Match each description with the correct concept (A-H) from the passage.

A. Local currency systems
B. Digital platforms
C. Collaborative consumption models
D. Anchor institutions
E. Municipal policy interventions
F. Behavioral economists
G. Evergreen Cooperatives
H. Km.0 strategy

Alternative economic arrangements that reduce reliance on traditional money
Large organizations that are permanently located in communities and can stabilize local economies
A comprehensive approach combining spatial planning and financial support
Professionals who study psychological obstacles to local business support
Money that can only be used at participating local businesses

Questions 24-26: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Communities have developed various innovative mechanisms to support local businesses during economic downturns. Local currency systems create a (24) where money circulates multiple times within the community. Additionally, large institutions like universities and hospitals can act as (25) by deliberately purchasing from local suppliers. However, for these support systems to work effectively, they require (26) ___ rather than just temporary enthusiasm from the community.

PASSAGE 3 – The Structural Economics of Localized Business Ecosystems in Crisis Periods

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The macroeconomic ramifications of localized business support during systemic economic contractions have increasingly occupied the attention of economists seeking to understand resilience mechanisms within complex adaptive economic systems. Traditional neoclassical economic models have tended to emphasize efficiency maximization through economies of scale and comparative advantage, often implicitly favoring larger, more integrated corporate structures over atomized local enterprises. However, recent empirical evidence from multiple economic crises, including the 2008 financial collapse and the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged these assumptions, revealing that communities with robust local business ecosystems demonstrate superior adaptive capacity and more rapid post-crisis recovery trajectories than those dominated by large, externally-controlled commercial entities.

This paradigmatic shift in economic thinking draws substantially from complexity theory and network science, which conceptualize economies not as mechanistic systems tending toward equilibrium but as dynamic networks characterized by emergent properties and non-linear feedback loops. Within this framework, local businesses function as nodes in a multidimensional network encompassing economic transactions, social relationships, and informational exchanges. The density and diversity of these connections create redundancy in the economic system—a characteristic that proves crucial during disruptions. When one pathway for goods, services, or information becomes blocked, alternative routes through the network can maintain economic function, whereas systems dependent on few, highly efficient pathways prove fragile when those pathways fail.

The concept of “economic multipliers” provides a quantitative foundation for understanding local business support’s macroeconomic impact. The Local Multiplier Effect (LM3), developed by the New Economics Foundation, measures how money circulates within a defined geographic area. Empirical studies utilizing this methodology have consistently demonstrated that local independent businesses generate multiplier effects ranging from 1.4 to 2.6, meaning each dollar spent produces an additional 40 to 160 cents in local economic activity. By contrast, chain stores and online retailers typically generate multipliers between 1.1 and 1.3. This differential impact stems from procurement patterns, labor sourcing, profit distribution, and tax incidence—factors that determine how thoroughly economic activity integrates into local value chains.

Transaction cost economics offers another analytical lens for examining localized business support. Information asymmetries, principal-agent problems, and contractual uncertainties create frictions in economic exchange that can become acute during crises when trust erodes and future conditions become opaque. Local businesses embedded in dense social networks can mitigate these transaction costs through reputation mechanisms, repeat interactions, and community enforcement of norms. Research in economic sociology has documented how these embedded relationships facilitate economic activity during downturns when formal mechanisms become unreliable. Communities where businesses maintain strong local ties demonstrate greater contract flexibility, more informal credit arrangements, and increased cooperative problem-solving—all factors that enhance survival during liquidity crunches and demand shocks.

The temporal dynamics of community support for local businesses reveal intriguing patterns that challenge simple cause-and-effect narratives. Time-series analyses of local business performance during economic cycles indicate that communities with established support mechanisms prior to downturns experience significantly better outcomes than those attempting to construct support systems reactively. This suggests that social capital, institutional infrastructure, and behavioral norms favoring local consumption require substantial gestation periods before generating protective effects. The hysteresis observed in these systems—where previous states influence present behavior even after conditions change—implies that communities’ historical relationship with local businesses creates path dependencies that shape crisis responses.

Institutional economics contributes insights into how formal structures and informal conventions facilitate or impede localized business support. Property rights regimes, regulatory frameworks, taxation structures, and financial system architectures create the institutional environment within which support mechanisms operate. Comparative institutional analysis reveals that federalist governance structures providing substantial municipal autonomy enable more effective local business support through policy experimentation and community-specific interventions. Conversely, highly centralized systems often implement one-size-fits-all policies that fail to account for local heterogeneity in business composition, community preferences, and economic conditions.

The distributional consequences of localized business support merit careful consideration within broader discussions of economic equity. While supporting local businesses generally aligns with progressive economic goals by preserving employment and preventing wealth concentration, the actual beneficiaries depend on who owns and operates these businesses and who has access to them. Gentrification dynamics can create situations where “local” businesses primarily serve affluent newcomers while displacing long-standing residents and the enterprises that served them. Critical economic geography has documented cases where “shop local” movements inadvertently accelerate neighborhood transformation that ultimately undermines the economic diversity and accessibility such movements ostensibly promote.

Behavioral economics and neuroeconomics provide micro-foundations for understanding individual decision-making regarding local business support. Present bias, status quo bias, and choice architecture significantly influence purchasing behavior, often in ways that conflict with stated preferences for supporting local enterprises. The intention-behavior gap—where consumers express support for local businesses but consistently choose convenient alternatives—reflects not hypocrisy but predictable patterns in how humans process information and make decisions under cognitive constraints. Effective support mechanisms must account for these psychological realities rather than assuming rational actor models that overestimate individuals’ capacity for consistent preference-aligned behavior.

The integration of ecological economics perspectives highlights how localized business support intersects with environmental sustainability. Shortened supply chains, reduced transportation externalities, and circular economy principles inherent in many local business models generate positive environmental spillovers alongside economic benefits. However, this relationship proves complex: local businesses operating with outdated technologies or inefficient scales may generate larger per-unit environmental impacts than optimized large-scale operations. The environmental case for local business support thus depends on complementary policies promoting sustainable practices and appropriate technology adoption rather than assuming local automatically equals sustainable.

Looking forward, the co-evolution of technology and localized economic systems presents both opportunities and challenges. Blockchain-based local currencies, platform cooperativism, and distributed manufacturing technologies could dramatically enhance local businesses’ competitive positioning while preserving community benefits. Alternatively, increasing returns to scale in digital technologies and network effects in platform-based commerce could further concentrate economic power, making meaningful local business support increasingly difficult despite community preferences. The trajectory remains indeterminate, suggesting that deliberate collective action and thoughtful policy design will substantially influence whether future economies amplify or attenuate localization possibilities.

Hệ thống mạng lưới kinh tế địa phương phức tạp thể hiện mối liên kết giữa các doanh nghiệp và cộng đồng

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

According to the passage, traditional neoclassical economic models have
A. always emphasized local business support
B. favored larger corporate structures over local enterprises
C. ignored economies of scale completely
D. focused exclusively on local comparative advantage
The Local Multiplier Effect (LM3) measures
A. how many local businesses exist in an area
B. the profitability of chain stores versus local shops
C. how money circulates within a defined geographic area
D. the number of jobs created by local businesses
What multiplier effect do local independent businesses typically generate?
A. Between 1.1 and 1.3
B. Between 1.4 and 2.6
C. Between 2.7 and 3.5
D. Above 4.0
According to the passage, transaction costs during crises can be reduced by
A. increasing formal regulations
B. relying solely on written contracts
C. reputation mechanisms and community enforcement
D. eliminating all business relationships
The passage suggests that “shop local” movements can sometimes
A. always benefit all community members equally
B. prevent any form of neighborhood change
C. inadvertently contribute to gentrification
D. eliminate economic inequality completely

Questions 32-36: Matching Sentence Endings

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.

Communities with robust local business ecosystems
The density and diversity of local business networks
Communities with established support mechanisms prior to downturns
Highly centralized governance systems
Present bias and status quo bias

A. often fail to account for local economic differences
B. create redundancy that proves crucial during disruptions
C. experience superior adaptive capacity during crises
D. require substantial time periods to develop protective effects
E. eliminate all transaction costs in local economies
F. explain the gap between stated preferences and actual behavior
G. always result in environmental sustainability
H. experience significantly better outcomes than reactive systems

Questions 33-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage for each answer.

What type of theory conceptualizes economies as dynamic networks rather than mechanistic systems?
What term describes the phenomenon where previous states influence present behavior even after conditions change?
What type of governance structures enable more effective local business support through policy experimentation?
What three technologies are mentioned as potentially enhancing local businesses’ competitive positioning in the future?

Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

B
C
B
C
C
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
profit margins
purchasing decisions
word-of-mouth recommendations
character

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
C
D
H
F
A
closed-loop economy
anchor institutions
sustained engagement

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

B
C
B
C
C
C
B
H
A
F
complexity theory
hysteresis
federalist governance structures
blockchain-based local currencies (hoặc platform cooperativism, distributed manufacturing technologies)

Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: B

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: small businesses, vulnerable, economic downturns
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-6
Giải thích: Bài văn nói rõ “Unlike large corporations that may have extensive financial reserves to rely on during crises, small business owners often operate with tight profit margins and limited access to emergency funds.” Đây là paraphrase của đáp án B. Các đáp án khác không được đề cập trong bài.

Câu 2: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: multiplier effect
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 8-10
Giải thích: Bài văn giải thích “circulate money within the community, creating a multiplier effect that benefits other local enterprises and workers.” Đây chính xác là đáp án C – tiền lưu chuyển trong cộng đồng và mang lại lợi ích cho nhiều doanh nghiệp.

Câu 3: B

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: online reviews, valuable, economic hardships
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 5-8
Giải thích: Đoạn văn nói “This form of support is particularly valuable because it helps businesses maintain visibility without having to invest heavily in advertising” – paraphrase của “free advertising and visibility”.

Câu 4: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: gift card purchases, immediate benefit
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: “buying gift cards from struggling businesses provides them with upfront cash flow that can help cover immediate expenses” – trực tiếp trả lời câu hỏi với từ “upfront cash flow”.

Câu 5: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: relationship, local businesses, communities
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1
Giải thích: “The relationship between local businesses and their communities is inherently reciprocal” – từ “reciprocal” xuất hiện trực tiếp trong bài.

Câu 6: FALSE

Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
Từ khóa: large corporations, more affected
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-6
Giải thích: Bài văn nói ngược lại: “small and medium-sized enterprises are often the most vulnerable” và “large corporations that may have extensive financial reserves”. Điều này mâu thuẫn với câu hỏi.

Câu 7: TRUE

Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
Từ khóa: money spent, local businesses, greater community impact
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-5
Giải thích: “when you spend money at a locally-owned business, a significantly higher percentage of that money stays within the community compared to spending at a chain store” – khẳng định rõ ràng tác động lớn hơn.

Câu 8: FALSE

Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
Từ khóa: gift cards, only purchased individually
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 7-8
Giải thích: Bài văn đề cập “Some communities have even organized group gift card purchases” – chứng minh có thể mua theo nhóm, không chỉ cá nhân.

Câu 9: NOT GIVEN

Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
Từ khóa: local governments, all countries, tax relief
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: Bài văn chỉ nói “Local governments might contribute by offering temporary tax relief” nhưng không xác nhận điều này xảy ra ở tất cả các quốc gia.

Câu 10: profit margins

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: tight, limited emergency funds
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5
Giải thích: “tight profit margins” là cụm từ chính xác từ bài văn.

Câu 11: purchasing decisions

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: conscious, shop locally
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
Giải thích: “consumers can make a conscious effort to shop locally” và “through their purchasing decisions” – hai cụm từ liên quan trực tiếp.

Câu 12: word-of-mouth recommendations

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: spreading awareness, social media
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1
Giải thích: “support local businesses by spreading awareness through word-of-mouth recommendations and social media” – cụm từ chính xác.

Câu 13: character

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: unique, neighborhoods special
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 3-4
Giải thích: “preserving jobs and maintaining the unique character that makes each community special” – từ “character” là đáp án chính xác.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: NO

Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
Từ khóa: convenience, only reason
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: Bài văn nói “several psychological barriers” và “convenience factor… often outweighs local loyalty” – cho thấy có nhiều lý do, không chỉ một. Từ “only” làm cho câu hỏi sai so với quan điểm tác giả.

Câu 15: YES

Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
Từ khóa: local currency systems, proven effective, increasing community spending
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 7-9
Giải thích: “Research conducted by the New Economics Foundation suggests that such initiatives can increase local spending by 15-25%” – khẳng định hiệu quả đã được chứng minh.

Câu 16: NO

Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
Từ khóa: digital platforms, always harm
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-3
Giải thích: “While online marketplaces initially posed a significant threat… communities have begun leveraging similar technologies” – cho thấy công nghệ số có thể được sử dụng để hỗ trợ, không phải lúc nào cũng gây hại.

Câu 17: YES

Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
Từ khóa: anchor institutions, stable demand, economic difficulties
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4-7
Giải thích: “anchor institutions committed to purchasing from locally-owned worker cooperatives, creating a stable demand base that helped these businesses survive” – khẳng định rõ ràng.

Câu 18: NO

Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
Từ khóa: shop local campaigns, maintain initial success
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: “many ‘shop local’ campaigns generate initial increases in local business patronage that fade over time” – mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với câu hỏi.

Câu 19: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
Từ khóa: alternative economic arrangements, reduce reliance, traditional money
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: “Collaborative consumption models… create alternative economic systems that reduce dependence on traditional currency” – khớp chính xác với mô tả.

Câu 20: D

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
Từ khóa: large organizations, permanently located, stabilize local economies
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-2
Giải thích: “anchor institutions… Universities, hospitals, and other large non-profit organizations that are geographically embedded in communities” – định nghĩa chính xác của anchor institutions.

Câu 21: H

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
Từ khóa: comprehensive approach, spatial planning, financial support
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 5-7
Giải thích: “The city of Barcelona’s ‘Km.0 strategy’ illustrates comprehensive policy integration, combining spatial planning… with financial tools” – mô tả chính xác Km.0 strategy.

Câu 22: F

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
Từ khóa: professionals, study, psychological obstacles
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1
Giải thích: “Behavioral economists have identified several psychological barriers” – đúng với vai trò của behavioral economists.

Câu 23: A

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
Từ khóa: money, only used, participating local businesses
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-4
Giải thích: “complementary currencies that can only be spent at participating local businesses” – định nghĩa chính xác của local currency systems.

Câu 24: closed-loop economy

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: money circulates multiple times
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
Giải thích: “These systems create a closed-loop economy where money circulates multiple times within the community” – cụm từ chính xác.

Câu 25: anchor institutions

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: large institutions, deliberately purchasing
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-4
Giải thích: “anchor institutions… can serve as economic anchors by deliberately sourcing goods and services from local suppliers” – thuật ngữ chính xác.

Câu 26: sustained engagement

Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
Từ khóa: work effectively, rather than temporary
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1
Giải thích: “the effectiveness of community support mechanisms depends significantly on sustained engagement rather than temporary enthusiasm” – cụm từ chính xác.

Các chiến lược và công cụ hiệu quả để hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp địa phương trong giai đoạn khó khăn kinh tế

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: B

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: traditional neoclassical economic models
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 3-5
Giải thích: “Traditional neoclassical economic models have tended to emphasize efficiency maximization through economies of scale… often implicitly favoring larger, more integrated corporate structures over atomized local enterprises” – paraphrase của đáp án B.

Câu 28: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: Local Multiplier Effect (LM3), measures
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
Giải thích: “The Local Multiplier Effect (LM3)… measures how money circulates within a defined geographic area” – định nghĩa trực tiếp.

Câu 29: B

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: local independent businesses, multiplier effect, generate
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
Giải thích: “local independent businesses generate multiplier effects ranging from 1.4 to 2.6” – con số chính xác từ bài văn.

Câu 30: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: transaction costs, crises, reduced
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-7
Giải thích: “Local businesses embedded in dense social networks can mitigate these transaction costs through reputation mechanisms… and community enforcement of norms” – paraphrase của đáp án C.

Câu 31: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
Từ khóa: shop local movements, sometimes
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 3-6
Giải thích: “Gentrification dynamics can create situations where ‘local’ businesses primarily serve affluent newcomers… ‘shop local’ movements inadvertently accelerate neighborhood transformation” – đúng với đáp án C về gentrification.

Câu 32: C

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
Từ khóa: Communities with robust local business ecosystems
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 7-9
Giải thích: “communities with robust local business ecosystems demonstrate superior adaptive capacity” – khớp với ending C.

Câu 33: B

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
Từ khóa: density and diversity, local business networks
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-7
Giải thích: “The density and diversity of these connections create redundancy in the economic system” – khớp với ending B về redundancy trong disruptions.

Câu 34: H

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
Từ khóa: established support mechanisms prior to downturns
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-4
Giải thích: “communities with established support mechanisms prior to downturns experience significantly better outcomes than those attempting to construct support systems reactively” – khớp chính xác với ending H.

Câu 35: A

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
Từ khóa: highly centralized governance systems
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 6-8
Giải thích: “highly centralized systems often implement one-size-fits-all policies that fail to account for local heterogeneity” – paraphrase của ending A.

Câu 36: F

Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
Từ khóa: present bias, status quo bias
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1-4
Giải thích: “Present bias, status quo bias… significantly influence purchasing behavior… The intention-behavior gap” – giải thích khoảng cách giữa ý định và hành vi, khớp với ending F.

Câu 37: complexity theory

Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
Từ khóa: conceptualizes economies, dynamic networks, not mechanistic systems
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
Giải thích: “This paradigmatic shift in economic thinking draws substantially from complexity theory and network science, which conceptualize economies not as mechanistic systems… but as dynamic networks” – câu trả lời chính xác.

Câu 38: hysteresis

Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
Từ khóa: previous states influence present behavior, after conditions change
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 6-7
Giải thích: “The hysteresis observed in these systems—where previous states influence present behavior even after conditions change” – định nghĩa trực tiếp thuật ngữ.

Câu 39: federalist governance structures

Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
Từ khóa: governance structures, enable, effective local business support, policy experimentation
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 5-6
Giải thích: “federalist governance structures providing substantial municipal autonomy enable more effective local business support through policy experimentation” – cụm từ chính xác.

Câu 40: blockchain-based local currencies / platform cooperativism / distributed manufacturing technologies

Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
Từ khóa: three technologies, enhance local businesses, competitive positioning, future
Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 2-3
Giải thích: “Blockchain-based local currencies, platform cooperativism, and distributed manufacturing technologies could dramatically enhance local businesses’ competitive positioning” – ba công nghệ được liệt kê, bất kỳ một trong ba đều được chấp nhận.

Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
economic uncertainty	noun phrase	/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ʌnˈsɜːtənti/	sự bất ổn kinh tế	during times of economic uncertainty	face economic uncertainty
profit margins	noun	/ˈprɒfɪt ˈmɑːdʒɪnz/	biên lợi nhuận	operate with tight profit margins	narrow/slim profit margins
prolonged economic hardship	noun phrase	/prəˈlɒŋd ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈhɑːdʃɪp/	khó khăn kinh tế kéo dài	susceptible to prolonged economic hardship	endure prolonged hardship
purchasing decisions	noun	/ˈpɜːtʃəsɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz/	quyết định mua sắm	make conscious purchasing decisions	influence purchasing decisions
multiplier effect	noun	/ˈmʌltɪplaɪə(r) ɪˈfekt/	hiệu ứng nhân	creating a multiplier effect	generate a multiplier effect
virtuous cycle	noun	/ˈvɜːtʃuəs ˈsaɪkl/	vòng tuần hoàn tích cực	creates a virtuous cycle	establish/maintain a virtuous cycle
financial resilience	noun	/faɪˈnænʃl rɪˈzɪliəns/	sức chống chịu tài chính	strengthening financial resilience	build/enhance financial resilience
word-of-mouth recommendations	noun phrase	/wɜːd əv maʊθ ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃənz/	lời giới thiệu truyền miệng	spreading word-of-mouth recommendations	rely on word-of-mouth
upfront cash flow	noun phrase	/ˌʌpˈfrʌnt kæʃ fləʊ/	dòng tiền mặt trả trước	provides upfront cash flow	improve upfront cash flow
reciprocal	adjective	/rɪˈsɪprəkl/	có quan hệ qua lại	relationship is reciprocal	reciprocal relationship/benefits
interconnectedness	noun	/ˌɪntəkəˈnektɪdnəs/	sự liên kết với nhau	understanding this interconnectedness	recognize interconnectedness
long-term perspective	noun phrase	/lɒŋ tɜːm pəˈspektɪv/	quan điểm dài hạn	encourages a long-term perspective	adopt/take a long-term perspective

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
financial instability	noun phrase	/faɪˈnænʃl ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/	sự bất ổn tài chính	bearing the brunt of financial instability	cause/lead to financial instability
community engagement	noun phrase	/kəˈmjuːnəti ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/	sự tham gia cộng đồng	strength of community engagement	promote community engagement
strategic support mechanisms	noun phrase	/strəˈtiːdʒɪk səˈpɔːt ˈmekənɪzəmz/	cơ chế hỗ trợ chiến lược	implementation of strategic support mechanisms	develop strategic mechanisms
volatility	noun	/ˌvɒləˈtɪləti/	sự biến động	periods of volatility	market/economic volatility
behavioral economists	noun	/bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪsts/	nhà kinh tế học hành vi	identified by behavioral economists	research by behavioral economists
convenience factor	noun phrase	/kənˈviːniəns ˈfæktə(r)/	yếu tố thuận tiện	the convenience factor	consider the convenience factor
commercial ecosystems	noun phrase	/kəˈmɜːʃl ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəmz/	hệ sinh thái thương mại	strengthening commercial ecosystems	develop/support commercial ecosystems
closed-loop economy	noun phrase	/kləʊzd luːp ɪˈkɒnəmi/	nền kinh tế vòng khép kín	create a closed-loop economy	establish a closed-loop economy
digital infrastructure	noun phrase	/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/	cơ sở hạ tầng kỹ thuật số	provide digital infrastructure	build/develop digital infrastructure
collaborative consumption models	noun phrase	/kəˈlæbərətɪv kənˈsʌmpʃn ˈmɒdlz/	mô hình tiêu dùng hợp tác	represent collaborative consumption models	adopt collaborative models
social capital	noun phrase	/ˈsəʊʃl ˈkæpɪtl/	vốn xã hội	foster social capital	build/strengthen social capital
anchor institutions	noun phrase	/ˈæŋkə(r) ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃnz/	các tổ chức neo đậu	concept of anchor institutions	serve as anchor institutions
geographically embedded	adjective	/ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkli ɪmˈbedɪd/	gắn bó về mặt địa lý	geographically embedded in communities	be geographically embedded
scalability	noun	/ˌskeɪləˈbɪləti/	khả năng mở rộng quy mô	demonstrating scalability	ensure/improve scalability
sustained engagement	noun phrase	/səˈsteɪnd ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/	sự tham gia bền vững	depends on sustained engagement	require sustained engagement

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài
macroeconomic ramifications	noun phrase	/ˌmækrəʊˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃnz/	hậu quả kinh tế vĩ mô	The macroeconomic ramifications of localized business support	consider/analyze macroeconomic ramifications
systemic economic contractions	noun phrase	/sɪˈstemɪk ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk kənˈtrækʃnz/	sự co hẹp kinh tế có hệ thống	during systemic economic contractions	experience systemic contractions
resilience mechanisms	noun phrase	/rɪˈzɪliəns ˈmekənɪzəmz/	cơ chế phục hồi	understanding resilience mechanisms	develop resilience mechanisms
complex adaptive systems	noun phrase	/ˈkɒmpleks əˈdæptɪv ˈsɪstəmz/	hệ thống thích ứng phức tạp	within complex adaptive economic systems	study complex adaptive systems
neoclassical economic models	noun phrase	/ˌniːəʊˈklæsɪkl ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈmɒdlz/	mô hình kinh tế tân cổ điển	Traditional neoclassical economic models	critique neoclassical models
economies of scale	noun phrase	/ɪˈkɒnəmiz əv skeɪl/	lợi thế kinh tế nhờ quy mô	efficiency maximization through economies of scale	achieve economies of scale
comparative advantage	noun phrase	/kəmˈpærətɪv ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/	lợi thế so sánh	focusing on comparative advantage	exploit comparative advantage
empirical evidence	noun phrase	/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl ˈevɪdəns/	bằng chứng thực nghiệm	recent empirical evidence	provide empirical evidence
post-crisis recovery trajectories	noun phrase	/pəʊst ˈkraɪsɪs rɪˈkʌvəri trəˈdʒektəriz/	quỹ đạo phục hồi sau khủng hoảng	more rapid post-crisis recovery trajectories	follow recovery trajectories
paradigmatic shift	noun phrase	/ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/	sự chuyển đổi mô hình	This paradigmatic shift in economic thinking	represent a paradigmatic shift
complexity theory	noun phrase	/kəmˈpleksəti ˈθɪəri/	lý thuyết phức tạp	draws from complexity theory	apply complexity theory
emergent properties	noun phrase	/ɪˈmɜːdʒənt ˈprɒpətiz/	thuộc tính nổi lên	characterized by emergent properties	exhibit emergent properties
non-linear feedback loops	noun phrase	/nɒn ˈlɪniə(r) ˈfiːdbæk luːps/	vòng phản hồi phi tuyến tính	non-linear feedback loops	create feedback loops
transaction cost economics	noun phrase	/trænˈzækʃn kɒst ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/	kinh tế học chi phí giao dịch	offers another analytical lens	study transaction cost economics
information asymmetries	noun phrase	/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn eɪˈsɪmətriz/	sự bất cân xứng thông tin	Information asymmetries create frictions	reduce information asymmetries
principal-agent problems	noun phrase	/ˈprɪnsəpl ˈeɪdʒənt ˈprɒbləmz/	vấn đề ủy thác đại diện	principal-agent problems create uncertainties	address principal-agent problems
embedded relationships	noun phrase	/ɪmˈbedɪd rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪps/	mối quan hệ nhúng sâu	businesses maintain embedded relationships	develop embedded relationships
liquidity crunches	noun phrase	/lɪˈkwɪdəti krʌntʃɪz/	khủng hoảng thanh khoản	survival during liquidity crunches	face/experience liquidity crunches
hysteresis	noun	/ˌhɪstəˈriːsɪs/	hiệu ứng trễ	The hysteresis observed in these systems	demonstrate/exhibit hysteresis
path dependencies	noun phrase	/pɑːθ dɪˈpendənsiz/	sự phụ thuộc đường đi	creates path dependencies	create/establish path dependencies
institutional environment	noun phrase	/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/	môi trường thể chế	create the institutional environment	shape institutional environment
federalist governance structures	noun phrase	/ˈfedərəlɪst ˈɡʌvənəns ˈstrʌktʃəz/	cấu trúc quản trị liên bang	federalist governance structures	establish federalist structures
distributional consequences	noun phrase	/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃənl ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/	hậu quả phân phối	The distributional consequences	examine distributional consequences
intention-behavior gap	noun phrase	/ɪnˈtenʃn bɪˈheɪvjə(r) ɡæp/	khoảng cách giữa ý định và hành vi	The intention-behavior gap reflects	bridge the intention-behavior gap
cognitive constraints	noun phrase	/ˈkɒɡnətɪv kənˈstreɪnts/	những hạn chế nhận thức	decisions under cognitive constraints	overcome cognitive constraints
circular economy	noun phrase	/ˈsɜːkjələ(r) ɪˈkɒnəmi/	nền kinh tế tuần hoàn	circular economy principles	transition to circular economy
platform cooperativism	noun phrase	/ˈplætfɔːm kəʊˈɒpərətɪvɪzəm/	chủ nghĩa hợp tác nền tảng	platform cooperativism could enhance	promote platform cooperativism

Kết bài

Chủ đề “How To Support Local Businesses During Economic Downturns” là một trong những nội dung thực tế và quan trọng thường xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading. Qua bộ đề thi mẫu này, bạn đã được luyện tập với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần, từ mức cơ bản đến nâng cao, phản ánh đúng cấu trúc của bài thi IELTS thực tế.

Ba passages đã cung cấp góc nhìn toàn diện về chủ đề từ các khía cạnh khác nhau: cách tiếp cận cộng đồng cơ bản, các cơ chế hỗ trợ dựa trên kinh tế cộng đồng, và phân tích cấu trúc kinh tế học sâu về hệ sinh thái doanh nghiệp địa phương. Mỗi passage đều có độ khó phù hợp với các band điểm khác nhau, giúp bạn đánh giá được năng lực hiện tại và xác định mục tiêu cải thiện.

Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin và cách paraphrase sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ tại sao một đáp án đúng và tại sao các đáp án khác không phù hợp. Đây là kỹ năng quan trọng để bạn tự đánh giá và học hỏi từ những sai lầm của mình.

Hơn 40 từ vựng quan trọng được tổng hợp từ ba passages không chỉ giúp bạn mở rộng vốn từ trong lĩnh vực kinh tế và kinh doanh mà còn cung cấp các collocation thực tế giúp bạn sử dụng từ vựng một cách tự nhiên và chính xác hơn. Đây cũng là nguồn tài liệu quý giá cho phần Writing và Speaking của bạn. Để hiểu rõ hơn về vai trò quan trọng của các doanh nghiệp linh hoạt trong thời kỳ hiện đại, bạn có thể tìm hiểu về vai trò của nền kinh tế gig trong việc làm hiện đại, một mô hình kinh doanh đang ngày càng phổ biến trong bối cảnh kinh tế bất ổn.

Để đạt kết quả tốt nhất, hãy làm bài trong điều kiện thi thật với giới hạn thời gian 60 phút, sau đó đối chiếu đáp án và đọc kỹ phần giải thích. Hãy chú ý đến các từ khóa được làm đậm trong passages vì chúng thường là những từ vựng quan trọng và các cấu trúc ngữ pháp đáng học hỏi. Lưu ý rằng các thảm họa liên quan đến biến đổi khí hậu cũng có tác động lớn đến nền kinh tế địa phương, bạn có thể tìm hiểu thêm về tác động kinh tế của các thảm họa liên quan đến khí hậu để có cái nhìn toàn diện hơn về các thách thức kinh tế hiện nay.

Chúc bạn luyện tập hiệu quả và đạt được band điểm mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!

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IELTS Reading: Cách Hỗ Trợ Doanh Nghiệp Địa Phương Trong Suy Thoái Kinh Tế – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

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