IELTS Reading: Ảnh hưởng của mạng xã hội đến sáng kiến bền vững doanh nghiệp – Đề thi mẫu có đáp án chi tiết

Mở bài

Chủ đề về ảnh hưởng của mạng xã hội đến sáng kiến bền vững doanh nghiệp đã trở thành một trong những chủ đề xuất hiện thường xuyên trong IELTS Reading những năm gần đây. Với sự phát triển vũ bão của các nền tảng truyền thông xã hội và nhận thức ngày càng cao về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp, chủ đề này phản ánh xu hướng kinh doanh hiện đại và mối quan tâm toàn cầu về phát triển bền vững.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được làm quen với một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần, từ Easy đến Hard. Đề thi bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng các dạng thức như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác – đúng như những gì bạn sẽ gặp trong kỳ thi thật. Mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin, cách paraphrase và kỹ thuật làm bài. Bên cạnh đó, bạn sẽ được trang bị một bộ từ vựng quan trọng theo từng passage, giúp nâng cao vốn từ học thuật của mình.

Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên có trình độ từ band 5.0 trở lên, đặc biệt hữu ích cho những ai đang nhắm đến band điểm từ 6.5-8.0.

1. Hướng dẫn làm bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test là một phần thi quan trọng, đòi hỏi bạn hoàn thành 40 câu hỏi trong vòng 60 phút. Đề thi gồm 3 passages với độ dài và độ khó tăng dần. Điều quan trọng là bạn phải tự phân bổ thời gian hợp lý giữa các passages.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút – Đây là passage dễ nhất, giúp bạn khởi động tốt
• Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút – Độ khó tăng lên, cần đọc kỹ hơn
• Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút – Passage khó nhất, dành nhiều thời gian nhất
• Thời gian chuyển đáp án: 2-3 phút cuối

Lưu ý rằng không có thời gian bổ sung để chuyển đáp án như phần Listening, vì vậy bạn nên ghi đáp án trực tiếp vào answer sheet trong khi làm bài.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm đầy đủ các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
3. Matching Information – Nối thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
4. Matching Headings – Chọn tiêu đề phù hợp cho các đoạn văn
5. Summary Completion – Điền từ vào tóm tắt
6. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu
7. Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn

2. IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Social Media in Corporate Communication

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

In the past decade, social media platforms have fundamentally transformed the way corporations communicate with their stakeholders. What began as simple networking sites for personal connections has evolved into powerful tools for business engagement, brand building, and increasingly, for promoting corporate sustainability initiatives. Companies ranging from small startups to multinational corporations now recognise that their online presence can significantly influence public perception of their environmental and social responsibility efforts.

Traditional corporate communication methods, such as annual sustainability reports and press releases, often struggled to reach and engage younger demographics. These conventional approaches were typically one-directional, offering little opportunity for dialogue or immediate feedback. However, social media has introduced a dynamic, interactive dimension to corporate messaging. Platforms like Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Facebook allow companies to share real-time updates about their sustainability projects, environmental achievements, and social impact programs directly with millions of users worldwide.

The transparency demanded by social media has become both a challenge and an opportunity for businesses. Consumers today, particularly millennials and Generation Z, expect companies to be authentic and accountable in their sustainability claims. They can quickly identify and call out “greenwashing” – the practice of making misleading claims about environmental benefits. This has forced corporations to ensure their sustainability initiatives are genuine and measurable, as any discrepancy between claims and actions can be exposed and amplified within hours across social networks.

Mạng xã hội thay đổi cách thức truyền thông doanh nghiệp về phát triển bền vững và trách nhiệm xã hội

Several pioneering companies have successfully leveraged social media to enhance their sustainability credentials. Patagonia, the outdoor clothing company, has built a devoted following by consistently sharing content about environmental activism and sustainable manufacturing practices. Their social media campaigns don’t just promote products; they educate consumers about environmental issues and encourage responsible consumption. This approach has strengthened customer loyalty and positioned the brand as a leader in corporate sustainability.

The metrics provided by social media platforms offer another significant advantage. Companies can track engagement levels, sentiment analysis, and reach of their sustainability messages with unprecedented precision. This data allows them to understand which initiatives resonate most with their audience and adjust their communication strategies accordingly. For instance, a company might discover that posts about renewable energy investments generate more engagement than those about waste reduction programs, enabling them to refine their messaging to maximise impact.

However, the relationship between social media and corporate sustainability is not without complications. The speed and viral nature of social media means that negative news can spread rapidly. A single incident of environmental misconduct or a perceived failure in sustainability commitments can trigger a social media backlash, potentially damaging a company’s reputation that took years to build. This reality has made many corporations more cautious and thorough in their sustainability planning, knowing that their actions are under constant public scrutiny.

Employee advocacy has emerged as another important aspect of social media’s role in promoting sustainability initiatives. When employees share and endorse their company’s sustainability efforts on their personal social media accounts, it adds a layer of credibility and authenticity that official corporate accounts cannot achieve alone. Forward-thinking companies are now developing employee advocacy programs, providing staff with shareable content about sustainability projects and encouraging them to become brand ambassadors for their environmental and social commitments.

The educational potential of social media in the context of corporate sustainability cannot be overlooked. Companies use these platforms not only to showcase their own achievements but also to raise awareness about broader sustainability issues. Through infographics, videos, and interactive content, they can explain complex topics like carbon footprints, circular economy principles, and supply chain sustainability in accessible ways. This educational role helps create a more informed consumer base that values and demands sustainable business practices.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 1?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Social media platforms were originally designed specifically for business communication purposes.
2. Traditional corporate communication methods provided limited opportunities for two-way conversation.
3. Millennials and Generation Z are more likely to question corporate sustainability claims than older generations.
4. Patagonia sells more products than its competitors due to its social media presence.
5. Social media analytics help companies understand which sustainability messages are most effective.
6. All companies have established employee advocacy programs for sustainability initiatives.

Questions 7-10

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

7. The practice of making false or exaggerated environmental claims is called __.
8. Social media has introduced a __ dimension to corporate messaging that was absent in traditional methods.
9. Companies can now monitor their sustainability messages with __ through social media metrics.
10. When employees share company sustainability content on personal accounts, it increases __ of the message.

Questions 11-13

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

11. According to the passage, what is the main challenge social media presents for corporate sustainability?

    • A) The cost of maintaining multiple social media accounts
    • B) The difficulty in creating engaging content
    • C) The speed at which negative information can spread
    • D) The complexity of different social media platforms

12. What does the passage suggest about Patagonia’s social media strategy?

    • A) It focuses solely on selling products
    • B) It combines product promotion with environmental education
    • C) It is less successful than traditional advertising
    • D) It targets only young consumers

13. The passage indicates that social media has made companies:

    • A) Less concerned about sustainability
    • B) More careful in their sustainability planning
    • C) Unable to communicate effectively
    • D) Dependent on expensive marketing agencies

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PASSAGE 2 – Measuring Impact: Social Media’s Role in Sustainability Accountability

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The integration of social media into corporate sustainability strategies has fundamentally altered the landscape of corporate accountability. While the previous generation of sustainability reporting relied on periodic disclosures through formal channels, today’s digital ecosystem demands continuous, real-time engagement. This shift has created both opportunities and challenges for organisations seeking to demonstrate their commitment to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. The question that increasingly occupies corporate strategists is not whether to use social media for sustainability communication, but how to do so effectively while maintaining credibility and measurable impact.

Academic researchers have begun to scrutinise the relationship between social media engagement and actual sustainability performance. A seminal study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2021 analysed over 5,000 companies across 30 countries, examining the correlation between social media sustainability communications and verified ESG ratings. The findings revealed a complex picture: companies with robust social media presence focused on sustainability did indeed show higher engagement metrics, but this did not automatically translate into superior environmental performance. The study identified what researchers termed the “engagement-performance gap” – the discrepancy between the visibility of sustainability initiatives on social media and their tangible outcomes.

This gap has prompted sustainability professionals to develop more sophisticated metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of social media campaigns. Traditional measures such as likes, shares, and comments, while useful for gauging audience interest, provide limited insight into whether these communications drive behavioural change or influence corporate decision-making. Progressive organisations are now implementing multi-dimensional frameworks that track not only engagement metrics but also downstream effects such as changes in consumer behaviour, investor interest in sustainable funds, and employee participation in sustainability programs.

The phenomenon of “stakeholder activism” has been significantly amplified by social media platforms. Environmental groups, consumer advocates, and activist investors now possess unprecedented ability to mobilise support, coordinate campaigns, and hold corporations accountable for their sustainability commitments. The 2019 Amazon rainforest fires exemplified this dynamic when social media campaigns targeting companies linked to deforestation resulted in rapid policy reversals and new sustainability pledges. Within weeks, major brands faced such intense social media pressure that they implemented stricter supply chain monitoring and suspended contracts with suppliers implicated in environmental destruction.

Đo lường tác động của chiến dịch truyền thông mạng xã hội về tính bền vững doanh nghiệp

However, the democratisation of corporate accountability through social media has introduced new complexities. The viral nature of social media content means that incomplete information or misinterpretations can spread as rapidly as factual reports. Several corporations have found themselves managing reputational crises triggered by social media controversies that were based on partial truths or misunderstandings of their sustainability initiatives. This has led to growing recognition that effective social media sustainability communication requires not just proactive messaging but also sophisticated monitoring systems and rapid response capabilities.

The role of influencers and thought leaders in shaping sustainability discourse on social media represents another significant development. Unlike traditional celebrity endorsements, sustainability influencers often possess genuine expertise in environmental or social issues and have built communities of followers who trust their assessments. When these influencers critique or commend corporate sustainability efforts, their opinions can carry substantial weight. Some companies have begun partnering with credible sustainability influencers to provide independent verification of their initiatives, though this practice raises questions about potential conflicts of interest and the authenticity of such collaborations.

Regulatory bodies and industry associations have started to recognise the need for standardised approaches to sustainability communication on social media. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) have issued guidelines addressing social media disclosures, though these remain largely voluntary. Some jurisdictions are considering more stringent regulations to prevent misleading sustainability claims on social media, similar to existing rules governing financial disclosures and advertising. The European Union’s proposed directive on corporate sustainability reporting, for instance, includes provisions that would apply to digital communications, potentially establishing legal liability for unsubstantiated sustainability claims made on social media platforms.

The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into social media monitoring has created new possibilities for assessing sustainability communication effectiveness. Advanced algorithms can now analyse sentiment trends, identify emerging concerns, and even predict potential reputational risks related to sustainability issues. Some corporations employ AI-powered tools that scan social media conversations to detect early warning signs of stakeholder discontent or identify opportunities to address sustainability concerns before they escalate into crises. These technological capabilities are transforming social media from merely a communication channel into a strategic intelligence resource for sustainability management.

Questions 14-18

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

14. The MIT study mentioned in the passage found that:

    • A) Social media presence always leads to better environmental performance
    • B) There is often a gap between social media engagement and actual sustainability results
    • C) Companies should avoid using social media for sustainability communication
    • D) ESG ratings are determined primarily by social media activity

15. According to the passage, progressive organisations are now:

    • A) Focusing only on traditional engagement metrics like likes and shares
    • B) Abandoning social media for sustainability communication
    • C) Using comprehensive frameworks that measure multiple aspects of impact
    • D) Relying exclusively on consumer behaviour changes

16. The Amazon rainforest fires example demonstrates:

    • A) The ineffectiveness of social media activism
    • B) How social media pressure can lead to rapid corporate policy changes
    • C) That environmental issues should not be discussed on social media
    • D) The lack of public interest in environmental matters

17. What challenge do corporations face regarding social media and sustainability?

    • A) Social media platforms are too expensive to use
    • B) Incomplete or misleading information can spread quickly
    • C) Employees refuse to engage with sustainability content
    • D) Consumers are not interested in sustainability issues

18. The passage suggests that AI and machine learning in social media monitoring:

    • A) Replace the need for human oversight
    • B) Are too expensive for most companies
    • C) Help predict and prevent sustainability-related reputational risks
    • D) Have no practical application in sustainability communication

Questions 19-23

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Social media has transformed corporate sustainability communication from periodic formal reports to continuous 19. __. However, research has identified an 20. __ between high social media engagement and actual environmental performance. This has led organisations to develop more sophisticated measurement systems. The rise of 21. __ has been amplified by social media, giving environmental groups unprecedented power to hold companies accountable. Meanwhile, 22. __ who possess genuine expertise play an increasingly important role in shaping sustainability discussions. Regulatory bodies are now developing 23. __ for sustainability communication on social media platforms.

Questions 24-26

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 2?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

24. Traditional engagement metrics provide sufficient information to evaluate sustainability communication effectiveness.
25. Partnerships between companies and sustainability influencers always enhance credibility.
26. The European Union is considering regulations that would apply to digital sustainability communications.

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PASSAGE 3 – The Paradox of Digital Sustainability: Examining the Socio-Technical Implications

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The ascendancy of social media as a primary vehicle for corporate sustainability discourse presents a profound paradox that merits rigorous examination. While these digital platforms ostensibly facilitate greater transparency, stakeholder engagement, and accountability, they simultaneously embody and perpetuate significant sustainability challenges of their own. The energy consumption of data centres supporting social media infrastructure, the electronic waste generated by constant device upgrades, and the psychological impacts of digital culture constitute what scholars term the “hidden footprint” of online sustainability communication. This fundamental contradiction – promoting environmental stewardship through inherently resource-intensive digital means – raises critical questions about the authenticity and efficacy of social media-driven sustainability initiatives.

Contemporary theoretical frameworks attempting to reconcile this paradox draw upon multiple disciplinary perspectives. Sociological analyses emphasise the performative aspects of digital sustainability communication, arguing that social media has transformed corporate environmentalism into a form of “sustainability theatre” where symbolic gestures and carefully curated narratives often supersede substantive action. The work of environmental sociologist Dr. Helena Kaufmann at Stockholm University has been particularly influential in delineating what she terms “digital sustainability decoupling” – the phenomenon whereby organisational practices diverge significantly from public-facing digital communications. Kaufmann’s longitudinal research, tracking 200 European corporations over five years, documented that intensity of social media sustainability messaging showed negligible correlation with reductions in carbon emissions or other concrete environmental outcomes, suggesting that digital communication may serve more as a reputational management tool than a driver of genuine transformation.

From an economic perspective, the relationship between social media and corporate sustainability reflects deeper structural tensions within contemporary capitalism. The business models of major social media platforms are fundamentally predicated on maximising user engagement and extracting behavioural data – objectives that inherently encourage overconsumption and perpetual distraction rather than the mindful, reduced consumption that authentic sustainability demands. Critical theorists argue that when corporations leverage these platforms for sustainability communication, they inadvertently reinforce the very consumerist paradigm that lies at the root of environmental degradation. The commodification of sustainability through viral campaigns, branded content, and influencer partnerships may generate awareness but simultaneously reduces complex ecological imperatives to marketable aesthetics, what researcher Dr. James Thornton characterises as the “Instagrammification of environmentalism”.

Nghiên cứu học thuật về tác động nghịch lý của mạng xã hội lên phát triển bền vững doanh nghiệp

Empirical investigations into the actual behavioural outcomes of social media sustainability campaigns present mixed and often contradictory findings. A comprehensive meta-analysis conducted by the Oxford Centre for Corporate Reputation in 2022, synthesising results from 147 studies across diverse geographical contexts and industry sectors, revealed that while social media campaigns significantly increased awareness and stated intentions regarding sustainability issues, the translation of these attitudes into sustained behavioural change remained disappointingly low. The researchers identified what they termed the “intention-action gap”, where individuals exposed to corporate sustainability content on social media demonstrated increased environmental concern but showed minimal changes in purchasing decisions, resource consumption, or advocacy behaviours. This disjuncture suggests that the psychological mechanisms through which social media operates – characterised by rapid content consumption, limited attention spans, and emotional rather than cognitive processing – may be fundamentally incompatible with the deep engagement and sustained commitment required for meaningful sustainability action.

The governance challenges posed by social media’s role in corporate sustainability extend beyond individual corporate practices to systemic regulatory questions. Current oversight mechanisms, designed for traditional media environments, prove inadequate in addressing the speed, scale, and algorithmic amplification characteristic of digital platforms. The absence of standardised verification procedures for sustainability claims made on social media creates opportunities for sophisticated greenwashing that can evade conventional regulatory scrutiny. Moreover, the transnational nature of social media platforms complicates jurisdictional questions, as companies can strategically target different geographical markets with varied sustainability narratives, exploiting regulatory arbitrage between regions with stringent disclosure requirements and those with lax enforcement.

Emerging research at the intersection of media studies and environmental psychology examines how algorithmic curation shapes public understanding of corporate sustainability. Social media algorithms, designed to maximise engagement, tend to prioritise emotionally charged content – whether celebratory success stories or condemnatory exposés – over nuanced, technical discussions of sustainability challenges and trade-offs. This systematic bias toward polarised content can distort public discourse, creating unrealistic expectations of what corporations can achieve while simultaneously undermining trust through constant exposure to sustainability failures and corporate malfeasance. The cumulative effect, some researchers argue, may be a form of “sustainability fatigue” where audiences become desensitised to both environmental crises and corporate responses, rendering social media communication increasingly ineffective as a tool for driving meaningful change.

Nevertheless, cautiously optimistic perspectives identify nascent possibilities for more generative deployments of social media in advancing corporate sustainability. Participatory approaches that transform passive audiences into active co-creators of sustainability initiatives show promise in preliminary studies. Blockchain-enabled verification systems integrated with social media platforms could provide immutable records of sustainability claims, addressing credibility concerns. Artificial intelligence applications capable of detecting greenwashing through semantic analysis of corporate communications offer potential regulatory tools. The development of alternative social media platforms governed by non-profit or cooperative structures, with business models not dependent on advertising and perpetual engagement, might provide spaces for more authentic sustainability dialogue. Whether these innovations can scale sufficiently to counterbalance the structural limitations of dominant platforms remains an open empirical question, one that will likely determine the ultimate viability of social media as a meaningful contributor to corporate sustainability transitions.

Questions 27-31

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

27. The energy use of data centres and electronic waste from devices represent what scholars call the __ of online sustainability communication.
28. Dr. Helena Kaufmann’s research identified a phenomenon she calls __, where companies’ actual practices differ greatly from their digital messages.
29. Critical theorists argue that viral sustainability campaigns reduce complex environmental issues to __.
30. The Oxford Centre study found a significant __ where people showed environmental concern but made few behavioural changes.
31. Current regulatory systems designed for traditional media prove __ when dealing with digital platforms.

Questions 32-36

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Passage 3?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

32. Social media platforms’ business models naturally support the reduced consumption that sustainability requires.
33. Dr. Helena Kaufmann’s research found a strong connection between social media activity and actual emission reductions.
34. Social media algorithms tend to favour emotionally charged content over detailed technical discussions.
35. All researchers agree that social media is ineffective for corporate sustainability communication.
36. Blockchain technology could potentially improve the credibility of sustainability claims on social media.

Questions 37-40

Choose FOUR letters, A-H.

Which FOUR of the following challenges related to social media and corporate sustainability are mentioned in the passage?

A) The high cost of maintaining social media accounts
B) The environmental impact of digital infrastructure itself
C) The difficulty in translating awareness into actual behaviour change
D) The lack of employee interest in sustainability topics
E) The inadequacy of existing regulatory frameworks for digital platforms
F) The shortage of qualified social media managers
G) The algorithmic bias toward polarised content
H) The limited availability of internet access globally

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3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. NOT GIVEN
5. TRUE
6. NOT GIVEN
7. greenwashing
8. interactive (dimension)
9. unprecedented precision
10. credibility / authenticity
11. C
12. B
13. B

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. B
15. C
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. real-time engagement
20. engagement-performance gap
21. stakeholder activism
22. sustainability influencers / thought leaders
23. standardised approaches / guidelines
24. NO
25. NOT GIVEN
26. YES

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. hidden footprint
28. digital sustainability decoupling
29. marketable aesthetics
30. intention-action gap
31. inadequate
32. NO
33. NO
34. YES
35. NO
36. YES
    37-40. B, C, E, G (in any order)

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4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: social media platforms, originally designed, business communication
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “What began as simple networking sites for personal connections” – mạng xã hội ban đầu được thiết kế cho kết nối cá nhân, không phải cho mục đích giao tiếp kinh doanh. Đây là thông tin trái ngược với câu hỏi.

Câu 2: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: traditional corporate communication, limited opportunities, two-way conversation
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết khẳng định “These conventional approaches were typically one-directional, offering little opportunity for dialogue or immediate feedback” – các phương pháp truyền thống là một chiều và ít cơ hội đối thoại. “Little opportunity for dialogue” được paraphrase thành “limited opportunities for two-way conversation”.

Câu 3: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Millennials, Generation Z, question, corporate sustainability claims
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn nói “Consumers today, particularly millennials and Generation Z, expect companies to be authentic and accountable in their sustainability claims. They can quickly identify and call out greenwashing”. Việc “call out greenwashing” chính là việc đặt câu hỏi về tính xác thực của các tuyên bố.

Câu 5: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: social media analytics, understand, sustainability messages, most effective
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Bài viết nêu rõ “This data allows them to understand which initiatives resonate most with their audience” – dữ liệu giúp họ hiểu sáng kiến nào được đón nhận nhiều nhất. “Resonate most” được paraphrase thành “most effective”.

Câu 7: greenwashing

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: practice, false, exaggerated, environmental claims
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Định nghĩa rõ ràng: “greenwashing – the practice of making misleading claims about environmental benefits”. Đây là định nghĩa trực tiếp trong bài.

Câu 9: unprecedented precision

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: monitor, sustainability messages
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Companies can track engagement levels, sentiment analysis, and reach of their sustainability messages with unprecedented precision” – câu văn sử dụng đúng cụm từ này để diễn tả độ chính xác chưa từng có trong việc theo dõi.

Câu 11: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: main challenge, social media presents
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: “The speed and viral nature of social media means that negative news can spread rapidly” – tốc độ lan truyền thông tin tiêu cực là thách thức chính được nhấn mạnh trong đoạn văn này.

Câu 12: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Patagonia’s social media strategy
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: “Their social media campaigns don’t just promote products; they educate consumers about environmental issues” – chiến lược kết hợp cả quảng bá sản phẩm và giáo dục môi trường.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: MIT study, found
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-7
• Giải thích: Nghiên cứu xác định “engagement-performance gap” – khoảng cách giữa mức độ tương tác trên mạng xã hội và hiệu suất môi trường thực tế. Đây chính là đáp án B được paraphrase.

Câu 16: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Amazon rainforest fires, demonstrates
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 4-7
• Giải thích: “Within weeks, major brands faced such intense social media pressure that they implemented stricter supply chain monitoring” – ví dụ cho thấy áp lực mạng xã hội dẫn đến thay đổi chính sách nhanh chóng.

Câu 18: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: AI and machine learning, social media monitoring
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: “Advanced algorithms can now analyse sentiment trends, identify emerging concerns, and even predict potential reputational risks” – AI giúp dự đoán và ngăn ngừa rủi ro về danh tiếng liên quan đến tính bền vững.

Câu 19: real-time engagement

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: transformed, periodic formal reports
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “While the previous generation of sustainability reporting relied on periodic disclosures through formal channels, today’s digital ecosystem demands continuous, real-time engagement” – sự chuyển đổi từ báo cáo định kỳ sang tương tác thời gian thực.

Câu 20: engagement-performance gap

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: high social media engagement, actual environmental performance
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 7
• Giải thích: Thuật ngữ cụ thể được đặt tên trong nghiên cứu để chỉ khoảng cách giữa tương tác và hiệu suất thực tế.

Câu 24: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: traditional engagement metrics, sufficient information
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “Traditional measures such as likes, shares, and comments, while useful for gauging audience interest, provide limited insight” – các chỉ số truyền thống cung cấp thông tin hạn chế, không đủ. Điều này trái với quan điểm trong câu hỏi.

Câu 26: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: European Union, considering regulations, digital sustainability communications
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: “The European Union’s proposed directive on corporate sustainability reporting, for instance, includes provisions that would apply to digital communications” – EU đang đề xuất quy định áp dụng cho truyền thông kỹ thuật số.

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: hidden footprint

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: energy use, data centres, electronic waste
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: “The energy consumption of data centres supporting social media infrastructure, the electronic waste generated by constant device upgrades, and the psychological impacts of digital culture constitute what scholars term the ‘hidden footprint'” – định nghĩa trực tiếp trong bài.

Câu 28: digital sustainability decoupling

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: Dr. Helena Kaufmann, companies’ practices, differ, digital messages
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Thuật ngữ được Dr. Kaufmann đặt ra để mô tả hiện tượng “organisational practices diverge significantly from public-facing digital communications”.

Câu 30: intention-action gap

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: Oxford Centre study, environmental concern, few behavioural changes
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: “The researchers identified what they termed the ‘intention-action gap’, where individuals exposed to corporate sustainability content on social media demonstrated increased environmental concern but showed minimal changes in purchasing decisions” – khoảng cách giữa ý định và hành động.

Câu 32: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: social media platforms’ business models, support reduced consumption
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “The business models of major social media platforms are fundamentally predicated on maximising user engagement and extracting behavioural data – objectives that inherently encourage overconsumption” – mô hình kinh doanh khuyến khích tiêu dùng quá mức, trái ngược với tiêu dùng giảm thiểu. Điều này mâu thuẫn với câu hỏi.

Câu 33: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Dr. Kaufmann’s research, strong connection, social media, emission reductions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 7-9
• Giải thích: Nghiên cứu “documented that intensity of social media sustainability messaging showed negligible correlation with reductions in carbon emissions” – tương quan không đáng kể, không phải kết nối mạnh mẽ. Đây là thông tin trái ngược.

Câu 34: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: social media algorithms, favour, emotionally charged content
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “Social media algorithms, designed to maximise engagement, tend to prioritise emotionally charged content…over nuanced, technical discussions” – thuật toán ưu tiên nội dung mang tính cảm xúc hơn thảo luận kỹ thuật chi tiết.

Câu 36: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Blockchain technology, improve credibility, sustainability claims
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “Blockchain-enabled verification systems integrated with social media platforms could provide immutable records of sustainability claims, addressing credibility concerns” – blockchain có thể cải thiện độ tin cậy.

Câu 37-40: B, C, E, G

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Selection
• Giải thích:
  • B (environmental impact of digital infrastructure): Đoạn 1 đề cập “energy consumption of data centres” và “electronic waste”
  • C (difficulty translating awareness into behaviour): Đoạn 4 thảo luận về “intention-action gap”
  • E (inadequacy of regulatory frameworks): Đoạn 5 nói “Current oversight mechanisms…prove inadequate”
  • G (algorithmic bias toward polarised content): Đoạn 6 giải thích algorithms “prioritise emotionally charged content”

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5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
transform	v	/trænsˈfɔːm/	biến đổi, chuyển đổi	Social media platforms have fundamentally transformed the way corporations communicate	transform into, digital transformation
stakeholder	n	/ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r)/	bên liên quan, các bên có quyền lợi	Communicate with their stakeholders	key stakeholders, stakeholder engagement
sustainability initiative	n	/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/	sáng kiến phát triển bền vững	Promoting corporate sustainability initiatives	launch an initiative, environmental initiative
transparency	n	/trænsˈpærənsi/	tính minh bạch, trong suốt	The transparency demanded by social media	corporate transparency, lack of transparency
greenwashing	n	/ˈɡriːnwɒʃɪŋ/	quảng cáo xanh giả tạo	They can quickly identify and call out greenwashing	avoid greenwashing, accusations of greenwashing
leverage	v	/ˈliːvərɪdʒ/	tận dụng, khai thác	Successfully leveraged social media	leverage technology, leverage resources
resonate	v	/ˈrezəneɪt/	gây được tiếng vang, đồng cảm	Which initiatives resonate most with their audience	resonate with customers, resonate deeply
scrutiny	n	/ˈskruːtəni/	sự giám sát, xem xét kỹ lưỡng	Under constant public scrutiny	face scrutiny, intense scrutiny
advocacy	n	/ˈædvəkəsi/	sự ủng hộ, vận động	Employee advocacy has emerged	brand advocacy, advocacy program
credibility	n	/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/	độ tin cậy	Adds a layer of credibility and authenticity	build credibility, lose credibility
misconduct	n	/ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt/	hành vi sai trái	Environmental misconduct	corporate misconduct, allegations of misconduct
amplify	v	/ˈæmplɪfaɪ/	khuếch đại, phóng đại	Can be exposed and amplified within hours	amplify the message, amplify concerns

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
integration	n	/ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/	sự tích hợp, hòa nhập	The integration of social media into corporate sustainability strategies	digital integration, seamless integration
accountability	n	/əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/	trách nhiệm giải trình	Has altered the landscape of corporate accountability	demand accountability, lack of accountability
scrutinise	v	/ˈskruːtənaɪz/	xem xét kỹ lưỡng, kiểm tra	Academic researchers have begun to scrutinise	scrutinise claims, closely scrutinise
correlation	n	/ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn/	mối tương quan	Examining the correlation between social media communications and ESG ratings	strong correlation, positive correlation
stakeholder activism	n	/ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r) ˈæktɪvɪzəm/	hoạt động vận động của các bên liên quan	The phenomenon of stakeholder activism	social activism, environmental activism
amplify	v	/ˈæmplɪfaɪ/	khuếch đại, tăng cường	Has been significantly amplified by social media	amplify voices, amplify impact
mobilise	v	/ˈməʊbəlaɪz/	huy động, động viên	Unprecedented ability to mobilise support	mobilise resources, mobilise action
exemplify	v	/ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ/	minh họa, làm gương	The 2019 Amazon rainforest fires exemplified this dynamic	clearly exemplify, perfectly exemplify
viral nature	n	/ˈvaɪrəl ˈneɪtʃə(r)/	tính lan truyền nhanh	The viral nature of social media content	go viral, viral spread
reputational crisis	n	/ˌrepjuˈteɪʃənl ˈkraɪsɪs/	khủng hoảng danh tiếng	Managing reputational crises	avoid a crisis, crisis management
proactive messaging	n	/prəʊˈæktɪv ˈmesɪdʒɪŋ/	thông điệp chủ động	Requires not just proactive messaging	proactive approach, proactive strategy
thought leader	n	/θɔːt ˈliːdə(r)/	người dẫn dắt tư tưởng, chuyên gia có ảnh hưởng	Influencers and thought leaders	industry thought leader, recognised thought leader
disclosure	n	/dɪsˈkləʊʒə(r)/	sự công bố, tiết lộ	Addressing social media disclosures	financial disclosure, full disclosure
stringent regulation	n	/ˈstrɪndʒənt ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/	quy định nghiêm ngặt	Considering more stringent regulations	impose stringent measures, stringent standards
sentiment analysis	n	/ˈsentɪmənt əˈnæləsɪs/	phân tích cảm xúc, thái độ	Can now analyse sentiment trends	conduct sentiment analysis, sentiment data

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
ascendancy	n	/əˈsendənsi/	sự thống trị, lên ngôi	The ascendancy of social media	gain ascendancy, rise to ascendancy
paradox	n	/ˈpærədɒks/	nghịch lý	Presents a profound paradox	central paradox, apparent paradox
ostensibly	adv	/ɒˈstensəbli/	về bề ngoài, có vẻ như	While these digital platforms ostensibly facilitate	ostensibly independent, ostensibly neutral
perpetuate	v	/pəˈpetʃueɪt/	duy trì, lưu giữ mãi	Simultaneously perpetuate significant sustainability challenges	perpetuate myths, perpetuate inequality
performative	adj	/pəˈfɔːmətɪv/	mang tính biểu diễn, làm màu	The performative aspects of digital sustainability communication	performative activism, performative action
delineate	v	/dɪˈlɪnieɪt/	phác họa, mô tả rõ ràng	Has been particularly influential in delineating	clearly delineate, delineate boundaries
decoupling	n	/diːˈkʌplɪŋ/	sự tách rời, không liên kết	Digital sustainability decoupling	economic decoupling, policy decoupling
longitudinal research	n	/ˌlɒŋɡɪˈtjuːdɪnl rɪˈsɜːtʃ/	nghiên cứu theo chiều dọc (theo thời gian)	Kaufmann’s longitudinal research	conduct longitudinal studies, longitudinal data
negligible	adj	/ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl/	không đáng kể, nhỏ nhặt	Showed negligible correlation	negligible impact, negligible effect
predicated on	phrase	/ˈpredɪkeɪtɪd ɒn/	dựa trên, căn cứ vào	Are fundamentally predicated on maximising user engagement	predicated on the assumption, predicated on trust
commodification	n	/kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/	sự hàng hóa hóa	The commodification of sustainability	cultural commodification, commodification process
meta-analysis	n	/ˌmetə əˈnæləsɪs/	phân tích tổng hợp	A comprehensive meta-analysis	conduct a meta-analysis, meta-analytic review
disjuncture	n	/dɪsˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r)/	sự gián đoạn, không liên tục	This disjuncture suggests	historical disjuncture, cultural disjuncture
algorithmic curation	n	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk kjʊəˈreɪʃn/	sự quản lý nội dung bằng thuật toán	How algorithmic curation shapes public understanding	content curation, algorithmic filtering
nascent	adj	/ˈnæsnt/	mới nảy sinh, sơ khai	Cautiously optimistic perspectives identify nascent possibilities	nascent industry, nascent technology
immutable	adj	/ɪˈmjuːtəbl/	không thay đổi được, bất biến	Could provide immutable records	immutable truth, immutable law
semantic analysis	n	/sɪˈmæntɪk əˈnæləsɪs/	phân tích ngữ nghĩa	Through semantic analysis of corporate communications	semantic meaning, semantic structure
viability	n	/ˌvaɪəˈbɪləti/	tính khả thi, khả năng tồn tại	The ultimate viability of social media	economic viability, long-term viability

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Kết bài

Chủ đề về ảnh hưởng của mạng xã hội đến sáng kiến bền vững doanh nghiệp không chỉ phản ánh xu hướng hiện đại trong kinh doanh mà còn là một trong những chủ đề quan trọng thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS Reading. Qua bài thi mẫu với 3 passages và 40 câu hỏi đa dạng này, bạn đã được trải nghiệm một bài thi hoàn chỉnh với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, giống như cấu trúc của đề thi IELTS thật.

Passage 1 giới thiệu các khái niệm cơ bản về vai trò của mạng xã hội trong truyền thông doanh nghiệp, Passage 2 đi sâu vào các thách thức đo lượng tác động và trách nhiệm giải trình, trong khi Passage 3 phân tích những nghịch lý phức tạp và ý nghĩa xã hội-công nghệ của hiện tượng này. Mỗi passage đều được thiết kế với các dạng câu hỏi đặc trưng của IELTS, giúp bạn làm quen với format và phát triển kỹ năng làm bài toàn diện.

Phần đáp án chi tiết không chỉ cung cấp câu trả lời đúng mà còn giải thích rõ ràng vị trí thông tin, cách paraphrase và chiến lược tiếp cận từng dạng câu hỏi. Đây là những kỹ thuật thực chiến mà bạn có thể áp dụng ngay trong quá trình ôn luyện. Bộ từ vựng được tổng hợp theo từng passage với phiên âm, nghĩa tiếng Việt, ví dụ và collocations sẽ giúp bạn xây dựng vốn từ học thuật vững chắc, đặc biệt quan trọng cho việc đạt band điểm cao.

Hãy làm bài thi này trong điều kiện giống như thi thật – 60 phút không ngắt quãng, sau đó đối chiếu đáp án và học từ những sai lầm. Đừng nản lòng nếu Passage 3 gây khó khăn, đây là passage được thiết kế cho band 7.0-9.0. Sự kiên trì luyện tập với các đề thi chất lượng như thế này chính là chìa khóa giúp bạn đạt được mục tiêu IELTS Reading của mình.