IELTS Reading: Tác Động Của Công Nghệ Số Đến Truyền Thông Toàn Cầu – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở Bài

Chủ đề về tác động của công nghệ số đến truyền thông toàn cầu là một trong những chủ đề xuất hiện thường xuyên nhất trong bài thi IELTS Reading hiện nay. Với sự phát triển vũ bão của internet, mạng xã hội và các nền tảng truyền thông kỹ thuật số, chủ đề này không chỉ phản ánh xu hướng của thời đại mà còn đòi hỏi người học cần có khả năng đọc hiểu về các vấn đề công nghệ, xã hội và văn hóa đương đại.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages từ dễ đến khó, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống như trong kỳ thi thật. Đề thi được thiết kế dựa trên cấu trúc chuẩn của Cambridge IELTS, với độ khó tăng dần giúp bạn làm quen với mọi dạng câu hỏi. Bên cạnh đó, bài viết còn cung cấp đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể, phân tích kỹ thuật paraphrase và từ vựng quan trọng theo từng passage.

Bộ đề này phù hợp cho học viên có trình độ từ band 5.0 trở lên, đặc biệt hữu ích cho những ai đang hướng đến band 6.5-7.5 trong phần thi Reading. Hãy dành 60 phút để hoàn thành toàn bộ bài test này trong điều kiện giống thi thật nhất có thể.

1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test bao gồm 3 passages với tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi cần hoàn thành trong vòng 60 phút. Đây là bài thi không có thời gian chuyển đáp án riêng biệt, vì vậy bạn cần quản lý thời gian cẩn thận để vừa đọc, vừa trả lời và vừa ghi đáp án vào phiếu trả lời.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó thấp, nên làm nhanh)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó trung bình)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó cao, cần nhiều thời gian suy luận)

Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được 1 điểm, không có điểm âm cho câu sai. Điểm thô sẽ được quy đổi sang band score từ 1-9. Thông thường, để đạt band 6.5, bạn cần trả lời đúng khoảng 27-29 câu; band 7.0 cần 30-32 câu; và band 7.5 cần 33-35 câu.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Bộ đề thi này bao gồm các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

• Multiple Choice: Chọn đáp án đúng từ các phương án A, B, C, D
• True/False/Not Given: Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
• Matching Information: Nối thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
• Sentence Completion: Hoàn thành câu với từ trong bài đọc
• Yes/No/Not Given: Xác định ý kiến tác giả
• Matching Headings: Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn phù hợp
• Summary Completion: Điền từ vào đoạn tóm tắt
• Short-answer Questions: Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn

2. IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Digital Revolution in Global Communication

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

The way humans communicate has undergone dramatic transformations throughout history, but perhaps none as profound as the changes brought about by digital technology in recent decades. From the invention of the telegraph to the rise of social media platforms, each technological advancement has reshaped how people connect, share information, and maintain relationships across vast distances.

The advent of the internet in the late 20th century marked a turning point in global communications. Prior to this development, international communication was limited, expensive, and time-consuming. A letter sent overseas could take weeks to arrive, while long-distance phone calls were prohibitively costly for most individuals. The internet changed this landscape fundamentally, making instant communication possible regardless of geographical boundaries. Email emerged as the first widely adopted digital communication tool, allowing messages to be delivered within seconds rather than days.

Social networking sites have revolutionized personal and professional interactions on a global scale. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn enable users to maintain connections with friends, family, and colleagues across continents. These platforms facilitate not only one-to-one communication but also mass broadcasting of information to thousands or even millions of people simultaneously. A person in Vietnam can now share a photograph or thought with friends in Australia, Europe, and the Americas instantly, something that would have been unimaginable just thirty years ago.

The business sector has been particularly transformed by digital communication technologies. Video conferencing tools like Zoom and Microsoft Teams have made it possible for companies to conduct meetings with participants from different countries without the need for expensive travel. This has led to significant cost savings and increased efficiency in multinational corporations. Moreover, cloud-based collaboration tools allow teams distributed across the globe to work on projects simultaneously, eliminating the delays that once hampered international cooperation.

Educational institutions have also embraced digital communication technologies to expand their reach. Online learning platforms enable students from developing countries to access courses from prestigious universities in developed nations. This democratization of education has been accelerated by digital tools that allow for real-time interaction between instructors and students, regardless of location. During the global pandemic of 2020-2021, these technologies proved invaluable as schools and universities worldwide shifted to remote learning almost overnight.

However, the digital transformation of global communication has not been without challenges. The digital divide remains a significant issue, with many people in rural or economically disadvantaged areas lacking access to reliable internet connections. This creates a disparity in opportunities between those who can fully participate in the digital world and those who cannot. Additionally, concerns about privacy and data security have grown as more personal information is shared online. Cybersecurity threats, including hacking and identity theft, pose risks that individuals and organizations must navigate carefully.

Despite these challenges, the overall Impact Of Digital Technology On Global Communications has been overwhelmingly positive. People can now maintain relationships across distances that would have made such connections impossible in previous eras. Businesses operate more efficiently, responding to market changes in real-time rather than waiting for information to travel through traditional channels. The flow of information has become more democratic, with individuals able to access news and perspectives from around the world rather than being limited to local sources.

Looking ahead, emerging technologies such as 5G networks and artificial intelligence promise to further transform global communications. These developments will likely make digital interactions even more seamless and immersive, potentially blurring the lines between physical and virtual presence. As these technologies continue to evolve, they will undoubtedly create new opportunities and challenges that society will need to address.

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. According to the passage, what made long-distance communication difficult before the internet?
A. It was forbidden by governments
B. It was slow and expensive
C. Technology did not exist
D. People were not interested

2. Which was the first widely used digital communication tool mentioned?
A. Social media
B. Video conferencing
C. Email
D. Mobile phones

3. How have social networking sites changed communication?
A. They made it slower
B. They only allow professional communication
C. They enable instant sharing with many people
D. They replaced all other forms of communication

4. What benefit have video conferencing tools brought to businesses?
A. They eliminated all face-to-face meetings
B. They reduced travel costs and increased efficiency
C. They made international trade illegal
D. They replaced all employees with computers

5. What happened to educational institutions during the 2020-2021 pandemic?
A. They all closed permanently
B. They stopped using technology
C. They rapidly moved to online learning
D. They refused to adapt to changes

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. Before the internet, overseas letters typically took several weeks to be delivered.

7. All countries now have equal access to digital communication technologies.

8. The digital divide affects people in rural and poor areas more severely.

9. Digital communication has completely eliminated the need for traditional mail services.

Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. The internet made communication possible without being limited by __ boundaries.

11. Cloud-based tools allow international teams to work on projects __, removing previous delays.

12. Concerns about privacy and __ have increased as people share more information online.

13. Future technologies like 5G and artificial intelligence may make the difference between physical and __ presence less clear.

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PASSAGE 2 – Social Media and the Transformation of Global Discourse

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The proliferation of social media platforms over the past two decades has fundamentally altered the landscape of global communication, creating both unprecedented opportunities for connection and significant challenges for societies worldwide. These platforms have transcended their original purpose of social networking to become powerful tools for political mobilization, cultural exchange, and economic activity, reshaping how information flows across international boundaries.

A. The democratization of information dissemination represents one of the most profound impacts of social media on global communications. Traditional media outlets once held an oligopolistic control over news distribution, acting as gatekeepers who determined which stories received public attention. Social media has disrupted this model by enabling any individual with internet access to broadcast their perspectives to a global audience. This shift has had far-reaching implications for journalism, activism, and public discourse. Citizen journalists in remote locations can now share firsthand accounts of events, often faster than traditional news organizations can deploy reporters to the scene.

B. However, this democratization comes with significant drawbacks. The absence of editorial oversight that characterizes traditional media has created an environment where misinformation and disinformation can spread rapidly. The viral nature of social media content means that false information can reach millions of users before fact-checkers can verify its accuracy. This phenomenon has had serious real-world consequences, from influencing electoral outcomes to undermining public health initiatives. The algorithmic curation of content by social media platforms, designed to maximize user engagement, often amplifies sensational or divisive material, creating echo chambers where users are primarily exposed to information that reinforces their existing beliefs.

C. The impact of social media on cross-cultural communication presents a complex picture. On one hand, these platforms have facilitated unprecedented levels of cultural exchange, allowing individuals to engage directly with people from vastly different backgrounds. Language barriers have been partially mitigated by translation features integrated into many platforms, enabling conversations that would have been impossible a generation ago. This has contributed to greater cultural awareness and empathy, as users gain exposure to diverse perspectives and ways of life. Tương tự như Social media’s impact on global environmental movements khi các phong trào môi trường toàn cầu sử dụng mạng xã hội để lan tỏa thông điệp, the platform’s ability to connect like-minded individuals across borders has proven instrumental in coordinating international initiatives.

D. Conversely, social media has also been implicated in exacerbating cultural tensions and polarization. The anonymity and physical distance afforded by digital communication can lead to more aggressive and confrontational interactions than would occur in face-to-face settings. Cyberbullying, hate speech, and harassment have become pervasive issues on many platforms. Cultural misunderstandings can be amplified when context is lost in translation or when users lack the cultural competency to interpret communications appropriately. These factors have occasionally led to diplomatic incidents and strained international relations.

E. The commercial dimension of social media’s impact on global communications cannot be overlooked. These platforms have created new paradigms for international business, particularly in the realm of digital marketing and e-commerce. Small businesses in developing countries can now reach customers worldwide without the need for costly international advertising campaigns. Influencer marketing has emerged as a powerful force, with individuals who have cultivated large followings able to shape consumer preferences across multiple countries. This has democratized access to global markets but has also raised concerns about consumer manipulation and the homogenization of global culture.

F. The role of social media in political movements and activism has been particularly noteworthy. From the Arab Spring to climate change protests, these platforms have enabled rapid mobilization of supporters and coordination of actions across international boundaries. Activists can now circumvent traditional media to communicate directly with global audiences, building solidarity and applying international pressure on governments and corporations. However, authoritarian regimes have also learned to use these tools for surveillance and control, creating a constant technological arms race between those seeking freedom of expression and those attempting to suppress it.

G. Looking forward, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into social media platforms promises to further transform global communications. These technologies could enhance personalization and relevance of content, potentially improving the quality of cross-cultural interactions. However, they also raise concerns about algorithmic bias, privacy violations, and the potential for even more sophisticated manipulation of public opinion. As social media continues to evolve, societies must grapple with questions of regulation, digital literacy, and the ethical responsibilities of platform operators in shaping global discourse.

Questions 14-19: Matching Headings

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.

List of Headings:
i. The economic opportunities created by social platforms
ii. Negative aspects of unrestricted information sharing
iii. How social media enables political organization
iv. The end of traditional media control over information
v. Mixed effects on understanding between cultures
vi. Future developments in social media technology
vii. Problems arising from anonymity in online interactions
viii. The role of social media in education

14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F

Questions 20-23: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

20. Social media platforms were originally designed primarily for political purposes.

21. The spread of false information on social media has had real consequences in the physical world.

22. All authoritarian governments have successfully banned social media completely.

23. Artificial intelligence will definitely improve the quality of global communications.

Questions 24-26: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Social media has changed how information spreads globally by removing the (24) __ that traditional media once exercised over news. While this allows ordinary people to share information instantly, it also means that (25) __ and false information can spread quickly. The platforms use (26) __ to select content for users, which often promotes controversial material to increase engagement.

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PASSAGE 3 – The Sociolinguistic Implications of Digital Communication Technologies

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The advent of digital communication technologies has precipitated a paradigmatic shift in sociolinguistic practices, fundamentally altering not merely the modalities through which humans interact but also the very nature of language itself. This transformation encompasses changes in linguistic structures, communicative norms, and the power dynamics inherent in global discourse, raising profound questions about the future trajectory of human communication and cultural identity in an increasingly interconnected world.

Linguistic scholars have observed that digital communication platforms have given rise to novel hybrid forms of language that blur traditional boundaries between written and spoken registers. The constraints imposed by character limits on platforms such as Twitter, combined with the synchronous nature of much digital interaction, have fostered the development of abbreviated lexicons, neologisms, and unconventional orthographic practices. These innovations represent not merely aesthetic choices but functional adaptations to the unique affordances and limitations of digital media. The ubiquity of emojis and animated GIFs as paralinguistic cues has created a form of visual rhetoric that transcends linguistic barriers, enabling nuanced emotional expression in contexts where verbal language alone might prove inadequate or ambiguous.

The implications of these linguistic innovations extend beyond mere stylistic variation. Research in computer-mediated communication suggests that the abbreviated and informal nature of much digital discourse is not indicative of linguistic degradation, as some prescriptive grammarians have argued, but rather represents a sophisticated adaptation to new communicative contexts. Users demonstrate remarkable linguistic agility in code-switching between formal and informal registers depending on platform, audience, and purpose. A professional might employ meticulously crafted prose in a LinkedIn article while using vernacular abbreviations in a WhatsApp group chat, demonstrating not linguistic incompetence but rather pragmatic competence in navigating multiple discourse communities.

However, the hegemonic position of English in digital communications raises critical questions about linguistic diversity and cultural imperialism. Despite efforts to promote multilingualism in digital spaces, English maintains a disproportionate presence across major platforms, conferring significant advantages upon native speakers and those with advanced proficiency. This linguistic asymmetry is compounded by the algorithmic architecture of social media platforms, which often privileges content in dominant languages through recommendation systems and trending algorithms. The result is a self-reinforcing cycle wherein content in minoritized languages receives less visibility, incentivizing users to default to English to maximize their potential audience. Để hiểu rõ hơn về How does AI affect consumer privacy in the digital age? trong bối cảnh này, việc phân tích cách thuật toán xử lý và ưu tiên ngôn ngữ cũng đặt ra câu hỏi về quyền riêng tư và sự đa dạng văn hóa trong thời đại số.

The phenomenon of digital multilingualism presents a more nuanced picture than simple linguistic dominance. Many users engage in translanguaging practices, fluidly alternating between multiple languages within single interactions. This linguistic fluidity challenges traditional notions of discrete language systems and suggests that digital communication may be fostering new forms of hybrid linguistic identities. Diasporic communities particularly leverage these affordances to maintain connections with heritage languages while simultaneously participating in broader cosmopolitan discourse. The ease of switching between scripts and the availability of translation tools have made multilingual communication more feasible than ever before, though questions remain about the depth of intercultural understanding achieved through machine-mediated translation.

The democratizing potential of digital communication technologies must be weighed against the emergence of new forms of communicative inequality. While these technologies have ostensibly lowered barriers to global participation, meaningful engagement requires not merely technical access but also digital literacy, cultural capital, and linguistic resources. The concept of the digital divide has evolved from a simple binary of access versus non-access to a more complex understanding of differential capacities for effective communication. Those who possess advanced literacy skills, technological proficiency, and multilingual capabilities are positioned to exert far greater influence in digital spaces than those lacking these resources, potentially reproducing or even amplifying existing social inequalities.

The reconfiguration of public and private spheres through digital communication has profound implications for social relations and cultural norms. The collapse of context that occurs when diverse audiences converge on social media platforms creates communicative challenges previously unknown. A post intended for intimate friends might be viewed by professional colleagues or complete strangers, necessitating careful navigation of multiple and sometimes contradictory social expectations. This phenomenon, termed “context collapse” by social media theorists, has implications for identity performance, self-presentation, and the boundaries of appropriate disclosure. Similar challenges arise when examining What are the effects of digital surveillance on civil liberties? as the blurring of public and private communication creates unprecedented opportunities for monitoring and data collection.

Furthermore, the permanence and searchability of digital communications have transformed the temporal dynamics of social interaction. Unlike ephemeral spoken conversations or letters that might be discarded, digital communications often persist indefinitely in searchable databases, creating permanent records of momentary thoughts and casual exchanges. This archival nature of digital discourse has implications for reputation management, historical scholarship, and the very notion of the right to be forgotten. The capacity for past communications to be resurfaced and recontextualized in ways unintended by their original authors creates new vulnerabilities and necessitates evolving ethical frameworks for digital interaction.

The integration of artificial intelligence into communication platforms represents the latest frontier in this ongoing transformation. Algorithmic content moderation, automated translation, and AI-generated responses are increasingly mediating human interactions in ways that are often invisible to users. These technologies encode particular assumptions about appropriate communication, linguistic norms, and cultural values that may not be universally shared. The opacity of these systems raises concerns about accountability and the potential for systematic biases to shape global discourse in undemocratic ways. As we observe in The role of blockchain in streamlining global supply chains, transparency and accountability in technological systems become crucial when they mediate important aspects of human activity, including communication.

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

27. According to the passage, digital communication has created hybrid language forms because:
A. People deliberately want to create confusion
B. The medium’s constraints and nature demand adaptation
C. Traditional language is no longer relevant
D. Educational standards have declined globally

28. The passage suggests that abbreviated digital language indicates:
A. A decline in literacy standards
B. Lack of respect for proper grammar
C. Sophisticated adaptation to new contexts
D. Inability to communicate properly

29. What does the passage say about English dominance in digital spaces?
A. It is actively opposed by all non-English speakers
B. It creates advantages for English speakers and is reinforced by algorithms
C. It will soon be replaced by Chinese
D. It has no impact on cultural diversity

30. According to the passage, what is “context collapse”?
A. The failure of internet infrastructure
B. When technical systems stop working
C. When diverse audiences see content meant for specific groups
D. The decline of social media platforms

31. The passage suggests that AI mediation of communication is concerning because:
A. It is completely visible to all users
B. It always produces perfect translations
C. It encodes assumptions that may not be universally shared
D. It has been democratically approved by all societies

Questions 32-36: Matching Features

Match the following concepts (32-36) with the correct descriptions (A-H).

32. Translanguaging
33. Digital divide
34. Context collapse
35. Linguistic asymmetry
36. Paralinguistic cues

A. Visual elements like emojis that convey emotional meaning
B. Unequal presence and advantages of different languages
C. Switching between multiple languages in single interactions
D. The permanence of digital records
E. Different levels of ability to communicate effectively online
F. When content reaches unintended audiences
G. Automated content creation
H. Government censorship of communications

Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

37. What type of identity do digital communication practices potentially create through fluid language use?

38. What type of tools have made multilingual communication more possible?

39. What characteristic of digital communications creates permanent records of casual conversations?

40. What aspect of AI systems makes it difficult to ensure they are fair and democratic?

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3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. NOT GIVEN
10. geographical
11. simultaneously
12. data security
13. virtual

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. iv
15. ii
16. v
17. vii
18. i
19. iii
20. NO
21. YES
22. NOT GIVEN
23. NOT GIVEN
24. gatekeepers (hoặc oligopolistic control)
25. misinformation
26. algorithmic curation (hoặc algorithms)

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. B
28. C
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. C
33. E
34. F
35. B
36. A
37. hybrid linguistic identities
38. translation tools
39. searchability (hoặc permanence/archival nature)
40. opacity

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4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: long-distance communication, difficult, before internet
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “international communication was limited, expensive, and time-consuming” và “long-distance phone calls were prohibitively costly”. Đây là paraphrase của “slow and expensive” trong đáp án B.

Câu 2: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: first widely used, digital communication tool
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: Câu “Email emerged as the first widely adopted digital communication tool” trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi này.

Câu 3: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: social networking sites, changed communication
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn mô tả “enable users to maintain connections” và “mass broadcasting of information to thousands or millions of people simultaneously” – tương đương với “instant sharing with many people”.

Câu 6: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: overseas letters, several weeks
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “A letter sent overseas could take weeks to arrive”, khớp hoàn toàn với thông tin trong câu hỏi.

Câu 7: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all countries, equal access
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài văn nói rõ “The digital divide remains a significant issue” và “many people in rural or economically disadvantaged areas lacking access”, mâu thuẫn với “equal access”.

Câu 10: geographical

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: communication possible without, boundaries
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: Câu gốc “making instant communication possible regardless of geographical boundaries” cung cấp từ cần điền.

Câu 12: data security

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: concerns, privacy
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Bài đọc liệt kê “concerns about privacy and data security have grown”, cung cấp cụm từ chính xác.

Bài đọc IELTS Reading về cuộc sống truyền thông trước thời đại internet với thư từ và điện thoại cố định

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: iv (The end of traditional media control over information)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí: Paragraph A
• Giải thích: Đoạn A tập trung vào việc “democratization of information dissemination” và “Traditional media outlets once held an oligopolistic control” nhưng social media đã “disrupted this model”, cho phép mọi người broadcast quan điểm của họ.

Câu 15: ii (Negative aspects of unrestricted information sharing)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí: Paragraph B
• Giải thích: Đoạn B thảo luận về “drawbacks”, “misinformation and disinformation can spread rapidly” và các hậu quả nghiêm trọng của việc thiếu “editorial oversight”.

Câu 16: v (Mixed effects on understanding between cultures)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí: Paragraph C
• Giải thích: Đoạn C trình bày “a complex picture” với cả mặt tích cực (cultural exchange, awareness) và tiêu cực (cultural tensions) của social media đối với cross-cultural communication.

Câu 20: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: originally designed, political purposes
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói platforms “transcended their original purpose of social networking”, ngụ ý mục đích ban đầu là social networking chứ không phải political purposes. Đây là ý kiến trái ngược với câu hỏi.

Câu 21: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: false information, real consequences
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn B, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Tác giả viết rõ “This phenomenon has had serious real-world consequences”, thể hiện quan điểm đồng ý với câu hỏi.

Câu 24: gatekeepers

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: traditional media, control over news
• Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph A
• Giải thích: Câu “acting as gatekeepers who determined which stories received public attention” cung cấp từ chính xác cho ngữ cảnh này.

Câu 26: algorithmic curation

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: platforms use, select content
• Vị trí trong bài: Paragraph B
• Giải thích: Bài đọc đề cập “The algorithmic curation of content by social media platforms” là cơ chế chọn lọc nội dung.

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: hybrid language forms, digital communication
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn giải thích rằng “The constraints imposed by character limits… combined with the synchronous nature” đã “fostered the development” của các hình thức ngôn ngữ mới. Đây là functional adaptations (sự thích nghi chức năng), tương đương với đáp án B “the medium’s constraints and nature demand adaptation”.

Câu 28: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: abbreviated digital language
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “not indicative of linguistic degradation… but rather represents a sophisticated adaptation to new communicative contexts”, trực tiếp ủng hộ đáp án C.

Câu 29: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: English dominance, digital spaces
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, toàn bộ
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn mô tả “conferring significant advantages upon native speakers” và “algorithmic architecture… often privileges content in dominant languages”, khớp với đáp án B về advantages và algorithmic reinforcement.

Câu 30: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: context collapse
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Định nghĩa được đưa ra rõ ràng: “The collapse of context that occurs when diverse audiences converge on social media platforms” và “A post intended for intimate friends might be viewed by professional colleagues or complete strangers”, tương đương với đáp án C.

Câu 32: C (Translanguaging – Switching between multiple languages in single interactions)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2
• Giải thích: Bài đọc định nghĩa translanguaging là “fluidly alternating between multiple languages within single interactions”.

Câu 33: E (Digital divide – Different levels of ability to communicate effectively online)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, toàn bộ
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn giải thích digital divide không chỉ là vấn đề access mà là “differential capacities for effective communication”, khớp với đáp án E.

Câu 37: hybrid linguistic identities

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: identity, fluid language use
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Câu “digital communication may be fostering new forms of hybrid linguistic identities” trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi với exact words.

Câu 40: opacity

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: AI systems, difficult, fair, democratic
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng cuối
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “The opacity of these systems raises concerns about accountability”, trong đó “opacity” (tính mờ đục, không minh bạch) là đặc điểm khiến khó đảm bảo tính dân chủ và công bằng.

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5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
profound	adj	/prəˈfaʊnd/	sâu sắc, to lớn	changes as profound as…	profound impact/effect
advent	n	/ˈædvent/	sự ra đời, sự xuất hiện	the advent of the internet	the advent of technology
prohibitively	adv	/prəˈhɪbətɪvli/	một cách cấm đoán, quá đắt	prohibitively costly	prohibitively expensive
facilitate	v	/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/	tạo điều kiện, hỗ trợ	platforms facilitate communication	facilitate the process
democratization	n	/dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự dân chủ hóa	democratization of education	democratization of information
embrace	v	/ɪmˈbreɪs/	đón nhận, áp dụng	institutions have embraced technologies	embrace change/innovation
digital divide	n phrase	/ˈdɪdʒɪtl dɪˈvaɪd/	khoảng cách số	the digital divide remains	bridge the digital divide
disparity	n	/dɪˈspærəti/	sự chênh lệch	creates a disparity	income/wealth disparity
cybersecurity	n	/ˈsaɪbəsɪˌkjʊərəti/	an ninh mạng	cybersecurity threats	cybersecurity measures/risks
seamless	adj	/ˈsiːmləs/	liền mạch, mượt mà	more seamless interactions	seamless integration
immersive	adj	/ɪˈmɜːsɪv/	nhập vai, đắm chìm	immersive experiences	immersive technology/environment
navigate	v	/ˈnævɪɡeɪt/	điều hướng, vượt qua	navigate carefully	navigate challenges/risks

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
proliferation	n	/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/	sự gia tăng nhanh	proliferation of platforms	nuclear proliferation
transcend	v	/trænˈsend/	vượt qua, siêu việt	transcended their original purpose	transcend boundaries/limitations
oligopolistic	adj	/ˌɒlɪɡəpəˈlɪstɪk/	thuộc độc quyền nhóm	oligopolistic control	oligopolistic market/structure
gatekeeper	n	/ˈɡeɪtkiːpə(r)/	người kiểm soát	acting as gatekeepers	media gatekeepers
misinformation	n	/ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/	thông tin sai lệch	misinformation can spread	spread misinformation
disinformation	n	/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/	thông tin giả mạo có chủ đích	misinformation and disinformation	combat disinformation
algorithmic curation	n phrase	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk kjʊəˈreɪʃn/	sự tuyển chọn bằng thuật toán	algorithmic curation of content	algorithmic filtering/selection
echo chamber	n phrase	/ˈekəʊ ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)/	buồng vang, môi trường kín	creating echo chambers	social media echo chamber
exacerbate	v	/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/	làm trầm trọng thêm	exacerbating cultural tensions	exacerbate the problem/situation
pervasive	adj	/pəˈveɪsɪv/	lan tràn, phổ biến	pervasive issues	pervasive influence/problem
circumvent	v	/ˌsɜːkəmˈvent/	phá vỡ, vượt qua	circumvent traditional media	circumvent restrictions/rules
mobilization	n	/ˌməʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự huy động	rapid mobilization of supporters	mass mobilization
solidarity	n	/ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/	sự đoàn kết	building solidarity	show/express solidarity
surveillance	n	/sɜːˈveɪləns/	sự giám sát	use tools for surveillance	under surveillance
homogenization	n	/həˌmɒdʒənaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự đồng nhất hóa	homogenization of global culture	cultural homogenization

Mạng xã hội tác động đến truyền thông toàn cầu với kết nối đa nền tảng và lan truyền thông tin

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
paradigmatic shift	n phrase	/ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/	sự thay đổi mô thức	precipitated a paradigmatic shift	paradigm shift
sociolinguistic	adj	/ˌsəʊsiəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/	thuộc xã hội ngôn ngữ học	sociolinguistic practices	sociolinguistic variation/analysis
modality	n	/məʊˈdæləti/	phương thức	modalities through which humans interact	different modalities
hybrid form	n phrase	/ˈhaɪbrɪd fɔːm/	hình thức lai tạp	novel hybrid forms of language	hybrid approach/system
neologism	n	/niˈɒlədʒɪzəm/	từ mới	development of neologisms	coin a neologism
orthographic	adj	/ˌɔːθəˈɡræfɪk/	thuộc chính tả	unconventional orthographic practices	orthographic system/convention
paralinguistic	adj	/ˌpærəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/	thuộc cận ngôn ngữ	paralinguistic cues	paralinguistic features/signals
transcend	v	/trænˈsend/	vượt qua	transcends linguistic barriers	transcend boundaries
prescriptive grammarian	n phrase	/prɪˈskrɪptɪv ɡrəˈmeəriən/	nhà ngữ pháp quy phạm	as prescriptive grammarians have argued	prescriptive approach/rules
code-switching	n	/kəʊd ˈswɪtʃɪŋ/	chuyển mã ngôn ngữ	linguistic agility in code-switching	code-switching behavior
hegemonic	adj	/ˌheɡəˈmɒnɪk/	có tính bá quyền	the hegemonic position of English	hegemonic power/discourse
linguistic asymmetry	n phrase	/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk əˈsɪmətri/	sự bất đối xứng ngôn ngữ	This linguistic asymmetry is compounded	asymmetry in power/resources
translanguaging	n	/trænzˈlæŋɡwɪdʒɪŋ/	chuyển ngôn ngữ linh hoạt	engage in translanguaging practices	translanguaging strategies
diasporic	adj	/daɪˈæspərɪk/	thuộc cộng đồng di cư	Diasporic communities leverage	diasporic experience/identity
cosmopolitan	adj	/ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/	thuộc tính toàn cầu	participating in cosmopolitan discourse	cosmopolitan culture/outlook
context collapse	n phrase	/ˈkɒntekst kəˈlæps/	sự sụp đổ ngữ cảnh	termed “context collapse”	experience context collapse
ephemeral	adj	/ɪˈfemərəl/	phù du, tạm thời	Unlike ephemeral spoken conversations	ephemeral nature/content
opacity	n	/əʊˈpæsəti/	tính mờ đục, không minh bạch	The opacity of these systems	opacity of algorithms/processes

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Kết Bài

Chủ đề về tác động của công nghệ số đến truyền thông toàn cầu không chỉ là một trong những chủ đề thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading mà còn phản ánh những thay đổi căn bản trong cách chúng ta giao tiếp và tương tác. Qua bộ đề thi mẫu này với 3 passages từ dễ đến khó, bạn đã có cơ hội làm quen với nhiều khía cạnh khác nhau của vấn đề – từ những lợi ích cơ bản của công nghệ số, vai trò của mạng xã hội, đến những phân tích sâu sắc về mặt ngôn ngữ học.

Ba passages đã cung cấp đầy đủ phổ độ khó mà bạn sẽ gặp trong kỳ thi thật. Passage 1 giúp bạn làm quen với thông tin dễ tìm và câu hỏi trực tiếp. Passage 2 yêu cầu khả năng hiểu sâu hơn và nhận biết paraphrase phức tạp. Passage 3 thử thách bạn với nội dung học thuật cao và yêu cầu suy luận tinh tế. Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích đã chỉ ra chính xác vị trí thông tin và cách các câu hỏi được paraphrase từ bài đọc, giúp bạn tự đánh giá và học hỏi từ những sai lầm.

Phần từ vựng được tổ chức theo từng passage không chỉ giúp bạn mở rộng vốn từ mà còn cho thấy cách các từ được sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh học thuật. Hãy chú ý đến các collocations và cụm từ đi kèm – đây là yếu tố quan trọng giúp bạn không chỉ đọc hiểu tốt hơn mà còn sử dụng tiếng Anh tự nhiên và chính xác hơn.

Để đạt kết quả tốt nhất, hãy thực hành đề thi này trong điều kiện như thi thật – đặt thời gian 60 phút, không tra từ điển, và không xem đáp án cho đến khi hoàn thành. Sau đó, dành thời gian để xem lại những câu sai, phân tích lý do và rút ra bài học. Điều quan trọng nhất là hiểu rõ logic đằng sau mỗi câu trả lời, không chỉ thuộc đáp án. Chúc các bạn ôn luyện hiệu quả và đạt band điểm như mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!