Reporting Verbs là một trong những nhóm động từ quan trọng nhất trong kỳ thi IELTS, đặc biệt là ba động từ explain, complain và mention. Các động từ này giúp bạn trình bày thông tin, ý kiến của người khác một cách gián tiếp và học thuật, đặc biệt hữu ích trong Speaking Part 2, Part 3 và Writing Task 2 khi bạn cần tái hiện lại thông tin hoặc quan điểm.
Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 15-19, reporting verbs xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong tất cả các kỹ năng. Việc sử dụng thành thạo các động từ này không chỉ giúp bạn tránh lặp từ “say” hay “tell” mà còn thể hiện vốn từ vựng phong phú và khả năng diễn đạt tinh tế – yếu tố quan trọng để đạt Band 7+.
Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:
Speaking Part 2 (Describe a person):
“My teacher explained to me that consistent practice was the key to improving my English skills.”
→ Phân tích: Subject + explained + to someone + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)
Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“Experts complain that governments are not doing enough to address climate change.”
→ Phân tích: Subject + complain + that-clause (thể hiện sự bất mãn có cơ sở)
Speaking Part 3 (Discussion):
“Research has mentioned several factors contributing to this social phenomenon.”
→ Phân tích: Subject + has mentioned + noun phrase (đề cập thông tin một cách học thuật)
Writing Task 2 (Argument):
“Critics complain about the rising cost of healthcare in developed countries.”
→ Phân tích: Subject + complain + about + noun phrase (phàn nàn về vấn đề cụ thể)
Speaking Part 1 (Personal experience):
“My friend mentioned meeting you at the conference last month.”
→ Phân tích: Subject + mentioned + V-ing (đề cập hành động trong quá khứ)
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:
✅ Định nghĩa và ý nghĩa của ba reporting verbs: explain, complain, mention
✅ Công thức chi tiết với các patterns khác nhau
✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS
✅ 25+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9 với phân tích chi tiết
✅ Các biến thể nâng cao cho Band 8+
✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách tránh
✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết
Reporting Verbs Là Gì?
Định Nghĩa
Reporting Verbs (động từ tường thuật) là nhóm động từ được sử dụng để truyền đạt lại lời nói, ý kiến, suy nghĩ hoặc hành động của người khác. Ba động từ explain, complain và mention thuộc nhóm này với chức năng và cách dùng riêng biệt.
Chức năng chính của từng động từ:
EXPLAIN (giải thích):
- Làm rõ thông tin, lý do, cách thức
- Trình bày một cách logic và chi tiết
- Thể hiện mục đích giúp người nghe hiểu rõ hơn
COMPLAIN (phàn nàn, khiếu nại):
- Bày tỏ sự không hài lòng về một vấn đề
- Chỉ ra điều gì đó gây khó chịu hoặc không đúng
- Thể hiện thái độ phê phán có căn cứ
MENTION (đề cập, nhắc đến):
- Nói ngắn gọn về một chủ đề nào đó
- Đưa ra thông tin không quá chi tiết
- Giới thiệu một ý tưởng trong cuộc trò chuyện
Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:
Speaking:
- Part 2: Kể lại lời khuyên, ý kiến của người khác
- Part 3: Trích dẫn quan điểm chuyên gia, nghiên cứu
- Part 1: Chia sẻ những gì người khác nói với bạn
Writing:
- Task 2: Trình bày quan điểm đối lập, nghiên cứu, ví dụ
- Academic style: Tránh lặp từ “say” quá nhiều
- Paraphrasing: Diễn đạt lại thông tin từ đề bài
Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS
Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 15-19:
Speaking:
-
Part 1: Tần suất trung bình – các câu hỏi về kinh nghiệm cá nhân
- “Has anyone mentioned the benefits of exercise to you?”
- Học viên thường dùng mention khi chia sẻ thông tin ngắn gọn
-
Part 2: Tần suất cao – đặc biệt khi miêu tả người hoặc trải nghiệm
- “Describe someone who explained something to you”
- Explain xuất hiện nhiều trong các đề về giáo viên, người hướng dẫn
-
Part 3: Tần suất rất cao – thảo luận sâu về vấn đề xã hội
- “Many environmentalists complain that governments are not taking sufficient action”
- Complain phù hợp khi nói về vấn đề, tranh luận
Writing:
-
Task 1: Tần suất thấp – ít dùng reporting verbs trong mô tả biểu đồ
- Có thể dùng mention khi tóm tắt xu hướng chính
-
Task 2: Tần suất cao – đặc biệt trong discussion và opinion essays
- Explain: Trình bày lý do, nguyên nhân
- Complain: Đưa ra phản đối, quan điểm phê phán
- Mention: Giới thiệu ý tưởng, thống kê
Listening/Reading:
- Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong academic contexts
- Cần nhận diện để paraphrase trong câu trả lời
- Hiểu sự khác biệt giúp nắm thái độ của người nói/viết
Band Score Impact:
- Band 6: Có thể sử dụng explain, complain, mention nhưng còn nhầm lẫn patterns và giới từ đi kèm
- Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác ba động từ với nhiều patterns khác nhau, ít lỗi ngữ pháp
- Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt, kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức, chọn động từ phù hợp với context, hoàn toàn tự nhiên
Sơ đồ phân loại ba reporting verbs explain complain mention trong IELTS với công thức và ví dụ minh họa
Công Thức & Cấu Trúc
Công Thức Của EXPLAIN
📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 1: S + explain + (to someone) + that-clause │
│ Ví dụ: She explained to me that the project │
│ would take three months. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 2: S + explain + how/why/what/when + clause │
│ Ví dụ: The teacher explained how to solve │
│ the equation. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 3: S + explain + noun/noun phrase │
│ Ví dụ: He explained the reasons for his decision.│
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Thành phần câu chi tiết:
Pattern 1: explain + to someone + that-clause
- Subject: Người giải thích
- explain: Động từ chính (không cần giới từ trước that-clause)
- to someone: Người được giải thích (optional)
- that-clause: Nội dung giải thích (mệnh đề hoàn chỉnh)
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“The doctor explained to the patient that regular exercise would improve his health.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: The doctor (bác sĩ – người giải thích)
- Main verb: explained (động từ tường thuật)
- Indirect object: to the patient (người nhận thông tin)
- That-clause: that regular exercise would improve his health (nội dung giải thích)
- Lưu ý: “that” có thể bỏ trong văn nói: “explained (that) regular exercise…”
Pattern 2: explain + wh-word + clause
- Subject: Người giải thích
- explain: Động từ chính
- wh-word: how/why/what/when/where
- clause/to-infinitive: Nội dung giải thích cụ thể
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“She explained why renewable energy is essential for the future.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: She
- Main verb: explained
- Wh-word: why (hỏi về lý do)
- Noun clause: renewable energy is essential for the future (mệnh đề danh từ)
- Function: Làm tân ngữ trực tiếp cho “explained”
Pattern 3: explain + noun/noun phrase
- Subject: Người giải thích
- explain: Động từ chính
- Direct object: Danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ (vấn đề được giải thích)
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“The manager explained the new company policy in detail.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: The manager
- Main verb: explained
- Direct object: the new company policy (tân ngữ trực tiếp)
- Adverbial: in detail (trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho cách giải thích)
- Không cần giới từ “about” trước tân ngữ
Công Thức Của COMPLAIN
📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 1: S + complain + that-clause │
│ Ví dụ: Customers complained that the service │
│ was too slow. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 2: S + complain + about + noun/V-ing │
│ Ví dụ: Residents complain about the noise │
│ from construction sites. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 3: S + complain + to someone + about something │
│ Ví dụ: She complained to the manager about │
│ the faulty product. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Thành phần câu chi tiết:
Pattern 1: complain + that-clause
- Subject: Người phàn nàn
- complain: Động từ chính
- that-clause: Nội dung phàn nàn (thường là điều tiêu cực)
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“Environmental groups complained that the government was ignoring climate change.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: Environmental groups (chủ ngữ tập thể)
- Main verb: complained (past simple)
- That-clause: that the government was ignoring climate change
- Tense in clause: Past continuous (was ignoring) – hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ
- Attitude: Negative criticism (phê phán tiêu cực)
Pattern 2: complain + about + noun/V-ing
- Subject: Người phàn nàn
- complain: Động từ chính
- about: Giới từ bắt buộc (không được bỏ)
- Object: Danh từ hoặc động từ thêm -ing
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“Students often complain about having too much homework.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: Students
- Adverb: often (trạng từ chỉ tần suất)
- Main verb: complain (present simple – thói quen)
- Preposition: about (bắt buộc)
- Gerund phrase: having too much homework (động danh từ làm tân ngữ của giới từ)
Pattern 3: complain + to someone + about something
- Subject: Người phàn nàn
- complain to: Phàn nàn với ai (người tiếp nhận)
- about: Phàn nàn về vấn đề gì
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“Passengers complained to the airline about the delayed flights.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: Passengers
- Main verb: complained
- Indirect object: to the airline (người nhận khiếu nại)
- Prepositional phrase: about the delayed flights (nội dung khiếu nại)
- Word order: to + person + about + problem (thứ tự cố định)
Công Thức Của MENTION
📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 1: S + mention + that-clause │
│ Ví dụ: He mentioned that he would be late │
│ for the meeting. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 2: S + mention + noun/noun phrase │
│ Ví dụ: She mentioned an interesting article │
│ about AI. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Pattern 3: S + mention + V-ing/having done │
│ Ví dụ: They mentioned visiting Japan last year. │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Thành phần câu chi tiết:
Pattern 1: mention + that-clause
- Subject: Người đề cập
- mention: Động từ chính (đề cập ngắn gọn)
- that-clause: Thông tin được đề cập
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“Research has mentioned that social media affects mental health.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: Research (danh từ không đếm được, số ít)
- Present perfect: has mentioned (nhấn mạnh kết quả nghiên cứu)
- That-clause: that social media affects mental health
- Tense in clause: Simple present (affects) – sự thật chung
- Academic tone: Formal và khách quan
Pattern 2: mention + noun/noun phrase
- Subject: Người đề cập
- mention: Động từ chính
- Direct object: Danh từ (chủ đề được đề cập ngắn gọn)
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“The speaker mentioned several solutions to the traffic problem.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: The speaker
- Main verb: mentioned (past simple)
- Direct object: several solutions (danh từ số nhiều)
- Prepositional phrase: to the traffic problem (bổ nghĩa cho solutions)
- Không dùng “about”: mention + noun directly
Pattern 3: mention + V-ing/having V3
- Subject: Người đề cập
- mention: Động từ chính
- Gerund/Perfect gerund: Hành động được đề cập
Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:
“My colleague mentioned working on a similar project before.”
Phân tích:
- Subject: My colleague
- Main verb: mentioned (past simple)
- Gerund phrase: working on a similar project (làm tân ngữ trực tiếp)
- Time marker: before (trong quá khứ)
- Alternative: mentioned having worked (perfect gerund – nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn thành trước)
So Sánh Patterns Của Ba Động Từ
| Pattern | EXPLAIN | COMPLAIN | MENTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| + that-clause | ✅ explain that… | ✅ complain that… | ✅ mention that… |
| + noun directly | ✅ explain the problem | ❌ (phải có about) | ✅ mention the issue |
| + about + noun | ❌ (không dùng about) | ✅ complain about… | ❌ (không dùng about) |
| + to someone | ✅ explain to sb | ✅ complain to sb | ✅ mention to sb |
| + V-ing | ❌ (dùng how to) | ✅ complain about V-ing | ✅ mention V-ing |
| + wh-clause | ✅ explain why/how… | ❌ (ít dùng) | ❌ (ít dùng) |
Lưu ý quan trọng:
- EXPLAIN không bao giờ dùng với “about” khi có tân ngữ trực tiếp
- COMPLAIN luôn cần “about” trước danh từ/V-ing
- MENTION giống explain, nhận tân ngữ trực tiếp không cần “about”
Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Speaking
Speaking Part 1 – Introduction & Interview
Topic thường gặp: Hobbies, Work/Study, Hometown, Daily routines, Friends
Câu hỏi & trả lời sử dụng EXPLAIN:
Q: “Why do you enjoy your hobby?”
A: “I really enjoy photography because it allows me to be creative. My photography teacher once explained to me that capturing moments helps us appreciate life more fully. She explained how different lighting conditions can completely change the mood of a photograph, which I found fascinating.”
→ Phân tích Band 7+: Sử dụng hai patterns khác nhau của explain (explain to me that + explain how), tạo sự đa dạng trong cấu trúc câu.
Câu hỏi & trả lời sử dụng MENTION:
Q: “Do you discuss your work with friends?”
A: “Yes, occasionally. Last week, my colleague mentioned an interesting project he was working on related to renewable energy. He also mentioned that the company might expand this department next year, which sounds exciting.”
→ Phân tích Band 7: Kết hợp mention + noun phrase và mention + that-clause, thể hiện khả năng sử dụng linh hoạt.
Câu hỏi & trả lời sử dụng COMPLAIN:
Q: “Are there any problems with public transport in your city?”
A: “Yes, definitely. Many commuters complain about the overcrowding during rush hours. People often complain that the buses don’t run frequently enough, especially in the evenings. I’ve personally complained to the transport authority about the lack of air conditioning on some buses.”
→ Phân tích Band 8: Sử dụng đầy đủ ba patterns của complain, thể hiện khả năng ngữ pháp phong phú và tự nhiên.
Speaking Part 2 – Long Turn
Cue card example:
Describe a time when someone explained something to you
You should say:
- Who explained it to you
- What they explained
- How they explained it
- And explain how you felt about this explanation
Sample answer Band 8.0:
“I’d like to talk about a time when my university professor explained a complex economic concept to our class. It was during my second year, and we were studying international trade theory.
The professor explained to us that comparative advantage doesn’t necessarily mean being the best at something, but rather being relatively better. At first, I found this confusing, so after class, I approached him for clarification. He explained how two countries could both benefit from trade even if one country was more efficient at producing everything. He used a simple example of a lawyer and a secretary to explain the concept more clearly.
What impressed me most was the way he explained why this theory matters in real-world economics. He mentioned that many politicians misunderstand this principle, which leads to protectionist policies. He also mentioned several historical examples where countries benefited from free trade.
Initially, I had complained about the difficulty of economic theories, but after his explanation, everything made sense. This experience taught me that complex ideas become manageable when someone explains them in relatable terms. I felt grateful and motivated to study harder.”
→ Phân tích Band 8.0:
- Sử dụng đa dạng 6 reporting verbs patterns
- Kết hợp explain, mention, complain tự nhiên
- Cấu trúc câu phức tạp (relative clauses, subordinate clauses)
- Vocabulary range: comparative advantage, protectionist policies, clarification
- Coherence cao với linking words và thời gian rõ ràng
Speaking Part 3 – Discussion
Topic: Education & Learning Methods
Q: “How has teaching methodology changed over the years?”
Sample answer Band 8.5:
“Teaching methods have evolved dramatically. Educational researchers have explained that traditional lecturing is less effective than interactive learning. They explain why student engagement is crucial – basically, active participation leads to better retention.
However, some traditional teachers complain about the pressure to adopt new technologies. They complain that modern students have shorter attention spans and rely too heavily on digital devices. While these concerns are valid, studies have mentioned that blended learning approaches yield the best results.
If I could explain the ideal approach, I’d say it’s about balance. Teachers should explain concepts clearly using both traditional and modern methods, rather than exclusively favoring one over the other.”
→ Phân tích Band 8.5:
- Opinion rõ ràng với supporting ideas
- Sử dụng Present Perfect với reporting verbs (have explained, have mentioned) – thể hiện nghiên cứu hiện tại
- Cân bằng giữa các quan điểm (researchers vs traditional teachers)
- Academic vocabulary: retention, blended learning, exclusively
Q: “Do you think people complain too much nowadays?”
Sample answer Band 8.0:
“That’s an interesting question. I think the perception that people complain more than before is partly due to social media. People now have platforms to complain about everything publicly, whereas previously complaints were private.
Psychologists have explained that complaining can actually be healthy if it leads to problem-solving. However, they also mention that excessive complaining without action can increase stress levels.
Some sociologists complain that we’re becoming a “complaint culture,” but others explain this phenomenon differently – they say people are simply more aware of their rights and more willing to speak up about injustices. I believe it depends on whether the complaints are constructive or simply negativity.”
→ Phân tích Band 8.0:
- Perspective đa chiều (psychologists, sociologists, personal view)
- Hedging language: partly, can actually be, I believe
- Complex sentences với subordinate clauses
- Vocabulary: phenomenon, constructive, injustices
Cách sử dụng reporting verbs explain complain mention trong ba phần thi IELTS Speaking với ví dụ thực tế
Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS Writing
Writing Task 1 – Academic
Khi nào dùng reporting verbs trong Task 1:
Reporting verbs ít xuất hiện trong Task 1 vì đây là dạng bài mô tả dữ liệu khách quan. Tuy nhiên, mention có thể được dùng trong:
- Overview statement (tóm tắt xu hướng chính)
- Highlighting specific data points
Ví dụ Line Graph:
“The graph illustrates changes in internet usage across three age groups from 2010 to 2024.
Overview: It is worth mentioning that all age groups experienced growth, with the 18-30 demographic showing the most dramatic increase. The data also mentions a significant spike in 2020, likely due to the pandemic.
The 18-30 age group started at 45% in 2010 and rose steadily to 92% by 2024. As mentioned above, this represents more than a doubling of usage. Meanwhile, the 31-50 age group, as mentioned in the graph, increased from 30% to 78%.”
→ Lưu ý: Trong Task 1, chỉ nên dùng mention một cách tiết kiệm. Không dùng explain hay complain vì đây là mô tả khách quan, không có ý kiến cá nhân.
Writing Task 2 – Opinion Essay
Topic: Some people believe that teenagers should focus only on academic subjects, while others think practical skills are equally important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample Body Paragraph Band 8.0:
“Proponents of academic-focused education explain that strong theoretical knowledge forms the foundation for future specialization. They explain why subjects like mathematics and science are crucial – these disciplines develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities that transfer to various careers. Furthermore, universities and employers often mention academic qualifications as primary selection criteria, which explains the emphasis placed on traditional subjects.
However, critics complain that purely academic education leaves students unprepared for real-world challenges. They complain about graduates lacking basic practical skills such as financial management, communication, and teamwork. Career counselors frequently mention that employers are increasingly seeking candidates with both technical knowledge and soft skills. Research studies have explained how practical skills training improves employability rates significantly.”
→ Phân tích Band 8.0:
- Clear topic sentences cho mỗi viewpoint
- Explain dùng để present logical arguments (explain that, explain why)
- Complain dùng để present criticism có cơ sở
- Mention dùng để refer to evidence/research
- Variety of reporting verbs patterns
- Cohesion devices: Furthermore, However
Sample Introduction Band 8.5:
“The debate over educational priorities has intensified in recent years. While some educators explain that academic excellence should be the primary goal of schooling, others complain that this approach neglects essential life skills. This essay will examine both perspectives before explaining why a balanced curriculum serves students’ interests most effectively.”
→ Phân tích: Reporting verbs trong introduction giúp paraphrase đề bài và outline structure một cách học thuật.
Writing Task 2 – Problem/Solution Essay
Topic: Many people complain about rising stress levels in modern society. What are the causes of this problem and what solutions can you suggest?
Sample Body Paragraph Band 8.5:
“Health professionals have explained that the primary causes of increased stress relate to lifestyle changes and work pressures. They explain how technology, while beneficial, creates an “always-on” culture where people feel compelled to respond to messages instantly. Psychologists mention that this constant connectivity prevents mental rest and recovery. Additionally, economists complain about the growing income inequality that forces many individuals to work longer hours just to maintain basic living standards.
To address these issues, experts explain that both individual and societal solutions are necessary. Time management specialists mention techniques such as digital detox periods and mindfulness practices as effective stress reducers. At the policy level, labor unions have complained that work-life balance regulations need strengthening, and they explain why legally mandated rest periods would benefit both employees and productivity. Recent studies mention improved employee wellbeing in countries that have implemented four-day work weeks.”
→ Phân tích Band 8.5:
- Reporting verbs introduce expert opinions (lending authority)
- Mix of tenses: have explained (present perfect), mention (present simple)
- Sources varied: health professionals, psychologists, economists, labor unions
- Solutions linked to causes logically
- Academic register maintained throughout
Writing Task 2 – Discussion Essay
Sample Conclusion Band 8.0:
“In conclusion, while traditionalists explain that classroom learning offers structure and social interaction, and innovators complain about the limitations of physical education spaces, the evidence mentioned throughout this essay suggests a hybrid model is optimal. Both approaches explain different aspects of effective learning, and rather than viewing them as competing alternatives, educators should explain to students how to leverage the advantages of each method. As educational technology continues evolving, it is worth mentioning that future generations will likely not perceive any contradiction between online and offline learning environments.”
→ Phân tích: Conclusion summarizes arguments using reporting verbs, maintains academic tone, và provides forward-looking perspective.
Cấu trúc bài luận IELTS Writing Task 2 sử dụng reporting verbs explain complain mention hiệu quả
Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+
Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác
Reporting Verbs + Passive Voice:
“It has been explained by numerous researchers that climate change poses an existential threat.”
→ Band 8+ features: Passive reporting structure tạo academic tone cao, subject focus chuyển từ researchers sang information.
“Concerns have been raised and complaints have been made about the lack of investment in public healthcare.”
→ Band 8+: Parallel structure với passive forms, formal register.
Reporting Verbs + Perfect Tenses:
“Environmental scientists had explained the risks of deforestation years before the recent disasters occurred.”
→ Band 8+: Past perfect shows sequence of events, cause-effect relationship.
“Studies have mentioned multiple benefits of bilingual education, which has been explained in previous research as cognitive advantages.”
→ Band 8+: Present perfect shows ongoing relevance, relative clause adds complexity.
Reporting Verbs + Modal Verbs:
“Experts explain that governments should implement stricter regulations.”
→ Band 8: Modal of recommendation trong reported speech.
“Critics complain that companies might be prioritizing profits over environmental responsibility.”
→ Band 8+: Modal of speculation shows careful academic language.
“Research has mentioned that early intervention can significantly improve outcomes.”
→ Band 8: Modal of possibility with academic evidence.
Reporting Verbs + Conditional Structures:
“Economists explain that if governments increase taxes, consumer spending will likely decrease.”
→ Band 8+: First conditional trong reported context.
“Critics complain that if current trends continue, income inequality would reach unprecedented levels.”
→ Band 8+: Second conditional showing hypothetical criticism.
Cụm Từ Nâng Cao
Academic collocations with EXPLAIN:
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Band Level |
|---|---|---|
| explain in detail | The report explains in detail how the policy was implemented. | 7+ |
| clearly explain | Researchers clearly explain the methodology used in the study. | 7+ |
| help explain | This theory helps explain why some students outperform others. | 8+ |
| explain away | Politicians cannot simply explain away rising unemployment rates. | 8+ |
| go on to explain | The author goes on to explain the historical context of the phenomenon. | 8+ |
| fail to explain | Critics argue that this model fails to explain recent market behavior. | 8+ |
| attempt to explain | Several theories attempt to explain the causes of this social trend. | 8+ |
Academic collocations with COMPLAIN:
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Band Level |
|---|---|---|
| complain bitterly | Workers complained bitterly about unsafe working conditions. | 7+ |
| repeatedly complain | Residents repeatedly complain about noise pollution from the factory. | 7+ |
| have grounds to complain | Consumers have grounds to complain given the poor service quality. | 8+ |
| complain vociferously | Environmental groups complain vociferously about government inaction. | 8+ |
| legitimately complain | Patients can legitimately complain about long waiting times. | 8+ |
Academic collocations with MENTION:
| Collocation | Ví dụ | Band Level |
|---|---|---|
| briefly mention | The article briefly mentions alternative solutions to the problem. | 7+ |
| worth mentioning | It is worth mentioning that previous studies yielded different results. | 7+ |
| fail to mention | The report fails to mention several important contributing factors. | 8+ |
| as mentioned earlier | As mentioned earlier, socioeconomic factors play a significant role. | 7+ |
| not to mention | Technology improves efficiency, not to mention reducing costs. | 8+ |
| deserve mention | Several other factors deserve mention in this context. | 8+ |
Câu Phức & Ghép Với Reporting Verbs
Tích hợp vào câu phức với subordinate clauses:
“Although experts explain that renewable energy is economically viable, many governments have complained about the high initial investment costs, which they mention as a barrier to rapid transition.”
→ Phân tích Band 8+:
- Concession clause (Although…)
- Two reporting verbs in one sentence (explain, have complained)
- Relative clause (which…)
- Another reporting verb (mention as)
- Shows sophisticated sentence structure
Parallel structure với reporting verbs:
“Educators explain the importance of critical thinking, psychologists mention the value of emotional intelligence, and employers complain about the lack of practical skills among graduates.”
→ Phân tích Band 8+:
- Three parallel clauses with consistent structure
- Different reporting verbs showing different perspectives
- Noun phrases as objects
- Demonstrates advanced grammatical range
Reporting verbs trong complex-compound sentences:
“While traditionalists complain that technology distracts students, and conservatives explain that face-to-face interaction is irreplaceable, progressive educators mention research showing that blended learning actually produces superior outcomes, provided that it is implemented thoughtfully.”
→ Phân tích Band 9:
- Complex-compound structure
- Multiple subordinate clauses
- Three different reporting verbs with distinct meanings
- Conditional clause (provided that)
- Academic hedging (actually)
- Demonstrates exceptional grammatical control
So Sánh Với Các Reporting Verbs Tương Tự
EXPLAIN vs CLARIFY vs ILLUSTRATE
| Tiêu chí | EXPLAIN | CLARIFY | ILLUSTRATE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Công thức | explain + that-clause/noun/wh-clause | clarify + that-clause/noun | illustrate + how/that-clause/noun |
| Ý nghĩa | Giải thích chi tiết, làm rõ why/how | Làm rõ điều gây confusion | Minh họa bằng ví dụ cụ thể |
| Mức độ chi tiết | Chi tiết, comprehensive | Focus vào điểm chưa rõ | Dùng examples để demonstrate |
| Dùng khi | Trình bày logic, lý do, cách thức | Có misunderstanding cần sửa | Cần concrete examples |
| IELTS context | Speaking Part 3, Writing Task 2 | Writing Task 2 (paraphrasing) | Writing Task 2 (examples) |
Ví dụ so sánh:
“The teacher explained the theory of relativity in detail.”
(Giải thích toàn diện lý thuyết)
“The teacher clarified the misconceptions about the theory.”
(Làm rõ những hiểu lầm cụ thể)
“The teacher illustrated the theory using everyday examples.”
(Minh họa bằng ví dụ thực tế)
Khi nào dùng từng động từ:
- Dùng explain khi bạn cần present information systematically với reasons/causes/processes
- Dùng clarify khi correct misunderstandings hoặc make vague information more precise
- Dùng illustrate khi provide specific examples để demonstrate một concept
COMPLAIN vs CRITICIZE vs OBJECT
| Tiêu chí | COMPLAIN | CRITICIZE | OBJECT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Công thức | complain about/that | criticize + noun/for doing | object to + noun/V-ing |
| Ý nghĩa | Phàn nàn (cá nhân, subjective) | Phê bình (có analysis) | Phản đối (formal, strong) |
| Tone | Informal-neutral | Formal, analytical | Formal, forceful |
| Focus | Inconvenience, dissatisfaction | Faults, weaknesses | Disagreement with principle |
| Dùng khi | Express personal grievance | Analyze problems systematically | Formal opposition/refusal |
Ví dụ so sánh:
“Customers complain about the poor service quality.”
(Khách hàng than phiền về dịch vụ – personal experience)
“Experts criticize the company’s customer service policies for being inadequate.”
(Chuyên gia phê bình chính sách – analytical critique)
“Consumer groups object to the company’s pricing strategy.”
(Nhóm người tiêu dùng phản đối chiến lược giá – formal opposition)
Khi nào dùng từng động từ:
- Dùng complain cho personal dissatisfaction, everyday problems (Speaking Part 1, 2)
- Dùng criticize cho analytical assessment, academic contexts (Writing Task 2, Speaking Part 3)
- Dùng object cho formal disagreement, strong opposition (Writing Task 2, formal registers)
MENTION vs REFER TO vs CITE
| Tiêu chí | MENTION | REFER TO | CITE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Công thức | mention + noun/that/V-ing | refer to + noun/as | cite + noun/as evidence |
| Ý nghĩa | Đề cập ngắn gọn | Refer/allude to something | Quote as authority/source |
| Level of detail | Brief, passing reference | More substantial reference | Formal, with attribution |
| Formality | Neutral | Neutral-formal | Very formal, academic |
| Dùng khi | Quick reference | Point to something specific | Academic writing, research |
Ví dụ so sánh:
“The speaker mentioned climate change briefly.”
(Đề cập ngắn gọn)
“The speaker referred to recent climate reports in her presentation.”
(Ám chỉ đến báo cáo cụ thể)
“The speaker cited the 2023 IPCC report as evidence for her argument.”
(Trích dẫn chính thức làm bằng chứng)
Khi nào dùng từng động từ:
- Dùng mention cho casual, brief references (Speaking, informal contexts)
- Dùng refer to khi point to specific sources/things (Writing Task 2, Speaking Part 3)
- Dùng cite trong academic writing khi quote authorities/research (Writing Task 2, formal essays)
So sánh các reporting verbs tương tự explain clarify complain criticize mention trong IELTS
Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa
Lỗi 1: Dùng Sai Giới Từ Với EXPLAIN
❌ SAI:
“The teacher explained about the grammar rules.”
“He explained to me about the problem.”
“Can you explain about this topic?”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“The teacher explained the grammar rules.”
“He explained the problem to me.”
“Can you explain this topic?”
Giải thích:
Đây là lỗi phổ biến nhất của học viên Việt Nam vì trong tiếng Việt chúng ta nói “giải thích về”. Tuy nhiên, trong tiếng Anh, explain nhận tân ngữ trực tiếp mà không cần giới từ “about”.
Quy tắc:
- ✅ explain + noun (direct object)
- ✅ explain + to someone + noun
- ✅ explain + to someone + that-clause
- ❌ explain about + noun
- ❌ explain + someone (không có “to”)
Lưu ý đặc biệt:
“Explain about” chỉ đúng khi “about” là phần của cụm danh từ phía sau:
- ✅ “He explained the facts about climate change.” (about climate change bổ nghĩa cho facts)
- ❌ “He explained about climate change.” (sai)
Bài tập sửa lỗi:
-
❌ “Scientists explain about the causes of global warming.”
✅ “Scientists explain the causes of global warming.” -
❌ “She explained me the solution.”
✅ “She explained the solution to me.”
Lỗi 2: Thiếu ABOUT Với COMPLAIN
❌ SAI:
“People complain the high prices.”
“Students complain the heavy workload.”
“Residents complained the noise.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“People complain about the high prices.”
“Students complain about the heavy workload.”
“Residents complained about the noise.”
Giải thích:
Ngược lại với explain, complain bắt buộc phải có giới từ “about” khi theo sau là danh từ. Học viên Việt Nam thường quên điều này vì muốn apply quy tắc của explain vào complain.
Quy tắc:
- ✅ complain about + noun/V-ing
- ✅ complain that + clause
- ✅ complain to someone + about something
- ❌ complain + noun (directly)
So sánh với tiếng Việt:
- “Phàn nàn về giá cao” = complain about high prices (có “về” = có “about”)
- “Giải thích vấn đề” = explain the problem (không có “về” trong tiếng Việt tự nhiên)
Các trường hợp đặc biệt:
Khi dùng that-clause, không cần about:
- ✅ “They complained that the service was poor.”
- ❌ “They complained about that the service was poor.”
Bài tập sửa lỗi:
-
❌ “Employees complain their low salaries.”
✅ “Employees complain about their low salaries.” -
❌ “He complained about that nobody listened.”
✅ “He complained that nobody listened.”
Lỗi 3: Nhầm Lẫn Thì Trong Reported Speech
❌ SAI:
“He explained that pollution is causing serious problems.” (when talking about past explanation)
“The report mentioned that technology will change education.” (report from 2020, using will)
“She complained that the service is bad.” (complaint was made last week)
✅ ĐÚNG:
“He explained that pollution was causing serious problems.” (past continuous in reported speech)
“The report mentioned that technology would change education.” (would instead of will)
“She complained that the service was bad.” (past tense to match reporting verb)
Giải thích:
Khi reporting verb ở thì quá khứ (explained, mentioned, complained), động từ trong mệnh đề theo sau thường phải lùi thì (backshift). Học viên Việt Nam thường giữ nguyên thì gốc vì trong tiếng Việt không có quy tắc này.
Quy tắc backshift:
- Simple Present → Simple Past
- “is” → “was”
- “does” → “did”
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- “is doing” → “was doing”
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- “has done” → “had done”
- Will → Would
- Can → Could
Ngoại lệ – Không cần backshift khi:
-
Sự thật khoa học, chân lý:
✅ “The teacher explained that water boils at 100°C.”
(không đổi thành “boiled”) -
Sự thật vẫn đúng ở hiện tại:
✅ “He mentioned that he lives in Hanoi.”
(nếu vẫn đang sống ở Hà Nội) -
Reporting verb ở Present Perfect:
✅ “Researchers have explained that climate change is accelerating.”
(không backshift vì “have explained” liên quan hiện tại)
Bài tập sửa lỗi:
-
❌ “She explained that she can’t attend the meeting.” (past context)
✅ “She explained that she couldn’t attend the meeting.” -
❌ “The article mentioned that the population will increase.”
✅ “The article mentioned that the population would increase.”
Lỗi 4: Dùng Sai Pattern Với MENTION
❌ SAI:
“He mentioned about the conference.”
“She mentioned to attend the workshop.”
“They mentioned me their plan.”
✅ ĐÚNG:
“He mentioned the conference.”
“She mentioned attending the workshop.”
“They mentioned their plan to me.”
Giải thích:
Lỗi a) Thêm “about” không cần thiết:
- Mention giống explain, nhận tân ngữ trực tiếp
- ❌ mention about + noun
- ✅ mention + noun
Lỗi b) Dùng to-infinitive thay vì V-ing:
- Sau mention phải dùng gerund (V-ing), không dùng to-infinitive
- ❌ mention to do
- ✅ mention doing / mention having done
Lỗi c) Sai thứ tự với indirect object:
- ❌ mention someone something
- ✅ mention something to someone
Patterns đúng của MENTION:
- mention + noun: “He mentioned the issue.”
- mention + that-clause: “He mentioned that he was busy.”
- mention + V-ing: “He mentioned meeting you.”
- mention + noun + to someone: “He mentioned the plan to me.”
- mention + to someone + that-clause: “He mentioned to me that he was leaving.”
Bài tập sửa lỗi:
-
❌ “The speaker mentioned about three solutions.”
✅ “The speaker mentioned three solutions.” -
❌ “She mentioned to visit Japan next year.”
✅ “She mentioned visiting Japan next year.” -
❌ “He mentioned me an interesting fact.”
✅ “He mentioned an interesting fact to me.”
Lỗi 5: Lẫn Lộn EXPLAIN, COMPLAIN, MENTION
❌ SAI:
“The report complained the benefits of renewable energy.” (muốn nói “đề cập”)
“Experts mention about the dangers of smoking.” (muốn nói “giải thích”)
“The teacher explained that the homework was too difficult.” (muốn nói “phàn nàn”)
✅ ĐÚNG:
“The report mentioned the benefits of renewable energy.”
“Experts explain the dangers of smoking.”
“The teacher complained that the homework was too difficult.”
Giải thích:
Học viên thường chọn sai động từ vì không hiểu rõ sự khác biệt về nghĩa và ngữ cảnh sử dụng.
Hướng dẫn chọn đúng động từ:
Chọn EXPLAIN khi:
- Cần giải thích why/how/what về một vấn đề
- Làm rõ nguyên nhân, lý do, cách thức
- Trình bày logic, chi tiết
- Tone: neutral, informative, educational
Chọn COMPLAIN khi:
- Bày tỏ sự không hài lòng, bất mãn
- Phàn nàn về vấn đề, khó khăn
- Phê phán điều gì đó negative
- Tone: negative, critical, dissatisfied
Chọn MENTION khi:
- Đề cập ngắn gọn, không chi tiết
- Refer to something briefly
- Introduce một topic trong passing
- Tone: neutral, casual, brief
So sánh trong cùng context:
Topic: Traffic problems
- “Experts explain why traffic congestion occurs in big cities.” (phân tích nguyên nhân)
- “Commuters complain about traffic congestion every day.” (phàn nàn)
- “The report mentioned traffic congestion as one of several urban issues.” (đề cập ngắn)
Bài tập nhận diện:
Chọn động từ đúng:
-
“Environmental groups ___ that the government is not taking enough action.”
→ complain (bày tỏ bất mãn) -
“Scientists ___ how climate change affects weather patterns.”
→ explain (giải thích cơ chế) -
“The article briefly ___ several solutions to the problem.”
→ mentioned (đề cập ngắn gọn)
Năm lỗi thường gặp khi sử dụng reporting verbs explain complain mention của học viên Việt Nam
Bài Tập Thực Hành
Bài Tập 1: Điền Động Từ Đúng
Hoàn thành câu với explain, complain, hoặc mention ở dạng đúng:
- The professor __ that the exam would be postponed due to bad weather.
- Customers have been __ about the poor quality of the products recently.
- Could you __ how to use this software? I’m completely confused.
- During the meeting, the manager __ several new policies that would be implemented.
- Local residents __ to the city council about the noise from the construction site.
- The article __ why investing in education yields long-term economic benefits.
- She __ visiting Paris when she was younger, but didn’t provide many details.
- Employees __ that they aren’t receiving adequate training for their roles.
- The guidebook __ the historical significance of the ancient temple.
- Environmental activists __ about the government’s lack of action on climate change.
- Research has __ a strong correlation between exercise and mental health.
- The teacher __ to the students why plagiarism is academically dishonest.
- He briefly __ meeting you at the conference, but I can’t recall the details.
- Workers __ that working conditions in the factory are unsafe.
- Scientists __ the phenomenon through a series of controlled experiments.
Bài Tập 2: Thêm Giới Từ (Nếu Cần)
Thêm giới từ phù hợp vào chỗ trống. Nếu không cần giới từ, ghi “X”:
- The doctor explained me the treatment options available.
- Students complained _____ having too much homework.
- She mentioned _____ her travel plans for next summer.
- Could you explain this concept more detail?
- Residents have complained the mayor the poor road conditions.
- The report mentioned _____ several factors contributing to the problem.
- He explained the reasons his decision.
- People often complain _____ prices rising too quickly.
- During the presentation, she mentioned _____ that research was ongoing.
- The instructor explained us how operate the equipment safely.
Bài Tập 3: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi
Mỗi câu có một hoặc nhiều lỗi. Tìm và sửa lỗi:
- The teacher explained about the importance of time management.
- She mentioned me that she would be late for the meeting.
- Consumers complain the high prices of organic food.
- He explained to me about why the project had failed.
- The article mentioned about several solutions to traffic congestion.
- Students complained that the exam is too difficult. (exam happened last week)
- Research has explained about the benefits of meditation.
- She mentioned to visit Japan during her vacation.
- The manager explained us the new company policies.
- Local people complained about that the factory causes pollution.
Bài Tập 4: Viết Lại Câu
Viết lại câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc:
-
“The service is terrible,” said the customer. (complain)
→ ____ -
“Let me show you how the machine works,” said the technician. (explain)
→ ____ -
“I saw your brother at the mall yesterday,” he said. (mention)
→ ____ -
“The company is not paying fair wages,” workers said. (complain)
→ ____ -
“Technology has changed education dramatically,” the report states. (explain)
→ ____ -
The article briefly refers to environmental concerns. (mention)
→ ____ -
“Why does this problem keep happening?” she wanted to know. (explain)
→ ____ -
Citizens are unhappy about the new tax policy. (complain)
→ ____
Bài Tập 5: IELTS Speaking Practice
Trả lời các câu hỏi sau, sử dụng ít nhất một reporting verb trong mỗi câu trả lời:
-
Part 1: Has anyone explained to you why learning English is important?
Your answer: ___ -
Part 2: Describe a time when you complained about something.
Your answer: ___ -
Part 3: What do people in your country complain about most?
Your answer: ___ -
Part 3: How do teachers explain complex subjects to students?
Your answer: ___
Bài Tập 6: IELTS Writing Task 2
Viết đoạn văn (100-120 từ) về chủ đề sau, sử dụng ít nhất 3 reporting verbs:
Topic: Some people believe that students should only study subjects they enjoy, while others think all subjects should be compulsory. Discuss both views.
Your paragraph: ___
Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Đáp Án Bài Tập 1:
-
mentioned/explained – “The professor mentioned/explained that the exam would be postponed due to bad weather.”
- Mention: nếu thông báo ngắn gọn
- Explain: nếu giải thích lý do chi tiết
-
complaining – “Customers have been complaining about the poor quality of the products recently.”
- Present perfect continuous vì hành động kéo dài đến hiện tại
- Complain about + noun phrase
-
explain – “Could you explain how to use this software?”
- Question form với modal “could”
- Explain + wh-clause (how to…)
-
mentioned – “During the meeting, the manager mentioned several new policies…”
- Mentioned vì chỉ đề cập, không giải thích chi tiết
- Mention + noun phrase directly
-
complained – “Local residents complained to the city council about the noise…”
- Complain to someone about something
- Past simple vì hành động cụ thể trong quá khứ
-
explains – “The article explains why investing in education yields long-term economic benefits.”
- Present simple vì mô tả nội dung article
- Explain + wh-clause (why…)
-
mentioned – “She mentioned visiting Paris when she was younger…”
- Mention + V-ing (gerund)
- “didn’t provide many details” → mention là lựa chọn đúng
-
complain – “Employees complain that they aren’t receiving adequate training…”
- Present simple cho general situation
- Complain + that-clause
-
explains – “The guidebook explains the historical significance…”
- Explain + noun phrase
- Present simple cho nội dung sách
-
complain – “Environmental activists complain about the government’s lack of action…”
- Complain about + noun phrase
- Present simple cho ongoing criticism
-
mentioned – “Research has mentioned a strong correlation…”
- Present perfect cho nghiên cứu hiện tại
- Mention + noun phrase
-
explained – “The teacher explained to the students why plagiarism is academically dishonest.”
- Explain to someone + wh-clause
- Past simple cho hành động cụ thể
-
mentioned – “He briefly mentioned meeting you at the conference…”
- “Briefly” cho thấy mention là đúng
- Mention + V-ing
-
complain – “Workers complain that working conditions in the factory are unsafe.”
- Present simple cho ongoing complaint
- Complain + that-clause
-
explained – “Scientists explained the phenomenon through a series of controlled experiments.”
- Explain + noun (direct object)
- Past simple
Đáp Án Bài Tập 2:
-
to / X – “The doctor explained to me X the treatment options available.”
- Explain to someone + noun (không cần about)
-
about – “Students complained about having too much homework.”
- Complain about + V-ing
-
X – “She mentioned X her travel plans for next summer.”
- Mention + noun directly (không cần about)
-
X / in – “Could you explain X this concept in more detail?”
- Explain + noun directly
- “In detail” là cụm cố định
-
to / about – “Residents have complained to the mayor about the poor road conditions.”
- Complain to someone about something
-
X – “The report mentioned X several factors contributing to the problem.”
- Mention + noun directly
-
X / for – “He explained X the reasons for his decision.”
- Explain + noun
- “Reasons for” là collocation
-
about – “People often complain about prices rising too quickly.”
- Complain about + noun/V-ing
-
X – “During the presentation, she mentioned X that research was ongoing.”
- Mention + that-clause (không cần about)
-
to / to – “The instructor explained to us how to operate the equipment safely.”
- Explain to someone + how to do something
Đáp Án Bài Tập 3:
-
❌ “explained about” → ✅ “explained”
Sửa: “The teacher explained the importance of time management.”
Lý do: Explain không đi với about khi có tân ngữ trực tiếp -
❌ “mentioned me that” → ✅ “mentioned to me that”
Sửa: “She mentioned to me that she would be late for the meeting.”
Lý do: Mention to someone that… (cần giới từ “to”) -
❌ “complain” → ✅ “complain about”
Sửa: “Consumers complain about the high prices of organic food.”
Lý do: Complain bắt buộc phải có about trước noun -
❌ “about why” → ✅ “why” / ❌ “to me about” → ✅ “to me”
Sửa: “He explained to me why the project had failed.”
Lý do: Explain to someone why… (không cần about) -
❌ “mentioned about” → ✅ “mentioned”
Sửa: “The article mentioned several solutions to traffic congestion.”
Lý do: Mention + noun directly -
❌ “is” → ✅ “was”
Sửa: “Students complained that the exam was too difficult.”
Lý do: Backshift – complaint trong quá khứ nên “is” → “was” -
❌ “explained about” → ✅ “explained”
Sửa: “Research has explained the benefits of meditation.”
Lý do: Explain + noun directly -
❌ “to visit” → ✅ “visiting”
Sửa: “She mentioned visiting Japan during her vacation.”
Lý do: Mention + V-ing (không dùng to-infinitive) -
❌ “explained us” → ✅ “explained to us”
Sửa: “The manager explained the new company policies to us.”
Lý do: Explain to someone + noun (cần giới từ “to”) -
❌ “about that” → ✅ “that”
Sửa: “Local people complained that the factory causes pollution.”
Lý do: Complain + that-clause (không có about trước that)
Đáp Án Bài Tập 4:
-
“The customer complained that the service was terrible.”
- Hoặc: “The customer complained about the terrible service.”
-
“The technician explained how the machine works.”
- Hoặc: “The technician explained to me how the machine works.”
-
“He mentioned seeing my brother at the mall yesterday.”
- Hoặc: “He mentioned that he had seen my brother at the mall the day before.”
-
“Workers complained that the company was not paying fair wages.”
- Hoặc: “Workers complained about the company not paying fair wages.”
-
“The report explains how technology has changed education dramatically.”
- Hoặc: “The report explains that technology has changed education dramatically.”
-
“The article mentions environmental concerns briefly.”
- Hoặc: “The article briefly mentions environmental concerns.”
-
“She wanted someone to explain why this problem kept happening.”
- Hoặc: “She asked for an explanation of why this problem kept happening.”
-
“Citizens complain about the new tax policy.”
- Hoặc: “Citizens are complaining that the new tax policy is unfair.”
Đáp Án Bài Tập 5 (Sample Answers Band 7-8):
- Part 1: Has anyone explained to you why learning English is important?
“Yes, my English teacher explained to me that English is the global language of business and academia. She mentioned that speaking English fluently would open up numerous career opportunities. She also explained how English proficiency is essential for accessing international research and information online.”
→ Analysis: Sử dụng cả explain và mention naturally, multiple patterns, clear và relevant.
- Part 2: Describe a time when you complained about something.
“I’d like to talk about a time when I complained about the poor service at a restaurant. Last month, my family and I went to a supposedly high-end restaurant, but we waited over 45 minutes for our food. I politely complained to the manager about the delay and the fact that our order was incorrect. The manager explained that they were short-staffed that evening and apologized. He also mentioned that the restaurant would compensate us with a discount. While I was initially frustrated, I appreciated how professionally he handled my complaint.”
→ Analysis: Full range of complain patterns (complain about, complain to…about), also includes explain and mention for variety, tells complete story with resolution.
- Part 3: What do people in your country complain about most?
“People in Vietnam frequently complain about traffic congestion, especially in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Commuters complain that it takes hours to travel short distances during rush hour. Additionally, many citizens complain about air pollution and rising living costs. Urban planners have explained that rapid urbanization has outpaced infrastructure development, which explains why these problems persist. However, I should mention that the government has been investing in public transportation systems to address these issues.”
→ Analysis: Band 8+ answer với multiple complain patterns, includes explain for balance, mentions solution để show critical thinking, natural flow.
- Part 3: How do teachers explain complex subjects to students?
“Effective teachers typically explain complex subjects by breaking them down into smaller, manageable parts. They explain why each concept matters and how it connects to real-world applications. Good educators also mention examples that students can relate to, making abstract ideas more concrete. In my experience, teachers often explain concepts using visual aids, demonstrations, and hands-on activities. Some teachers also mention that asking students questions helps ensure they understand before moving forward. It’s worth mentioning that the best teachers can explain complicated ideas in simple language without oversimplifying them.”
→ Analysis: Band 8.5 answer – sophisticated vocabulary (breaking down, manageable parts, abstract), multiple explain patterns, personal experience added, meta-cognitive awareness.
Đáp Án Bài Tập 6 (Sample Paragraph Band 8.0):
Topic: Some people believe that students should only study subjects they enjoy, while others think all subjects should be compulsory. Discuss both views.
Sample Body Paragraph:
“Educational psychologists explain that studying subjects students enjoy leads to higher motivation and better academic performance. They mention research showing that intrinsic interest is a powerful driver of learning. However, curriculum specialists complain that this approach leaves critical knowledge gaps. They explain why broad education matters – students may not initially enjoy subjects that later prove valuable in their careers. Teachers frequently mention that many successful professionals attribute their versatility to studying diverse subjects. Critics also complain about students making uninformed choices at young ages when they cannot fully understand future implications. While I acknowledge both perspectives, I believe a balanced approach works best, where core subjects remain compulsory but students have some freedom to explore elective courses aligned with their interests.”
→ Analysis Band 8.0:
- Uses 6 reporting verbs naturally (explain that, mention research, complain that, explain why, mention that, complain about)
- Clear structure: one view → opposing view → personal opinion
- Complex sentences with subordinate clauses
- Academic collocations: intrinsic interest, knowledge gaps, diverse subjects
- Hedging: I acknowledge, I believe
- Cohesion devices: However, While, also
- Word count: 142 words (appropriate length)
- Demonstrates full range of reporting verb patterns
Kết Bài
Như vậy, chúng ta đã đi qua toàn bộ cách sử dụng ba reporting verbs quan trọng: explain, complain và mention trong bối cảnh IELTS. Việc nắm vững các động từ này không chỉ giúp bạn tránh lặp từ “say” hay “tell” mà còn thể hiện được sự tinh tế trong cách diễn đạt – một yếu tố quan trọng để đạt Band 7-9.
Những điểm quan trọng cần nhớ:
Về EXPLAIN:
- Không bao giờ dùng “about” với tân ngữ trực tiếp
- Patterns: explain that/explain how/explain why/explain to someone
- Dùng khi cần giải thích logic, nguyên nhân, cách thức chi tiết
Về COMPLAIN:
- Bắt buộc phải có “about” trước danh từ/V-ing
- Patterns: complain about/complain that/complain to someone about
- Dùng khi bày tỏ sự bất mãn, phê phán có căn cứ
Về MENTION:
- Giống explain, nhận tân ngữ trực tiếp không cần “about”
- Patterns: mention that/mention noun/mention V-ing
- Dùng khi đề cập ngắn gọn, không quá chi tiết
Lỗi thường gặp nhất của học viên Việt Nam:
- Thêm “about” sau explain ❌
- Thiếu “about” sau complain ❌
- Không backshift tense trong reported speech ❌
- Nhầm lẫn giữa ba động từ trong context không phù hợp ❌
- Sai thứ tự với indirect object ❌
Để đạt Band 8+:
- Kết hợp reporting verbs với passive voice, perfect tenses, modal verbs
- Sử dụng academic collocations: clearly explain, complain bitterly, worth mentioning
- Vary sentence structures với relative clauses, subordinate clauses
- Chọn động từ phù hợp với context và tone
Đề Luyện Tập
Speaking Topics:
-
Part 2: Describe a skill that someone explained to you
- Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “explain” với ít nhất 3 patterns khác nhau
- Kết hợp: explain + that/how/why
- Mục tiêu: Demonstrate variety in reporting structures
-
Part 3: What do young people in your country complain about?
- Yêu cầu: Sử dụng “complain” với ít nhất 3 patterns
- Thêm explain để present reasons
- Mục tiêu: Balance between complaint và explanation
-
Part 3: How important is it to explain things clearly in the workplace?
- Yêu cầu: Tích hợp cả explain và mention
- Đưa ra examples cụ thể
- Mục tiêu: Show sophistication in discussing abstract topics
Writing Topics:
-
Task 2 – Opinion Essay:
“Some people believe that companies should not listen to customer complaints, while others think complaints are valuable feedback. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”- Yêu cầu: Sử dụng complain, explain, mention ít nhất 5-6 lần
- Focus: Balance different perspectives
- Vocabulary: customer complaints, valuable feedback, address concerns
-
Task 2 – Discussion Essay:
“Nowadays, many students complain that they learn subjects which are not useful for their future careers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”- Yêu cầu: Complain trong introduction để paraphrase đề bài
- Explain reasons tại sao students complain
- Mention alternative viewpoints
- Mục tiêu: Fully developed argument với reporting verbs
-
Task 2 – Problem/Solution:
“Scientists explain that climate change will have serious consequences, but many people still do not take action. Why is this the case and what can be done?”- Yêu cầu: Explain trong problem paragraph
- Complain về lack of action
- Mention solutions with supporting evidence
- Structure: Problem → Reasons → Solutions
Practice Routine Suggestions:
Week 1: Foundation
- Ngày 1-2: Học thuộc patterns và làm bài tập grammar cơ bản
- Ngày 3-4: Practice Speaking Part 1 questions với reporting verbs
- Ngày 5-6: Viết body paragraphs ngắn (80-100 words)
- Ngày 7: Review và sửa lỗi thường gặp
Week 2: Application
- Ngày 1-3: Speaking Part 2 practice – record và self-evaluate
- Ngày 4-5: Writing full Task 2 essays với focus on reporting verbs
- Ngày 6-7: Speaking Part 3 discussions về current issues
Week 3: Refinement
- Combine với advanced structures (passive, perfect tenses)
- Focus on academic collocations
- Mock test practice với time limits
- Peer feedback hoặc teacher evaluation
Evaluation Checklist:
Sau mỗi practice session, tự đánh giá:
- ✅ Đã dùng đúng patterns? (không có lỗi about/to/that)
- ✅ Backshift tense đúng trong reported speech?
- ✅ Chọn động từ phù hợp với context?
- ✅ Variety – có đủ 3 động từ trong bài nói/viết?
- ✅ Natural flow – không bị forced hay mechanical?
- ✅ Academic tone – phù hợp với IELTS formal register?
Hãy nhớ rằng, việc sử dụng thành thạo reporting verbs không chỉ là vấn đề học thuộc công thức mà cần practice thường xuyên trong context thực tế. Mỗi ngày, hãy cố gắng tìm cơ hội để sử dụng explain, complain, mention trong việc viết journal, thảo luận với bạn học, hoặc tự ghi âm câu trả lời cho IELTS questions.
Chúc các bạn học tập hiệu quả và đạt được band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS!
