IELTS Reading: Hỗ trợ sức khỏe tâm thần cho phụ huynh đi làm – Đề thi mẫu có đáp án chi tiết

Mở bài

Chủ đề sức khỏe tâm thần của phụ huynh đi làm (mental health for working parents) ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading gần đây. Với xu hướng xã hội hiện đại, nơi cả cha và mẹ đều tham gia lực lượng lao động, áp lực cân bằng giữa công việc và gia đình đã trở thành một vấn đề toàn cầu đáng quan tâm. Chủ đề này thường xuất hiện dưới dạng các bài đọc về tâm lý học xã hội, y học cộng đồng, hoặc phát triển nguồn nhân lực.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được luyện tập với một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard. Đề thi bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống thi thật, đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích rõ ràng, và bộ từ vựng quan trọng giúp bạn nâng cao vốn từ học thuật. Bài thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với format chuẩn IELTS và rèn luyện kỹ năng quản lý thời gian hiệu quả.

1. Hướng dẫn làm bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test là bài thi kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm, không bị trừ điểm khi sai. Độ khó của các passages tăng dần từ Passage 1 (dễ nhất) đến Passage 3 (khó nhất).

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (14 câu hỏi)

Lưu ý dành 2-3 phút cuối để chuyển đáp án vào Answer Sheet cẩn thận.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các lựa chọn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không được đề cập
3. Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định quan điểm tác giả
4. Matching Headings – Ghép tiêu đề với đoạn văn
5. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu với thông tin từ bài đọc
6. Summary Completion – Điền từ vào đoạn tóm tắt
7. Matching Features – Ghép đặc điểm với người/tổ chức

2. IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Challenge of Work-Life Balance for Modern Parents

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

In today’s fast-paced world, working parents face unprecedented challenges in managing their professional responsibilities while raising children. The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly elusive, particularly for families where both parents maintain full-time careers. Research from the Australian Institute of Family Studies indicates that approximately 65% of families with children under 12 years old have both parents working, a significant increase from 48% in 1990.

The mental health implications of this shift are substantial. Dr. Sarah Matthews, a clinical psychologist specializing in family dynamics, explains that working parents often experience what she terms “dual-role stress” – the psychological pressure arising from attempting to excel simultaneously in both career and parenting domains. This stress manifests in various forms, including chronic fatigue, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of guilt about not spending enough time with children or not performing adequately at work.

Workplace policies play a crucial role in either exacerbating or alleviating this stress. Companies that offer flexible working arrangements, such as remote work options or adjustable hours, report higher employee satisfaction and retention rates among working parents. A 2022 study by the Melbourne Business School found that parents with access to flexible schedules experienced 40% lower stress levels compared to those with rigid work arrangements. However, despite growing awareness, only 34% of Australian workplaces currently offer comprehensive flexibility programs.

The societal expectations surrounding parenthood further compound these challenges. Traditional gender roles persist, with mothers often facing greater pressure to be the primary caregivers even when working full-time. This creates an unequal distribution of domestic responsibilities, contributing to what researchers call the “mental load” – the invisible cognitive effort of planning, organizing, and managing household tasks and children’s needs. Studies show that women carry approximately 70% of this mental load, regardless of their employment status.

Social support networks emerge as a critical protective factor for working parents’ mental health. Parents who maintain strong connections with family members, friends, and community groups report better psychological wellbeing and greater resilience in facing daily challenges. Grandparents, in particular, play an invaluable role; research indicates that families with involved grandparents experience 25% less parenting stress compared to those without such support.

Financial pressures represent another significant stressor for working parents. The rising costs of childcare, education, and housing force many families into situations where both parents must work, even when they might prefer different arrangements. In major Australian cities, childcare costs can consume up to 30% of a family’s income, creating additional economic anxiety that impacts mental health. This financial strain often leaves parents feeling trapped, unable to reduce work hours or choose more family-friendly employment options.

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically highlighted these vulnerabilities. When schools and childcare centers closed during lockdowns, working parents – particularly mothers – faced impossible demands of simultaneous full-time work and childcare. Mental health professionals reported a 60% increase in consultations from working parents during this period, with symptoms ranging from burnout to severe anxiety and depression. This crisis revealed the fragility of existing support systems and the urgent need for more robust solutions.

Early intervention and prevention strategies are essential for protecting working parents’ mental health. Experts recommend several practical approaches: establishing clear boundaries between work and family time, practicing regular self-care activities, seeking professional counseling when needed, and actively communicating needs with employers and family members. Dr. Matthews emphasizes that normalizing conversations about parental mental health challenges is crucial for reducing stigma and encouraging help-seeking behavior.

Organizations are beginning to recognize their responsibility in supporting employee wellbeing. Progressive companies now offer resources such as on-site childcare facilities, Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) with family-focused counseling, parental leave policies that extend beyond legal minimums, and mental health days specifically designated for parents. These initiatives not only benefit individual families but also enhance organizational productivity, reduce absenteeism, and improve employee loyalty.

Looking forward, experts advocate for systemic changes that address the root causes of parental stress. This includes government policies supporting affordable childcare, workplace legislation mandating flexible arrangements, cultural shifts toward more equitable parenting responsibilities, and community programs that strengthen social connections among families. Only through comprehensive, multi-level interventions can society adequately support the mental health of working parents and, by extension, the wellbeing of the next generation.

Questions 1-13

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. According to the passage, the percentage of families with two working parents

   • A) has decreased since 1990
   • B) remains unchanged from previous decades
   • C) has increased by 17 percentage points since 1990
   • D) is lower in Australia than other countries

2. Dr. Sarah Matthews describes “dual-role stress” as

   • A) stress experienced only by mothers
   • B) pressure from trying to succeed in work and parenting simultaneously
   • C) stress caused by working too many hours
   • D) anxiety about financial problems

3. The Melbourne Business School study found that flexible work schedules

   • A) reduced parent stress by 40%
   • B) were available in most workplaces
   • C) only benefited mothers
   • D) increased company costs significantly

4. The “mental load” refers to

   • A) physical exhaustion from work
   • B) financial worries about childcare costs
   • C) the cognitive effort of managing household and family tasks
   • D) pressure from employers

5. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health consultations from working parents

   • A) decreased by 60%
   • B) remained stable
   • C) increased by 60%
   • D) doubled in frequency

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. Only 34% of Australian companies currently provide comprehensive flexibility programs.
7. Fathers typically carry more of the mental load than mothers in dual-income families.
8. Families with grandparent support experience less parenting stress.
9. The Australian government has implemented new childcare subsidy programs.

Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. In major Australian cities, childcare expenses can represent up to __ of a family’s total income.

11. Working parents are advised to establish clear __ between work and family time.

12. Progressive companies now offer __ with counseling focused on family issues.

13. Experts recommend __ that address the fundamental causes of stress in working parents.

---

PASSAGE 2 – Workplace Interventions for Parental Mental Health

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The recognition that employee mental health directly impacts organizational productivity has prompted a paradigm shift in corporate approaches to supporting working parents. Contemporary research demonstrates that strategic interventions targeting parental wellbeing yield substantial returns on investment, with companies reporting decreased absenteeism, enhanced employee engagement, and improved talent retention rates. However, implementing effective support systems requires moving beyond superficial gestures toward comprehensive, evidence-based programs that address the multifaceted nature of parental stress.

A. The foundation of effective workplace support lies in creating a culture of psychological safety where parents feel comfortable disclosing their challenges without fear of career repercussions. Professor James Chen, an organizational psychologist at the University of Sydney, argues that many well-intentioned programs fail because they exist within corporate cultures that implicitly penalize parents for utilizing available resources. His longitudinal study of 200 companies revealed that utilization rates for parental support programs were 70% higher in organizations where senior leadership openly discussed their own work-family conflicts and visibly used flexible arrangements. This “permission effect” – where leadership modeling normalizes help-seeking behavior – proves more influential than the mere availability of programs.

B. Flexible work arrangements constitute the most frequently cited intervention, yet their implementation varies dramatically in effectiveness. The optimal approach, research suggests, involves “flexible by default” policies where autonomy over work location and hours is the standard rather than a special accommodation requiring justification. Microsoft’s Australian division implemented such a system in 2019, eliminating the need for employees to formally request flexibility. The results were remarkable: parental stress indicators decreased by 45%, while productivity metrics improved by 18%. Critically, fathers utilized flexibility at rates comparable to mothers, suggesting that default flexibility helps counteract gendered assumptions about caregiving responsibilities.

C. On-site or subsidized childcare facilities represent a more substantial organizational investment but yield profound benefits. Economic analyses indicate that companies providing childcare support experience a return on investment of approximately 150% through reduced turnover and recruitment costs. Beyond financial considerations, proximate childcare arrangements dramatically reduce parental anxiety. Dr. Helen Morrison’s neuroscience research demonstrates that physical proximity to children during work hours measurably decreases stress hormone levels in parents, even when they are not directly interacting with their children. This “reassurance effect” enables better focus and emotional regulation throughout the workday.

D. Mental health literacy training for managers constitutes another critical component of effective support systems. Many managers, despite good intentions, lack the knowledge to recognize signs of psychological distress in their team members or the skills to respond appropriately. Training programs that equip managers with mental health first aid competencies – including how to initiate supportive conversations, make appropriate referrals, and adjust workloads when needed – significantly improve early intervention outcomes. Companies implementing such training report 35% earlier detection of mental health concerns among working parents, enabling timely support before crises develop.

E. The integration of technology-enabled support has expanded the accessibility of mental health resources. Mobile applications providing on-demand counseling, mindfulness exercises, and peer support networks allow parents to access assistance during non-traditional hours – a crucial consideration given that parental stress often peaks during evenings and weekends when conventional support services are unavailable. However, technology should complement rather than replace human connection; hybrid models combining digital tools with periodic face-to-face counseling demonstrate superior outcomes compared to purely technology-based approaches.

F. Peer support networks within organizations create invaluable opportunities for working parents to share experiences and strategies. Formally facilitated parent groups, whether meeting in person or virtually, reduce the isolation many working parents experience. These networks serve multiple functions: emotional validation, practical advice exchange, and advocacy for systemic improvements. Research by Dr. Patricia Lee indicates that participation in workplace parent networks correlates with 30% lower rates of parental burnout and increased organizational commitment. The collective nature of these groups also empowers parents to advocate for policy changes that individual employees might hesitate to request.

G. Financial wellness programs addressing childcare costs represent a pragmatic intervention area. Beyond direct childcare subsidies, some organizations partner with childcare providers to secure preferential rates for employees or offer salary packaging arrangements that optimize tax benefits for childcare expenses. These financial supports provide tangible relief from one of parents’ most significant stressors. Additionally, financial planning resources help parents navigate complex decisions about work arrangements, childcare options, and long-term family financial security, reducing the cognitive burden of these concerns.

H. The timing of interventions proves equally important as their content. Transition-focused support – intensified resources during critical periods such as return from parental leave, child school entry, or family medical crises – prevents the escalation of stress during vulnerable times. Companies employing dedicated “return-to-work coordinators” who maintain contact with parents during leave and facilitate gradual reintegration report 60% lower rates of postpartum depression among returning mothers and 40% reduced turnover within the first year after parental leave.

Measuring the effectiveness of these interventions requires sophisticated approaches beyond simple utilization statistics. Leading organizations employ comprehensive wellbeing assessments that track not only mental health indicators but also factors such as work-family conflict levels, sleep quality, relationship satisfaction, and perceived support adequacy. Regular measurement enables continuous program refinement and demonstrates organizational commitment to evidence-based improvements. Furthermore, disaggregating data by demographic factors ensures that interventions effectively serve diverse family structures, including single parents, same-sex parents, and culturally diverse families whose needs may differ from traditional dual-parent households.

The most successful organizations recognize that supporting working parents’ mental health is not merely a human resources initiative but a strategic business imperative. As workforce demographics shift and younger generations prioritize employer support for work-life integration, companies that develop sophisticated, comprehensive parental support systems will possess decisive advantages in attracting and retaining talent. Moreover, children of supported, mentally healthy parents demonstrate better developmental outcomes, creating positive societal ripple effects that extend far beyond individual workplaces.

Chương trình hỗ trợ sức khỏe tâm thần cho phụ huynh đi làm tại văn phòng hiện đại

Questions 14-26

Questions 14-18: Matching Headings

The passage has eleven paragraphs labeled A-H and three unlabeled paragraphs.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings below.

List of Headings:

• i. The importance of proximity to children during work
• ii. Creating an environment where parents feel safe to ask for help
• iii. Using digital tools to extend mental health support access
• iv. Making flexible work the standard practice rather than an exception
• v. Training supervisors to identify and respond to mental health issues
• vi. Financial strategies to reduce childcare expense burden
• vii. The role of parent communities in reducing isolation
• viii. Supporting parents during critical life transitions
• ix. Measuring program success through comprehensive data

14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E

Questions 19-23: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

19. The availability of support programs is less important than organizational culture in determining whether parents use these programs.

20. Technology-based mental health support should completely replace traditional face-to-face counseling.

21. Fathers use flexible work arrangements as frequently as mothers when flexibility is the default policy.

22. All companies should implement on-site childcare regardless of cost.

23. Supporting working parents’ mental health provides strategic business advantages.

Questions 24-26: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Research shows that effective workplace interventions require more than superficial programs. When senior leaders openly discuss their own 24. __, it creates what researchers call a 25. __ that encourages other employees to seek help. Companies should also focus on 26. __, providing extra support during critical periods like returning from parental leave.

---

PASSAGE 3 – The Neurobiology of Parental Stress and Resilience

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The neurobiological underpinnings of parental stress illuminate why working parents face such profound challenges and, critically, suggest pathways toward more effective interventions. Contemporary neuroscience reveals that parenthood fundamentally restructures brain architecture, creating neural pathways that heighten sensitivity to offspring welfare while simultaneously making parents more vulnerable to stress-related dysregulation. Understanding these mechanisms provides essential insights for developing support strategies that align with rather than work against neurobiological realities.

The transition to parenthood triggers substantial neuroplastic changes, particularly in brain regions associated with emotional regulation, threat detection, and social cognition. Hoekzema and colleagues’ landmark 2017 study utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that pregnancy induces pronounced gray matter volume reductions in regions comprising the default mode network, changes that persist at least two years postpartum. Contrary to initial interpretations suggesting neuronal loss, subsequent research indicates these modifications reflect synaptic pruning and specialization – a refinement process that enhances parental responsiveness. However, this neural remodeling creates a paradox: while optimizing caregiving capabilities, it simultaneously renders parents more susceptible to stress-induced psychopathology.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the body’s primary stress response system, exhibits altered reactivity in parents compared to non-parents. Under typical circumstances, the HPA axis demonstrates circadian rhythmicity with cortisol levels peaking shortly after awakening and gradually declining throughout the day. Working parents, however, frequently display dysregulated cortisol patterns, characterized by blunted morning responses and elevated evening levels – a profile associated with chronic stress and increased vulnerability to depression and anxiety disorders. Particularly concerning, research by Saxbe and colleagues demonstrates that work-family conflict specifically predicts this pathological cortisol pattern, establishing a direct neurobiological link between role strain and physiological dysregulation.

The neural circuitry of parental caregiving involves complex interactions between the mesolimbic dopamine system (governing reward and motivation), the amygdala (processing threat and emotion), and prefrontal regulatory regions (enabling executive function and emotional modulation). When functioning optimally, infant cues trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, generating positive affect that reinforces caregiving behavior while prefrontal regions maintain behavioral flexibility and stress tolerance. However, chronic exposure to work-family stressors can sensitize threat-detection systems while desensitizing reward pathways – a neurobiological shift that transforms caregiving from intrinsically rewarding to emotionally depleting. This mechanism explains the phenomenon of parental burnout, where exhausted parents report feeling emotionally detached from their children despite continued behavioral caregiving.

Allostatic load – the cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress adaptation – provides a framework for understanding how sustained work-family conflict translates into mental health deterioration. Parents managing competing demands continuously activate stress response systems without adequate recovery periods, accumulating “wear and tear” across multiple biological systems. Elevated allostatic load manifests through various indicators: dysregulated neuroendocrine function, pro-inflammatory cytokine elevation, impaired cellular immunity, disrupted sleep architecture, and metabolic dysregulation. Crucially, research by Sun and colleagues demonstrates that workplace support interventions measurably reduce allostatic load markers in working parents, providing neurobiological validation for organizational support programs.

The concept of neurobiological resilience offers a more optimistic perspective, highlighting protective factors that buffer against stress pathology. Oxytocin, often termed the “bonding hormone,” exemplifies this protective potential. Beyond facilitating maternal-infant attachment, oxytocin modulates HPA axis reactivity, reduces amygdala activation to threatening stimuli, and enhances social cognition – collectively promoting stress resilience. Intriguingly, positive social interactions elevate oxytocin levels, suggesting that interventions fostering supportive workplace relationships or strengthening family social networks may exert protective neurobiological effects. Feldman’s research demonstrates that even brief structured interactions enhancing parent-child connection elevate oxytocin and buffer against physiological stress reactivity, highlighting accessible intervention targets.

Cognitive reappraisal – the capacity to reinterpret stressful situations in less threatening ways – represents another neurobiologically-grounded resilience mechanism. Functional neuroimaging studies reveal that effective reappraisal involves prefrontal downregulation of amygdala reactivity, essentially enabling cognitive control over emotional responses. Individual differences in reappraisal capacity predict stress resilience, with skilled reappraisers demonstrating healthier cortisol patterns and lower anxiety symptoms despite equivalent objective stressors. Importantly, reappraisal is not merely an innate trait but a trainable skill; cognitive behavioral interventions enhance reappraisal capacity while simultaneously strengthening the prefrontal-amygdala functional connectivity supporting this ability. These findings suggest that workplace mental health programs incorporating cognitive skills training may foster genuine neurobiological resilience rather than merely providing temporary symptom relief.

Sleep emerges as a critical mediator of stress neurobiology in working parents. Sleep deprivation – nearly universal among parents of young children – profoundly impacts the neural systems governing emotional regulation. Even modest sleep restriction impairs prefrontal cortical function while potentiating amygdala reactivity, creating a neurobiological state characterized by emotional volatility and diminished stress tolerance. Furthermore, sleep loss disrupts the consolidation of emotional experiences, impairing the processing of daily stressors and perpetuating negative emotional states. This neurobiological reality underscores why interventions supporting parental sleep – whether through flexible work schedules accommodating infant sleep patterns or partner support enabling sleep recovery – may yield disproportionate mental health benefits.

The emerging field of epigenetics reveals that parental stress can influence offspring neurodevelopment through non-genetic mechanisms, creating potential intergenerational transmission of stress vulnerability. Maternal stress during pregnancy alters offspring HPA axis development through epigenetic modifications – methylation patterns that influence gene expression without changing DNA sequences. Similarly, the quality of postnatal caregiving, itself influenced by parental stress and mental health, shapes infant neurobiological development through experience-dependent plasticity. These findings elevate the stakes of parental mental health support beyond individual wellbeing to encompass potential effects on child development and even grandchildren’s stress physiology.

Gender differences in stress neurobiology warrant specific consideration given the disproportionate burden working mothers experience. While both sexes undergo neural remodeling with parenthood, hormonal differences create distinct vulnerabilities. The postpartum period involves dramatic estrogen and progesterone withdrawal, hormones that modulate serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission governing mood regulation. This neurobiological transition, combined with sleep deprivation and caregiving demands, creates heightened vulnerability to mood disorders. Furthermore, research suggests that for mothers specifically, work-family conflict more strongly predicts HPA axis dysregulation compared to fathers, potentially reflecting neurobiological sensitivity to role strain amplified by sociocultural expectations of maternal primacy.

Translating these neurobiological insights into practical interventions requires a multi-level approach. At the individual level, evidence-based practices such as mindfulness meditation demonstrably alter brain structure and function, strengthening prefrontal regulatory capacity while reducing amygdala reactivity. At the interpersonal level, interventions strengthening partner relationships and social support networks leverage oxytocin pathways supporting stress resilience. At the organizational level, policies reducing chronic stress exposure – genuine flexibility, manageable workloads, psychological safety – prevent the accumulation of allostatic load. Finally, at the societal level, structural supports such as affordable childcare and adequate parental leave enable the recovery periods necessary for stress system recalibration.

The neurobiological perspective ultimately reframes parental mental health from a matter of individual psychological weakness to a predictable response to environmental demands that exceed neurobiological stress tolerance. This reconceptualization reduces stigma while highlighting the ethical imperative for societal supports. As neuroscience continues illuminating the mechanisms linking stress exposure to health outcomes, evidence increasingly demonstrates that supporting working parents’ mental health is not merely compassionate policy but a biological necessity for the wellbeing of parents, children, and future generations.

Cơ chế thần kinh sinh học của stress và khả năng phục hồi ở phụ huynh đi làm

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

27. According to the passage, brain changes during parenthood involve

• A) loss of neurons in critical regions
• B) growth of new brain regions
• C) refinement through pruning and specialization
• D) temporary changes that reverse after two years

28. Dysregulated cortisol patterns in working parents are characterized by

• A) high morning levels and low evening levels
• B) low morning levels and high evening levels
• C) consistently high levels throughout the day
• D) no cortisol production at all

29. Parental burnout occurs neurobiologically when

• A) dopamine levels become too high
• B) threat systems become sensitized while reward pathways become less responsive
• C) the amygdala stops functioning
• D) prefrontal regions become overactive

30. Research shows that oxytocin

• A) only affects mother-infant bonding
• B) increases stress reactivity
• C) can be elevated through positive social interactions
• D) cannot be influenced by interventions

31. Sleep deprivation affects working parents by

• A) improving prefrontal function
• B) reducing amygdala activity
• C) impairing emotional regulation capacity
• D) having no neurobiological effects

Questions 32-36: Matching Features

Match each research finding (32-36) with the correct researcher or research team (A-G).

Research Findings:
32. Demonstrated that pregnancy causes lasting changes in brain structure
33. Showed that workplace support reduces biological stress markers
34. Found that brief parent-child interactions can buffer stress physiology
35. Revealed that work-family conflict predicts abnormal cortisol patterns
36. Discovered that cognitive reappraisal training strengthens brain connectivity

Researchers:

• A) Hoekzema and colleagues
• B) Saxbe and colleagues
• C) Sun and colleagues
• D) Feldman
• E) Chen
• F) Morrison
• G) Not mentioned in the passage

Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

37. What type of changes in gene expression can transmit stress vulnerability across generations without altering DNA?

38. What period creates heightened vulnerability to mood disorders in mothers due to dramatic hormone withdrawal?

39. What practice has been shown to strengthen prefrontal regulatory capacity while reducing amygdala reactivity?

40. According to the conclusion, supporting parental mental health is described as a __ for wellbeing across generations.

---

3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. NOT GIVEN
10. 30% / thirty percent
11. boundaries / clear boundaries
12. Employee Assistance Programs / EAPs
13. systemic changes

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. ii
15. iv
16. i
17. v
18. iii
19. YES
20. NO
21. YES
22. NOT GIVEN
23. YES
24. work-family conflicts
25. permission effect
26. transition-focused support / Transition-focused support

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. C
28. B
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. A
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. G
37. epigenetic modifications / methylation patterns
38. postpartum period / the postpartum period
39. mindfulness meditation
40. biological necessity

---

4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: percentage of families, two working parents
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, câu thứ 3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “approximately 65% of families… have both parents working, a significant increase from 48% in 1990” – tăng từ 48% lên 65% = tăng 17 điểm phần trăm. Đáp án A, B và D đều không được đề cập hoặc mâu thuẫn với thông tin.

Câu 3: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Melbourne Business School study, flexible work schedules
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, câu thứ 4
• Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ rõ “parents with access to flexible schedules experienced 40% lower stress levels” – giảm 40% mức độ căng thẳng, chính là đáp án A. Paraphrase từ “lower stress levels” thành “reduced parent stress”.

Câu 6: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: 34%, Australian companies, comprehensive flexibility programs
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Câu trong bài: “only 34% of Australian workplaces currently offer comprehensive flexibility programs” khớp chính xác với câu hỏi, không có sự paraphrase. Đây là thông tin factual được xác nhận trực tiếp.

Câu 7: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: fathers, mental load, mothers
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “women carry approximately 70% of this mental load” – phụ nữ gánh 70%, nghĩa là đàn ông chỉ gánh 30%. Điều này mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với câu hỏi cho rằng fathers gánh nhiều hơn.

Câu 10: 30% / thirty percent

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: major Australian cities, childcare expenses, family’s total income
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, câu thứ 3
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “childcare costs can consume up to 30% of a family’s income”. Paraphrase: “expenses” = “costs”, “represent” = “consume”. Đáp án là “30%” hoặc viết chữ “thirty percent” đều được chấp nhận.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: ii (Paragraph A)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Từ khóa chính của đoạn: psychological safety, comfortable disclosing challenges, without fear
• Giải thích: Đoạn A tập trung vào việc tạo ra môi trường văn hóa nơi phụ huynh cảm thấy an toàn tâm lý để chia sẻ khó khăn. Heading ii “Creating an environment where parents feel safe to ask for help” khớp hoàn hảo với ý chính này.

Câu 15: iv (Paragraph B)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Từ khóa chính: flexible by default, standard rather than special accommodation
• Vị trí: Đoạn B, câu thứ 2-3
• Giải thích: Đoạn B thảo luận về “flexible by default” policies – làm cho linh hoạt trở thành tiêu chuẩn thay vì ngoại lệ. Heading iv “Making flexible work the standard practice rather than an exception” paraphrase chính xác ý này.

Câu 19: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: availability of support programs, organizational culture, determining whether parents use programs
• Vị trí: Đoạn A, câu thứ 2-3
• Giải thích: Tác giả rõ ràng ủng hộ quan điểm này khi nói “many well-intentioned programs fail because they exist within corporate cultures” và việc “permission effect” quan trọng hơn “mere availability of programs”. Đây chính xác là quan điểm của tác giả.

Câu 20: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: technology-based support, completely replace, traditional face-to-face counseling
• Vị trí: Đoạn E, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói rõ “technology should complement rather than replace human connection” – công nghệ nên bổ sung chứ không thay thế. Câu hỏi nói “completely replace” mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với quan điểm tác giả.

Câu 24: work-family conflicts

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: senior leaders, openly discuss
• Vị trí: Đoạn A, câu thứ 3
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “senior leadership openly discussed their own work-family conflicts”. Đây là thông tin chính xác không cần paraphrase nhiều.

Kỹ thuật làm bài IELTS Reading hiệu quả cho chủ đề sức khỏe tâm thần

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: brain changes, parenthood
• Vị trí: Đoạn 2, câu thứ 3
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “these modifications reflect synaptic pruning and specialization – a refinement process”. Đáp án C “refinement through pruning and specialization” paraphrase chính xác thông tin này. Đáp án A sai vì bài viết bác bỏ giả thuyết “neuronal loss”.

Câu 28: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: dysregulated cortisol patterns
• Vị trí: Đoạn 3, câu thứ 3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc mô tả “blunted morning responses and elevated evening levels” – mức sáng thấp (blunted) và tối cao (elevated). Đây chính là đáp án B. Đáp án A ngược lại với thông tin.

Câu 29: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: parental burnout, neurobiologically
• Vị trí: Đoạn 4, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Bài viết giải thích “chronic exposure… can sensitize threat-detection systems while desensitizing reward pathways” – hệ thống phát hiện nguy hiểm trở nên nhạy cảm hơn trong khi con đường phần thưởng trở nên kém nhạy. Đây chính xác là đáp án B.

Câu 32: A (Hoekzema and colleagues)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Từ khóa: pregnancy, lasting changes, brain structure
• Vị trí: Đoạn 2, câu thứ 2
• Giải thích: “Hoekzema and colleagues’ landmark 2017 study… demonstrated that pregnancy induces pronounced gray matter volume reductions… changes that persist at least two years postpartum” – rõ ràng là nghiên cứu về thay đổi não bộ lâu dài do thai kỳ.

Câu 37: epigenetic modifications / methylation patterns

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Từ khóa: changes in gene expression, transmit stress vulnerability, without altering DNA
• Vị trí: Đoạn 9, câu thứ 2
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “epigenetic modifications – methylation patterns that influence gene expression without changing DNA sequences”. Cả hai đáp án “epigenetic modifications” và “methylation patterns” đều chính xác vì đều nằm trong giới hạn 3 từ.

Câu 39: mindfulness meditation

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Question
• Từ khóa: practice, strengthen prefrontal, reduce amygdala
• Vị trí: Đoạn 11, câu thứ 2
• Giải thích: “Evidence-based practices such as mindfulness meditation demonstrably alter brain structure and function, strengthening prefrontal regulatory capacity while reducing amygdala reactivity” – khớp chính xác với câu hỏi.

---

5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
work-life balance	noun phrase	/wɜːk laɪf ˈbæləns/	sự cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống	The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly elusive	achieve/maintain/struggle with work-life balance
dual-role stress	noun phrase	/ˈdjuːəl rəʊl stres/	căng thẳng từ vai trò kép	Parents often experience what she terms “dual-role stress”	experience/suffer from dual-role stress
chronic fatigue	noun phrase	/ˈkrɒnɪk fəˈtiːɡ/	mệt mỏi kinh niên	This stress manifests in various forms, including chronic fatigue	suffer from/experience chronic fatigue
flexible working arrangements	noun phrase	/ˈfleksəbl ˈwɜːkɪŋ əˈreɪndʒmənts/	sắp xếp công việc linh hoạt	Companies that offer flexible working arrangements report higher satisfaction	offer/provide/implement flexible working arrangements
primary caregiver	noun phrase	/ˈpraɪməri ˈkeəɡɪvə(r)/	người chăm sóc chính	Mothers often facing greater pressure to be the primary caregivers	act as/serve as primary caregiver
mental load	noun phrase	/ˈmentl ləʊd/	gánh nặng tâm trí	The invisible cognitive effort researchers call the “mental load”	carry/bear/share the mental load
social support networks	noun phrase	/ˈsəʊʃl səˈpɔːt ˈnetwɜːks/	mạng lưới hỗ trợ xã hội	Social support networks emerge as a critical protective factor	build/maintain/strengthen social support networks
financial pressures	noun phrase	/faɪˈnænʃl ˈpreʃəz/	áp lực tài chính	Financial pressures represent another significant stressor	face/experience/cope with financial pressures
burnout	noun	/ˈbɜːnaʊt/	kiệt sức	Mental health professionals reported symptoms ranging from burnout to severe anxiety	prevent/avoid/recover from burnout
self-care activities	noun phrase	/self keə ækˈtɪvətiz/	hoạt động chăm sóc bản thân	Practicing regular self-care activities is recommended	engage in/prioritize self-care activities
Employee Assistance Programs	noun phrase	/ɪmˈplɔɪiː əˈsɪstəns ˈprəʊɡræmz/	chương trình hỗ trợ nhân viên	Progressive companies now offer Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)	provide/offer/utilize Employee Assistance Programs
systemic changes	noun phrase	/sɪˈstemɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/	thay đổi có hệ thống	Experts advocate for systemic changes that address root causes	implement/advocate for systemic changes

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
organizational productivity	noun phrase	/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənl ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/	năng suất tổ chức	Employee mental health directly impacts organizational productivity	improve/enhance/increase organizational productivity
strategic interventions	noun phrase	/strəˈtiːdʒɪk ˌɪntəˈvenʃnz/	can thiệp chiến lược	Strategic interventions targeting parental wellbeing yield substantial returns	implement/design strategic interventions
talent retention rates	noun phrase	/ˈtælənt rɪˈtenʃn reɪts/	tỷ lệ giữ chân nhân tài	Companies reporting enhanced employee engagement and improved talent retention rates	improve/increase talent retention rates
psychological safety	noun phrase	/ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈseɪfti/	an toàn tâm lý	Creating a culture of psychological safety where parents feel comfortable	create/foster/establish psychological safety
work-family conflicts	noun phrase	/wɜːk ˈfæməli ˈkɒnflɪkts/	xung đột công việc-gia đình	Senior leadership openly discussed their own work-family conflicts	experience/resolve/manage work-family conflicts
permission effect	noun phrase	/pəˈmɪʃn ɪˈfekt/	hiệu ứng cho phép	This “permission effect” proves more influential than program availability	create/demonstrate the permission effect
return on investment	noun phrase	/rɪˈtɜːn ɒn ɪnˈvestmənt/	lợi tức đầu tư	Companies providing childcare support experience a return on investment of 150%	achieve/calculate/maximize return on investment
reassurance effect	noun phrase	/ˌriːəˈʃʊərəns ɪˈfekt/	hiệu ứng trấn an	This “reassurance effect” enables better focus throughout the workday	provide/create the reassurance effect
mental health literacy	noun phrase	/ˈmentl helθ ˈlɪtərəsi/	kiến thức về sức khỏe tâm thần	Mental health literacy training for managers constitutes another critical component	improve/develop mental health literacy
mental health first aid	noun phrase	/ˈmentl helθ fɜːst eɪd/	sơ cứu sức khỏe tâm thần	Training programs that equip managers with mental health first aid competencies	provide/receive mental health first aid training
on-demand counseling	noun phrase	/ɒn dɪˈmɑːnd ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/	tư vấn theo yêu cầu	Mobile applications providing on-demand counseling and mindfulness exercises	access/offer on-demand counseling
peer support networks	noun phrase	/pɪə səˈpɔːt ˈnetwɜːks/	mạng lưới hỗ trợ đồng nghiệp	Peer support networks within organizations create invaluable opportunities	establish/join/facilitate peer support networks
parental burnout	noun phrase	/pəˈrentl ˈbɜːnaʊt/	kiệt sức của phụ huynh	Participation correlates with 30% lower rates of parental burnout	prevent/reduce/experience parental burnout
salary packaging arrangements	noun phrase	/ˈsæləri ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ əˈreɪndʒmənts/	sắp xếp gói lương	Organizations offer salary packaging arrangements that optimize tax benefits	provide/utilize salary packaging arrangements
cognitive burden	noun phrase	/ˈkɒɡnətɪv ˈbɜːdn/	gánh nặng nhận thức	Financial planning resources help reduce the cognitive burden of these concerns	reduce/alleviate/carry cognitive burden
transition-focused support	noun phrase	/trænˈzɪʃn ˈfəʊkəst səˈpɔːt/	hỗ trợ tập trung vào chuyển tiếp	Transition-focused support prevents stress escalation during vulnerable times	provide/implement transition-focused support

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Collocation
neurobiological	adjective	/ˌnjʊərəʊbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/	thuộc sinh học thần kinh	The neurobiological underpinnings of parental stress illuminate challenges	neurobiological mechanisms/processes/basis
neural pathways	noun phrase	/ˈnjʊərəl ˈpɑːθweɪz/	con đường thần kinh	Creating neural pathways that heighten sensitivity to offspring welfare	establish/strengthen neural pathways
dysregulation	noun	/dɪsˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/	rối loạn điều hòa	Making parents more vulnerable to stress-related dysregulation	emotional/physiological dysregulation
neuroplastic changes	noun phrase	/ˌnjʊərəʊˈplæstɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/	thay đổi dẻo thần kinh	The transition to parenthood triggers substantial neuroplastic changes	undergo/induce neuroplastic changes
magnetic resonance imaging	noun phrase	/mæɡˈnetɪk ˈrezənəns ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ/	chụp cộng hưởng từ	Hoekzema’s study utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated changes	use/utilize magnetic resonance imaging
default mode network	noun phrase	/dɪˈfɔːlt məʊd ˈnetwɜːk/	mạng lưới chế độ mặc định	Brain regions comprising the default mode network show volume reductions	activate/deactivate the default mode network
synaptic pruning	noun phrase	/sɪˈnæptɪk ˈpruːnɪŋ/	cắt tỉa synapse	These modifications reflect synaptic pruning and specialization	undergo/experience synaptic pruning
psychopathology	noun	/ˌsaɪkəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi/	bệnh lý tâm thần	It simultaneously renders parents more susceptible to stress-induced psychopathology	develop/prevent psychopathology
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis	noun phrase	/ˌhaɪpəθəˈlæmɪk pɪˈtjuːɪtəri əˈdriːnl ˈæksɪs/	trục dưới đồi-tuyến yên-thượng thận	The HPA axis exhibits altered reactivity in parents	activate/dysregulate the HPA axis
circadian rhythmicity	noun phrase	/sɜːˈkeɪdiən rɪðˈmɪsəti/	nhịp sinh học ngày đêm	The HPA axis demonstrates circadian rhythmicity with cortisol peaks after awakening	maintain/disrupt circadian rhythmicity
mesolimbic dopamine system	noun phrase	/ˌmezəʊˈlɪmbɪk ˈdəʊpəmiːn ˈsɪstəm/	hệ thống dopamine trung não	Neural circuitry involves the mesolimbic dopamine system governing reward	activate/modulate the mesolimbic dopamine system
amygdala	noun	/əˈmɪɡdələ/	hạch hạnh nhân	The amygdala processing threat and emotion shows altered activation	activate/regulate the amygdala
prefrontal regulatory regions	noun phrase	/ˌpriːˈfrʌntl ˈreɡjələtəri ˈriːdʒənz/	vùng điều hòa tiền trán	Prefrontal regulatory regions enable executive function and emotional modulation	strengthen/activate prefrontal regulatory regions
nucleus accumbens	noun phrase	/ˈnjuːkliəs əˈkʌmbənz/	nhân accumbens	Infant cues trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens	activate/stimulate the nucleus accumbens
allostatic load	noun phrase	/ˌæləˈstætɪk ləʊd/	gánh nặng ổn định nội môi	Allostatic load provides a framework for understanding stress accumulation	reduce/measure/increase allostatic load
pro-inflammatory cytokine	noun phrase	/prəʊ ɪnˈflæmətri ˈsaɪtəkaɪn/	cytokine tiền viêm	Elevated allostatic load manifests through pro-inflammatory cytokine elevation	release/produce pro-inflammatory cytokines
cellular immunity	noun phrase	/ˈseljələ ɪˈmjuːnəti/	miễn dịch tế bào	Accumulated stress impairs cellular immunity and metabolic regulation	strengthen/impair cellular immunity
metabolic dysregulation	noun phrase	/ˌmetəˈbɒlɪk dɪsˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/	rối loạn chuyển hóa	Chronic stress leads to metabolic dysregulation across biological systems	cause/prevent metabolic dysregulation
oxytocin	noun	/ˌɒksɪˈtəʊsɪn/	oxytocin (hormone)	Oxytocin modulates HPA axis reactivity and reduces amygdala activation	release/increase oxytocin levels
cognitive reappraisal	noun phrase	/ˈkɒɡnətɪv ˌriːəˈpreɪzl/	đánh giá lại nhận thức	Cognitive reappraisal represents a neurobiologically-grounded resilience mechanism	practice/develop cognitive reappraisal skills
prefrontal downregulation	noun phrase	/ˌpriːˈfrʌntl ˌdaʊnˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/	điều giảm tiền trán	Effective reappraisal involves prefrontal downregulation of amygdala reactivity	achieve/facilitate prefrontal downregulation
functional connectivity	noun phrase	/ˈfʌŋkʃənl ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/	kết nối chức năng	Training strengthens prefrontal-amygdala functional connectivity	enhance/measure functional connectivity
sleep deprivation	noun phrase	/sliːp ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn/	thiếu ngủ	Sleep deprivation profoundly impacts neural systems governing emotional regulation	experience/suffer from sleep deprivation
potentiate	verb	/pəˈtenʃieɪt/	làm tăng cường	Sleep restriction potentiates amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli	potentiate/amplify responses
emotional volatility	noun phrase	/ɪˈməʊʃənl ˌvɒləˈtɪləti/	sự bất ổn cảm xúc	Sleep loss creates a neurobiological state characterized by emotional volatility	experience/reduce emotional volatility
consolidation	noun	/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn/	củng cố	Sleep loss disrupts the consolidation of emotional experiences	impair/enhance memory consolidation
epigenetics	noun	/ˌepɪdʒəˈnetɪks/	di truyền biểu sinh	The emerging field of epigenetics reveals intergenerational stress transmission	study/research epigenetics
intergenerational transmission	noun phrase	/ˌɪntədʒenəˈreɪʃənl trænzˈmɪʃn/	truyền qua thế hệ	Parental stress creates potential intergenerational transmission of vulnerability	prevent/study intergenerational transmission
methylation patterns	noun phrase	/ˌmeθɪˈleɪʃn ˈpætnz/	mô hình methyl hóa	Maternal stress alters offspring development through methylation patterns	affect/alter methylation patterns
experience-dependent plasticity	noun phrase	/ɪkˈspɪəriəns dɪˈpendənt plæˈstɪsəti/	dẻo phụ thuộc kinh nghiệm	Caregiving quality shapes infant development through experience-dependent plasticity	demonstrate/utilize experience-dependent plasticity
serotonergic	adjective	/ˌserətəˈnɜːdʒɪk/	liên quan serotonin	Estrogen and progesterone modulate serotonergic neurotransmission	affect/modulate serotonergic systems
GABAergic	adjective	/ˌɡæbəˈɜːdʒɪk/	liên quan GABA	Hormones modulate GABAergic neurotransmission governing mood regulation	enhance/affect GABAergic transmission
mindfulness meditation	noun phrase	/ˈmaɪndfəlnəs ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/	thiền chánh niệm	Mindfulness meditation demonstrably alters brain structure and function	practice/teach mindfulness meditation
multi-level approach	noun phrase	/ˈmʌlti levl əˈprəʊtʃ/	tiếp cận đa cấp độ	Translating insights requires a multi-level approach across systems	adopt/implement a multi-level approach

---

Kết bài

Đề thi IELTS Reading về chủ đề “How To Support Mental Health For Working Parents” mà bạn vừa hoàn thành cung cấp một bức tranh toàn diện về một vấn đề xã hội ngày càng cấp thiết. Ba passages với độ khó tăng dần – từ góc nhìn tổng quan về thách thức cân bằng công việc-cuộc sống, đến các can thiệp tại nơi làm việc, và cuối cùng là cơ sở thần kinh sinh học của stress và khả năng phục hồi – đã giúp bạn làm quen với cấu trúc đề thi chuẩn IELTS.

Bộ 40 câu hỏi đa dạng bao gồm 7 dạng khác nhau từ Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings đến Summary Completion, giống như bạn sẽ gặp trong kỳ thi thực tế. Phần đáp án chi tiết với giải thích rõ ràng không chỉ giúp bạn kiểm tra kết quả mà còn hiểu được cách paraphrase và xác định vị trí thông tin trong bài đọc – hai kỹ năng quan trọng nhất của IELTS Reading.

Bộ từ vựng học thuật với hơn 60 từ và cụm từ được phân loại theo từng passage sẽ là tài nguyên quý giá cho việc mở rộng vốn từ của bạn, đặc biệt trong các chủ đề liên quan đến tâm lý học, y học và phát triển xã hội – những lĩnh vực thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS.

Hãy sử dụng đề thi này như một công cụ luyện tập thực chiến, tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt thời gian quy định (60 phút) để tạo áp lực thi thật. Sau khi hoàn thành, phân tích kỹ lưỡng những câu trả lời sai để hiểu rõ điểm yếu cần cải thiện. Chúc bạn đạt band điểm mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!