Giới thiệu

Chủ đề về vai trò của mạng xã hội trong việc định hình các xu hướng văn hóa đang ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading. Đây là một chủ đề thời sự, phản ánh sự thay đổi mạnh mẽ của xã hội hiện đại dưới tác động của công nghệ số. Từ Cambridge IELTS 12 đến các đề thi gần đây, chủ đề liên quan đến truyền thông xã hội, văn hóa đại chúng và ảnh hưởng công nghệ xuất hiện với tần suất ngày càng cao.

Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages từ dễ đến khó, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng theo đúng format thi thật. Bạn sẽ được luyện tập với các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến như Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác. Mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin trong bài và cách paraphrase.

Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, với độ khó tăng dần giúp bạn làm quen với cấu trúc thi thực tế. Ngoài 40 câu hỏi, bạn còn được trang bị bộ từ vựng quan trọng với phiên âm, nghĩa tiếng Việt và cách sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh, giúp nâng cao vốn từ học thuật cho bài thi Reading và Writing.

Hướng dẫn làm bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Không có thời gian thêm để chuyển đáp án sang answer sheet, vì vậy bạn cần quản lý thời gian chặt chẽ ngay từ đầu.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút
• Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút
• Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút

Passage 1 thường có nội dung dễ hiểu nhất với từ vựng cơ bản và thông tin rõ ràng. Passage 2 có độ phức tạp trung bình với nhiều paraphrase hơn. Passage 3 là khó nhất với nội dung học thuật, từ vựng tinh vi và yêu cầu kỹ năng suy luận cao.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng từ các lựa chọn cho sẵn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng, sai hay không được đề cập
3. Matching Headings – Ghép tiêu đề phù hợp cho các đoạn văn
4. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu với thông tin từ bài đọc
5. Summary Completion – Điền từ vào đoạn tóm tắt
6. Matching Features – Ghép đặc điểm với các đối tượng tương ứng
7. Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn với số từ giới hạn

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Social Media Influencers in Modern Culture

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

In the past two decades, social media has fundamentally transformed how cultural trends emerge and spread across the globe. What once took months or even years to gain traction through traditional media channels can now become viral phenomena within hours. At the heart of this transformation are social media influencers – individuals who have built substantial online followings and wield considerable power over their audiences’ preferences, behaviors, and purchasing decisions.

The concept of influence is not new to human society. Historically, cultural trends were shaped by celebrities, journalists, and other public figures who had access to traditional broadcasting platforms such as television, radio, and print media. However, the democratization of content creation brought about by platforms like Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter has created a new class of cultural tastemakers. These influencers often emerge from ordinary backgrounds, building their followings through consistent content creation, authentic engagement with audiences, and carefully cultivated personal brands.

Research conducted by the Digital Marketing Institute in 2022 revealed that over 70% of teenagers trust influencers’ opinions more than traditional celebrities. This statistic underscores a significant shift in how younger generations consume and interpret cultural content. Unlike traditional celebrities whose fame often derives from achievements in specific fields such as acting, music, or sports, social media influencers derive their authority primarily from their perceived authenticity and relatability. Followers feel a personal connection with influencers who share glimpses of their daily lives, struggles, and successes in ways that seem genuine and unfiltered.

The fashion industry provides a compelling case study of social media’s role in shaping cultural trends. Traditionally dominated by fashion magazines, runway shows, and celebrity endorsements, the industry has seen power shift dramatically toward social media influencers. A single post from a mega-influencer with millions of followers can generate more engagement and sales than a traditional advertising campaign costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. Fast fashion brands, in particular, have capitalized on this phenomenon, often sending free products to influencers in exchange for posts that showcase the items to their followers.

Food culture has similarly been revolutionized by social media. The term “Instagrammable” has entered common vocabulary, referring to food that is visually appealing enough to photograph and share online. Restaurants and cafes now design dishes with social media in mind, knowing that a visually striking meal photographed and shared by the right influencer can lead to queues out the door. Food trends like rainbow bagels, cloud bread, and elaborate milkshakes have achieved international recognition primarily through social media sharing, demonstrating how these platforms can propel niche concepts into mainstream consciousness.

Music consumption and promotion have also undergone radical transformation. Before social media, record labels held near-total control over which artists gained exposure and became successful. Today, platforms like TikTok have become powerful music discovery tools, where unknown artists can achieve fame when their songs become part of viral dance challenges or trending videos. The song “Old Town Road” by Lil Nas X exemplifies this phenomenon – it gained initial popularity through TikTok memes before becoming one of the longest-running number-one hits in Billboard history.

However, social media’s role in shaping cultural trends is not without concerns. Critics argue that the algorithm-driven nature of these platforms creates echo chambers where users are primarily exposed to content that reinforces their existing preferences, potentially limiting cultural diversity rather than expanding it. There are also concerns about authenticity, as the line between genuine recommendations and paid promotions becomes increasingly blurred. Many countries have implemented regulations requiring influencers to clearly disclose sponsored content, though enforcement remains challenging.

Despite these concerns, there is no denying that social media has democratized cultural production in unprecedented ways. Individuals from diverse backgrounds who might never have had access to traditional media platforms can now share their perspectives, talents, and creativity with global audiences. This has led to greater representation of marginalized communities and voices in mainstream cultural conversations. Cultural trends that might have remained localized in the pre-social media era now have the potential to resonate globally, creating a more interconnected and dynamic cultural landscape.

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. According to the passage, what is the main difference between traditional celebrities and social media influencers?

A. Influencers have larger followings than traditional celebrities
B. Influencers are perceived as more authentic and relatable
C. Traditional celebrities are less wealthy than influencers
D. Traditional celebrities do not use social media platforms

2. What percentage of teenagers trust influencers more than traditional celebrities?

A. Over 50%
B. Exactly 60%
C. Over 70%
D. Nearly 90%

3. The term “Instagrammable” refers to:

A. Food that tastes particularly delicious
B. Restaurants that have Instagram accounts
C. Food that is visually appealing for social media photos
D. A type of camera filter used for food photography

4. How did the song “Old Town Road” initially gain popularity?

A. Through traditional radio airplay
B. Through a record label’s marketing campaign
C. Through TikTok memes and videos
D. Through live concert performances

5. What concern do critics have about algorithm-driven social media platforms?

A. They are too expensive for ordinary users
B. They create echo chambers limiting exposure to diverse content
C. They require too much technical knowledge to use
D. They are controlled by government authorities

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. Social media influencers always come from wealthy backgrounds.

7. Fast fashion brands often provide free products to influencers in exchange for promotional posts.

8. Record labels no longer have any influence over which artists become successful.

9. All countries have successfully enforced regulations requiring disclosure of sponsored content.

Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. In the past, cultural trends were shaped by people who had access to ____ such as television and radio.

11. Influencers build their followings through consistent content creation and ____ with their audiences.

12. A post from a mega-influencer can generate more engagement than a traditional advertising campaign costing ____ of dollars.

13. Social media has led to ____ of marginalized communities in mainstream cultural conversations.

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PASSAGE 2 – The Mechanics of Viral Culture: How Social Media Algorithms Shape Trends

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The phenomenon of cultural trends achieving viral status on social media is often perceived as spontaneous and unpredictable, yet beneath this apparent randomness lies a sophisticated ecosystem of algorithms, user behavior patterns, and platform mechanics that systematically influence what becomes popular. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending how social media platforms have become primary arbiters of contemporary cultural relevance, wielding unprecedented influence over collective tastes and behaviors.

At the core of social media’s trend-shaping power are recommendation algorithms – complex mathematical formulas designed to predict and serve content that users are most likely to engage with. These algorithms analyze vast quantities of data including user interactions, viewing duration, engagement rates, and network connections to create personalized content feeds. When a piece of content begins accumulating engagement at an accelerated rate, algorithms amplify its reach by recommending it to progressively larger audiences. This creates a feedback loop where popular content becomes even more visible, explaining how certain trends can achieve explosive growth within remarkably short timeframes.

The architecture of different social media platforms inherently favors specific types of content, thereby shaping the nature of trends that gain prominence. TikTok’s algorithm, for instance, prioritizes video completion rates and replays, incentivizing creators to produce short, highly engaging content with strong hooks in the opening seconds. This structural preference has catalyzed the rise of bite-sized entertainment, quick tutorials, and 15-second dance challenges as dominant cultural formats. Instagram’s evolution from a chronological feed to an algorithm-driven one has similarly privileged certain content types, particularly aesthetically polished images and carousel posts that generate extended viewing time.

Beyond algorithmic mechanics, social media platforms employ various features that facilitate trend propagation. Hashtags serve as organizational tools that aggregate content around specific topics, enabling users to discover and contribute to emerging trends. The “duet” and “stitch” features on TikTok allow users to directly respond to or build upon others’ content, creating collaborative trend ecosystems where ideas evolve and mutate as they spread. Live streaming capabilities enable real-time interaction between creators and audiences, fostering communal experiences that can solidify cultural moments. Each of these features has been deliberately designed to maximize user engagement while simultaneously providing mechanisms through which cultural trends can emerge and proliferate.

The psychology of social media users plays an integral role in determining which trends gain traction. Research in behavioral economics has revealed that humans are inherently social creatures who derive satisfaction from feeling connected to larger communities and participating in shared experiences. Social media trends tap into this psychological need, offering users opportunities to demonstrate their awareness of current cultural moments and signal their membership in particular social groups. The “fear of missing out” (FOMO) – anxiety about being excluded from rewarding experiences others are having – serves as a powerful motivator for trend participation. When users observe their peers engaging with a trend, they experience psychological pressure to participate, amplifying the trend’s momentum.

The concept of “social proof” – the tendency to assume that actions taken by others reflect correct behavior – further accelerates trend adoption. When a cultural phenomenon accumulates visible markers of popularity such as likes, shares, and comments, it signals value to other users, increasing the likelihood they will engage with it. This creates cascading effects where initial engagement begets additional engagement, enabling trends to achieve critical mass and cross over from niche communities into mainstream consciousness. Influencers and celebrities amplify this effect exponentially; their participation in a trend confers legitimacy and dramatically expands its reach to their substantial follower bases.

However, the algorithmic curation of cultural content raises significant questions about authenticity and diversity. Critics argue that optimization for engagement often privileges sensational, polarizing, or emotionally manipulative content over nuanced or informative material. The algorithms’ tendency to recommend content similar to what users have previously engaged with can create “filter bubbles” – insulated information environments where individuals are primarily exposed to perspectives that reinforce their existing beliefs. This phenomenon has profound implications for cultural diversity, potentially narrowing the range of ideas and expressions that achieve widespread visibility.

Moreover, the commercialization of trend participation has introduced new dynamics. Brands and marketers have become increasingly sophisticated at identifying emerging trends and inserting themselves into cultural conversations, sometimes authentically and other times exploitatively. Astroturfing – the practice of creating artificial grassroots movements to promote products or ideas – represents a particularly concerning manifestation of this commercialization. When seemingly organic trends are actually manufactured by marketing teams, it undermines the authentic cultural exchange that makes social media trends genuinely meaningful.

The global reach of social media platforms has created unprecedented opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and fusion. Trends originating in one geographic region can rapidly spread internationally, introducing diverse audiences to cultural practices, aesthetics, and ideas they might never have encountered through traditional media. K-pop’s ascension to global prominence exemplifies this phenomenon, with Korean music, fashion, and beauty trends achieving worldwide influence primarily through social media platforms. However, this globalization of culture also raises concerns about cultural appropriation and the potential homogenization of diverse cultural expressions into algorithmically optimized formats designed to appeal to the broadest possible audiences.

Questions 14-18: Matching Headings

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

List of Headings:
i. The psychological drivers behind trend participation
ii. Cross-cultural implications of global social media trends
iii. How platform design influences content types
iv. The mathematical basis of content recommendation
v. Concerns about manipulation of authentic cultural movements
vi. The role of celebrities in trend amplification
vii. Tools that help trends spread across user networks
viii. Economic factors in social media adoption

14. Paragraph 2 (beginning “At the core of social media’s trend-shaping power…”)

15. Paragraph 3 (beginning “The architecture of different social media platforms…”)

16. Paragraph 4 (beginning “Beyond algorithmic mechanics…”)

17. Paragraph 5 (beginning “The psychology of social media users…”)

18. Paragraph 9 (beginning “The global reach of social media platforms…”)

Questions 19-23: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Social media algorithms analyze user data to create 19. ____ that show content users are likely to engage with. When content gains engagement quickly, it creates a 20. ____ where it reaches even more people. Different platforms favor different content types – TikTok prioritizes video 21. ____, while Instagram prefers polished images. Users participate in trends partly due to 22. ____, the anxiety about missing rewarding experiences. The concept of 23. ____ means people view popular content as valuable, encouraging more engagement.

Questions 24-26: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

24. Algorithmic curation always improves the quality of content users see.

25. Filter bubbles can limit exposure to diverse perspectives.

26. K-pop’s global success was achieved entirely through traditional marketing methods.

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PASSAGE 3 – The Socio-Cultural Ramifications of Algorithm-Mediated Cultural Production

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The ascendancy of social media platforms as primary vectors for cultural dissemination has precipitated a fundamental reconceptualization of how culture is produced, distributed, and consumed in contemporary society. This transformation extends far beyond superficial changes in communication patterns, penetrating deeply into questions of cultural hegemony, authenticity, collective identity, and the socio-political implications of algorithmically mediated cultural experiences. The confluence of technological infrastructure, platform capitalism, and human social behavior has created an unprecedented cultural ecosystem that demands rigorous academic scrutiny and critical examination of its far-reaching consequences.

The epistemological shift inherent in social media’s cultural dominance lies in the reconfiguration of gatekeeping mechanisms. Traditional cultural production was characterized by hierarchical systems wherein institutionally sanctioned arbiters – publishers, record labels, museum curators, film studios – exercised considerable discretionary power over what cultural products achieved public visibility. This system, while often criticized for its exclusionary practices and tendency toward homogenization, nevertheless involved human judgment informed by aesthetic considerations, cultural significance, and editorial principles. The contemporary paradigm has ostensibly democratized cultural production by removing these human gatekeepers, yet has simultaneously introduced a new form of technocratic gatekeeping through algorithms that operate according to engagement optimization rather than cultural or aesthetic merit.

Deze Thuật toán mạng xã hội định hình xu hướng văn hóa trong kỷ nguyên số

This algorithmic curation presents profound implications for cultural diversity and pluralism. Scholars including Eli Pariser have extensively documented the phenomenon of “filter bubbles” – self-reinforcing informational ecosystems wherein users are progressively insulated from disconfirming evidence or alternative perspectives. The recommendation algorithms that govern content distribution on platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram are predicated on maximizing engagement metrics – watch time, likes, shares, comments – which inherently favors content that elicits strong emotional responses or confirms existing predispositions. This structural bias toward engagement optimization can inadvertently privilege sensationalized, polarizing, or cognitively undemanding content while marginalizing nuanced, complex, or intellectually challenging cultural productions.

The commodification of cultural participation through social media platforms represents another critical dimension of this transformation. Platform capitalism has ingeniously monetized human social behavior, transforming users’ cultural productions, social connections, and attention into extractable data that generates advertising revenue. Users simultaneously occupy the roles of content creators, consumers, and products – their engagement feeds the algorithmic systems while their data profiles become commodities sold to advertisers. This triple exploitation is obscured by the platforms’ ostensible provision of “free” services, masking the economic extraction occurring through data harvesting and behavioral prediction.

The psychological ramifications of algorithmically mediated cultural participation merit sustained attention. Research by psychologists and neuroscientists has revealed that social media platforms exploit fundamental aspects of human psychology, deploying variable reward schedules – the same behavioral conditioning mechanism used in slot machines – to maximize user engagement. The dopaminergic response triggered by social validation (likes, comments, shares) creates habit-forming patterns that transcend conscious control. When cultural participation becomes inextricably linked with these neurochemical reward systems, it fundamentally alters the phenomenology of cultural engagement, shifting motivation from intrinsic interest or aesthetic appreciation toward extrinsic validation through quantifiable metrics of popularity.

The question of authenticity in algorithmically curated cultural spaces presents particular philosophical complexities. Cultural anthropologist Grant McCracken argues that social media has created what he terms “staged authenticity” – carefully constructed performances of selfhood and lifestyle that simultaneously claim genuineness while being explicitly designed for maximum algorithmic performance. This paradox is exemplified by influencer culture, where individuals cultivate personas that project accessibility and relatability while maintaining highly commercialized operations with professional photography, brand partnerships, and strategic content planning. The blurring boundaries between authentic self-expression and performative brand building raises fundamental questions about the nature of authenticity in digital cultural spaces.

From a sociological perspective, the homogenizing tendencies of algorithm-driven culture warrant critical examination. While social media ostensibly enables unprecedented cultural diversity by lowering barriers to cultural production and distribution, the operational logic of algorithmic recommendation systems may paradoxically constrain diversity. Algorithms optimize for patterns – they identify content characteristics associated with high engagement and systematically promote similar content. This creates powerful incentive structures encouraging creators to conform to algorithmically favored formats, aesthetics, and styles. The result may be a superficial appearance of diversity masking underlying homogenization, wherein culturally diverse content is reformulated to fit standardized templates that perform well algorithmically.

The political economy of platform-mediated culture introduces concerning power asymmetries. A small number of technology corporations – primarily headquartered in the United States – exercise extraordinary influence over global cultural flows through their ownership and operation of dominant social media platforms. These companies make consequential decisions about content moderation policies, algorithmic parameters, and platform features that shape cultural discourse for billions of users globally, yet remain largely unaccountable to the publics they affect. This concentration of cultural power in private, profit-oriented corporations represents a significant departure from previous media ecosystems and raises urgent questions about cultural sovereignty, democratic governance, and the appropriate regulation of platforms that function as de facto public spheres.

Moreover, the temporal dynamics of social media culture exhibit distinctive characteristics with significant ramifications. The accelerated pace of trend cycles on social media – wherein phenomena achieve viral saturation and subsequent obsolescence within days or weeks – creates an intensified presentism that may undermine sustained cultural engagement. When cultural participation is oriented toward ephemeral trends rather than enduring traditions or carefully developed aesthetic practices, it potentially diminishes opportunities for the contemplative engagement and historical consciousness that characterize richer forms of cultural life. The algorithmic imperative for constant novelty to maintain engagement may be fundamentally incompatible with cultural forms that demand patience, reflection, and gradual appreciation.

Yet it would be reductive to characterize social media’s cultural impact as uniformly deleterious. The platforms have undeniably expanded access to cultural production tools and distribution channels for historically marginalized groups, enabling counterhegemonic narratives and subaltern voices to achieve visibility that would have been unattainable through traditional gatekeeping systems. Social movements including #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and various climate activism campaigns have leveraged social media to mobilize supporters, shape discourse, and challenge dominant narratives in ways that demonstrate the platforms’ potential as tools for democratic cultural politics. The question, then, is not whether social media shapes culture – this is incontrovertible – but rather how societies might harness these technologies’ democratizing potential while mitigating their homogenizing, exploitative, and psychologically manipulative dimensions.

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

27. According to the passage, traditional cultural gatekeepers were:

A. Always fair in their decisions about cultural products
B. Human arbiters who used aesthetic and editorial principles
C. More effective than modern algorithmic systems
D. Primarily focused on maximizing engagement

28. The term “filter bubbles” refers to:

A. Water purification systems used in social media offices
B. Bubbles that appear in videos on social media
C. Information environments that reinforce existing beliefs
D. A type of content moderation technology

29. The passage suggests that platform capitalism treats users as:

A. Only content creators
B. Only consumers of content
C. Simultaneously creators, consumers, and products
D. Primarily sources of feedback for improvement

30. What does “staged authenticity” mean in the context of social media?

A. Authentic performances held on physical stages
B. Content that is completely fake and deceptive
C. Genuine self-expression without any planning
D. Carefully constructed performances that claim genuineness

31. According to the passage, the accelerated pace of social media trend cycles:

A. Always improves cultural engagement
B. Creates intensified presentism that may undermine sustained engagement
C. Has no effect on traditional cultural practices
D. Only affects younger generations of users

Questions 32-36: Matching Features

Match each characteristic with the correct concept.

Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 32-36.

Concepts:
A. Filter bubbles
B. Variable reward schedules
C. Staged authenticity
D. Platform capitalism
E. Algorithmic curation
F. Cultural hegemony
G. Epistemological shift
H. Temporal dynamics

32. Uses the same behavioral conditioning mechanism as slot machines _____

33. Transforms users’ data into commodities sold to advertisers _____

34. Creates self-reinforcing informational ecosystems _____

35. Involves carefully constructed performances claiming genuineness _____

36. Characterized by rapid trend cycles and ephemeral phenomena _____

Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

37. What type of response is triggered by social validation like likes and comments?

38. Which scholar introduced the concept of “filter bubbles”?

39. What do algorithms optimize for instead of cultural or aesthetic merit?

40. Which social movements are mentioned as examples of using social media for democratic cultural politics? (Give ONE example)

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Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. traditional broadcasting platforms
11. authentic engagement
12. hundreds of thousands
13. greater representation

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. iv
15. iii
16. vii
17. i
18. ii
19. personalized content feeds
20. feedback loop
21. completion rates
22. fear of missing out / FOMO
23. social proof
24. NO
25. YES
26. NO

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. B
28. C
29. C
30. D
31. B
32. B
33. D
34. A
35. C
36. H
37. dopaminergic response
38. Eli Pariser
39. engagement optimization

40. BlackLivesMatter / #MeToo (either answer acceptable)

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Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: main difference, traditional celebrities, social media influencers
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-7
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “Unlike traditional celebrities whose fame often derives from achievements in specific fields… social media influencers derive their authority primarily from their perceived authenticity and relatability.” Đây là sự paraphrase của đáp án B. Các đáp án khác không được nhắc đến hoặc sai thông tin.

Câu 2: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: percentage, teenagers, trust influencers
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: Bài đọc ghi rõ “over 70% of teenagers trust influencers’ opinions more than traditional celebrities.” Đây là thông tin trực tiếp không cần paraphrase.

Câu 3: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Instagrammable, refers to
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa “The term ‘Instagrammable’ has entered common vocabulary, referring to food that is visually appealing enough to photograph and share online.” Đây là paraphrase của đáp án C.

Câu 4: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Old Town Road, initially gain popularity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “it gained initial popularity through TikTok memes before becoming one of the longest-running number-one hits.” Rõ ràng TikTok là nguồn phổ biến ban đầu.

Câu 5: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: concern, critics, algorithm-driven platforms
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: Passage nêu “Critics argue that the algorithm-driven nature of these platforms creates echo chambers where users are primarily exposed to content that reinforces their existing preferences, potentially limiting cultural diversity.” Đây là paraphrase của đáp án B.

Câu 6: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: influencers, wealthy backgrounds
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “These influencers often emerge from ordinary backgrounds,” điều này trực tiếp mâu thuẫn với câu khẳng định rằng họ luôn đến từ gia đình giàu có.

Câu 7: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: fast fashion brands, free products, promotional posts
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Passage nói “Fast fashion brands, in particular, have capitalized on this phenomenon, often sending free products to influencers in exchange for posts.” Đây khớp hoàn toàn với câu khẳng định.

Câu 8: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: record labels, no longer, influence
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “Before social media, record labels held near-total control… Today, platforms like TikTok have become powerful music discovery tools,” nhưng không nói rằng các công ty thu âm không còn ảnh hưởng gì. Từ “no longer have any influence” là quá tuyệt đối.

Câu 9: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all countries, successfully enforced, regulations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 6-8
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “Many countries have implemented regulations requiring influencers to clearly disclose sponsored content, though enforcement remains challenging.” Từ “enforcement remains challenging” cho thấy việc thực thi chưa thành công, mâu thuẫn với “successfully enforced.”

Câu 10: traditional broadcasting platforms

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: past, cultural trends, shaped by, access to
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Historically, cultural trends were shaped by celebrities, journalists, and other public figures who had access to traditional broadcasting platforms such as television, radio, and print media.”

Câu 11: authentic engagement

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: build followings, consistent content creation
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “building their followings through consistent content creation, authentic engagement with audiences, and carefully cultivated personal brands.”

Câu 12: hundreds of thousands

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: mega-influencer, more engagement, traditional advertising campaign
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “A single post from a mega-influencer with millions of followers can generate more engagement and sales than a traditional advertising campaign costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.”

Câu 13: greater representation

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: social media, led to, marginalized communities
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “This has led to greater representation of marginalized communities and voices in mainstream cultural conversations.”

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: iv (The mathematical basis of content recommendation)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2
• Giải thích: Đoạn này tập trung vào “recommendation algorithms – complex mathematical formulas” và cách chúng phân tích dữ liệu để đề xuất nội dung. Đây chính là cơ sở toán học của việc đề xuất nội dung.

Câu 15: iii (How platform design influences content types)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3
• Giải thích: Đoạn này giải thích “The architecture of different social media platforms inherently favors specific types of content” và đưa ví dụ về TikTok và Instagram, cho thấy thiết kế nền tảng ảnh hưởng đến loại nội dung.

Câu 16: vii (Tools that help trends spread across user networks)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4
• Giải thích: Đoạn này bàn về “features that facilitate trend propagation” bao gồm hashtags, duet/stitch features, và live streaming – tất cả là công cụ giúp xu hướng lan truyền.

Câu 17: i (The psychological drivers behind trend participation)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5
• Giải thích: Đoạn này tập trung vào “psychology of social media users” và giải thích FOMO, social proof, và các động lực tâm lý khác thúc đẩy việc tham gia xu hướng.

Câu 18: ii (Cross-cultural implications of global social media trends)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9
• Giải thích: Đoạn này bàn về “global reach” của social media, cross-cultural exchange, K-pop’s global prominence, và cultural appropriation – tất cả liên quan đến ảnh hưởng xuyên văn hóa.

Câu 19: personalized content feeds

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “These algorithms analyze vast quantities of data… to create personalized content feeds.”

Câu 20: feedback loop

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “This creates a feedback loop where popular content becomes even more visible.”

Câu 21: completion rates

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “TikTok’s algorithm, for instance, prioritizes video completion rates and replays.”

Câu 22: fear of missing out / FOMO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “The ‘fear of missing out’ (FOMO) – anxiety about being excluded from rewarding experiences others are having – serves as a powerful motivator.”

Câu 23: social proof

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “The concept of ‘social proof’ – the tendency to assume that actions taken by others reflect correct behavior… When a cultural phenomenon accumulates visible markers of popularity… it signals value.”

Câu 24: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói “optimization for engagement often privileges sensational, polarizing, or emotionally manipulative content over nuanced or informative material,” cho thấy algorithmic curation không phải lúc nào cũng cải thiện chất lượng. Điều này trái với quan điểm “always improves.”

Câu 25: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 5-8
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói rõ “filter bubbles” create “insulated information environments where individuals are primarily exposed to perspectives that reinforce their existing beliefs,” và điều này “has profound implications for cultural diversity, potentially narrowing the range of ideas.” Tác giả đồng ý với quan điểm này.

Câu 26: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Passage nói “K-pop’s ascension to global prominence exemplifies this phenomenon, with Korean music, fashion, and beauty trends achieving worldwide influence primarily through social media platforms.” Từ “primarily through social media” mâu thuẫn với “entirely through traditional marketing.”

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-6
• Giải thích: Bài viết mô tả traditional gatekeepers: “This system… involved human judgment informed by aesthetic considerations, cultural significance, and editorial principles.” Đây là paraphrase của đáp án B.

Câu 28: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa filter bubbles là “self-reinforcing informational ecosystems wherein users are progressively insulated from disconfirming evidence or alternative perspectives.” Đây là paraphrase của “information environments that reinforce existing beliefs.”

Câu 29: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “Users simultaneously occupy the roles of content creators, consumers, and products,” khớp chính xác với đáp án C.

Câu 30: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa staged authenticity là “carefully constructed performances of selfhood and lifestyle that simultaneously claim genuineness while being explicitly designed for maximum algorithmic performance.” Đây chính là “carefully constructed performances that claim genuineness.”

Câu 31: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “The accelerated pace of trend cycles on social media… creates an intensified presentism that may undermine sustained cultural engagement,” khớp với đáp án B.

Câu 32: B (Variable reward schedules)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Passage nói “deploying variable reward schedules – the same behavioral conditioning mechanism used in slot machines.”

Câu 33: D (Platform capitalism)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “Platform capitalism has ingeniously monetized human social behavior, transforming users’… data profiles become commodities sold to advertisers.”

Câu 34: A (Filter bubbles)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa filter bubbles là “self-reinforcing informational ecosystems.”

Câu 35: C (Staged authenticity)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Staged authenticity được mô tả là “carefully constructed performances… that simultaneously claim genuineness.”

Câu 36: H (Temporal dynamics)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Temporal dynamics được mô tả với “accelerated pace of trend cycles… wherein phenomena achieve viral saturation and subsequent obsolescence within days or weeks.”

Câu 37: dopaminergic response

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “The dopaminergic response triggered by social validation (likes, comments, shares).”

Câu 38: Eli Pariser

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Scholars including Eli Pariser have extensively documented the phenomenon of ‘filter bubbles’.”

Câu 39: engagement optimization

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 7-9
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “introduced a new form of technocratic gatekeeping through algorithms that operate according to engagement optimization rather than cultural or aesthetic merit.”

Câu 40: #BlackLivesMatter / #MeToo

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Social movements including #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and various climate activism campaigns.”

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Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
fundamentally transformed	adv + v	/ˌfʌndəˈmentəli trænsˈfɔːmd/	biến đổi về cơ bản	“social media has fundamentally transformed how cultural trends emerge”	fundamentally change/alter/reshape
gain traction	v phrase	/ɡeɪn ˈtrækʃən/	trở nên phổ biến, nhận được sự quan tâm	“What once took months to gain traction”	gain momentum/support/acceptance
viral phenomena	adj + n	/ˈvaɪrəl fəˈnɒmɪnə/	hiện tượng lan truyền nhanh	“can now become viral phenomena within hours”	go viral, viral content
wield considerable power	v + adj + n	/wiːld kənˈsɪdərəbl ˈpaʊə/	nắm giữ quyền lực đáng kể	“wield considerable power over their audiences”	wield influence/authority/control
democratization	n	/dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃən/	sự dân chủ hóa	“the democratization of content creation”	democratization of information/media
cultivated	adj	/ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd/	được trau dồi, xây dựng công phu	“carefully cultivated personal brands”	cultivated image/persona/relationship
authentic engagement	adj + n	/ɔːˈθentɪk ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/	sự tương tác chân thực	“authentic engagement with audiences”	genuine engagement, meaningful interaction
derive authority	v + n	/dɪˈraɪv ɔːˈθɒrɪti/	có được uy tín	“derive their authority primarily from”	derive power/legitimacy/credibility
compelling case study	adj + n + n	/kəmˈpelɪŋ keɪs ˈstʌdi/	nghiên cứu điển hình thuyết phục	“provides a compelling case study”	compelling evidence/argument/reason
capitalized on	v phrase	/ˈkæpɪtəlaɪzd ɒn/	tận dụng, khai thác	“have capitalized on this phenomenon”	capitalize on opportunities/advantages
revolutionized	v	/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪzd/	cách mạng hóa	“has been revolutionized by social media”	revolutionize industry/technology/society
mainstream consciousness	adj + n	/ˈmeɪnstriːm ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/	nhận thức đại chúng	“propel niche concepts into mainstream consciousness”	enter mainstream, mainstream culture

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
achieving viral status	v + adj + n	/əˈtʃiːvɪŋ ˈvaɪrəl ˈsteɪtəs/	đạt được trạng thái lan truyền	“trends achieving viral status on social media”	achieve success/prominence/recognition
sophisticated ecosystem	adj + n	/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/	hệ sinh thái phức tạp	“beneath this lies a sophisticated ecosystem”	complex ecosystem, digital ecosystem
systematically influence	adv + v	/ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli ˈɪnfluəns/	ảnh hưởng có hệ thống	“systematically influence what becomes popular”	systematically analyze/examine/control
primary arbiters	adj + n	/ˈpraɪməri ˈɑːbɪtəz/	trọng tài chính, người quyết định chính	“become primary arbiters of contemporary cultural relevance”	final arbiter, arbiter of taste
wield unprecedented influence	v + adj + n	/wiːld ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd ˈɪnfluəns/	nắm giữ ảnh hưởng chưa từng có	“wielding unprecedented influence over collective tastes”	wield power/authority/control
recommendation algorithms	n + n	/ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃən ˈælɡərɪðəmz/	thuật toán đề xuất	“At the core are recommendation algorithms”	search algorithms, sorting algorithms
accumulating engagement	v + n	/əˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪŋ ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/	tích lũy tương tác	“content begins accumulating engagement”	accumulate wealth/experience/knowledge
feedback loop	n + n	/ˈfiːdbæk luːp/	vòng lặp phản hồi	“This creates a feedback loop”	positive feedback loop, negative cycle
inherently favors	adv + v	/ɪnˈhɪərəntli ˈfeɪvəz/	thiên về một cách vốn có	“inherently favors specific types of content”	inherently flawed/biased/difficult
catalyzed the rise	v + n	/ˈkætəlaɪzd ðə raɪz/	xúc tác cho sự nổi lên	“has catalyzed the rise of bite-sized entertainment”	catalyze change/growth/development
facilitate trend propagation	v + n + n	/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt trend ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/	tạo điều kiện cho việc lan truyền xu hướng	“features that facilitate trend propagation”	facilitate communication/learning/understanding
integral role	adj + n	/ˈɪntɪɡrəl rəʊl/	vai trò thiết yếu	“plays an integral role in determining”	play a crucial/vital/key role
derive satisfaction	v + n	/dɪˈraɪv ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/	có được sự hài lòng	“derive satisfaction from feeling connected”	derive pleasure/benefit/meaning
confers legitimacy	v + n	/kənˈfɜːz lɪˈdʒɪtɪməsi/	mang lại tính hợp pháp	“their participation confers legitimacy”	confer status/authority/power
filter bubbles	n + n	/ˈfɪltə ˈbʌblz/	bong bóng bộ lọc (thông tin)	“can create filter bubbles”	information bubble, echo chamber

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
ascendancy	n	/əˈsendənsi/	sự thống trị, vị trí thượng phong	“The ascendancy of social media platforms”	rise to ascendancy, maintain ascendancy
primary vectors	adj + n	/ˈpraɪməri ˈvektəz/	phương tiện chính	“as primary vectors for cultural dissemination”	primary source/means/channel
precipitated	v	/prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/	gây ra, thúc đẩy nhanh	“has precipitated a fundamental reconceptualization”	precipitate crisis/change/conflict
reconceptualization	n	/riːkənˌseptʃuəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/	sự tái khái niệm hóa	“a fundamental reconceptualization of how culture is produced”	conceptual framework, reconceptualize ideas
cultural hegemony	adj + n	/ˈkʌltʃərəl hɪˈɡeməni/	sự thống trị văn hóa	“questions of cultural hegemony, authenticity”	political hegemony, maintain hegemony
confluence	n	/ˈkɒnfluəns/	sự hội tụ	“The confluence of technological infrastructure”	confluence of factors/events/forces
epistemological shift	adj + n	/ɪˌpɪstɪməˈlɒdʒɪkəl ʃɪft/	sự chuyển dịch nhận thức luận	“The epistemological shift inherent in”	paradigm shift, fundamental shift
reconfiguration	n	/ˌriːkənˌfɪɡjəˈreɪʃən/	sự cấu hình lại	“lies in the reconfiguration of gatekeeping mechanisms”	reconfigure system/structure/network
institutionally sanctioned	adv + v	/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəli ˈsæŋkʃənd/	được thể chế công nhận	“institutionally sanctioned arbiters”	officially sanctioned, legally sanctioned
exercised considerable discretionary power	v + adj + adj + n	/ˈeksəsaɪzd kənˈsɪdərəbl dɪˈskreʃənəri ˈpaʊə/	sử dụng quyền định đoạt đáng kể	“exercised considerable discretionary power over”	exercise authority/control/influence
ostensibly democratized	adv + v	/ɒˈstensəbli dɪˈmɒkrətaɪzd/	được dân chủ hóa về mặt biểu hiện	“has ostensibly democratized cultural production”	ostensibly independent/neutral/simple
technocratic gatekeeping	adj + n	/ˌteknəˈkrætɪk ˈɡeɪtkiːpɪŋ/	sự kiểm soát cổng thông tin theo phương thức kỹ trị	“introduced a new form of technocratic gatekeeping”	technocratic approach/elite/management
profound implications	adj + n	/prəˈfaʊnd ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃənz/	tác động sâu sắc	“presents profound implications for cultural diversity”	profound impact/effect/influence
extensively documented	adv + v	/ɪkˈstensɪvli ˈdɒkjʊmentɪd/	ghi chép chi tiết	“have extensively documented the phenomenon”	extensively studied/researched/analyzed
predicated on	v phrase	/ˈpredɪkeɪtɪd ɒn/	dựa trên	“are predicated on maximizing engagement metrics”	predicated upon/on assumptions/beliefs
inadvertently privilege	adv + v	/ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ/	vô tình ưu ái	“can inadvertently privilege sensationalized content”	inadvertently reveal/create/encourage
commodification	n	/kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/	sự hàng hóa hóa	“The commodification of cultural participation”	commodification of culture/labor/nature
ingeniously monetized	adv + v	/ɪnˈdʒiːniəsli ˈmʌnɪtaɪzd/	kiếm tiền một cách tài tình	“has ingeniously monetized human social behavior”	monetize content/data/platform
extractable data	adj + n	/ɪkˈstræktəbl ˈdeɪtə/	dữ liệu có thể khai thác	“transforming… into extractable data”	extract information/value/resources

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Kết bài

Chủ đề về vai trò của mạng xã hội trong việc định hình xu hướng văn hóa không chỉ là một đề tài thời sự mà còn phản ánh sự thay đổi căn bản trong cách chúng ta tạo ra, tiêu thụ và tương tác với văn hóa hiện đại. Qua bộ đề thi hoàn chỉnh này với 3 passages từ dễ đến khó, bạn đã được trải nghiệm một bài thi IELTS Reading thực tế với đầy đủ 40 câu hỏi thuộc 7 dạng khác nhau.

Passage 1 giới thiệu những khái niệm cơ bản về social media influencers và cách họ định hình văn hóa đại chúng. Passage 2 đi sâu vào cơ chế hoạt động của thuật toán và tâm lý người dùng. Passage 3 phân tích những tác động sâu xa về mặt xã hội học và triết học của hiện tượng này. Sự tăng dần về độ khó này phản ánh chính xác cấu trúc của bài thi IELTS Reading thực tế.

Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin và cách paraphrase sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cách làm bài và tránh những sai lầm phổ biến. Bộ từ vựng phong phú với hơn 40 từ và cụm từ quan trọng, kèm phiên âm và ví dụ sử dụng, sẽ là công cụ hữu ích để nâng cao vốn từ học thuật của bạn cho cả bài thi Reading và Writing.

Hãy sử dụng đề thi này như một công cụ luyện tập thực chiến, đặc biệt chú ý đến việc quản lý thời gian và áp dụng các kỹ thuật scanning, skimming phù hợp với từng dạng câu hỏi. Tương tự như cultural influence of social media, chủ đề này đòi hỏi bạn phải nắm vững từ vựng chuyên ngành và khả năng phân tích thông tin phức tạp. Đối với những ai quan tâm đến impact of social media on corporate sustainability initiatives, nội dung này sẽ cung cấp thêm góc nhìn về ảnh hưởng rộng lớn của mạng xã hội trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Nếu bạn đang tìm hiểu thêm về does social media have a positive or negative impact, đề thi này đã trình bày cả hai mặt của vấn đề một cách cân bằng và học thuật. Với sự luyện tập đều đặn và phương pháp đúng đắn, bạn hoàn toàn có thể đạt được band điểm mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới.