Mở Bài
Chủ đề về công nghệ y tế và sức khỏe tâm thần ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading, đặc biệt là những đề thi liên quan đến Mental Health Apps Effectiveness – hiệu quả của các ứng dụng chăm sóc sức khỏe tâm thần. Đây là một chủ đề thời sự, phản ánh xu hướng số hóa trong ngành y tế và sự quan tâm ngày càng tăng đối với vấn đề sức khỏe tinh thần trong xã hội hiện đại.
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages có độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống như thi thật. Mỗi passage được thiết kế cẩn thận để phản ánh đúng cấu trúc và yêu cầu của kỳ thi IELTS chính thức, kèm theo đáp án chi tiết và giải thích rõ ràng giúp bạn hiểu cách tiếp cận từng dạng câu hỏi.
Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với chủ đề công nghệ y tế, nâng cao vốn từ vựng chuyên ngành, đồng thời rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu và quản lý thời gian hiệu quả. Hãy chuẩn bị đồng hồ bấm giờ và bắt đầu làm bài trong điều kiện tương tự như thi thật để đánh giá chính xác năng lực hiện tại của mình.
1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
Bài thi IELTS Reading kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm thô, sau đó được quy đổi sang thang điểm band từ 1.0 đến 9.0.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó thấp nhất)
- Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó trung bình)
- Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó cao nhất)
Lưu ý rằng không có thời gian bổ sung để chép đáp án sang phiếu trả lời, vì vậy bạn cần ghi câu trả lời trực tiếp trong quá trình làm bài.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các lựa chọn cho sẵn
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hoặc không được đề cập
- Matching Information – Ghép thông tin với đoạn văn tương ứng
- Sentence Completion – Hoàn thiện câu với từ trong bài đọc
- Matching Headings – Ghép tiêu đề phù hợp cho các đoạn văn
- Summary Completion – Hoàn thiện đoạn tóm tắt
- Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn với từ trong bài
2. IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Digital Mental Health Support
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
Over the past decade, mental health applications have emerged as a revolutionary tool in the healthcare industry, offering accessible and affordable support to millions of people worldwide. These digital platforms range from simple mood-tracking apps to sophisticated programs incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques and artificial intelligence.
The origins of mental health apps can be traced back to the early 2010s, when smartphone usage began to proliferate globally. Initially, these applications were basic tools designed to help users monitor their emotional states through simple diary entries or mood ratings. However, as technology advanced and our understanding of psychological interventions deepened, developers began creating more comprehensive solutions that could deliver evidence-based treatments directly to users’ phones.
One of the primary advantages of mental health apps is their accessibility. Traditional therapy often requires patients to schedule appointments weeks in advance, travel to a clinic, and pay substantial fees for each session. In contrast, these digital tools are available 24/7, can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, and typically cost a fraction of what traditional therapy does. This has been particularly beneficial for people living in remote areas, those with mobility issues, or individuals who feel stigmatized about seeking face-to-face mental health support.
Research into the effectiveness of these apps has produced encouraging results. A study conducted by the University of California involving 500 participants found that individuals using structured mental health applications for eight weeks showed a 32% reduction in anxiety symptoms and a 28% decrease in depression indicators compared to a control group. The study particularly noted improvements in users who engaged with the apps regularly, completing at least four sessions per week.
However, the mental health app market is not without its challenges. With over 10,000 mental health apps currently available on major platforms like the Apple App Store and Google Play, the quality and efficacy vary dramatically. Many apps lack scientific validation or were developed without input from mental health professionals. This has raised concerns among clinicians and researchers about the potential risks of users relying on unproven tools for serious mental health conditions.
Privacy concerns also loom large in this industry. Mental health apps collect highly sensitive personal data, including users’ thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns. A 2019 investigation revealed that 29% of popular mental health apps shared user data with third parties without explicit consent. This finding prompted calls for stricter regulation and better transparency regarding how these applications handle personal information.
Despite these challenges, many mental health professionals view these apps as a valuable complement to traditional treatment rather than a replacement. Dr. Sarah Martinez, a clinical psychologist at Johns Hopkins University, explains: “These apps can serve as an excellent first step for people who are hesitant about therapy, or as a support tool between sessions for those already in treatment. They’re particularly useful for teaching coping strategies and helping patients practice skills in real-world situations.”
The future of mental health apps looks promising, with developers increasingly focusing on personalization and evidence-based approaches. Machine learning algorithms are being integrated to adapt treatment plans based on individual user responses, while partnerships between tech companies and mental health institutions are ensuring that new applications are grounded in solid clinical research. As awareness of mental health issues continues to grow and technology becomes ever more sophisticated, these digital tools are likely to play an increasingly important role in mental healthcare delivery worldwide.
Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. According to the passage, mental health apps first appeared:
A. in the late 2000s
B. in the early 2010s
C. in the mid-2010s
D. in the late 2010s
2. What was the initial function of early mental health apps?
A. Delivering cognitive behavioral therapy
B. Providing artificial intelligence support
C. Monitoring emotional states through diary entries
D. Connecting users with professional therapists
3. The University of California study mentioned in the passage:
A. involved 300 participants over six weeks
B. showed a 32% reduction in depression symptoms
C. required users to complete six sessions per week
D. demonstrated significant improvements in anxiety symptoms
4. What percentage of mental health apps were found to share user data with third parties?
A. 19%
B. 29%
C. 39%
D. 49%
5. Dr. Sarah Martinez suggests that mental health apps are best used as:
A. a complete replacement for traditional therapy
B. a complement to traditional treatment
C. a tool only for severe mental health conditions
D. an emergency intervention method
Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. Mental health apps are more expensive than traditional face-to-face therapy.
7. People in remote areas benefit particularly from mental health apps.
8. All mental health apps currently available are developed by qualified mental health professionals.
9. Machine learning technology is being used to personalize treatment plans in newer apps.
Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. Traditional therapy often requires patients to pay __ for each session.
11. There are currently over 10,000 mental health apps available on major platforms such as the Apple App Store and __.
12. Mental health apps collect highly __ about users’ thoughts and emotions.
13. Apps are particularly useful for teaching __ that patients can practice in everyday situations.
Các ứng dụng chăm sóc sức khỏe tâm thần phổ biến trên thiết bị di động với giao diện thân thiện người dùng
PASSAGE 2 – Evaluating the Clinical Impact of Mental Health Apps
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
A. The exponential growth of mental health applications over the past decade has sparked considerable debate within the medical community regarding their therapeutic efficacy and appropriate role in mental healthcare. While proponents argue that these digital interventions represent a democratization of mental health support, critics contend that the field remains largely unregulated and that many apps make unsubstantiated claims about their effectiveness. Understanding the actual clinical impact of these tools requires a careful examination of the available evidence and the methodological challenges inherent in studying digital interventions.
B. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), considered the gold standard in medical research, have been conducted on numerous mental health apps, with varying results. A comprehensive meta-analysis published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research in 2021 examined 45 RCTs involving over 8,000 participants across 12 countries. The analysis found that app-based interventions produced statistically significant improvements in symptoms of depression and anxiety, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. However, the study also revealed substantial heterogeneity in outcomes, suggesting that effectiveness depends heavily on factors such as app design, theoretical framework, user engagement, and the severity of symptoms being addressed.
C. One critical factor influencing app effectiveness is the incorporation of evidence-based therapeutic techniques. Applications grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) consistently demonstrate superior outcomes compared to those based on less rigorously validated approaches. CBT apps typically guide users through structured exercises designed to identify and modify maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. Features such as thought records, behavioral activation schedules, and exposure hierarchies translate traditional therapeutic techniques into interactive digital formats. Research indicates that apps incorporating these elements can produce outcomes comparable to therapist-delivered CBT for mild to moderate depression and anxiety, though they appear less effective for severe conditions.
D. User engagement represents another crucial variable determining app effectiveness. Studies consistently show that the therapeutic benefits are dose-dependent – that is, users who engage more frequently and consistently with the app experience greater symptom reduction. However, maintaining user engagement poses a significant challenge. Data from various studies indicate that retention rates for mental health apps are typically low, with 50-70% of users discontinuing use within the first two weeks. This attrition is particularly pronounced among individuals with more severe symptoms, who paradoxically might benefit most from sustained intervention.
E. To address engagement issues, developers have begun incorporating gamification elements, push notifications, and personalized content based on machine learning algorithms. These features aim to make apps more appealing and to provide timely interventions when users most need support. Some applications now include chatbot functionality powered by artificial intelligence, offering users the experience of conversational interaction. While these innovations show promise, researchers caution that the focus should remain on therapeutic effectiveness rather than merely increasing engagement through superficial features.
F. The question of who benefits most from mental health apps remains an active area of investigation. Evidence suggests these tools are particularly valuable for individuals with mild to moderate symptoms, those seeking preventative support, or people using them as an adjunct to traditional therapy. However, they appear less suitable as a standalone treatment for individuals with severe mental illness, complex trauma, or co-occurring disorders. Mental health professionals emphasize that apps should not replace comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and treatment planning for serious conditions.
G. Regulatory frameworks for mental health apps remain underdeveloped in most jurisdictions. Unlike pharmaceutical products or medical devices, which must undergo rigorous testing and approval processes, mental health apps can typically be released to the market with minimal oversight. Some countries are beginning to address this gap. Germany’s digital health app program, for instance, allows doctors to prescribe approved apps that are then reimbursed by health insurance. Such initiatives require apps to demonstrate clinical effectiveness through peer-reviewed research and to meet strict data security standards.
H. Looking forward, researchers are exploring ways to optimize mental health apps through precision medicine approaches. This involves using data analytics to identify which individuals are most likely to benefit from which types of interventions. Additionally, there is growing interest in hybrid models that combine app-based tools with human support, such as coaching or brief check-ins with therapists. These models may offer a balance between the scalability of digital interventions and the therapeutic relationship that many patients value in traditional treatment.
Questions 14-19: Matching Headings
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.
List of Headings:
i. The importance of evidence-based therapeutic approaches
ii. Future directions in digital mental health research
iii. Challenges in maintaining user participation
iv. Mixed results from scientific studies
v. The need for stronger government oversight
vi. Identifying appropriate candidates for app-based treatment
vii. Cost-effectiveness compared to traditional therapy
viii. The role of artificial intelligence in engagement
14. Paragraph B
15. Paragraph C
16. Paragraph D
17. Paragraph E
18. Paragraph F
19. Paragraph G
Questions 20-23: Summary Completion
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Research has shown that mental health apps incorporating 20. __ techniques consistently produce better results than other approaches. These apps typically include features such as thought records and behavioral activation schedules. However, the effectiveness of apps is highly dependent on 21. __, with studies showing that 50-70% of users stop using apps within two weeks. To combat this problem, developers are adding features like gamification and 22. __ powered by artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, experts emphasize that apps work best as an **23. __ rather than a complete replacement for traditional therapy.
Questions 24-26: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
24. According to the meta-analysis mentioned in Paragraph B:
A. All apps showed large effect sizes
B. Results were consistent across all studies
C. Over 10,000 participants were involved
D. Effectiveness varied depending on multiple factors
25. The passage suggests that mental health apps are LEAST suitable for:
A. people with mild symptoms
B. individuals seeking preventative support
C. patients with severe mental illness
D. those using them alongside traditional therapy
26. Germany’s digital health app program is mentioned as an example of:
A. successful app marketing strategies
B. regulatory approaches to mental health apps
C. international collaboration in app development
D. cost-effective healthcare solutions
PASSAGE 3 – The Neuroscience and Psychology Behind Digital Mental Health Interventions
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The burgeoning field of digital mental health interventions represents a paradigmatic shift in how we conceptualize and deliver psychological treatment. While much attention has been paid to the practical advantages of mental health apps – their accessibility, affordability, and scalability – less commonly discussed are the neurobiological and psychological mechanisms through which these interventions exert their therapeutic effects. Understanding these underlying processes is crucial not only for optimizing app design but also for establishing theoretical frameworks that can predict which interventions will prove most efficacious for specific conditions and populations.
Neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, forms the foundational principle underlying the potential effectiveness of app-based interventions. Traditional psychotherapy has long been understood to work, in part, by facilitating beneficial changes in neural architecture, particularly in regions associated with emotion regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. The critical question for digital interventions is whether the stimulus patterns and learning experiences they provide can induce comparable neuroplastic changes to those observed in traditional therapy.
Emerging neuroimaging research suggests that the answer may be cautiously affirmative. A longitudinal study employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examined neural changes in individuals using a structured CBT app for generalized anxiety disorder over a 12-week period. The results demonstrated measurable alterations in neural activation patterns, including decreased amygdala reactivity to threat-related stimuli and increased prefrontal cortical engagement during emotion regulation tasks. These changes mirrored those typically observed following traditional CBT, though the magnitude of effects was somewhat attenuated, suggesting that while digital interventions can promote neuroplastic adaptation, they may do so less robustly than face-to-face therapy, at least for certain populations.
The theoretical mechanisms by which mental health apps facilitate symptom improvement extend beyond simple neuroplastic changes to encompass cognitive, behavioral, and affective processes. From a cognitive perspective, apps utilizing CBT frameworks operate on the principle that maladaptive thinking patterns contribute substantially to psychological distress. By providing structured opportunities to identify, examine, and modify these patterns, apps facilitate the development of more adaptive cognitive schemas. The digital format offers certain unique advantages in this regard: the ability to prompt interventions at ecologically valid moments – that is, when users are actually experiencing distressing thoughts in their natural environments – rather than retrospectively in a therapist’s office.
Behavioral principles, particularly those derived from operant conditioning and reinforcement theory, are also central to understanding app effectiveness. Many successful mental health apps incorporate features designed to reinforce adaptive behaviors through immediate feedback, progress tracking, and gamification elements. These features leverage our understanding of how behaviors are shaped and maintained through contingencies of reinforcement. However, a critical distinction must be drawn between extrinsic motivation generated by app features (points, badges, streaks) and the intrinsic motivation that characterizes lasting psychological change. There is concern that overreliance on gamified elements may produce superficial engagement without fostering genuine internalization of therapeutic principles.
The therapeutic alliance – the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist – has long been recognized as one of the most robust predictors of positive outcomes in psychotherapy. This raises important questions about digital interventions: can an app, lacking human presence and empathic attunement, provide sufficient relational context for meaningful psychological change? Recent research suggests a more nuanced picture. While apps cannot replicate the interpersonal dynamics of traditional therapy, many users report experiencing a form of parasocial relationship with the app, particularly those incorporating chatbot or virtual therapist elements. Moreover, alliance with the treatment method itself – as distinct from alliance with a specific therapist – may be a more critical factor than previously assumed.
The role of metacognition – thinking about one’s own thinking – represents another crucial psychological mechanism activated by mental health apps. Many applications include features that promote metacognitive awareness, such as mood tracking, thought diaries, and pattern recognition tools. By helping users develop what psychologists term a “decentered perspective” – the ability to observe one’s thoughts and emotions with some psychological distance – these apps may facilitate a form of cognitive defusion that reduces the impact of negative thoughts. This process shares conceptual similarities with mindfulness-based interventions, which have been shown to produce changes in brain networks associated with self-referential processing and attentional control.
However, several methodological and theoretical challenges complicate our understanding of how digital interventions work. First, the active ingredients of these apps – the specific features or mechanisms responsible for therapeutic effects – remain poorly understood. Most apps incorporate multiple components simultaneously, making it difficult to isolate which elements are essential. Dismantling studies, which systematically test the incremental value of different app components, are needed but remain rare. Second, there is the problem of technological confounding: changes in symptoms may reflect not the specific therapeutic content of an app but rather more general effects of technology use, such as increased self-monitoring, structured routine, or simply the placebo effect of engaging with any intervention.
Furthermore, important individual difference variables likely moderate app effectiveness in ways we do not yet fully understand. Factors such as technological literacy, attachment style, alexithymia (difficulty identifying and describing emotions), and personality traits such as conscientiousness and openness to experience may all influence an individual’s capacity to benefit from digital interventions. Developing predictive algorithms that can match individuals to the most appropriate interventions based on these characteristics represents a promising but complex research frontier.
The ethical implications of app-based interventions also warrant consideration. As these tools become increasingly sophisticated, incorporating artificial intelligence and predictive analytics, concerns arise about algorithmic bias, the potential for technology to amplify health disparities, and the commodification of mental healthcare. There is a risk that the profit-driven nature of the app industry may incentivize engagement over genuine therapeutic benefit, or that predictive algorithms trained on non-representative datasets may provide suboptimal recommendations for marginalized populations.
Looking forward, the integration of precision medicine approaches with digital mental health interventions offers considerable promise. By leveraging large-scale data analytics, machine learning, and increasingly sophisticated assessment methods, researchers aim to develop personalized intervention algorithms that can adapt in real-time to an individual’s changing needs, context, and response patterns. Such adaptive interventions could theoretically optimize therapeutic efficiency while addressing the heterogeneity of treatment response that characterizes mental health conditions.
In conclusion, while mental health apps demonstrate measurable effectiveness for certain conditions and populations, our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying this effectiveness remains incomplete. Continued research integrating insights from neuroscience, clinical psychology, human-computer interaction, and data science will be essential for realizing the full potential of digital mental health interventions while safeguarding against their potential pitfalls.
Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
27. According to the passage, neuroplasticity refers to:
A. the brain’s ability to create new neural connections
B. a type of digital intervention
C. a region of the brain associated with emotion
D. a therapeutic technique used in traditional therapy
28. The fMRI study mentioned in the passage found that:
A. digital interventions were more effective than traditional therapy
B. neural changes from app use were identical to those from traditional therapy
C. app users showed decreased amygdala reactivity to threats
D. neuroplastic changes were stronger with apps than with traditional therapy
29. The passage suggests that apps can provide cognitive interventions at “ecologically valid moments,” meaning:
A. interventions based on environmental concerns
B. interventions when users experience real-time distress
C. interventions in natural outdoor settings
D. interventions validated by ecological research
30. According to the passage, the therapeutic alliance in traditional therapy:
A. cannot be replicated in any form by apps
B. is less important than previously thought
C. is strongly predicted by parasocial relationships
D. differs from but relates to users’ engagement with apps
31. The passage indicates that dismantling studies are:
A. commonly conducted in app research
B. used to identify which app components are effective
C. focused on removing ineffective apps from the market
D. primarily concerned with hardware rather than software
Nghiên cứu chụp não bộ fMRI cho thấy hoạt động thần kinh khi sử dụng ứng dụng trị liệu tâm lý
Questions 32-36: Yes/No/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage?
Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
32. Digital interventions produce identical neuroplastic changes to those seen in traditional face-to-face therapy.
33. Gamification elements in apps may lead to engagement without meaningful psychological change.
34. Most mental health apps have been proven to be ineffective for treating serious conditions.
35. Individual characteristics such as technological literacy may affect how well someone responds to app-based interventions.
36. Apps developed by pharmaceutical companies are more effective than those created by technology companies.
Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
37. What term describes the ability to observe one’s own thoughts with psychological distance?
38. What type of studies are needed to test the incremental value of different app components?
39. What difficulty in identifying emotions may affect a person’s ability to benefit from apps?
40. What type of algorithms do researchers aim to develop to personalize interventions in real-time?
3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- B
- C
- D
- B
- B
- FALSE
- TRUE
- FALSE
- TRUE
- substantial fees
- Google Play
- sensitive personal data
- coping strategies
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- iv
- i
- iii
- viii (hoặc có thể chấp nhận ii nếu xét về nội dung mở rộng)
- vi
- v
- cognitive behavioral (therapy) / CBT
- user engagement
- chatbot functionality
- adjunct (to traditional therapy)
- D
- C
- B
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- A
- C
- B
- D
- B
- NO
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- decentered perspective
- dismantling studies
- alexithymia
- personalized intervention algorithms / adaptive intervention (algorithms)
4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: mental health apps, first appeared
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “The origins of mental health apps can be traced back to the early 2010s” – nguồn gốc của các ứng dụng sức khỏe tâm thần có thể truy nguyên về đầu những năm 2010. Đây là paraphrase trực tiếp của câu hỏi.
Câu 4: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: percentage, share user data, third parties
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Bài viết đề cập “A 2019 investigation revealed that 29% of popular mental health apps shared user data with third parties” – một cuộc điều tra năm 2019 cho thấy 29% các ứng dụng sức khỏe tâm thần phổ biến chia sẻ dữ liệu người dùng với bên thứ ba.
Câu 6: FALSE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: expensive, traditional therapy
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-5
- Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “typically cost a fraction of what traditional therapy does” – thường chỉ tốn một phần nhỏ chi phí của liệu pháp truyền thống. Điều này mâu thuẫn với phát biểu rằng ứng dụng đắt hơn.
Câu 10: substantial fees
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: traditional therapy, pay, each session
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu gốc: “travel to a clinic, and pay substantial fees for each session” – đi đến phòng khám và trả phí đáng kể cho mỗi buổi điều trị. Đáp án phải là “substantial fees” theo đúng yêu cầu không quá hai từ.
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: iv (Mixed results from scientific studies)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: Đoạn B thảo luận về meta-analysis với kết quả “statistically significant improvements” nhưng cũng có “substantial heterogeneity in outcomes” – cho thấy kết quả hỗn hợp từ các nghiên cứu khoa học.
Câu 16: iii (Challenges in maintaining user participation)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Vị trí: Paragraph D
- Giải thích: Đoạn D tập trung vào vấn đề “maintaining user engagement poses a significant challenge” và đề cập rằng 50-70% người dùng ngừng sử dụng trong hai tuần đầu – rõ ràng về thách thức duy trì sự tham gia.
Câu 20: cognitive behavioral (therapy) / CBT
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: techniques, consistently produce better results
- Vị trí: Paragraph C, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: “Applications grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) consistently demonstrate superior outcomes” – ứng dụng dựa trên liệu pháp nhận thức hành vi luôn cho thấy kết quả vượt trội.
Câu 24: D
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí: Paragraph B
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói “effectiveness depends heavily on factors such as app design, theoretical framework, user engagement” – hiệu quả phụ thuộc nhiều vào các yếu tố như thiết kế ứng dụng, khung lý thuyết, sự tham gia của người dùng. Điều này khớp với đáp án D về việc hiệu quả thay đổi tùy thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố.
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: A
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: neuroplasticity
- Vị trí: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Bài đọc định nghĩa “Neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life” – tính dẻo thần kinh là khả năng tự tổ chức lại của não bộ bằng cách hình thành các kết nối thần kinh mới.
Câu 28: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Vị trí: Đoạn 3
- Giải thích: Nghiên cứu fMRI cho thấy “decreased amygdala reactivity to threat-related stimuli” – giảm phản ứng của hạch hạnh nhân với các kích thích liên quan đến mối đe dọa. Đây là đáp án C.
Câu 32: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí: Đoạn 3, cuối đoạn
- Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “the magnitude of effects was somewhat attenuated” – mức độ hiệu quả bị giảm đi phần nào, cho thấy các thay đổi không giống hệt nhau. Do đó câu trả lời là NO.
Câu 33: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Vị trí: Đoạn 5
- Giải thích: Bài viết cảnh báo “overreliance on gamified elements may produce superficial engagement without fostering genuine internalization” – dựa quá nhiều vào các yếu tố trò chơi hóa có thể tạo ra sự tham gia hời hợt mà không thúc đẩy sự nội tâm hóa thực sự.
Câu 37: decentered perspective
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: observe thoughts, psychological distance
- Vị trí: Đoạn 7
- Giải thích: Bài đọc đề cập “what psychologists term a ‘decentered perspective’ – the ability to observe one’s thoughts and emotions with some psychological distance” – cái mà các nhà tâm lý học gọi là góc nhìn phi trung tâm hóa – khả năng quan sát suy nghĩ và cảm xúc với một khoảng cách tâm lý nhất định.
Câu 40: personalized intervention algorithms / adaptive intervention (algorithms)
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: develop, personalize, real-time
- Vị trí: Đoạn 11
- Giải thích: “researchers aim to develop personalized intervention algorithms that can adapt in real-time” – các nhà nghiên cứu hướng tới phát triển các thuật toán can thiệp được cá nhân hóa có thể điều chỉnh theo thời gian thực.
5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| accessible | adj | /əkˈsesəbl/ | dễ tiếp cận, có thể sử dụng | offering accessible and affordable support | accessible healthcare, easily accessible |
| proliferate | v | /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/ | tăng nhanh, phát triển mạnh | smartphone usage began to proliferate | rapidly proliferate, proliferate globally |
| comprehensive | adj | /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ | toàn diện, bao quát | more comprehensive solutions | comprehensive study, comprehensive approach |
| stigmatized | adj | /ˈstɪɡmətaɪzd/ | bị kỳ thị, bị gắn mác xấu | individuals who feel stigmatized | highly stigmatized, socially stigmatized |
| efficacy | n | /ˈefɪkəsi/ | hiệu quả, tác dụng | quality and efficacy vary dramatically | therapeutic efficacy, proven efficacy |
| rely on | phrasal v | /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/ | phụ thuộc vào, dựa vào | users relying on unproven tools | heavily rely on, solely rely on |
| loom large | phrase | /luːm lɑːdʒ/ | hiện ra rõ, nổi bật | Privacy concerns also loom large | loom large over, loom large in |
| sensitive | adj | /ˈsensətɪv/ | nhạy cảm, quan trọng | highly sensitive personal data | sensitive information, sensitive issue |
| complement | n | /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/ | bổ sung, phần bổ trợ | valuable complement to traditional treatment | perfect complement, useful complement |
| coping strategies | n phrase | /ˈkəʊpɪŋ ˈstrætədʒiz/ | chiến lược đối phó | teaching coping strategies | effective coping strategies, develop coping strategies |
| sophisticated | adj | /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ | tinh vi, phức tạp | technology becomes ever more sophisticated | highly sophisticated, increasingly sophisticated |
| fraction | n | /ˈfrækʃn/ | phần nhỏ, một chút | cost a fraction of traditional therapy | small fraction, tiny fraction |
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exponential | adj | /ˌekspəˈnenʃl/ | theo cấp số nhân, tăng nhanh | exponential growth of mental health applications | exponential increase, exponential rise |
| therapeutic efficacy | n phrase | /ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk ˈefɪkəsi/ | hiệu quả điều trị | regarding their therapeutic efficacy | demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, assess therapeutic efficacy |
| contend | v | /kənˈtend/ | cho rằng, tranh luận | critics contend that the field remains | strongly contend, contend that |
| unsubstantiated | adj | /ˌʌnsəbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/ | không có bằng chứng | make unsubstantiated claims | unsubstantiated allegations, unsubstantiated evidence |
| heterogeneity | n | /ˌhetərədʒəˈniːəti/ | tính không đồng nhất | substantial heterogeneity in outcomes | high heterogeneity, considerable heterogeneity |
| maladaptive | adj | /ˌmæləˈdæptɪv/ | không thích nghi | modify maladaptive thought patterns | maladaptive behavior, maladaptive response |
| attrition | n | /əˈtrɪʃn/ | sự rời bỏ, sự giảm dần | This attrition is particularly pronounced | high attrition, attrition rate |
| pronounced | adj | /prəˈnaʊnst/ | rõ rệt, đáng kể | particularly pronounced among individuals | more pronounced, highly pronounced |
| adjunct | n | /ˈædʒʌŋkt/ | phần bổ sung, phụ trợ | using them as an adjunct to traditional therapy | useful adjunct, valuable adjunct |
| standalone | adj | /ˈstændəˌləʊn/ | độc lập, đứng riêng | less suitable as a standalone treatment | standalone product, standalone system |
| reimbursed | v (past) | /ˌriːɪmˈbɜːst/ | được hoàn lại tiền | reimbursed by health insurance | fully reimbursed, partially reimbursed |
| peer-reviewed | adj | /ˈpɪə rɪvjuːd/ | được đánh giá bởi đồng nghiệp | demonstrate effectiveness through peer-reviewed research | peer-reviewed journal, peer-reviewed article |
| scalability | n | /ˌskeɪləˈbɪləti/ | khả năng mở rộng quy mô | the scalability of digital interventions | improve scalability, enhance scalability |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paradigmatic shift | n phrase | /ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/ | sự thay đổi mô hình, thay đổi toàn diện | represents a paradigmatic shift | undergo paradigmatic shift, mark paradigmatic shift |
| neurobiological | adj | /ˌnjʊərəʊbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ | thuộc thần kinh sinh học | neurobiological and psychological mechanisms | neurobiological basis, neurobiological factors |
| exert | v | /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ | gây ra, tác động | exert their therapeutic effects | exert influence, exert pressure |
| neuroplasticity | n | /ˌnjʊərəʊplæˈstɪsəti/ | tính dẻo thần kinh | Neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity | promote neuroplasticity, enhance neuroplasticity |
| induce | v | /ɪnˈdjuːs/ | gây ra, tạo ra | induce comparable neuroplastic changes | induce changes, induce response |
| attenuated | adj | /əˈtenjueɪtɪd/ | giảm bớt, suy yếu | magnitude of effects was somewhat attenuated | significantly attenuated, slightly attenuated |
| ecologically valid | adj phrase | /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkli ˈvælɪd/ | có giá trị sinh thái (thực tế) | at ecologically valid moments | ecologically valid research, ecologically valid measure |
| operant conditioning | n phrase | /ˈɒpərənt kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ | điều kiện hóa thao tác | derived from operant conditioning | principles of operant conditioning, operant conditioning techniques |
| contingencies | n | /kənˈtɪndʒənsiz/ | tình huống phụ thuộc, điều kiện | through contingencies of reinforcement | behavioral contingencies, environmental contingencies |
| empathic attunement | n phrase | /emˈpæθɪk əˈtjuːnmənt/ | sự đồng điệu cảm xúc | lacking empathic attunement | therapeutic empathic attunement, develop empathic attunement |
| parasocial relationship | n phrase | /ˌpærəˈsəʊʃl rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ | mối quan hệ giả xã hội | experiencing a form of parasocial relationship | form parasocial relationship, parasocial relationship with |
| metacognition | n | /ˌmetəkɒɡˈnɪʃn/ | siêu nhận thức | The role of metacognition | enhance metacognition, metacognition skills |
| cognitive defusion | n phrase | /ˈkɒɡnətɪv dɪˈfjuːʒn/ | sự khử gắn kết nhận thức | facilitate a form of cognitive defusion | cognitive defusion techniques, practice cognitive defusion |
| dismantling studies | n phrase | /dɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ˈstʌdiz/ | các nghiên cứu tháo rời | Dismantling studies are needed | conduct dismantling studies, dismantling studies show |
| incremental value | n phrase | /ˌɪŋkrɪˈmentl ˈvæljuː/ | giá trị gia tăng | test the incremental value | demonstrate incremental value, provide incremental value |
| alexithymia | n | /əˌleksɪˈθaɪmiə/ | chứng khó nhận biết cảm xúc | alexithymia (difficulty identifying emotions) | suffer from alexithymia, alexithymia symptoms |
| algorithmic bias | n phrase | /ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk ˈbaɪəs/ | thiên kiến thuật toán | concerns about algorithmic bias | reduce algorithmic bias, address algorithmic bias |
| commodification | n | /kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | sự thương mại hóa | commodification of mental healthcare | increasing commodification, commodification of health |
Kết Bài
Chủ đề mental health apps effectiveness không chỉ phổ biến trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading mà còn phản ánh một xu hướng quan trọng trong xã hội hiện đại – sự kết hợp giữa công nghệ và chăm sóc sức khỏe. Đề thi mẫu này đã cung cấp cho bạn một trải nghiệm hoàn chỉnh với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần, từ Easy (Passage 1) giới thiệu tổng quan về ứng dụng sức khỏe tâm thần, Medium (Passage 2) đánh giá tác động lâm sàng, đến Hard (Passage 3) phân tích sâu về cơ chế thần kinh và tâm lý học.
Qua 40 câu hỏi đa dạng bao gồm Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Yes/No/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion, và Short-answer Questions, bạn đã được rèn luyện toàn diện các kỹ năng cần thiết cho kỳ thi IELTS Reading thực tế. Phần đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích không chỉ giúp bạn kiểm tra kết quả mà còn hiểu rõ cách paraphrase, xác định vị trí thông tin và áp dụng chiến lược làm bài phù hợp.
Đặc biệt, bộ từ vựng được tổng hợp theo từng passage với hơn 35 từ vựng quan trọng kèm phiên âm, nghĩa và collocations sẽ giúp bạn nâng cao vốn từ học thuật, đặc biệt trong lĩnh vực y tế, công nghệ và tâm lý học – những chủ đề thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS. Hãy thường xuyên ôn tập các từ vựng này và thực hành làm lại đề thi để cải thiện tốc độ và độ chính xác.
Hãy nhớ rằng, thành công trong IELTS Reading không chỉ đến từ việc làm nhiều bài tập mà còn từ việc phân tích kỹ lưỡng các câu trả lời, hiểu rõ cấu trúc đề thi và xây dựng chiến lược làm bài phù hợp với bản thân. Chúc bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới.
