Cách Sử Dụng “On The Other Hand” Để Diễn Đạt Sự Tương Phản Trong IELTS Band 7-9

“On the other hand” là một cụm từ nối (linking phrase) quan trọng giúp bạn diễn đạt sự tương phản và đối lập trong IELTS. Cụm từ này đặc biệt hữu ích khi bạn cần trình bày hai mặt của một vấn đề, so sánh hai quan điểm khác nhau, hoặc đưa ra ý kiến cân bằng trong Speaking Part 3 và Writing Task 2.

Theo phân tích từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, “on the other hand” và các cụm từ tương phản tương tự xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:

• Speaking: Part 3 (thảo luận và đưa ra nhiều góc nhìn)
• Writing Task 2: Discussion essays, Advantage-Disadvantage essays
• Reading: Nhận diện ý kiến đối lập trong các đoạn văn

Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:

Speaking Part 3 (Discussion):

“While living in a big city offers many career opportunities, on the other hand, it can be quite stressful and expensive.”

→ Phân tích: Câu này trình bày hai mặt đối lập của việc sống ở thành phố lớn, thể hiện tư duy cân bằng.

Writing Task 2 (Discussion essay):

“Some people believe that technology has brought families closer together. On the other hand, others argue that it has created emotional distance between family members.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “on the other hand” để nối hai quan điểm trái ngược nhau một cách mạch lạc.

Speaking Part 3 (Giving balanced opinion):

“Traditional education methods have proven effective for centuries. On the other hand, modern teaching approaches incorporate technology that can enhance learning experiences.”

→ Phân tích: Thể hiện khả năng nhìn nhận vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ – đặc điểm của Band 7+.

Writing Task 2 (Advantage-Disadvantage):

“Working from home allows employees to save commuting time and achieve better work-life balance. On the other hand, remote work can lead to feelings of isolation and reduced team collaboration.”

→ Phân tích: Cấu trúc này giúp bạn trình bày cả ưu và nhược điểm một cách chuyên nghiệp.

Speaking Part 3 (Comparing):

“Young people tend to adapt quickly to new technology. On the other hand, older generations may find it more challenging to keep up with digital changes.”

→ Phân tích: So sánh hai nhóm đối tượng với quan điểm cân bằng và khách quan.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:

✅ Định nghĩa và vai trò của “on the other hand” trong việc diễn đạt sự tương phản

✅ Công thức chi tiết và vị trí sử dụng trong câu

✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS, đặc biệt là Speaking và Writing

✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 từ các topic IELTS phổ biến

✅ Các cụm từ tương phản thay thế để tăng tính đa dạng

✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách khắc phục

✅ Bài tập thực hành với đáp án chi tiết

“On The Other Hand” Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa

“On the other hand” là một cụm liên kết (discourse marker) được sử dụng để giới thiệu một ý kiến, quan điểm hoặc thông tin tương phản hoặc đối lập với ý đã được đề cập trước đó. Cụm từ này giúp người nói/viết trình bày hai mặt của một vấn đề một cách cân bằng và logic.

Chức năng chính:

• Thể hiện sự tương phản hoặc đối lập giữa hai ý tưởng
• Giới thiệu quan điểm thứ hai trong discussion
• Tạo sự cân bằng khi trình bày lập luận
• Nối kết các đoạn văn hoặc câu một cách mạch lạc
• Thể hiện tư duy phản biện và khách quan

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking Part 3: Khi examiner hỏi về hai mặt của một vấn đề, yêu cầu so sánh hoặc thảo luận
• Writing Task 2: Trong Discussion essays, Advantage-Disadvantage essays, hoặc khi trình bày counter-argument
• Khi bạn muốn thể hiện khả năng nhìn nhận vấn đề từ nhiều góc độ khác nhau
• Khi cần tránh lập luận một chiều và tăng tính thuyết phục

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Thấp – Các câu hỏi thường đơn giản, không yêu cầu trình bày tương phản
• Part 2: Trung bình – Có thể sử dụng khi mô tả hai khía cạnh khác nhau của topic
• Part 3: Rất cao – Đây là phần lý tưởng để sử dụng “on the other hand” vì các câu hỏi thường yêu cầu thảo luận, so sánh hoặc đưa ra nhiều góc nhìn

Writing:

• Task 1: Thấp – Chủ yếu mô tả số liệu, ít cần diễn đạt tương phản quan điểm. Tuy nhiên có thể dùng khi so sánh xu hướng đối lập
• Task 2: Rất cao – Đặc biệt trong Discussion essays (“Discuss both views”), Advantage-Disadvantage essays, và khi trình bày counter-argument trong Opinion essays

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong các đoạn văn academic và discussion
• Cần nhận diện để hiểu được sự chuyển đổi ý và quan điểm đối lập
• Thường là signal word cho các câu hỏi True/False/Not Given

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Sử dụng “but” hoặc “however” đơn giản, chưa có “on the other hand”
• Band 7: Sử dụng “on the other hand” chính xác nhưng có thể chưa tự nhiên, ít đa dạng
• Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt “on the other hand” cùng với các linking phrases khác như “conversely”, “by contrast”, “whereas”, tạo sự đa dạng và tự nhiên

Minh họa cách sử dụng on the other hand để diễn đạt sự tương phản trong IELTS Speaking và Writing

Công Thức & Cấu Trúc

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Idea A]. On the other hand, [Contrasting Idea B].          │
│                                                              │
│ Ví dụ: Living in a city is convenient.                      │
│        On the other hand, it can be very expensive.         │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• Idea A (Ý kiến/Thông tin đầu tiên): Câu hoàn chỉnh trình bày quan điểm hoặc thông tin đầu tiên
• On the other hand: Cụm liên kết, thường có dấu phзапятой (comma) theo sau
• Idea B (Ý kiến/Thông tin tương phản): Câu hoàn chỉnh trình bày quan điểm hoặc thông tin đối lập với Idea A

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu: “Online shopping is convenient and time-saving. On the other hand, you cannot inspect products before purchasing.”

Phân tích:

• Idea A: “Online shopping is convenient and time-saving” (ưu điểm)
• Linking phrase: “On the other hand,” (dấu phẩy bắt buộc)
• Idea B: “you cannot inspect products before purchasing” (nhược điểm – tương phản)
• Chức năng: Trình bày hai mặt của online shopping một cách cân bằng

Các Biến Thể Về Vị Trí

Vị trí 1: Đầu câu (Phổ biến nhất – 80% trường hợp)

Sentence 1. On the other hand, Sentence 2.

Ví dụ: “Traditional books provide a tactile reading experience. On the other hand, e-books are more portable and environmentally friendly.”

Vị trí 2: Giữa câu (Ít phổ biến hơn – 15% trường hợp)

Sentence 1, but on the other hand, Sentence 2.

Ví dụ: “Some people enjoy working in teams, but on the other hand, others prefer to work independently.”

Lưu ý: Cách dùng này ít formal hơn và không được khuyến khích trong IELTS Writing.

Vị trí 3: Đầu đoạn văn mới (Formal writing – 5% trường hợp)

Paragraph discussing Idea A.

On the other hand, paragraph discussing Idea B.

Ví dụ trong Writing Task 2:

“Proponents of homework argue that it reinforces classroom learning and develops self-discipline. Students who complete homework regularly tend to perform better in exams and develop stronger study habits.

On the other hand, critics contend that excessive homework can lead to stress and burnout. Children need time for physical activities, social interaction, and creative pursuits that homework may limit.”

Dấu Câu Quan Trọng

Quy tắc dấu phẩy:

Cấu trúc	Dấu câu	Ví dụ
Sau “hand” khi ở đầu câu	Bắt buộc có dấu phẩy	On the other hand, remote work offers flexibility.
Trước “on the other hand”	Dấu chấm hoặc chấm phẩy	Cities are exciting. On the other hand, they’re crowded.
Trong câu ghép	Dấu phẩy trước và sau	Life is busy, on the other hand, we must make time for family. (Không khuyến khích)

❌ LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP:

• Quên dấu phẩy sau “hand”: “On the other hand remote work…” (SAI)
• Dùng dấu phẩy thay vì dấu chấm trước cụm từ: “Cities are exciting, on the other hand…” (SAI – run-on sentence)

Cụm Từ Tương Phản Thay Thế

Các cách diễn đạt tương tự để tăng tính đa dạng:

Cụm từ	Mức độ formal	Ví dụ	Band level
However	Formal	Technology improves efficiency. However, it can replace human jobs.	6+
Nevertheless	Very formal	The plan is expensive. Nevertheless, it’s necessary.	7+
Conversely	Very formal	Men dominate tech fields. Conversely, women lead in healthcare.	8+
In contrast	Formal	Children learn quickly. In contrast, adults need more time.	7+
By contrast	Formal	City life is fast-paced. By contrast, rural life is peaceful.	7+
On the contrary	Formal (phủ nhận ý trước)	It’s not boring. On the contrary, it’s fascinating.	7+
Whereas	Formal (trong câu)	Young people embrace change, whereas elders prefer stability.	7+

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Speaking

Speaking Part 1 – Introduction & Interview

Cách sử dụng:

Trong Part 1, “on the other hand” ít được sử dụng vì câu hỏi thường đơn giản và không yêu cầu so sánh phức tạp. Tuy nhiên, bạn có thể dùng để tạo ấn tượng với examiner khi có cơ hội.

Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:

Q: “Do you prefer reading books or watching movies?”

A (Band 6): “I like both. Books are good for imagination but movies are more entertaining.”

A (Band 7-8): “I enjoy both, actually. Reading books allows me to use my imagination and engage deeply with the story. On the other hand, watching movies is more convenient when I’m tired and want something visually stimulating.”

→ Phân tích: Câu trả lời Band 7-8 sử dụng “on the other hand” để trình bày hai sở thích với lý do rõ ràng, thể hiện khả năng diễn đạt cân bằng.

Q: “Do you think your hometown is a good place for young people?”

A: “Yes, definitely. My hometown offers good educational facilities and job opportunities for young graduates. On the other hand, it lacks entertainment venues and cultural activities that young people might find in bigger cities.”

→ Band 8 features: Trả lời đầy đủ cả hai mặt, sử dụng vocabulary chính xác (educational facilities, entertainment venues).

Speaking Part 2 – Long Turn

Khi nào sử dụng:

Trong Part 2, bạn có thể sử dụng “on the other hand” khi mô tả hai khía cạnh khác nhau của topic, đặc biệt với các đề bài về:

• Describe a decision you made
• Describe a place you visited
• Describe an experience

Cue card example:

Topic: Describe a city you have visited.

Sample answer (Band 7-8):

“I’d like to talk about Tokyo, which I visited last summer. It’s an incredibly modern metropolis with cutting-edge technology everywhere you look. The transportation system is remarkably efficient, and you can find any service you need 24/7.

On the other hand, Tokyo can be quite overwhelming, especially for first-time visitors. The crowds are intense, particularly during rush hour, and the fast-paced lifestyle can be exhausting. Despite having many English signs, I sometimes struggled with communication in smaller shops and restaurants.

What I appreciated most was the contrast between ultra-modern districts like Shibuya and on the other hand, traditional areas like Asakusa where you can experience old Japanese culture. This balance between tradition and modernity made my trip memorable.”

→ Phân tích:

• Sử dụng “on the other hand” hai lần một cách tự nhiên
• Lần 1: Đối lập giữa ưu điểm và nhược điểm của Tokyo
• Lần 2: Tương phản giữa khu hiện đại và khu truyền thống
• Vocabulary đa dạng: cutting-edge, overwhelming, ultra-modern
• Cấu trúc câu phức: Despite having…, which I visited…

Speaking Part 3 – Discussion

Đây là phần quan trọng nhất để sử dụng “on the other hand” vì examiner thường hỏi các câu hỏi yêu cầu bạn thảo luận hai mặt của vấn đề.

Dạng câu hỏi thường gặp:

Type 1: Compare and Contrast

Q: “What are the differences between living in the city and the countryside?”

A (Band 8-9): “Well, there are several notable distinctions. Urban areas typically offer superior career prospects and access to world-class facilities such as hospitals, universities, and entertainment venues. You’re constantly exposed to diverse cultures and ideas.

On the other hand, rural areas provide a more tranquil lifestyle with closer-knit communities. People living in the countryside often report lower stress levels and stronger connections with nature. The cost of living is also considerably lower, which allows families to enjoy a higher quality of life with the same income.

Conversely, countryside residents may face limited job opportunities and have to travel long distances for specialized services.”

→ Band 9 features: Sử dụng nhiều cụm từ tương phản khác nhau (on the other hand, conversely), vocabulary chính xác (notable distinctions, superior career prospects, closer-knit communities).

Type 2: Advantages and Disadvantages

Q: “What are the benefits and drawbacks of remote work?”

A (Band 7-8): “Remote work has become increasingly popular, and it certainly has its advantages. Employees can save significant time and money on commuting, and they have more flexibility to manage their schedules. This often leads to improved work-life balance.

On the other hand, working from home can create challenges. Many people struggle with isolation and miss the social interaction of an office environment. There’s also the issue of blurred boundaries between work and personal life, which can actually increase stress rather than reduce it.

Furthermore, while some people thrive with independence, on the flip side, others need the structure and supervision of a traditional workplace to stay productive.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng “on the other hand” và biến thể “on the flip side” để tránh lặp lại, thể hiện tính linh hoạt trong ngôn ngữ.

Type 3: Two Different Opinions

Q: “Some people think university education should be free. What do you think?”

A (Band 8): “This is quite a contentious issue. Advocates of free university education argue that it promotes equality and ensures talented students from low-income families can access higher education. Countries like Germany and Norway have demonstrated that this model can work effectively.

On the other hand, opponents point out that free education places an enormous burden on taxpayers. They argue that students should invest in their own future, especially since university graduates typically earn significantly more than non-graduates throughout their careers.

Personally, I believe a middle ground approach, such as subsidized education with income-based repayment, might be most practical.”

→ Band 8+ features: Trình bày cả hai quan điểm khách quan trước khi đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân, sử dụng vocabulary học thuật (contentious issue, enormous burden, subsidized).

Ví dụ câu trả lời IELTS Speaking Part 3 sử dụng on the other hand để thảo luận hai mặt vấn đề

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Writing

Writing Task 1 – Academic Reports

Khi nào sử dụng:

Trong Task 1, “on the other hand” có thể được sử dụng khi:

• So sánh hai xu hướng đối lập trong biểu đồ
• Mô tả sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm dữ liệu
• Đối chiếu hai giai đoạn thời gian

Ví dụ với Line Graph:

“The graph illustrates employment trends in three sectors from 2000 to 2020. The manufacturing sector experienced a steady decline, falling from 45% to 28% of total employment. On the other hand, the service sector showed continuous growth, rising from 35% to 58% over the same period.”

→ Sử dụng: Đối chiếu hai xu hướng ngược nhau (decline vs. growth).

Ví dụ với Bar Chart:

“In terms of energy consumption, developed nations used an average of 7,500 kWh per capita annually. On the other hand, developing countries consumed only 1,200 kWh per capita, representing a significant disparity.”

→ Sử dụng: So sánh hai nhóm có số liệu đối lập.

Lưu ý: Trong Task 1, bạn cũng có thể dùng “in contrast”, “conversely” hoặc “whereas” để tăng tính đa dạng.

Writing Task 2 – Essay Types

Discussion Essay (Discuss Both Views)

Đây là dạng bài lý tưởng nhất để sử dụng “on the other hand”.

Sample Question:

“Some people believe that children should start learning a foreign language at primary school, while others think it should begin at secondary school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Sample Body Paragraphs (Band 8):

Body Paragraph 1:

“Proponents of early language learning argue that young children possess superior linguistic abilities and can acquire new languages more naturally than adolescents. Research has shown that the critical period for language acquisition occurs before puberty, when the brain is most receptive to new sounds and grammatical structures. Moreover, starting early allows children to achieve near-native fluency by the time they reach adulthood. Countries like Singapore and the Netherlands, which introduce English in primary school, have produced populations with exceptional multilingual capabilities.”

Body Paragraph 2:

“On the other hand, critics contend that introducing foreign languages too early can overwhelm young learners who are still mastering their mother tongue. They argue that primary school children should focus on foundational subjects like mathematics and literacy in their native language. Furthermore, many primary schools lack qualified language teachers and appropriate resources, which could result in poor-quality instruction that does more harm than good. From this perspective, it might be more effective to wait until secondary school when students have stronger cognitive abilities and can learn more efficiently.”

→ Phân tích Band 8 features:

• “On the other hand” nối hai đoạn văn trình bày quan điểm đối lập
• Mỗi paragraph có topic sentence rõ ràng
• Sử dụng thêm “From this perspective” để đa dạng hóa
• Evidence cụ thể: Singapore, Netherlands
• Cohesive devices đa dạng: Moreover, Furthermore

Advantage-Disadvantage Essay

Sample Question:

“In many countries, more and more people are working from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?”

Sample Body Paragraphs (Band 7-8):

Body Paragraph 1 – Advantages:

“Remote work offers several significant benefits for both employees and employers. Firstly, it eliminates commuting time, which not only reduces stress but also decreases carbon emissions from transportation. A typical office worker can save up to two hours daily, time that can be devoted to family, exercise, or personal development. Additionally, companies can reduce overhead costs by maintaining smaller office spaces. Studies have shown that remote workers often demonstrate higher productivity levels due to fewer office distractions and the ability to create personalized work environments.”

Body Paragraph 2 – Disadvantages:

“On the other hand, this trend presents notable challenges that cannot be ignored. The primary concern is social isolation, as remote workers miss out on face-to-face interactions and spontaneous collaboration that occur in traditional office settings. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from company culture. Furthermore, the blurring of boundaries between professional and personal life often results in longer working hours, as employees find it difficult to ‘switch off’ when their home doubles as their workplace. In addition, not all jobs are suitable for remote work, particularly those requiring specialized equipment or hands-on collaboration.”

→ Phân tích:

• “On the other hand” đánh dấu chuyển đổi từ advantages sang disadvantages
• Sử dụng thêm “Furthermore” và “In addition” để liệt kê nhiều disadvantages
• Cấu trúc parallel: Firstly… Additionally… / The primary concern… Furthermore… In addition…

Opinion Essay (Argumentative)

Sample Question:

“Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Sample Body Paragraph with Counter-argument (Band 8-9):

“While I acknowledge that imprisonment serves important functions in the justice system, I believe that rehabilitation and social programs are more effective long-term solutions for reducing crime.

Admittedly, longer prison sentences can act as a deterrent and temporarily remove dangerous individuals from society. This approach provides immediate public safety and may satisfy victims’ desire for justice. Countries with strict sentencing policies, such as the United States, have used this strategy extensively.

On the other hand, the evidence suggests that incarceration alone does not address the root causes of criminal behavior. Many offenders come from disadvantaged backgrounds with limited education and employment prospects. Without intervention programs that provide job training, mental health support, and substance abuse treatment, released prisoners are likely to reoffend. Scandinavian countries, which focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment, have achieved recidivism rates as low as 20%, compared to over 60% in countries with harsher sentencing policies. This clearly demonstrates that addressing underlying social issues is more effective than simply extending prison terms.”

→ Band 9 features:

• Thừa nhận quan điểm đối lập trước (Admittedly)
• Sử dụng “On the other hand” để chuyển sang quan điểm chính
• Evidence cụ thể với số liệu (20% vs 60%)
• Concluding sentence mạnh mẽ với “This clearly demonstrates”

Sample Complete Essay (Band 8.0)

Question: “Some people prefer to live in traditional houses, while others prefer modern apartments. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Introduction:

“Housing preferences vary significantly across different demographics and cultures. While some individuals are drawn to the charm and character of traditional houses, others favor the convenience and amenities of modern apartments. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that the choice depends largely on lifestyle needs and personal circumstances.”

Body Paragraph 1:

“Traditional houses offer several appealing features that modern apartments cannot replicate. Firstly, they typically provide more living space, including private gardens where families can relax and children can play safely. The architectural character of older homes, with features such as high ceilings, wooden floors, and unique designs, creates a sense of warmth and personality. Moreover, traditional houses offer greater privacy, as residents do not share walls with neighbors. This is particularly important for families with young children or individuals who work from home and require quiet environments.”

Body Paragraph 2:

“On the other hand, modern apartments present practical advantages that appeal to contemporary lifestyles. They are generally located in city centers, providing easy access to workplaces, shopping facilities, and public transportation. This urban proximity significantly reduces commuting time and transportation costs. Furthermore, apartments often include security features such as controlled access and surveillance systems, which offer peace of mind, especially for elderly residents or frequent travelers. In addition, apartment buildings typically provide shared amenities like swimming pools, gyms, and communal spaces that would be unaffordable in individual homes.”

Body Paragraph 3 (Opinion):

“From my perspective, the optimal choice depends on one’s life stage and priorities. Young professionals and small families might find apartments more suitable due to lower maintenance requirements and urban convenience. Conversely, larger families or those seeking long-term investments may benefit more from traditional houses, despite the higher maintenance costs and longer commutes. The environmental factor also deserves consideration; apartment living generally has a smaller carbon footprint due to shared resources and reduced land use.”

Conclusion:

“In conclusion, both traditional houses and modern apartments offer distinct benefits. While houses provide space and privacy, apartments offer convenience and security. Ultimately, individuals should carefully evaluate their lifestyle requirements, financial situation, and long-term goals before making this significant decision.”

Band Score Analysis:

• Task Response: Đầy đủ, discuss cả hai views và đưa ra opinion rõ ràng
• Coherence: “On the other hand”, “Furthermore”, “In addition”, “Conversely” tạo luồng ý mạch lạc
• Vocabulary: contemporary lifestyles, urban proximity, carbon footprint
• Grammar: Câu phức đa dạng, không lỗi

Cấu trúc bài luận Discussion Essay IELTS sử dụng on the other hand để nối các quan điểm

Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác

1. On the other hand + While/Although (Complex sentences):

“While urbanization has brought economic prosperity to many regions, on the other hand, it has also led to environmental degradation and social inequality.”

→ Band 8+ features: Kết hợp concessive clause (While) với contrasting phrase (on the other hand) tạo câu phức sophisticated.

2. On the other hand + Passive Voice:

“Traditional marketing methods have proven effective for decades. On the other hand, digital strategies are now being adopted by an increasing number of businesses due to their cost-effectiveness and measurable results.”

→ Advanced usage: Passive voice “are being adopted” thể hiện xu hướng đang diễn ra, phù hợp với academic writing.

3. On the other hand + Relative Clauses:

“Renewable energy sources, which have gained significant attention in recent years, offer sustainable solutions. On the other hand, fossil fuels, which still dominate global energy consumption, remain economically attractive in the short term.”

→ Sophistication: Hai relative clauses song song tạo sự cân bằng và complexity trong câu.

4. On the other hand + Conditional Sentences:

“If governments invested heavily in public transportation, urban congestion would decrease significantly. On the other hand, if they focused on expanding road networks, this might only encourage more private vehicle usage and worsen pollution.”

→ Advanced structure: Sử dụng Type 2 conditional để thảo luận hypothetical situations, thể hiện tư duy phản biện.

5. On the other hand + Modal Verbs for Hedging:

“Technological advancement may improve living standards in developed nations. On the other hand, it could potentially widen the gap between rich and poor countries that lack access to such innovations.”

→ Band 8+ feature: Modal verbs (may, could) thể hiện cautious reasoning và academic tone.

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao & Variations

Academic collocations sử dụng contrast trong IELTS Band 8-9:

Cụm từ	Ví dụ	Band Level	Ngữ cảnh sử dụng
Conversely	Urban areas are densely populated. Conversely, rural regions face depopulation.	8+	Academic writing, formal discussion
By way of contrast	Some cultures value individualism. By way of contrast, others prioritize collective harmony.	8+	Writing Task 2, formal comparison
Contrariwise	Technology facilitates learning. Contrariwise, it can also serve as a distraction.	8-9	Very formal writing, rare in speaking
That said	Online education is convenient. That said, it lacks personal interaction.	7-8	Both speaking and writing, slightly informal
Having said that	Remote work offers flexibility. Having said that, it requires strong self-discipline.	7-8	Natural in speaking, acceptable in writing
Then again	Cities offer opportunities. Then again, they’re often stressful and polluted.	7	More common in speaking than writing
From another perspective	Globalization benefits economies. From another perspective, it threatens cultural identity.	8+	Academic discussion, showing multiple viewpoints

Advanced Sentence Patterns:

Pattern 1: Contrasting with inversion (Band 9):

“Not only does social media connect people globally, but it also, on the other hand, creates echo chambers that polarize opinions.”

→ Complexity: Inversion (does social media) + contrasting idea.

Pattern 2: Contrasting with participle clauses (Band 8-9):

“Having acknowledged the benefits of tourism, we must on the other hand recognize its detrimental impact on local ecosystems and cultures.”

→ Advanced: Present perfect participle thể hiện concession trước khi contrast.

Pattern 3: Nominal contrast (Band 8+):

“The advantages of globalization are well-documented. The flip side of the coin, however, is the loss of cultural diversity and local traditions.”

→ Sophisticated variation: “The flip side of the coin” thay thế “on the other hand”.

Câu Phức & Ghép Nâng Cao

Complex Sentence Integration:

Example 1 (Band 8):

“Despite the fact that artificial intelligence has revolutionized numerous industries, making processes more efficient and cost-effective, on the other hand, it has simultaneously raised ethical concerns regarding privacy and job displacement, which many experts argue could have profound societal consequences.”

Phân tích:

• Bắt đầu với concessive clause: Despite the fact that…
• Main clause với present perfect: has revolutionized
• Contrasting idea: on the other hand
• Relative clause: which many experts argue
• Multiple clauses tạo sentence complexity cao

Example 2 (Band 8-9):

“While proponents of genetic engineering emphasize its potential to eradicate hereditary diseases and enhance food security, critics on the other hand contend that manipulating genetic codes poses unpredictable risks to biodiversity and raises moral questions about ‘playing God’, concerns that should not be dismissed lightly.”

Phân tích:

• Concessive clause: While proponents…
• Integrated contrast: critics on the other hand (không tách câu)
• Relative clause: concerns that should not…
• Academic vocabulary: eradicate, hereditary, biodiversity
• Emotive language trong quotes: ‘playing God’

Example 3 – Multiple contrasts (Band 9):

“Whereas traditional education systems emphasize rote learning and standardized testing, progressive pedagogies, on the other hand, prioritize critical thinking and creativity. This fundamental difference reflects contrasting philosophies: the former values measurable outcomes and discipline, while the latter, conversely, champions individual expression and exploratory learning.”

Phân tích:

• Ba cụm từ contrast khác nhau: whereas, on the other hand, conversely
• Cohesive device: This fundamental difference (referencing)
• Parallel structure: the former… while the latter
• Sophisticated vocabulary: pedagogies, rote learning, exploratory

Practical Application in IELTS:

Speaking Part 3 – Native-like fluency:

“Well, that’s an interesting question. You see, older generations tend to value job security and loyalty to one employer throughout their careers. On the flip side, younger workers nowadays prioritize work-life balance and aren’t afraid to change jobs frequently for better opportunities. That being said, I don’t think either approach is inherently wrong – it really depends on individual circumstances and what one values most in life.”

→ Band 9 features:

• Discourse markers: You see, That being said
• Variation: On the flip side (instead of on the other hand)
• Hedging: tend to, I don’t think, it really depends
• Natural qualifying statement at the end

So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự

“On The Other Hand” vs “However”

Tiêu chí	On the other hand	However
Công thức	Idea A. On the other hand, Idea B.	Idea A. However, Idea B.
Ý nghĩa	Trình bày hai mặt đối lập nhưng BẰNG NHAU về tầm quan trọng	Phủ nhận hoặc đối lập với ý trước, thường mang tính bác bỏ
Vị trí	Thường dùng khi đã có “on the one hand” trước đó	Độc lập, không cần cụm từ mở đầu
Mức độ formal	Formal, academic	Very formal, versatile
Dùng khi	So sánh hai options, hai perspectives có giá trị ngang nhau	Đưa ra exception, contradiction, hoặc limitation
Ví dụ	“City life offers opportunities. On the other hand, countryside provides peace.”	“City life is exciting. However, it’s extremely expensive.”
Frequency in IELTS	Medium (đặc biệt trong discussion)	Very high (tất cả essay types)

Khi nào dùng cấu trúc nào:

Dùng “On the other hand” khi:

• Bạn trình bày discussion essay (discuss both views)
• So sánh advantage-disadvantage
• Hai ý có trọng lượng tương đương
• Muốn thể hiện balanced view

Dùng “However” khi:

• Đưa ra counter-argument
• Phủ nhận một phần ý kiến trước
• Chỉ ra limitation hoặc exception
• Bất kỳ essay type nào

Practical Example:

Topic: “Should governments spend money on arts or public services?”

Using “on the other hand” (balanced discussion):

“Investing in the arts enriches cultural heritage and promotes creativity. On the other hand, funding public services like healthcare and education directly improves citizens’ quality of life.”

→ Hai options có giá trị ngang nhau, không bác bỏ nhau.

Using “however” (showing limitation):

“Investing in the arts enriches cultural heritage and promotes creativity. However, in countries facing poverty and inadequate healthcare, public services should take priority.”

→ Phủ nhận phần nào ý kiến đầu tiên, chỉ ra limitation.

“On The Other Hand” vs “In Contrast”

Tiêu chí	On the other hand	In contrast
Công thức	Idea A. On the other hand, Idea B.	Idea A. In contrast, Idea B.
Ý nghĩa	Đưa ra alternative perspective	Nhấn mạnh sự KHÁC BIỆT rõ rệt
Usage focus	Presenting alternatives	Highlighting differences
Mức độ formal	Formal	Very formal
Tone	Neutral, balanced	More emphatic
Ví dụ	“Some prefer tea. On the other hand, others prefer coffee.”	“Japanese culture values collectivism. In contrast, American culture emphasizes individualism.”
Best for	Discussion essays, balanced arguments	Comparison essays, academic analysis

When to use which:

Use “In contrast” khi:

• Sự khác biệt giữa hai ý rất rõ rệt, đối lập hoàn toàn
• Writing Task 1 (comparing data, trends)
• Muốn nhấn mạnh sự tương phản
• Academic comparison

Use “On the other hand” khi:

• Trình bày alternative viewpoint
• Discussion/opinion essay
• Muốn giữ tone neutral, balanced

“On The Other Hand” vs “Conversely”

Tiêu chí	On the other hand	Conversely
Formality	Formal	Very formal (academic)
Meaning	Alternative view	Complete opposite/reverse situation
Implication	Two different perspectives	Direct inversion of logic
IELTS Writing	Common, safe choice	Band 8+ vocabulary
IELTS Speaking	Natural in Part 3	Sounds overly formal, avoid
Ví dụ	“Online courses are convenient. On the other hand, they lack interaction.”	“Developed nations consume excessively. Conversely, developing nations struggle with scarcity.”

Key Difference:

“Conversely” indicates a more direct logical opposite, while “on the other hand” simply presents another side.

Example showing the difference:

Statement: “In summer, ice cream sales increase.”

• On the other hand: “In summer, hot soup sales remain low.” (different product, different situation)
• Conversely: “In winter, ice cream sales decrease.” (same product, opposite situation)

Bảng so sánh các cụm từ diễn đạt sự tương phản trong IELTS Writing và Speaking

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Dùng “On The One Hand… On The Other Hand” Không Đầy Đủ

❌ SAI:

“On the other hand, traditional education has many advantages.”

(Câu văn bắt đầu bằng “on the other hand” mà không có “on the one hand” ở trước)

✅ ĐÚNG:

“On the one hand, online education offers flexibility and convenience. On the other hand, traditional education provides valuable face-to-face interaction.”

HOẶC

“Traditional education provides valuable face-to-face interaction. On the other hand, online education offers flexibility and convenience.”

Giải thích:

Nhiều học viên Việt Nam hiểu lầm rằng bắt buộc phải dùng “on the one hand” trước khi dùng “on the other hand”. Thực tế:

• Nếu bắt đầu với “On the one hand”, BẮT BUỘC phải có “on the other hand” theo sau
• Nhưng có thể dùng “on the other hand” độc lập mà KHÔNG cần “on the one hand”
• Trong IELTS Writing, nhiều experts khuyến nghị KHÔNG dùng “on the one hand… on the other hand” vì cấu trúc này hơi rigid và formal quá mức

Lưu ý:

Trong IELTS Writing Task 2, cách tự nhiên và được prefer hơn là:

“Some people believe X. On the other hand, others argue Y.”

Thay vì:

“On the one hand, some people believe X. On the other hand, others argue Y.”

Lỗi 2: Quên Dấu Phẩy Sau “Hand”

❌ SAI:

“City life is exciting. On the other hand it can be very stressful.”

✅ ĐÚNG:

“City life is exciting. On the other hand, it can be very stressful.”

Giải thích:

Đây là lỗi punctuation phổ biến nhất. “On the other hand” là một introductory phrase, theo quy tắc ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, BẮT BUỘC phải có dấu phẩy sau nó.

Rule: Bất kỳ transitional phrase nào ở đầu câu (However, Moreover, Furthermore, On the other hand, etc.) đều phải có comma sau nó.

Các trường hợp tương tự:

• ❌ “However it is expensive.” → ✅ “However, it is expensive.”
• ❌ “Furthermore many people disagree.” → ✅ “Furthermore, many people disagree.”
• ❌ “In contrast rural areas are peaceful.” → ✅ “In contrast, rural areas are peaceful.”

Lưu ý:

Nếu bạn viết tay trong IELTS, hãy chắc chắn dấu phẩy đủ rõ ràng. Examiner rất chú ý đến punctuation.

Lỗi 3: Sử Dụng Run-on Sentence

❌ SAI:

“Living in the city is convenient, on the other hand, it is expensive.”

✅ ĐÚNG:

Option 1: “Living in the city is convenient. On the other hand, it is expensive.”

Option 2: “Living in the city is convenient; on the other hand, it is expensive.” (sử dụng semicolon)

Option 3: “While living in the city is convenient, on the other hand, it is expensive.” (thêm conjunction)

Giải thích:

Đây là lỗi “comma splice” – nối hai independent clauses chỉ bằng comma là SAI. Trong tiếng Anh, hai câu độc lập (có đầy đủ subject + verb) KHÔNG thể nối bằng comma đơn thuần.

Why this is wrong:

• “Living in the city is convenient” = Independent clause (câu hoàn chỉnh)
• “It is expensive” = Independent clause (câu hoàn chỉnh)
• Comma alone cannot join two independent clauses

Solutions:

1. Dùng dấu chấm (period) – Đơn giản và an toàn nhất cho IELTS
2. Dùng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolon) – Formal hơn, phù hợp Writing Task 2
3. Thêm conjunction (While, Although) – Tạo complex sentence

Lưu ý cho học viên Việt Nam:

Trong tiếng Việt, chúng ta thường nối câu bằng dấu phẩy một cách tự do. Tuy nhiên, tiếng Anh có quy tắc punctuation nghiêm ngặt hơn nhiều. Đây là lỗi khiến nhiều bạn mất điểm Grammar trong IELTS Writing.

Lỗi 4: Dùng “On The Other Hand” Cho Ý Không Tương Phản

❌ SAI:

“Technology improves communication. On the other hand, social media is very popular.”

(Hai ý này không tương phản nhau – social media là một phần của technology)

✅ ĐÚNG:

Option 1: “Technology improves communication. On the other hand, it can also create misunderstandings due to lack of non-verbal cues.”

Option 2: “Technology improves communication. Moreover/Furthermore, social media has made global connections easier.”

Giải thích:

“On the other hand” chỉ dùng khi hai ý TƯƠNG PHẢN hoặc ĐỐI LẬP nhau. Nếu hai ý bổ sung hoặc hỗ trợ nhau, phải dùng:

• Moreover (Hơn nữa)
• Furthermore (Thêm vào đó)
• In addition (Thêm nào)
• Additionally (Ngoài ra)

Test để kiểm tra:

Hỏi: “Hai ý có đối lập nhau không?”

• Yes → Dùng “on the other hand”, “however”, “in contrast”
• No → Dùng “moreover”, “furthermore”, “in addition”

More examples:

❌ Wrong usage:

“Studying abroad provides better education. On the other hand, it helps students become independent.”

→ Hai ý đều là advantages, không đối lập

✅ Correct:

“Studying abroad provides better education. Moreover, it helps students become independent.”

✅ Correct contrast:

“Studying abroad provides better education. On the other hand, it can be financially burdensome for many families.”

Lỗi 5: Lạm Dụng “On The Other Hand” Trong Một Bài Viết

❌ SAI (overuse):

“Online shopping is convenient. On the other hand, you cannot try products. On the other hand, delivery takes time. On the other hand, return policies vary.”

✅ ĐÚNG:

“Online shopping is convenient. On the other hand, you cannot try products before purchasing. Moreover, delivery typically takes several days. Furthermore, return policies vary significantly between sellers, which can be frustrating.”

Giải thích:

Sử dụng “on the other hand” quá nhiều lần trong một bài viết sẽ:

• Làm giảm tính đa dạng ngôn ngữ (Lexical Resource)
• Gây repetitive và monotonous
• Không tự nhiên trong academic writing
• Ảnh hưởng điểm Coherence and Cohesion

Best Practice:

• Task 2 (250 words): Sử dụng “on the other hand” TỐI ĐA 1-2 lần
• Kết hợp với các linking phrases khác: however, in contrast, conversely, nevertheless

Example of good variety:

“Urban living offers numerous career opportunities. On the other hand, rural areas provide a more peaceful lifestyle. However, job options in the countryside are limited. Nevertheless, many people are willing to sacrifice career prospects for better quality of life. In contrast, young professionals typically prioritize career development over tranquility.”

→ Uses 5 different contrasting phrases: on the other hand, however, nevertheless, in contrast, over (comparative)

Lưu ý cho Band 8+:

Examiner đánh giá cao việc sử dụng variety of cohesive devices. Nếu bạn lặp lại cùng một linking phrase nhiều lần, điểm Coherence and Cohesion sẽ bị giới hạn ở Band 6-7.

Top 5 Mistakes Vietnamese Learners Make

Summary của các lỗi phổ biến:

1. Missing comma after “hand” (60% học viên mắc lỗi)

   • Nguyên nhân: Ảnh hưởng từ tiếng Việt không có quy tắc dấu câu nghiêm ngặt
   • Fix: Luôn nhớ: “On the other hand, …” (có dấu phẩy)

2. Comma splice / Run-on sentence (45% học viên)

   • Nguyên nhân: Trong tiếng Việt thường nối câu bằng dấu phẩy tự do
   • Fix: Dùng period hoặc semicolon giữa hai independent clauses

3. Using “on the other hand” without contrast (40% học viên)

   • Nguyên nhân: Hiểu nhầm rằng “on the other hand” = “moreover” (thêm nữa)
   • Fix: Chỉ dùng khi hai ý TƯƠNG PHẢN

4. Starting essay with “On the other hand” (35% học viên)

   • Nguyên nhân: Nghĩ rằng bắt buộc phải có “on the one hand” trước
   • Fix: Có thể dùng độc lập, hoặc tránh dùng “on the one hand” trong IELTS

5. Overusing in one essay (30% học viên)

   • Nguyên nhân: Thiếu vocabulary về linking devices
   • Fix: Học và sử dụng variety: however, conversely, in contrast, nevertheless

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Điền Linking Phrase Phù Hợp

Hướng dẫn: Điền “on the other hand”, “moreover”, “however”, hoặc “in contrast” vào chỗ trống. Có thể có nhiều đáp án đúng.

1. Living in a dormitory is economical. _____, it offers limited privacy.

2. Regular exercise improves physical health. _____, it enhances mental well-being.

3. Some students excel in science subjects. _____, others are more talented in arts and humanities.

4. Online learning provides flexibility for working adults. _____, it requires strong self-discipline and motivation.

5. Scandinavian countries have high taxation rates. _____, they provide comprehensive social welfare.

6. Fast food is convenient and affordable. _____, it lacks nutritional value and can harm health.

7. Urban areas offer diverse job opportunities. _____, rural regions provide cleaner air and natural surroundings.

8. Reading books improves vocabulary and imagination. _____, it reduces stress and enhances concentration.

9. Some cultures value individualism and personal freedom. _____, collectivist societies prioritize group harmony.

10. Renewable energy is environmentally sustainable. _____, it currently requires significant initial investment.

Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

Hướng dẫn: Mỗi câu có một lỗi liên quan đến “on the other hand”. Tìm và sửa lỗi.

1. City life is exciting, on the other hand it is very expensive.

2. On the other hand some people prefer living alone for independence.

3. Traditional schools provide structure. On the other hand they also offer social interaction opportunities.

4. Remote work saves commuting time. On the other hand online shopping is very popular.

5. On the one hand, technology connects people globally.

6. Young people adapt quickly to change, on the other hand, elderly people may struggle with new technology.

7. Digital books are portable. On the other hand, in contrast, printed books offer a tactile experience.

8. Some prefer coffee. On the other hand. Others prefer tea.

9. Public transportation is eco-friendly. On the other hand, moreover, it reduces traffic congestion.

10. Studying abroad is expensive. On the other hand. On the other hand, it provides valuable international experience.

Bài Tập 3: Nối Câu Sử Dụng “On The Other Hand”

Hướng dẫn: Nối hai câu thành một câu phức hoặc hai câu đơn sử dụng “on the other hand” đúng cách.

1. Sentence A: City apartments are convenient.
   Sentence B: They lack outdoor space.

   → Your answer: ___

2. Sentence A: Some people believe university education should be free.
   Sentence B: Others argue students should pay for their education.

   → Your answer: ___

3. Sentence A: Working from home offers flexibility.
   Sentence B: It can lead to isolation.

   → Your answer: ___

4. Sentence A: Traditional advertising reaches broad audiences.
   Sentence B: Digital marketing allows precise targeting.

   → Your answer: ___

5. Sentence A: Large companies provide job security and benefits.
   Sentence B: Startups offer innovation opportunities and faster career growth.

   → Your answer: ___

Bài Tập 4: Viết Đoạn Văn (Writing Task 2 Practice)

Hướng dẫn: Viết một đoạn văn body paragraph (khoảng 100-120 từ) cho các topic sau. Sử dụng “on the other hand” ít nhất một lần và ít nhất hai linking phrases khác.

Topic 1:

“Some people think that children should start learning a foreign language at primary school. Others believe it should start at secondary school. Discuss both views.”

Your paragraph discussing the second view (starting at secondary school):

---

Topic 2:

“Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of working from home.”

Your paragraph discussing disadvantages:

---

Topic 3:

“Some people prefer to live in the countryside. Others prefer city life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Your paragraph discussing city life:

---

Bài Tập 5: Speaking Practice (Part 3 Questions)

Hướng dẫn: Trả lời các câu hỏi Speaking Part 3 sau. Sử dụng “on the other hand” hoặc các cụm tương phản khác một cách tự nhiên. Ghi âm câu trả lời của bạn (1-2 phút cho mỗi câu).

1. “What are the differences between traditional and modern education methods?”

2. “Do you think it’s better to work for a large company or a small business?”

3. “How has technology changed the way people communicate? Is this positive or negative?”

4. “Some people think cities are better places to live, while others prefer the countryside. What’s your opinion?”

5. “What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad?”

Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1

1. However / On the other hand (Both correct – contrast between economical and limited privacy)

2. Moreover / Furthermore (Adding another benefit, NOT contrast)

3. On the other hand / In contrast / Conversely (Contrasting two types of students)

4. However / On the other hand (Contrasting advantage with disadvantage)

5. However / On the other hand (Contrasting high tax with benefit received)

6. However / On the other hand (Contrasting convenience with health issue)

7. On the other hand / In contrast / Conversely (Direct contrast between urban and rural)

8. Moreover / Furthermore / Additionally (Adding more benefits, NOT contrast)

9. On the other hand / In contrast / Conversely (Contrasting two cultural values)

10. However / On the other hand (Contrasting sustainability with cost issue)

Giải thích chi tiết:

• Câu 2 và 8: Nhiều học viên sai vì dùng “on the other hand” khi hai ý đều là advantages. Phải dùng “moreover”.
• Câu 3, 7, 9: Có thể dùng cả “on the other hand”, “in contrast”, hoặc “conversely” vì có sự tương phản rõ ràng.
• Câu 6: “However” tự nhiên hơn “on the other hand” trong context này vì câu thứ hai phủ nhận giá trị của câu đầu.

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2

1. ❌ Lỗi: Comma splice
   ✅ Sửa: “City life is exciting. On the other hand, it is very expensive.”
   HOẶC: “City life is exciting; on the other hand, it is very expensive.”

2. ❌ Lỗi: Missing comma after “hand”
   ✅ Sửa: “On the other hand, some people prefer living alone for independence.”

3. ❌ Lỗi: Using “on the other hand” when ideas are NOT contrasting (both are advantages)
   ✅ Sửa: “Traditional schools provide structure. Moreover, they also offer social interaction opportunities.”
   HOẶC: “Traditional schools provide structure. On the other hand, home schooling offers personalized learning.”

4. ❌ Lỗi: No logical contrast (remote work và online shopping không liên quan)
   ✅ Sửa: “Remote work saves commuting time. On the other hand, it can lead to feelings of isolation.”

5. ❌ Lỗi: Incomplete – “On the one hand” without “on the other hand”
   ✅ Sửa: “On the one hand, technology connects people globally. On the other hand, it can create superficial relationships.”
   HOẶC (better): “Technology connects people globally. On the other hand, it can create superficial relationships.”

6. ❌ Lỗi: Comma splice
   ✅ Sửa: “Young people adapt quickly to change. On the other hand, elderly people may struggle with new technology.”

7. ❌ Lỗi: Redundant – using both “on the other hand” AND “in contrast”
   ✅ Sửa: “Digital books are portable. On the other hand, printed books offer a tactile experience.”
   HOẶC: “Digital books are portable. In contrast, printed books offer a tactile experience.”

8. ❌ Lỗi: Period after “hand” should be comma
   ✅ Sửa: “Some prefer coffee. On the other hand, others prefer tea.”

9. ❌ Lỗi: Using both “on the other hand” AND “moreover” (wrong logic – both are benefits)
   ✅ Sửa: “Public transportation is eco-friendly. Moreover, it reduces traffic congestion.”

10. ❌ Lỗi: Repetition – “On the other hand” used twice
    ✅ Sửa: “Studying abroad is expensive. On the other hand, it provides valuable international experience.”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3

1. Suggested answers:

   • “City apartments are convenient. On the other hand, they lack outdoor space.”
   • “While city apartments are convenient, they lack outdoor space.”
   • “City apartments are convenient; on the other hand, they lack outdoor space for children and pets.”

2. Suggested answers:

   • “Some people believe university education should be free. On the other hand, others argue students should pay for their education.”
   • “While some people believe university education should be free, others, on the other hand, argue that students should contribute financially.”

3. Suggested answers:

   • “Working from home offers flexibility. On the other hand, it can lead to isolation and lack of social interaction.”
   • “Working from home offers flexibility in managing schedules. On the other hand, it can lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection from colleagues.”

4. Suggested answers:

   • “Traditional advertising reaches broad audiences. On the other hand, digital marketing allows precise targeting of specific demographics.”
   • “While traditional advertising reaches broad audiences through mass media, digital marketing, on the other hand, allows businesses to target specific customer segments precisely.”

5. Suggested answers:

   • “Large companies provide job security and comprehensive benefits. On the other hand, startups offer innovation opportunities and faster career advancement.”
   • “Large established companies provide job security, structured career paths, and comprehensive benefits. Startups, on the other hand, offer greater innovation opportunities, flexible work environments, and potentially faster career growth, though with less stability.”

Phân tích:

• Đáp án 1: Simple và clear nhất, phù hợp Band 7
• Đáp án 2-5: Progressive complexity, phù hợp Band 7-8
• Các đáp án dài hơn thêm supporting details, tăng coherence

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4

Sample Answer for Topic 1 (Starting foreign language at secondary school):

“Those who advocate delaying foreign language instruction until secondary school present several compelling arguments. Firstly, they contend that primary school children should focus on mastering their mother tongue before introducing additional languages, as early exposure might cause confusion and hinder native language development. On the other hand, proponents of early language learning argue that young children possess superior language acquisition abilities. Furthermore, critics point out that many primary schools lack qualified language teachers and appropriate resources, which could result in poor-quality instruction. This inadequate foundation might actually discourage students from pursuing language learning later. Therefore, waiting until secondary school when students have stronger cognitive abilities and schools have better resources might be more practical and effective.”

Analysis:

• Uses “on the other hand” once to show counter-argument briefly
• Uses “furthermore” for additional point
• Length: ~120 words (appropriate for body paragraph)
• Band: 7-8

Sample Answer for Topic 2 (Disadvantages of working from home):

“Despite its numerous benefits, remote work presents significant challenges that cannot be overlooked. The primary disadvantage is social isolation, as employees miss the spontaneous interactions and collaborative atmosphere of traditional office environments. This lack of face-to-face contact can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from company culture. On the other hand, while office workers enjoy immediate support from colleagues, remote workers must often solve problems independently, which can be frustrating and time-consuming. Furthermore, the blurring of boundaries between professional and personal life frequently results in longer working hours, as employees find it difficult to ‘switch off’ when their home doubles as their workplace. Additionally, technical issues such as unreliable internet connections can disrupt productivity, particularly in regions with poor infrastructure.”

Analysis:

• “On the other hand” used to contrast office vs. remote work experience
• Also uses: Furthermore, Additionally (good variety)
• Length: ~145 words (slightly long but acceptable)
• Band: 8

Sample Answer for Topic 3 (City life advantages):

“Urban areas offer compelling advantages that attract millions of people worldwide. Career opportunities are significantly more abundant in cities, where diverse industries and multinational corporations are concentrated. This professional environment not only provides employment options but also facilitates networking and career advancement. Moreover, cities boast superior infrastructure and public services, including world-class healthcare facilities, prestigious educational institutions, and efficient public transportation systems. On the other hand, while countryside residents may enjoy peace and natural beauty, city dwellers benefit from cultural diversity and endless entertainment options such as museums, theaters, and international restaurants. However, these advantages come at a cost, as urban living typically involves higher expenses and increased stress levels. Nevertheless, for ambitious young professionals, the opportunities outweigh these drawbacks.”

Analysis:

• Uses “on the other hand” to contrast city vs. countryside
• Also uses: Moreover, However, Nevertheless (excellent variety)
• Shows balanced view with “advantages come at a cost”
• Length: ~150 words
• Band: 8-9

Đáp Án Bài Tập 5 (Speaking Sample Responses)

Question 1: Traditional vs. Modern education methods

Sample Band 7-8 Answer:

“Well, that’s an interesting question. Traditional education methods typically emphasize rote learning, memorization, and teacher-centered instruction. Students are expected to absorb information passively and demonstrate their knowledge through standardized tests. On the other hand, modern pedagogical approaches prioritize critical thinking, creativity, and student-centered learning. Technology plays a crucial role, with interactive tools and online resources making education more engaging.

That being said, I don’t think either approach is inherently superior. Traditional methods have proven effective for centuries and provide structure and discipline. Conversely, modern methods better prepare students for the dynamic, technology-driven workplace they’ll enter. Ideally, I believe the most effective education system combines the strengths of both approaches.”

Analysis:

• Uses “on the other hand” naturally
• Also uses “conversely” and “that being said”
• Balanced perspective (important for Band 8+)
• Natural spoken language: “Well”, “I don’t think”, “Ideally, I believe”

Question 2: Large company vs. Small business

Sample Band 8 Answer:

“From my perspective, both options have distinct merits depending on individual priorities and career stage. Large corporations typically offer job security, comprehensive benefits packages, and structured career progression paths. You’re also exposed to professional management systems and have opportunities to work on large-scale projects.

On the flip side, small businesses provide a more dynamic environment where you can wear multiple hats and gain diverse experience quickly. Decision-making is faster, and you often have more direct impact on company success. However, the trade-off is less stability and typically lower salaries initially.

Personally, I think young professionals might benefit more from starting in small companies to develop versatility, then transitioning to larger organizations for stability later in their careers.”

Analysis:

• Uses “on the flip side” (variation of “on the other hand”)
• Natural speaking pattern with personal opinion
• Uses contrast: “However, the trade-off is…”
• Band 8 features: complex ideas, natural discourse markers

Question 3: Technology and communication

Sample Band 8-9 Answer:

“Technology has fundamentally transformed human communication in both positive and concerning ways. On the positive side, it’s broken down geographical barriers – I can video call my relatives overseas instantly, which was unimaginable a generation ago. Social media platforms enable us to maintain connections with hundreds of acquaintances simultaneously.

On the other hand, there’s a darker side to this convenience. Many people, especially younger generations, have become so dependent on digital communication that they’ve lost face-to-face social skills. I’ve noticed people sitting together in restaurants, all staring at their phones rather than conversing. Moreover, the depth of relationships has arguably become more superficial – having 500 Facebook friends doesn’t mean you have 500 genuine friendships.

So to answer your question, I’d say technology is a double-edged sword. It’s expanded our communication reach but potentially diminished its quality. The key is finding balance and using technology mindfully rather than letting it control our interactions.”

Analysis:

• Uses “on the other hand” to transition to negative aspects
• Also uses: “moreover”, “so”, natural discourse markers
• Personal examples and observations (natural in speaking)
• Metaphor: “double-edged sword” (Band 9 feature)
• Concluding statement with personal opinion

Đề Luyện Tập & Chiến Lược Áp Dụng

Speaking Topics

Practice với các topic sau, đảm bảo sử dụng “on the other hand” hoặc cụm tương phản tự nhiên:

Topic 1: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of social media

Strategy:

• Part 2: Mô tả cả positive và negative aspects
• Part 3: So sánh impact trên different age groups
• Use: “On the other hand” khi chuyển từ advantages → disadvantages
• Also practice: however, conversely, in contrast

Topic 2: Compare living in your hometown now versus 20 years ago

Strategy:

• Describe changes: infrastructure, lifestyle, environment
• Use contrast phrases to highlight differences
• Example structure: “Twenty years ago, X was…”, “On the other hand, nowadays…”

Topic 3: Discuss whether money or job satisfaction is more important

Strategy:

• Present both perspectives
• Use “Some people believe…”, “On the other hand, others argue…”
• End with personal opinion using “From my perspective”

Topic 4: Traditional shopping vs. Online shopping

Strategy:

• Compare experience, convenience, costs
• Use multiple contrasting phrases throughout
• Practice flowing naturally between ideas

Topic 5: Working for yourself vs. Working for a company

Strategy:

• Discuss freedom, security, income, work-life balance
• Use “on the other hand” when comparing contrasting aspects
• Support with personal examples or people you know

Writing Topics

Practice Writing Task 2 essays (250+ words) với các đề sau:

Essay Topic 1: Discussion Essay

“Some people think that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others believe that this would have little effect and other measures are needed. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Required structure:

• Introduction: Paraphrase + thesis statement
• Body 1: View 1 (sports facilities) – 3-4 sentences
• Body 2: View 2 (other measures) – Start with “On the other hand,” – 4-5 sentences
• Body 3: Your opinion – 3-4 sentences
• Conclusion: Summarize both views + restate opinion

Target: Use “on the other hand” ONCE when transitioning to Body 2. Use “however,” “moreover,” “furthermore” in other places.

Essay Topic 2: Advantage-Disadvantage

“In many countries, people are now living longer than ever before. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?”

Required structure:

• Introduction: Paraphrase question + outline
• Body 1: Advantages (2-3 main points)
• Body 2: Disadvantages – Begin with “On the other hand,” (2-3 main points)
• Conclusion: Balance both sides

Target: Use “on the other hand” to transition between advantage and disadvantage paragraphs.

Essay Topic 3: Opinion Essay with Counter-argument

“Some people believe that universities should only accept students with high academic abilities, while others think universities should accept students of all abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Required structure:

• Introduction
• Body 1: View you DON’T agree with (counter-argument)
• Body 2: Your view – Use “On the other hand” or “However” to transition
• Body 3: Further support for your view
• Conclusion

Target: Use “on the other hand” when introducing your main argument after presenting counter-argument.

Essay Topic 4: Problem-Solution with Contrast

“Traffic congestion is becoming a huge problem for many major cities. What are the causes of this problem and what solutions can you suggest?”

Required structure:

• Introduction
• Body 1: Causes (2-3 causes)
• Body 2: Solutions – Can use “On the other hand” to contrast ineffective vs. effective solutions
• Conclusion

Target: Use contrast phrases when comparing different solution approaches.

Essay Topic 5: Two-Part Question

“As technology advances, more and more people are working from home. Is this a positive or negative development? What impact does this have on society?”

Required structure:

• Introduction
• Body 1: Positive aspects
• Body 2: Negative aspects – Use “On the other hand”
• Body 3: Impact on society (can discuss both positive and negative)
• Conclusion: Your overall evaluation

Target: Use “on the other hand” when transitioning between positive and negative aspects.

Chiến Lược Tổng Hợp

Để đạt Band 7+ với “On the other hand”:

Speaking:

1. Sử dụng tự nhiên trong Part 3, không gượng ép
2. Kết hợp với variations: “on the flip side,” “then again,” “having said that”
3. Đừng overuse – 1-2 lần trong toàn bộ Part 3 là đủ
4. Practice spontaneous usage với timer (2 minutes per question)

Writing:

1. Use 1-2 times maximum trong toàn bài essay
2. Ưu tiên dùng để connect body paragraphs (giữa BP1 và BP2)
3. Combine với variety of linkers: however, conversely, in contrast, nevertheless
4. Check punctuation carefully: period before, comma after “hand”
5. Ensure real contrast exists between ideas connected

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• ❌ Overusing (more than 2 times in essay)
• ❌ Using without actual contrast
• ❌ Forgetting comma after “hand”
• ❌ Comma splice errors
• ❌ Starting essay with “On the other hand”

Band 8+ Tips:

• Vary your contrasting phrases: conversely, by contrast, in contrast
• Integrate into complex sentences with relative clauses
• Use with sophisticated vocabulary
• Maintain natural flow – don’t force it
• Show nuanced thinking with qualifying statements

Kết Luận

“On the other hand” là một công cụ ngôn ngữ mạnh mẽ giúp bạn diễn đạt sự tương phản và thể hiện tư duy phản biện trong IELTS. Khi sử dụng đúng cách và tự nhiên, cụm từ này có thể nâng cao đáng kể điểm số của bạn trong cả Speaking và Writing.

Những điểm quan trọng cần nhớ:

Về Công Thức:

• Luôn có dấu phẩy sau “hand”: “On the other hand, …”
• Dùng dấu chấm hoặc dấu chấm phẩy trước cụm từ, KHÔNG dùng comma
• Có thể dùng độc lập, không bắt buộc phải có “on the one hand” trước đó

Về Ý Nghĩa:

• Chỉ dùng khi hai ý thực sự TƯƠNG PHẢN nhau
• Không dùng cho các ý bổ sung hoặc hỗ trợ nhau (phải dùng “moreover”, “furthermore”)
• Thể hiện balanced thinking và khách quan

Về Tần Suất:

• Writing Task 2: Tối đa 1-2 lần trong toàn bài 250 từ
• Speaking Part 3: 1-2 lần trong các câu trả lời
• Kết hợp với variations để tạo diversity

Về Variations:

• However (most common, versatile)
• In contrast, By contrast (formal, for clear differences)
• Conversely (very formal, complete opposite)
• On the flip side (less formal, good for speaking)
• Then again, Having said that (natural in speaking)

Để đạt Band 8+:

• Sử dụng variety of contrasting phrases, không lặp lại
• Integrate vào complex sentences với relative clauses, conditionals
• Combine với sophisticated vocabulary
• Maintain natural flow và coherence
• Show nuanced, balanced thinking

Lưu Ý Quan Trọng Cho Học Viên Việt Nam:

Các lỗi phổ biến nhất cần tránh:

1. Quên dấu phẩy sau “hand” (60% học viên)
2. Comma splice errors (45% học viên)
3. Dùng khi không có contrast thực sự (40% học viên)
4. Overuse trong một bài viết (30% học viên)
5. Bắt đầu essay với “on the other hand” (35% học viên)

Lộ Trình Luyện Tập:

Week 1-2: Focus on accuracy

• Practice punctuation rules
• Identify real contrast vs. additional information
• Do gap-fill and error correction exercises

Week 3-4: Practice in context

• Write practice paragraphs for Writing Task 2
• Record yourself speaking with natural usage
• Compare with Band 8-9 samples

Week 5-6: Develop variety

• Learn and practice variations (conversely, in contrast, etc.)
• Mix different contrasting phrases in essays
• Get feedback on naturalness

Week 7-8: Real test conditions

• Write complete essays under time pressure
• Do speaking mock tests
• Self-evaluate using band descriptors

Tài Nguyên Luyện Tập Thêm:

• Cambridge IELTS 14-19: Analyze how “on the other hand” appears in sample answers
• IELTS Writing Task 2 sample essays Band 8-9: Study variety of contrasting phrases
• Youtube IELTS Speaking videos Band 8-9: Notice natural usage in context
• Grammar exercise books: Focus on linking devices and transitions

Final Advice:

Đừng quá lo lắng về việc sử dụng “on the other hand” – nó chỉ là một trong nhiều cohesive devices. Điều quan trọng hơn là:

• Có ý tưởng rõ ràng và logic
• Vocabulary chính xác và đa dạng
• Grammar structures complex và correct
• Ideas well-developed với examples và explanations

“On the other hand” chỉ là công cụ giúp bạn kết nối các ý tưởng tốt một cách mạch lạc. Thành công trong IELTS đến từ sự kết hợp hài hòa của tất cả các yếu tố: Task Response, Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, và Grammatical Range and Accuracy.

Hãy thực hành đều đặn, nhận feedback từ giáo viên hoặc examiner có kinh nghiệm, và quan trọng nhất – đọc và nghe nhiều English content chất lượng cao để phát triển cảm giác ngôn ngữ tự nhiên.

Chúc bạn đạt band score mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới.