Cách Sử Dụng Subjunctive với Suggest và Recommend Trong IELTS – Công Thức & Ví Dụ Band 8.0

Giới Thiệu

Subjunctive với suggest và recommend là một trong những cấu trúc ngữ pháp quan trọng giúp bạn ghi điểm cao trong kỳ thi IELTS. Cấu trúc này thể hiện sự đề xuất, gợi ý một cách trang trọng và chuyên nghiệp, đặc biệt hữu ích trong IELTS Writing Task 2 (Problem-Solution essays) và Speaking Part 3 (khi đưa ra giải pháp hoặc ý kiến).

Theo thống kê từ các đề thi IELTS thực tế, cấu trúc subjunctive với suggest/recommend xuất hiện với tần suất cao trong:

• Speaking: Part 3 (đưa ra giải pháp, ý kiến chuyên sâu)
• Writing Task 2: Problem-Solution essays, Opinion essays (khi đề xuất giải pháp)
• Writing Task 1: Academic reports (đề xuất hành động dựa trên dữ liệu)

Đây là cấu trúc đặc trưng của học viên đạt Band 7.5 trở lên vì nó thể hiện khả năng sử dụng ngữ pháp phức tạp một cách chính xác và tự nhiên.

Ví dụ vận dụng trong IELTS:

Speaking Part 3 (Discussing solutions):
“I would suggest that the government invest more money in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion.”
→ Phân tích: Subject (the government) + base form verb (invest) – không chia động từ theo chủ ngữ số ít

Writing Task 2 (Problem-Solution essay):
“Experts recommend that companies provide flexible working hours to improve employee productivity and work-life balance.”
→ Phân tích: Subject (companies) + base form verb (provide) – sử dụng động từ nguyên thể không “to”

Writing Task 2 (Opinion essay):
“I strongly suggest that schools introduce financial literacy courses as part of the core curriculum.”
→ Phân tích: Subject (schools) + base form verb (introduce) – thể hiện tính trang trọng và chính thức

Speaking Part 3 (Giving recommendations):
“It is essential that the government take immediate action to address climate change before it becomes irreversible.”
→ Phân tích: Subject (the government) + base form verb (take) – dùng “take” thay vì “takes”

Writing Task 2 (Environmental essay):
“Environmental organizations recommend that individuals reduce their plastic consumption and adopt more sustainable lifestyles.”
→ Phân tích: Subject (individuals) + base form verb (reduce) – động từ không thêm “s/es”

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ học:

✅ Định nghĩa và ý nghĩa của cấu trúc subjunctive với suggest/recommend

✅ Công thức chi tiết với thành phần câu và các biến thể

✅ Cách vận dụng vào 4 kỹ năng IELTS với 20+ câu ví dụ Band 7-9

✅ Các động từ khác sử dụng subjunctive và cụm từ nâng cao

✅ Lỗi thường gặp của học viên Việt Nam và cách tránh

✅ Bài tập thực hành có đáp án chi tiết

Subjunctive với Suggest và Recommend Là Gì?

Định Nghĩa

Subjunctive với suggest và recommend là cấu trúc ngữ pháp đặc biệt trong tiếng Anh, trong đó động từ trong mệnh đề phụ (that-clause) luôn ở dạng nguyên thể (base form) không phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ hay thời gian. Đây là hình thức của thức giả định (subjunctive mood) được sử dụng để diễn tả sự đề xuất, gợi ý, yêu cầu hoặc khuyến nghị.

Chức năng chính:

• Đưa ra đề xuất mang tính chuyên nghiệp: Thể hiện sự lịch sự và trang trọng khi gợi ý hành động
• Khuyến nghị giải pháp: Đặc biệt phù hợp với dạng bài Problem-Solution trong IELTS Writing Task 2
• Thể hiện yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh nhẹ nhàng: Tạo sự tinh tế hơn so với câu mệnh lệnh trực tiếp
• Nâng cao điểm Grammar Range & Accuracy: Chứng minh khả năng sử dụng cấu trúc phức tạp đúng ngữ cảnh

Khi nào dùng trong IELTS:

• Speaking Part 3: Khi giám khảo hỏi về giải pháp cho vấn đề xã hội (What should the government do…? How can we solve…?)
• Writing Task 2: Trong đoạn Body đưa ra giải pháp hoặc đoạn Conclusion đề xuất hành động
• Writing Task 1 Academic: Khi viết reports có phần recommendation dựa trên dữ liệu
• Formal contexts: Bất kỳ tình huống nào yêu cầu ngôn ngữ trang trọng, chuyên nghiệp

Tần Suất Xuất Hiện Trong IELTS

Theo phân tích từ Cambridge IELTS 10-19:

Speaking:

• Part 1: Ít xuất hiện (5%) – thường không đủ formal cho ngữ cảnh này
• Part 2: Trung bình (20%) – có thể dùng khi mô tả lời khuyên được nhận
• Part 3: Rất cao (60%) – đặc biệt trong các câu hỏi về solutions, recommendations, government policies

Ví dụ câu hỏi Part 3:

• “What measures should governments take to reduce pollution?”
• “How can schools improve the quality of education?”
• “What do you suggest to solve the traffic problem?”

Writing:

• Task 1: Trung bình (30%) – chủ yếu trong Academic reports có phần đề xuất
• Task 2: Rất cao (70%) – thiết yếu cho Problem-Solution essays, thường xuyên trong Opinion essays

Essay types sử dụng nhiều:

• Problem-Solution essays (95%)
• Advantages-Disadvantages với recommendations (60%)
• Opinion essays khi đề xuất giải pháp (50%)

Listening/Reading:

• Xuất hiện thường xuyên trong academic contexts, formal reports, recommendations
• Cần nhận diện để hiểu chính xác hành động được đề xuất vs. hành động thực tế
• Thường gặp trong Section 4 của Listening (academic lectures)

Band Score Impact:

• Band 6: Có thể sử dụng cấu trúc cơ bản nhưng thường mắc lỗi chia động từ (suggests that he goes thay vì go)
• Band 7: Sử dụng chính xác trong nhiều contexts, hiểu được sự khác biệt giữa subjunctive và indicative
• Band 8-9: Sử dụng linh hoạt với các biến thể (passive subjunctive, negative subjunctive), kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức tạp, không mắc lỗi

Công thức cấu trúc Subjunctive với Suggest và Recommend trong IELTS Writing và Speaking

Công Thức & Cấu Trúc

Công Thức Cơ Bản

📌 CÔNG THỨC CHÍNH:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Subject + suggest/recommend + that + Subject + V (base) │
│                                                         │
│ Ví dụ: I suggest that he study harder for the exam.    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Thành phần câu:

• Subject (Chủ ngữ): Người hoặc tổ chức đưa ra đề xuất/khuyến nghị (I, experts, the government, doctors, etc.)
• Suggest/Recommend: Động từ chính thể hiện hành động đề xuất (có thể chia theo thì nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến động từ trong that-clause)
• That: Liên từ nối (có thể lược bỏ trong văn nói nhưng nên giữ trong Writing)
• Subject (Chủ ngữ mệnh đề phụ): Người/vật được đề xuất thực hiện hành động
• Base Verb (Động từ nguyên thể): Động từ KHÔNG chia theo chủ ngữ, KHÔNG thêm s/es/ed, KHÔNG dùng will

Ví dụ phân tích chi tiết:

Câu: “The doctor recommends that she take the medicine twice a day.”

Phân tích:

• Subject: The doctor (chủ ngữ chính – người đưa ra khuyến nghị)
• Main verb: recommends (động từ chính – chia theo thì hiện tại đơn)
• Conjunction: that (liên từ)
• Subject (that-clause): she (chủ ngữ mệnh đề phụ – số ít, ngôi thứ 3)
• Subjunctive verb: take (động từ ở dạng nguyên thể – KHÔNG phải “takes”)
• Object: the medicine (tân ngữ)
• Frequency: twice a day (trạng ngữ tần suất)

LƯU Ý QUAN TRỌNG: Dù chủ ngữ trong that-clause là “she” (ngôi thứ 3 số ít), động từ vẫn là “take” chứ KHÔNG phải “takes”. Đây chính là đặc điểm của subjunctive mood.

Các Biến Thể

1. Dạng khẳng định (Affirmative):

Subject + suggest/recommend + that + Subject + base verb + (object/complement)

Ví dụ:

• “I suggest that the government invest in renewable energy.”
• “Experts recommend that students practice speaking English daily.”
• “The committee suggests that the company change its marketing strategy.”

2. Dạng phủ định (Negative):

Subject + suggest/recommend + that + Subject + not + base verb

Ví dụ:

• “I suggest that he not waste time on social media.”
• “Doctors recommend that patients not eat fatty foods before the surgery.”
• “The teacher suggests that students not submit their assignments late.”

LƯU Ý: Dùng “not” trước động từ nguyên thể, KHÔNG dùng “doesn’t/don’t”

❌ SAI: “I suggest that he doesn’t go there.”
✅ ĐÚNG: “I suggest that he not go there.”

3. Dạng bị động (Passive Subjunctive):

Subject + suggest/recommend + that + Subject + be + past participle

Ví dụ:

• “The manager suggests that the report be submitted by Friday.”
• “Environmentalists recommend that plastic bags be banned in all supermarkets.”
• “I suggest that the meeting be postponed until next week.”

4. Dạng với It is + adjective (Impersonal Structure):

It is + adjective/noun + that + Subject + base verb

Các tính từ thường dùng: essential, vital, crucial, important, necessary, imperative, urgent, recommended, suggested

Ví dụ:

• “It is essential that every student attend the orientation.”
• “It is crucial that the company reduce its carbon footprint.”
• “It is vital that governments take action against climate change.”

5. Dạng với danh từ (Noun form):

Subject + make + suggestion/recommendation + that + Subject + base verb

Ví dụ:

• “The board made a suggestion that the CEO resign from his position.”
• “She made a recommendation that all employees receive proper training.”

Các Động Từ Khác SửỤng Subjunctive

Ngoài suggest và recommend, các động từ sau cũng sử dụng cấu trúc subjunctive tương tự:

Động từ	Ý nghĩa	Ví dụ IELTS
demand	yêu cầu	“Workers demand that the company increase their salaries.”
propose	đề xuất	“The mayor proposes that the city build more parks.”
request	yêu cầu	“I request that you submit the documents on time.”
insist	nhấn mạnh	“Parents insist that children study hard at school.”
require	đòi hỏi	“The law requires that drivers wear seatbelts.”
urge	thúc giục	“Scientists urge that nations reduce carbon emissions immediately.”
advise	khuyên nhủ	“Doctors advise that people exercise regularly.”

Signal Words & Phrases

Các từ/cụm từ thường đi kèm với subjunctive:

Signal Words	Ý nghĩa	Ví dụ trong IELTS
strongly suggest	đề xuất mạnh mẽ	“I strongly suggest that schools implement anti-bullying programs.”
highly recommend	khuyến nghị cao	“Experts highly recommend that individuals invest in their education.”
would suggest	xin đề xuất (lịch sự)	“I would suggest that the government allocate more funds to healthcare.”
it is advisable that	nên làm	“It is advisable that travelers purchase insurance before trips.”
it is imperative that	bắt buộc phải	“It is imperative that we address global warming now.”
it is recommended that	được khuyến nghị	“It is recommended that students read extensively to improve vocabulary.”

Cách Vận Dụng Vào IELTS

Speaking

Part 1 – Introduction & Interview:

Subjunctive ít xuất hiện trong Part 1 vì các câu hỏi thường về bản thân, không yêu cầu đề xuất formal. Tuy nhiên, bạn có thể dùng khi nói về lời khuyên đã nhận:

Ví dụ câu hỏi & trả lời:

Q: “Did anyone give you advice about learning English?”

A: “Yes, my teacher suggested that I watch English movies without subtitles to improve my listening skills. She also recommended that I practice speaking with native speakers whenever possible.”

→ Phân tích: Sử dụng subjunctive để tường thuật lời khuyên một cách trang trọng, thể hiện Grammar Range cho Band 7+.

Part 2 – Long Turn:

Trong Part 2, bạn có thể sử dụng subjunctive khi mô tả lời khuyên, đề xuất trong câu chuyện:

Cue card example:
“Describe a piece of advice you received”

Sample answer (Band 8):
“I’d like to talk about some valuable advice I received from my mentor when I was considering changing my career path. He strongly suggested that I not make hasty decisions and that I carefully evaluate all the pros and cons first. He also recommended that I speak with professionals in the field I was interested in before making the final choice. His advice was that I take at least three months to research thoroughly. Looking back, I’m glad I followed his recommendations because it helped me make a well-informed decision…”

→ Phân tích Band 8 features:

• Sử dụng nhiều biến thể: affirmative (that I speak), negative (that I not make)
• Kết hợp với các cấu trúc khác: “before making”, “Looking back”
• Vocabulary range: hasty decisions, evaluate, pros and cons, well-informed
• Natural flow: không bị gượng ép khi sử dụng subjunctive

Part 3 – Discussion:

Đây là phần sử dụng subjunctive nhiều nhất trong Speaking. Các câu hỏi thường yêu cầu đề xuất giải pháp:

Example 1:
Q: “What should governments do to reduce air pollution in cities?”

A (Band 7): “I would suggest that governments invest heavily in public transportation systems. It’s essential that they make buses and trains more convenient and affordable so that people choose them over private cars. I also recommend that cities implement stricter emission standards for vehicles and that companies be encouraged to allow employees to work from home.”

→ Band 7 features: Đa dạng cấu trúc (suggest that, essential that, recommend that), sử dụng passive subjunctive (be encouraged)

Example 2:
Q: “How can schools improve the quality of education?”

A (Band 8+): “There are several measures schools could take. First and foremost, I strongly suggest that educational institutions reduce class sizes to ensure more personalized attention. It’s also crucial that teachers receive continuous professional development and that they be given the resources and autonomy to innovate in their teaching methods. Furthermore, I would recommend that schools not focus solely on academic achievement but also nurture students’ creativity and critical thinking skills.”

→ Band 8+ features:

• Complex discourse markers: First and foremost, Furthermore
• Variety of subjunctive verbs: suggest, crucial that, recommend
• Negative subjunctive: that schools not focus
• Passive subjunctive: that they be given
• Advanced vocabulary: personalized attention, autonomy, nurture

Example 3:
Q: “What can individuals do to protect the environment?”

A (Band 8.5): “While governmental policies are important, individual actions are equally vital. I would strongly recommend that people adopt a more sustainable lifestyle by reducing their consumption of single-use plastics. It’s imperative that we all become more conscious of our carbon footprint and that each person take responsibility for their environmental impact. I also suggest that individuals not wait for others to act but rather lead by example in their communities.”

Writing Task 1

Academic Reports – Khi nào dùng:

Trong Writing Task 1 Academic, subjunctive được sử dụng chủ yếu trong:

• Phần kết luận có đề xuất hành động
• Reports về trends có recommendations
• Process diagrams khi đề xuất cải tiến

Lưu ý: Task 1 chủ yếu mô tả dữ liệu, nên subjunctive ít xuất hiện hơn Task 2. Chỉ dùng khi đề bài yêu cầu recommendations hoặc trong câu kết luận đề xuất.

Ví dụ:

Topic: The graph shows the increase in obesity rates from 2000 to 2020.

Sample conclusion with subjunctive:
“In conclusion, the data clearly indicates a worrying upward trend in obesity across all age groups. Based on these findings, it is recommended that health authorities implement comprehensive prevention programs and that governments introduce policies to promote healthier eating habits among the population.”

→ Vận dụng: Sử dụng impersonal structure (it is recommended that) để đưa ra đề xuất dựa trên dữ liệu một cách khách quan và chuyên nghiệp.

General Training Task 1:

Trong thư formal (complaint, request), subjunctive rất phù hợp:

Example (Letter of complaint):
“I strongly suggest that your company investigate this matter thoroughly and that I be refunded the full amount. I also request that you ensure such incidents not occur in the future.”

Writing Task 2

Essay types sử dụng subjunctive nhiều nhất:

1. Problem-Solution Essay

Đây là dạng bài sử dụng subjunctive nhiều nhất vì yêu cầu đưa ra giải pháp.

Topic: “Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem in many cities. What are the causes and what solutions can you suggest?”

Body Paragraph 2 (Solutions) – Band 8 Sample:

“To address this pressing issue, I would suggest that governments take a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, it is essential that urban planners develop more efficient public transportation networks. I strongly recommend that cities invest in metro systems and dedicated bus lanes to make public transport a more attractive alternative to private vehicles. Additionally, I propose that authorities implement congestion pricing in city centers, as this has proven effective in cities like London and Singapore. It is also crucial that companies be encouraged to offer flexible working arrangements, allowing employees to work remotely or during off-peak hours. Finally, I suggest that governments not simply build more roads, as research shows this often leads to increased traffic rather than reduced congestion.”

Phân tích Band 8 features:

• Variety of subjunctive structures: suggest that, essential that, recommend that, propose that, crucial that
• Different forms: affirmative, passive (be encouraged), negative (not simply build)
• Complex sentences: kết hợp với as-clauses, allowing participial phrases
• Strong cohesion: Firstly, Additionally, Finally
• Advanced vocabulary: multi-faceted approach, congestion pricing, off-peak hours
• Supporting evidence: references to real examples (London, Singapore)

2. Opinion Essay (với recommendations)

Topic: “Some people believe that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others think there are better alternative ways. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Sample paragraph (presenting alternative solutions) – Band 8.5:

“In my view, rather than simply extending prison terms, it is imperative that society address the root causes of criminal behavior. I strongly recommend that governments invest substantially in education and job training programs for at-risk youth, as prevention is invariably more effective than punishment. Furthermore, I suggest that the justice system focus on rehabilitation rather than retribution, and that offenders be given opportunities to reintegrate into society through community service and skills development. It is also essential that mental health services be made readily available, given that many crimes are committed by individuals suffering from untreated psychological conditions. Most importantly, I propose that we not treat all criminals uniformly but rather develop tailored approaches based on the nature and severity of offenses.”

Advanced features:

• Sophisticated vocabulary: root causes, invariably, retribution, reintegrate, tailored approaches
• Complex argumentation: contrast với “rather than”, supporting với “given that”
• Range of subjunctive patterns: imperative that, recommend that, suggest that, essential that, propose that
• Passive subjunctive: be given, be made
• Negative subjunctive: that we not treat

Ví dụ sử dụng Subjunctive trong IELTS Writing Task 2 Problem Solution Essay

3. Advantages-Disadvantages Essay (với recommendations)

Topic: “More and more people are working from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?”

Conclusion with recommendations – Band 7.5:

“In conclusion, while remote work offers significant benefits in terms of flexibility and cost savings, it also presents challenges related to isolation and productivity. To maximize the advantages while mitigating the drawbacks, I suggest that companies adopt a hybrid model and that employees be given the freedom to choose their working arrangements. It is also advisable that organizations invest in digital collaboration tools and that managers receive training in supervising remote teams effectively.”

4. Discussion Essay (với personal recommendations)

Topic: “Some people think that schools should teach children how to be good parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”

Body paragraph with recommendations – Band 8:

“I firmly believe that parenting education should be incorporated into school curricula. However, I recommend that such courses not be mandatory but rather offered as electives for interested students. It is essential that the content be practical and age-appropriate, focusing on topics like child development, communication skills, and financial planning. I also suggest that schools invite experienced parents and child psychologists to contribute to these programs, ensuring that students receive well-rounded perspectives. Furthermore, it is crucial that these courses not promote a single parenting philosophy but rather expose students to diverse approaches and cultural practices.”

Sample Paragraphs Band 7-9

Band 7 Sample – Environmental Topic

Topic: Solutions to plastic pollution

“Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental challenges of our time. To tackle this problem effectively, I suggest that governments introduce comprehensive recycling programs in all communities. It is important that these programs be easy to access and that citizens receive clear information about how to separate their waste properly. I also recommend that manufacturers reduce their use of plastic packaging and that they be required to use biodegradable alternatives wherever possible. On an individual level, I suggest that people not purchase single-use plastic items and instead invest in reusable products. While these measures may seem small, their cumulative impact could be substantial if adopted widely.”

Phân tích Band 7:

• Grammar accuracy: Sử dụng subjunctive chính xác với suggest, recommend
• Variety: Có passive subjunctive (be required), negative form (not purchase)
• Cohesion: Clear paragraphing với topic sentence, supporting ideas, conclusion
• Vocabulary: environmental challenges, biodegradable, cumulative impact
• Minor limitation: Có thể thêm nhiều cấu trúc phức tạp hơn để đạt Band 8

Band 8 Sample – Education Topic

Topic: How to improve critical thinking in education

“The cultivation of critical thinking skills has become increasingly vital in our information-saturated age. To address this educational priority, I strongly propose that curricula be redesigned to emphasize analytical reasoning over rote memorization. It is imperative that students be exposed to diverse perspectives and that they learn to evaluate arguments critically rather than accept information passively. I would further recommend that teachers employ Socratic methods, encouraging students to question assumptions and construct their own understanding. Additionally, it is essential that assessment methods be modified to test deeper comprehension rather than mere recall of facts. I also suggest that schools not compartmentalize subjects rigidly but rather adopt interdisciplinary approaches that mirror real-world complexity. Research from leading educational institutions demonstrates that such pedagogical shifts yield significant improvements in students’ cognitive abilities.”

Phân tích Band 8:

• Complex subjunctive usage: Nhiều dạng khác nhau được tích hợp tự nhiên
• Advanced vocabulary: cultivation, information-saturated, analytical reasoning, rote memorization, Socratic methods, pedagogical shifts
• Sophisticated structures: Kết hợp với participial phrases (encouraging students), infinitives (to test)
• Evidence-based: References to research để support claims
• Cohesion devices: Additionally, Furthermore, rather than
• Natural flow: Subjunctive được sử dụng không gượng ép

Band 9 Sample – Technology & Society

Topic: Managing artificial intelligence development

“As artificial intelligence rapidly permeates every facet of modern life, the imperative for thoughtful governance has never been more acute. I contend that it is essential that regulatory frameworks be established proactively rather than reactively, and that these frameworks strike a delicate balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding societal interests. Specifically, I recommend that governments mandate transparency in AI algorithms, particularly those employed in critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. It is crucial that tech companies be required to conduct rigorous impact assessments before deploying AI systems that could affect vulnerable populations. Furthermore, I strongly suggest that international bodies develop harmonized ethical guidelines and that nations not pursue AI development in isolation, as the ramifications transcend borders. I also propose that substantial resources be allocated to AI safety research and that this field be elevated to the same priority level as AI capability development. Most fundamentally, I insist that we not allow economic imperatives to override ethical considerations, and that society maintain meaningful human agency in domains where algorithmic decision-making could undermine human dignity or autonomy.”

Phân tích Band 9:

• Exceptional range: Extensive use of varied subjunctive structures demonstrating complete mastery
• Sophisticated lexical resource: permeates, proactively vs. reactively, safeguarding, ramifications transcend borders, algorithmic decision-making
• Complex ideas: Nuanced arguments về balance between innovation và regulation
• Advanced grammar: Combinations của subjunctive với other complex structures
• Coherence: Logical progression từ general principles đến specific recommendations
• Natural style: Academic tone with personal voice, không mechanical
• Critical thinking: Demonstrates depth of analysis về multifaceted issue

Nâng Cao – Cách Dùng Để Đạt Band 8+

Kết Hợp Với Các Cấu Trúc Khác

Để đạt Band 8+, bạn cần sử dụng subjunctive không đơn lẻ mà kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức tạp khác:

Subjunctive + Relative Clause

Formula: Subject + suggest/recommend + that + Subject + base verb + relative clause

Example Band 8:
“I suggest that the government implement policies which encourage sustainable practices across all industries.”

Example Band 8.5:
“Experts recommend that companies adopt flexible working arrangements that not only improve employee well-being but also reduce their carbon footprint through decreased commuting.”

→ Band 8+ features: Kết hợp subjunctive với non-defining relative clause và parallel structure (not only…but also)

Subjunctive + Conditional

Formula: If + condition, Subject + suggest + that + Subject + base verb

Example Band 8:
“If we want to address climate change effectively, I strongly suggest that nations commit to more ambitious emission reduction targets and that they be held accountable through international mechanisms.”

Example Band 9:
“Given the accelerating pace of technological change, it is imperative that educational systems be fundamentally reimagined, lest we prepare students for a world that no longer exists.”

→ Band 9 features: Sử dụng “lest” (literary conditional) kết hợp với subjunctive

Subjunctive + Passive Voice (Advanced Forms)

Example Band 8:
“I recommend that comprehensive environmental impact assessments be conducted before any major infrastructure project is approved, and that the findings be made publicly accessible to ensure transparency.”

Example Band 8.5:
“It is crucial that AI systems be subjected to rigorous testing and that their decision-making processes be auditable by independent experts, particularly when deployed in high-stakes contexts.”

→ Band 8+ features: Double passive subjunctive trong compound structure

Subjunctive + Participial Phrases

Example Band 8:
“I suggest that governments invest in renewable energy, thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels and creating green jobs simultaneously.”

Example Band 8.5:
“Researchers recommend that individuals incorporate regular exercise into their daily routines, starting with modest goals and gradually increasing intensity to ensure sustainable habit formation.”

→ Advanced features: Subjunctive + present participle clause showing consequence/manner

Cụm Từ Nâng Cao

Academic collocations với subjunctive cho IELTS Band 8-9:

Collocation	Ví dụ	Band Level	Context
strongly advocate that	“I strongly advocate that educational institutions embrace technology.”	8+	Opinion essays
it is imperative that	“It is imperative that we address inequality before it destabilizes society.”	8+	Problem-solution
deem it essential that	“Experts deem it essential that children be exposed to diverse cultures.”	8.5+	Academic discussion
it is incumbent upon…that	“It is incumbent upon governments that they prioritize public health.”	9	Formal argumentation
categorically recommend that	“Health organizations categorically recommend that people not consume…”	8+	Strong recommendations
tentatively suggest that	“Research tentatively suggests that bilingualism enhance cognitive flexibility.”	8+	Cautious claims
unequivocally propose that	“I unequivocally propose that corruption be addressed through transparency.”	8.5+	Emphatic statements

Các Động Từ Nâng Cao Thay Thế Suggest/Recommend

Để tránh lặp từ và tăng Lexical Resource:

Thay thế	Ý nghĩa	Ví dụ Band 8+
advocate	ủng hộ mạnh mẽ	“Child psychologists advocate that parents limit screen time for young children.”
stipulate	quy định cụ thể	“New regulations stipulate that companies report their emissions annually.”
mandate	bắt buộc	“International agreements mandate that nations reduce plastic waste by 50%.”
prescribe	đưa ra phương án cụ thể	“Economic theory prescribes that governments intervene during recessions.”
counsel	khuyên nhủ (formal)	“Financial advisors counsel that investors diversify their portfolios.”

Câu Phức & Ghép Với Subjunctive

Tích hợp vào câu phức để tăng Grammar Range:

Pattern 1: Concession + Subjunctive

Example Band 8:
“Although some argue that technology isolates people, I would suggest that it be harnessed to strengthen communities rather than dismissed entirely, provided that we use it mindfully.”

Analysis: Combines although-clause, subjunctive, passive voice, và conditional clause

Pattern 2: Cause + Subjunctive + Result

Example Band 8.5:
“Given that climate change poses an existential threat, it is imperative that governments take immediate action, failing which, future generations will face catastrophic consequences.”

Analysis: Formal cause (Given that), subjunctive, consequence clause với literary “failing which”

Pattern 3: Multiple Subjunctive Clauses với Parallelism

Example Band 9:
“To create truly inclusive societies, I propose that educational institutions not merely tolerate diversity but actively celebrate it, that workplaces be designed to accommodate various needs and abilities, and that media representations reflect the full spectrum of human experience.”

Analysis: Three parallel subjunctive clauses với sophisticated vocabulary và nuanced ideas

Pattern 4: Embedded Subjunctive

Example Band 9:
“The prevailing consensus among economists is that it is essential that central banks maintain their independence and that their decisions be insulated from short-term political pressures, a principle that has proven vital for economic stability.”

Analysis: Subjunctive embedded within noun clause, combined với relative clause và appositive

So Sánh Với Cấu Trúc Tương Tự

Subjunctive vs. Should

Trong tiếng Anh hiện đại, đặc biệt là British English, người ta thường dùng “should” thay vì subjunctive. Tuy nhiên, trong IELTS, cả hai đều đúng và có sự khác biệt về mức độ formal:

Tiêu chí	Subjunctive (Base Form)	Should Structure
Công thức	suggest that + S + base verb	suggest that + S + should + base verb
Ý nghĩa	giống nhau – đều diễn tả đề xuất	giống nhau – đều diễn tả đề xuất
Formality	Rất formal, academic (American style)	Formal nhưng ít hơn (British style)
Dùng khi	IELTS Writing Task 2, academic contexts	IELTS Speaking, cả Writing đều được
Band impact	Band 8-9 (sophisticated)	Band 7+ (standard correct form)
Ví dụ	“I suggest that he study harder.”	“I suggest that he should study harder.”

Khi nào dùng cấu trúc nào:

Sử dụng Subjunctive (không should) khi:

• Writing Task 2 formal essay – để thể hiện academic style
• Muốn tạo ấn tượng với examiner về Grammar Range (Band 8-9)
• Kết hợp với các cấu trúc phức tạp khác
• Trong passive voice (be + past participle)

Ví dụ: “It is essential that the policy be implemented immediately.”
(Dùng “should be implemented” kém formal hơn)

Sử dụng Should khi:

• Speaking (tự nhiên hơn trong giao tiếp)
• Muốn chắc chắn tránh lỗi (should dễ dùng hơn)
• British English preference
• Informal recommendations

Ví dụ Speaking: “I think the government should invest more in education.”
(Tự nhiên hơn là “I think it essential that the government invest…”)

Có thể dùng cả hai:

• Trong Writing Task 2, cả hai đều grammatically correct
• Examiners chấp nhận cả hai forms
• Điểm khác biệt: subjunctive shows higher level of grammatical sophistication

Lưu ý quan trọng: Trong IELTS, KHÔNG bao giờ dùng cả hai cùng lúc:
❌ SAI: “I suggest that he should go.” (redundant trong American English)
✅ ĐÚNG: “I suggest that he go.” (subjunctive)
✅ ĐÚNG: “I suggest he should go.” (British English – thường bỏ “that”)

Subjunctive vs. Indicative Mood

Tiêu chí	Subjunctive	Indicative
Công thức	suggest that + S + base verb	say/think/believe that + S + verb (chia bình thường)
Mục đích	Đề xuất, yêu cầu hành động chưa xảy ra	Phát biểu sự thật, ý kiến về điều đã/đang xảy ra
Động từ	KHÔNG chia theo chủ ngữ	Chia theo chủ ngữ và thì
Ví dụ	“I suggest that she take the test.”	“I think that she takes the test seriously.”

Phân biệt:

• “I suggest that he go there.” (subjunctive – đề xuất hành động)
• “I think that he goes there often.” (indicative – nói về thói quen)

Recommend vs. Suggest – Sự Khác Biệt Tinh Tế

Tuy cả hai đều dùng subjunctive, có sự khác biệt nhỏ về ngữ nghĩa:

Aspect	Recommend	Suggest
Strength	Mạnh hơn – dựa trên kinh nghiệm/chuyên môn	Nhẹ hơn – ý kiến cá nhân
Context	Professional advice, expert opinion	General proposals, ideas
Example	“Doctors recommend that patients take this medication.” (based on medical knowledge)	“I suggest that we meet tomorrow.” (personal preference)

Trong IELTS Writing:

• Dùng recommend khi cite expert opinions, research findings
• Dùng suggest khi present personal ideas, proposals

Lỗi Thường Gặp & Cách Sửa

Lỗi 1: Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ

Đây là lỗi phổ biến NHẤT của học viên Việt Nam vì trong tiếng Việt không có sự phân biệt này.

❌ SAI:
“I suggest that he goes to the doctor immediately.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I suggest that he go to the doctor immediately.”

Giải thích:
Trong subjunctive, động từ LUÔN ở dạng nguyên thể (base form), không thêm s/es dù chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít (he, she, it). Đây là quy tắc bắt buộc, không có ngoại lệ.

Lưu ý:

• ❌ “The teacher recommends that she studies harder.”
• ✅ “The teacher recommends that she study harder.”
• ❌ “I suggest that the company invests more.”
• ✅ “I suggest that the company invest more.”

Cách nhớ: Hãy nghĩ subjunctive giống như infinitive không “to” – luôn là dạng gốc của động từ.

Lỗi 2: Dùng sai dạng phủ định

❌ SAI:
“I suggest that he doesn’t go there.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I suggest that he not go there.”

Giải thích:
Trong subjunctive phủ định, chúng ta dùng “not” trước động từ nguyên thể, KHÔNG dùng doesn’t/don’t/didn’t. Cấu trúc phủ định là: that + S + not + base verb

Các ví dụ đúng:

• “I recommend that students not waste time on social media.”
• “The doctor suggests that she not eat before the surgery.”
• “Experts advise that we not ignore early warning signs.”

So sánh với Should (nếu dùng):

• ✅ “I suggest that he should not go there.” (đúng với should)
• ✅ “I suggest that he not go there.” (đúng với subjunctive)
• ❌ “I suggest that he shouldn’t go there.” (cần dùng should not, không contracted)

Lỗi 3: Sử dụng “to” trước động từ

❌ SAI:
“I recommend that she to take the course.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I recommend that she take the course.”

Giải thích:
Sau “that” trong cấu trúc subjunctive, động từ ở dạng bare infinitive (nguyên thể không “to”), không phải to-infinitive. Đây là lỗi phổ biến vì học viên nhầm lẫn với cấu trúc: recommend + someone + to do something.

So sánh hai cấu trúc:

• ✅ “I recommend her to take the course.” (không có “that”)
• ✅ “I recommend that she take the course.” (có “that”, không có “to”)
• ❌ “I recommend that her to take the course.” (SAI cả hai)

Các ví dụ đúng:

• “I suggest that you be more careful.” (không phải “to be”)
• “They recommend that he apply for the scholarship.” (không phải “to apply”)

Lỗi 4: Nhầm lẫn giữa Subjunctive và Should

❌ SAI (Redundant):
“I suggest that he should go there.” (trong formal American English)

✅ ĐÚNG:

• “I suggest that he go there.” (subjunctive – formal)
• “I suggest he should go there.” (British English – thường bỏ “that”)

Giải thích:
Mặc dù “should” có thể dùng trong British English, việc dùng cả “that” và “should” cùng lúc được xem là redundant trong formal American academic writing. Trong IELTS Writing Task 2, nên chọn một trong hai:

Option 1 – Pure Subjunctive (Band 8-9 preferred):
“I suggest that governments invest in renewable energy.”

Option 2 – Should structure (Band 7+ acceptable):
“I suggest governments should invest in renewable energy.”

Lưu ý quan trọng:

• Trong Speaking: dùng should tự nhiên hơn
• Trong Writing Task 2: pure subjunctive shows higher sophistication
• CẢ HAI đều grammatically correct và accepted by IELTS examiners

Lỗi 5: Dùng sai thì với động từ chính (suggest/recommend)

❌ SAI:
“Yesterday, I suggest that he went to the doctor.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“Yesterday, I suggested that he go to the doctor.”

Giải thích:

• Động từ chính (suggest/recommend) CÓ THỂ chia theo thì (present, past, present perfect, etc.)
• Nhưng động từ trong that-clause LUÔN là base form, không đổi theo thì của động từ chính

Các ví dụ đúng theo thì:

Present Simple:
“I suggest that she take the exam next month.”

Past Simple:
“Last week, the doctor recommended that he reduce his sugar intake.”

Present Perfect:
“The committee has suggested that the policy be revised.”

Future:
“Tomorrow, I will recommend that the board approve this proposal.”

Modal:
“You should suggest that they attend the meeting.”

Lưu ý: Dù động từ chính ở thì nào, động từ trong that-clause vẫn giữ nguyên base form.

Lỗi 6: Quên dùng “be” trong Passive Subjunctive

❌ SAI:
“I suggest that the report submitted by Friday.”

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I suggest that the report be submitted by Friday.”

Giải thích:
Trong passive subjunctive, cấu trúc là: that + S + be + past participle. Nhiều học viên quên thêm “be” vì trong tiếng Việt không có thành phần này (“Tôi đề xuất báo cáo được nộp…”).

Các ví dụ đúng:

• “I recommend that plastic bags be banned.” (không phải “be banning” hay “banned”)
• “It is essential that the law be enforced strictly.”
• “I suggest that he be given another chance.”

So sánh:

• Active: “I suggest that the company reduce emissions.”
• Passive: “I suggest that emissions be reduced by the company.”

Lỗi 7: Nhầm lẫn với cấu trúc Gerund

❌ SAI:
“I suggest going to the doctor.” (Đúng nhưng khác nghĩa)
“I suggest that he going to the doctor.” (SAI)

✅ ĐÚNG:
“I suggest that he go to the doctor.”

Giải thích:
Có hai cấu trúc khác nhau với “suggest”:

Cấu trúc 1: Suggest + Gerund (không có that-clause)

• “I suggest taking a break.” (general suggestion)
• “She suggested trying a different approach.”

Cấu trúc 2: Suggest + that + Subject + base verb

• “I suggest that we take a break.” (specific person)
• “She suggested that he try a different approach.”

Không thể mix:
❌ “I suggest that taking a break.”
❌ “She suggested that trying a different approach.”

Lỗi sai phổ biến khi sử dụng Subjunctive trong IELTS của học viên Việt Nam

Top 5 Mistakes Vietnamese Learners Make – Tổng Hợp

1. Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ (70% học viên mắc lỗi)

• Root cause: Tiếng Việt không có conjugation, nên học viên tự động thêm s/es
• Fix: Nhớ subjunctive = infinitive without “to”

2. Dùng doesn’t/don’t trong phủ định (60% học viên)

• Root cause: Quen với cấu trúc phủ định bình thường
• Fix: Luôn dùng “not + base verb” trong subjunctive

3. Thêm “to” trước động từ (50% học viên)

• Root cause: Nhầm với cấu trúc recommend someone to do
• Fix: After “that” = NO “to”

4. Quên “be” trong passive subjunctive (45% học viên)

• Root cause: Tiếng Việt không có auxiliary “be” tương đương
• Fix: Passive subjunctive MUST have “be”: that + S + be + past participle

5. Dùng sai thì cho động từ trong that-clause (40% học viên)

• Root cause: Nghĩ rằng động từ phải theo thì của câu
• Fix: Động từ trong that-clause ALWAYS base form, regardless of tense

Bài Tập Thực Hành

Bài Tập 1: Điền Dạng Đúng Của Động Từ

Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. Chú ý: một số câu có thể cần passive form.

1. The doctor suggests that he __ (take) the medicine three times a day.
2. I recommend that the government __ (invest) more in public healthcare.
3. It is essential that students __ (not copy) from the internet.
4. The manager proposed that the meeting __ (postpone) until next week.
5. Experts advise that children __ (not spend) more than two hours on screens daily.
6. I strongly suggest that the policy __ (revise) before implementation.
7. The committee recommends that all applications __ (submit) by the deadline.
8. It is crucial that we __ (address) climate change immediately.
9. The teacher insists that every student __ (attend) the workshop.
10. I suggest that he __ (not make) any hasty decisions.
11. Health authorities recommend that people __ (wash) their hands frequently.
12. It is imperative that the report __ (complete) before the meeting.
13. The principal suggests that parents __ (be) more involved in their children’s education.
14. I propose that the company __ (adopt) flexible working arrangements.
15. Doctors recommend that smokers __ (quit) as soon as possible.

Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

Mỗi câu sau có MỘT lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa lỗi đó:

1. I suggest that she goes to the library to study. [❌]
2. The teacher recommends that students not to use their phones in class. [❌]
3. It is essential that the problem is solved immediately. [❌]
4. I strongly suggest that he doesn’t waste his time on games. [❌]
5. Experts recommend that the policy be implementing gradually. [❌]
6. The doctor advised that she takes the medication with food. [❌]
7. I propose that the meeting is postponed until next month. [❌]
8. It is crucial that we not to ignore the warning signs. [❌]
9. The manager suggests that the report submits by Friday. [❌]
10. I recommend that you to reconsider your decision. [❌]
11. Health experts insist that people exercises regularly. [❌]
12. It is imperative that the government takes action now. [❌]
13. I suggest that he should goes to see a specialist. [❌]
14. The committee recommends that the rule be change immediately. [❌]
15. Teachers advise that students not copies from the internet. [❌]

Bài Tập 3: Viết Lại Câu

Viết lại câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc với cấu trúc subjunctive:

1. “You should study harder.” (suggest)
   → I suggest that ___

2. “The government must reduce emissions.” (recommend)
   → I recommend that ___

3. “Students shouldn’t use phones in class.” (advise)
   → Teachers advise that ___

4. “The company needs to change its policy.” (propose)
   → I propose that ___

5. “People must wear masks in public places.” (essential)
   → It is essential that ___

6. “The report should be submitted by Monday.” (suggest)
   → The manager suggests that ___

7. “Children should not watch too much TV.” (recommend)
   → Experts recommend that ___

8. “We need to address this problem immediately.” (imperative)
   → It is imperative that ___

9. “The meeting should be rescheduled.” (propose)
   → I propose that ___

10. “You must not ignore the symptoms.” (crucial)
    → It is crucial that ___

Bài Tập 4: Chọn Đáp Án Đúng

Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu:

1. I suggest that he _____ more attention to his health.
   A. pays B. pay C. to pay D. paying

2. The doctor recommends that she _____ smoking immediately.
   A. stops B. stop C. to stop D. stopped

3. It is essential that the report _____ before the deadline.
   A. finishes B. be finished C. is finished D. finishing

4. I strongly advise that you _____ any rash decisions.
   A. not make B. don’t make C. not to make D. doesn’t make

5. The committee suggests that the policy _____ next month.
   A. implements B. be implemented C. implementing D. to implement

6. Experts recommend that children _____ at least 8 hours of sleep.
   A. gets B. get C. to get D. getting

7. I propose that the meeting _____ until everyone can attend.
   A. is postponed B. postpones C. be postponed D. postponing

8. It is crucial that we _____ this opportunity.
   A. not miss B. don’t miss C. not to miss D. doesn’t miss

9. The teacher insists that all students _____ the assignment on time.
   A. submits B. submit C. to submit D. submitting

10. I recommend that the company _____ more in employee training.
    A. invests B. invest C. to invest D. investing

Bài Tập 5: IELTS Writing Practice

Viết đoạn văn (100-120 words) trả lời câu hỏi sau. Sử dụng ít nhất 4 cấu trúc subjunctive với suggest/recommend:

Topic: “What measures should governments take to reduce traffic congestion in cities?”

Requirements:

• Sử dụng ít nhất 4 lần subjunctive với suggest/recommend/propose
• Bao gồm ít nhất 1 passive subjunctive
• Bao gồm ít nhất 1 negative subjunctive
• Sử dụng các từ nối phù hợp

Bài Tập 6: IELTS Speaking Practice

Trả lời câu hỏi Speaking Part 3 sau đây (2-3 phút). Cố gắng sử dụng subjunctive tự nhiên:

Questions:

1. What can individuals do to protect the environment?
2. How should schools prepare students for future careers?
3. What measures would you recommend to improve public health?

Suggested structure:

• State your main recommendation using subjunctive
• Explain why (1-2 sentences)
• Give an example
• Add another recommendation
• Conclude

Đáp Án Bài Tập

Đáp Án Bài Tập 1: Điền Dạng Đúng

1. take (base form, không phải “takes”)

   • Giải thích: Sau “suggests that”, động từ luôn ở dạng nguyên thể

2. invest (base form)

   • Giải thích: Chủ ngữ “the government” là số ít nhưng vẫn dùng base form

3. not copy (negative subjunctive)

   • Giải thích: Phủ định là “not + base verb”, không dùng “don’t”

4. be postponed (passive subjunctive)

   • Giải thích: Bị động là “be + past participle”

5. not spend (negative subjunctive)

   • Giải thích: Cấu trúc phủ định với “not” trước động từ

6. be revised (passive subjunctive)

   • Giải thích: “The policy” không thể tự revise, cần dùng bị động

7. be submitted (passive subjunctive)

   • Giải thích: Applications được submit, không tự submit

8. address (base form)

   • Giải thích: Sau “crucial that”, dùng base form

9. attend (base form)

   • Giải thích: “Every student” là số ít nhưng vẫn dùng base form

10. not make (negative subjunctive)

    • Giải thích: Phủ định không dùng “doesn’t make”

11. wash (base form)

    • Giải thích: “People” là số nhiều nhưng vẫn dùng base form (luôn là base form)

12. be completed (passive subjunctive)

    • Giải thích: Report được complete, dùng bị động

13. be (base form)

    • Giải thích: Động từ “be” cũng giữ nguyên dạng base trong subjunctive

14. adopt (base form)

    • Giải thích: Sau “propose that”, dùng base form

15. quit (base form)

    • Giải thích: Chủ ngữ “smokers” số nhiều nhưng vẫn dùng base form

Đáp Án Bài Tập 2: Tìm Và Sửa Lỗi

1. ❌ “goes” → ✅ “go”

   • Lỗi: Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ số ít
   • Sửa: I suggest that she go to the library to study.

2. ❌ “not to use” → ✅ “not use”

   • Lỗi: Thêm “to” thừa trong negative subjunctive
   • Sửa: The teacher recommends that students not use their phones in class.

3. ❌ “is solved” → ✅ “be solved”

   • Lỗi: Dùng indicative thay vì subjunctive trong passive
   • Sửa: It is essential that the problem be solved immediately.

4. ❌ “doesn’t waste” → ✅ “not waste”

   • Lỗi: Dùng doesn’t trong negative subjunctive
   • Sửa: I strongly suggest that he not waste his time on games.

5. ❌ “be implementing” → ✅ “be implemented”

   • Lỗi: Dùng present participle thay vì past participle trong passive
   • Sửa: Experts recommend that the policy be implemented gradually.

6. ❌ “takes” → ✅ “take”

   • Lỗi: Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ số ít
   • Sửa: The doctor advised that she take the medication with food.

7. ❌ “is postponed” → ✅ “be postponed”

   • Lỗi: Dùng indicative mood thay vì subjunctive
   • Sửa: I propose that the meeting be postponed until next month.

8. ❌ “not to ignore” → ✅ “not ignore”

   • Lỗi: Thêm “to” thừa
   • Sửa: It is crucial that we not ignore the warning signs.

9. ❌ “submits” → ✅ “be submitted”

   • Lỗi: Thiếu “be” trong passive và chia động từ sai
   • Sửa: The manager suggests that the report be submitted by Friday.

10. ❌ “to reconsider” → ✅ “reconsider”

    • Lỗi: Nhầm với cấu trúc recommend someone to do
    • Sửa: I recommend that you reconsider your decision.

11. ❌ “exercises” → ✅ “exercise”

    • Lỗi: Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ
    • Sửa: Health experts insist that people exercise regularly.

12. ❌ “takes” → ✅ “take”

    • Lỗi: Chia động từ theo chủ ngữ số ít
    • Sửa: It is imperative that the government take action now.

13. ❌ “should goes” → ✅ “go” hoặc “should go”

    • Lỗi: Dùng cả should và chia động từ, redundant
    • Sửa: I suggest that he go to see a specialist. (hoặc “should go” nếu dùng should)

14. ❌ “be change” → ✅ “be changed”

    • Lỗi: Dùng base form thay vì past participle trong passive
    • Sửa: The committee recommends that the rule be changed immediately.

15. ❌ “copies” → ✅ “copy”

    • Lỗi: Chia động từ trong negative subjunctive
    • Sửa: Teachers advise that students not copy from the internet.

Đáp Án Bài Tập 3: Viết Lại Câu

1. I suggest that you study harder.

   • Hoặc: I suggest that he/she study harder. (tùy context)

2. I recommend that the government reduce emissions.

   • Alternative: I recommend that emissions be reduced by the government.

3. Teachers advise that students not use phones in class.

   • Note: negative subjunctive với “not use”

4. I propose that the company change its policy.

   • Hoặc: I propose that the company’s policy be changed.

5. It is essential that people wear masks in public places.

   • Formal style với impersonal structure

6. The manager suggests that the report be submitted by Monday.

   • Passive subjunctive vì report được submit

7. Experts recommend that children not watch too much TV.

   • Negative subjunctive

8. It is imperative that we address this problem immediately.

   • Strong recommendation với imperative

9. I propose that the meeting be rescheduled.

   • Passive subjunctive

10. It is crucial that you not ignore the symptoms.

    • Negative subjunctive với impersonal structure

Đáp Án Bài Tập 4: Chọn Đáp Án Đúng

1. B. pay

   • Base form sau “suggest that”

2. B. stop

   • Base form, không chia theo chủ ngữ

3. B. be finished

   • Passive subjunctive cần “be + past participle”

4. A. not make

   • Negative subjunctive: not + base verb

5. B. be implemented

   • Passive subjunctive

6. B. get

   • Base form, “children” vẫn dùng “get” không “gets”

7. C. be postponed

   • Passive subjunctive

8. A. not miss

   • Negative subjunctive

9. B. submit

   • Base form cho “all students”

10. B. invest

    • Base form sau “recommend that”

Đáp Án Bài Tập 5: Sample Paragraph (Band 8)

Sample Answer:

“Traffic congestion has become a critical issue in modern cities, requiring comprehensive solutions from governments. Firstly, I strongly recommend that authorities invest heavily in public transportation infrastructure, making it a viable alternative to private vehicles. It is essential that metro systems and bus networks be expanded to cover all urban areas efficiently. Additionally, I suggest that cities implement congestion pricing in downtown areas during peak hours, as this policy has proven effective in cities like Singapore and London. However, I would also propose that governments not focus solely on restrictive measures but rather incentivize environmentally friendly transportation through subsidies for electric vehicles and improved cycling infrastructure. Only through such multifaceted approaches can traffic problems be effectively addressed.”

Analysis:

• Subjunctive structures used:
  • recommend that authorities invest
  • essential that systems be expanded (passive)
  • suggest that cities implement
  • propose that governments not focus (negative)
• Word count: 118 words
• Band features:
  • Variety of subjunctive forms
  • Cohesive devices: Firstly, Additionally, However
  • Advanced vocabulary: comprehensive, viable alternative, congestion pricing, multifaceted
  • Real examples: Singapore, London
  • Passive subjunctive: be expanded
  • Negative subjunctive: not focus

Đáp Án Bài Tập 6: Speaking Sample Answers

Question 1: What can individuals do to protect the environment?

Sample Answer (Band 8):

“Well, I believe that individual actions are crucial for environmental protection. I would strongly suggest that people reduce their consumption of single-use plastics and switch to reusable alternatives like cloth bags and metal straws. It’s also essential that everyone be more conscious of their energy usage at home. For instance, I recommend that individuals install LED bulbs and turn off appliances when not in use. Additionally, I propose that people not underestimate the impact of small changes, such as using public transportation or cycling instead of driving. While these actions may seem minor individually, their collective impact can be substantial if adopted widely across communities.”

Analysis:

• Natural use of subjunctive trong spoken context
• Mix của formal suggestions và conversational tone
• Examples cụ thể: LED bulbs, cloth bags
• Negative subjunctive: not underestimate

Question 2: How should schools prepare students for future careers?

Sample Answer (Band 8.5):

“I think education needs significant reform to meet future demands. First and foremost, I strongly recommend that schools incorporate more practical skills into their curricula, such as coding, financial literacy, and critical thinking. It’s imperative that students be exposed to real-world scenarios through internships and industry partnerships. I also suggest that educational institutions not focus exclusively on academic grades but rather develop students’ soft skills like communication and adaptability. Moreover, I propose that schools invite professionals from various fields to share their experiences, giving students insight into different career paths. These measures would better equip young people for the rapidly changing job market.”

Analysis:

• Advanced subjunctive usage: be exposed, not focus
• Strong discourse markers: First and foremost, Moreover
• Sophisticated vocabulary: curricula, imperative, adaptability
• Practical examples và reasoning

Luyện Tập Nâng Cao – IELTS Simulation

Đề Luyện Tập Speaking Part 3

Practice với các topic sau, cố gắng sử dụng subjunctive tự nhiên:

Topic 1: Environmental Issues

1. What measures should governments take to reduce air pollution?
2. How can individuals contribute to solving environmental problems?
3. Do you think it’s the responsibility of large corporations to be environmentally friendly?

Topic 2: Education Reform

1. How can the education system be improved in your country?
2. What role should technology play in modern education?
3. Should schools focus more on practical skills or academic knowledge?

Topic 3: Urban Development

1. What should city planners prioritize when designing modern cities?
2. How can governments address the housing shortage in major cities?
3. What can be done to improve public transportation in urban areas?

Recording Tips:

• Record yourself trả lời mỗi câu hỏi (1-2 minutes)
• Listen lại và đếm số lần sử dụng subjunctive
• Check xem có mắc lỗi chia động từ không
• Aim for: 2-3 subjunctive structures per answer for Band 8

Đề Luyện Tập Writing Task 2

Viết full essay (250-280 words) cho các đề sau. Mỗi bài phải có ít nhất 5-6 cấu trúc subjunctive:

Essay 1: Problem-Solution
“In many countries, the quality of healthcare is declining. What are the causes of this problem and what solutions can you suggest?”

Requirements:

• Introduction: paraphrase + thesis với general solution
• Body 1: Causes (2-3 causes)
• Body 2: Solutions (2-3 solutions với subjunctive)
• Conclusion: Summary + final recommendation

Target subjunctive structures:

• I suggest that healthcare systems…
• It is essential that governments…
• I recommend that medical professionals…
• It is imperative that funding…
• I propose that policies…

Essay 2: Opinion
“Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others believe there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”

Requirements:

• Include recommendations trong both views và your opinion
• Sử dụng subjunctive để present solutions
• At least 2 passive subjunctive structures
• At least 1 negative subjunctive

Essay 3: Advantages-Disadvantages
“More and more people are working from home. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and give your recommendations.”

Requirements:

• Conclusion phải có recommendations với subjunctive
• Suggest solutions to minimize disadvantages
• Propose ways to maximize advantages

Đề Luyện Tập Academic Collocations

Hoàn thành các academic phrases sau với subjunctive phù hợp:

1. Research findings strongly suggest that ___.
2. International experts unanimously recommend that ___.
3. Based on the evidence, it is imperative that ___.
4. The data indicates that it is crucial that ___.
5. Leading economists propose that governments ___.
6. Environmental scientists warn that it is essential that ___.
7. Educational psychologists advise that schools ___.
8. The WHO categorically recommends that countries ___.

Kết Bài

Cấu trúc subjunctive với suggest và recommend là một công cụ ngữ pháp mạnh mẽ giúp bạn thể hiện khả năng sử dụng tiếng Anh học thuật ở mức độ cao trong kỳ thi IELTS. Đây không chỉ là một cấu trúc ngữ pháp đơn thuần mà còn là dấu hiệu phân biệt giữa người học ở Band 6-7 và người đạt Band 8-9.

Những điểm quan trọng cần nhớ:

✅ Động từ luôn ở dạng base form sau “that”, không chia theo chủ ngữ hay thì

✅ Dạng phủ định dùng “not + base verb”, không dùng doesn’t/don’t

✅ Passive subjunctive là “be + past participle”, không chia “be” theo chủ ngữ

✅ Có thể lược bỏ “that” trong speaking nhưng nên giữ trong writing

✅ Kết hợp với cấu trúc phức tạp để đạt Band 8-9

✅ Sử dụng tự nhiên, không gượng ép vào mọi câu

Lộ trình luyện tập hiệu quả:

Week 1-2: Nắm vững công thức cơ bản

• Làm bài tập điền từ và tìm lỗi sai hàng ngày
• Focus vào việc tránh 5 lỗi phổ biến
• Đọc và phân tích các sample essays có subjunctive

Week 3-4: Áp dụng vào Speaking

• Practice trả lời Speaking Part 3 questions
• Record và self-correct
• Aim for 2-3 subjunctive structures mỗi answer

Week 5-6: Writing mastery

• Viết 2-3 body paragraphs mỗi ngày với subjunctive
• Focus vào Problem-Solution essays
• Đa dạng hóa động từ (suggest, recommend, propose, advise, etc.)

Week 7-8: Advanced integration

• Kết hợp subjunctive với relative clauses, passive, conditionals
• Practice với academic collocations
• Viết full essays với 6-8 subjunctive structures

Tài nguyên luyện tập thêm:

📚 Cambridge IELTS 14-19: Analyze sample answers band 8-9 để xem cách native speakers sử dụng subjunctive

📝 IELTS Simon Blog: Nhiều sample essays sử dụng subjunctive tự nhiên

🎧 BBC Learning English: Grammar sections về subjunctive mood

📱 IELTS Liz: Video tutorials về advanced grammar structures

Lời khuyên cuối cùng:

Đừng cố nhồi nhét subjunctive vào mọi câu. Quality over quantity – việc sử dụng 3-4 cấu trúc subjunctive chính xác và tự nhiên tốt hơn nhiều so với 10 cấu trúc nhưng gượng ép hoặc sai. Examiner đánh giá cao khả năng sử dụng đúng ngữ cảnh hơn là số lượng.

Trong Writing Task 2, subjunctive đặc biệt mạnh khi đưa ra solutions, recommendations, hoặc trong conclusion. Trong Speaking Part 3, nó giúp bạn sound more sophisticated khi discuss solutions cho social issues.

Practice consistently, review mistakes carefully, và đặc biệt lưu ý đến 5 lỗi phổ biến mà học viên Việt Nam thường mắc phải. Với effort và practice đúng hướng, subjunctive sẽ trở thành một trong những strengths giúp bạn đạt band điểm mơ ước.

Good luck với IELTS journey của bạn! Remember: Mastering subjunctive là một investment đáng giá không chỉ cho IELTS mà còn cho academic và professional English sau này.