Mở bài
Dịch vụ khám chữa bệnh từ xa (Telehealth services) đã trở thành một trong những chủ đề nóng hổi và thường xuyên xuất hiện trong bài thi IELTS Reading, đặc biệt sau đại dịch COVID-19. Chủ đề này không chỉ phản ánh xu hướng chuyển đổi số trong ngành y tế toàn cầu mà còn liên quan mật thiết đến cuộc sống hàng ngày của mọi người. Theo thống kê từ Cambridge IELTS và British Council, các bài đọc về công nghệ y tế và chăm sóc sức khỏe chiếm khoảng 15-20% trong các đề thi thực tế gần đây.
Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với 3 passages về dịch vụ y tế từ xa sau COVID-19, bao gồm: đề thi đầy đủ 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard; 40 câu hỏi đa dạng với 7 dạng câu hỏi khác nhau giống thi thật; đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích vị trí và kỹ thuật paraphrase; bộ từ vựng chuyên ngành y tế và công nghệ được phân loại theo từng passage. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với format thi thực tế và nâng cao kỹ năng đọc hiểu học thuật một cách bài bản.
1. Hướng dẫn làm bài IELTS Reading
Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test
IELTS Reading Test là phần thi kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm, không bị trừ điểm khi sai. Điểm số thô (raw score) sau đó được chuyển đổi thành band điểm từ 1-9.
Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:
- Passage 1 (Easy): 15-17 phút – Dành cho làm quen và lấy điểm nền
- Passage 2 (Medium): 18-20 phút – Độ khó trung bình, cần tập trung cao
- Passage 3 (Hard): 23-25 phút – Khó nhất, yêu cầu kỹ thuật và tư duy phân tích
Lưu ý quan trọng: Không có thời gian thêm để chuyển đáp án sang answer sheet, vì vậy bạn cần ghi đáp án trực tiếp trong quá trình làm bài.
Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này
Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:
- Multiple Choice – Trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn (9 câu)
- True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không được đề cập (5 câu)
- Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định quan điểm tác giả (5 câu)
- Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn (5 câu)
- Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu (6 câu)
- Matching Features – Nối thông tin với đặc điểm (5 câu)
- Short-answer Questions – Câu hỏi trả lời ngắn (5 câu)
Mỗi dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc khác nhau: skimming (đọc lướt), scanning (đọc quét), reading for detail (đọc chi tiết), và understanding main ideas (nắm ý chính).
2. IELTS Reading Practice Test
PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Telehealth During the Pandemic
Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the way healthcare is delivered around the world. Before 2020, telehealth services were available but rarely used by most people. Traditional in-person consultations dominated the healthcare landscape, with patients typically visiting doctors’ offices or hospitals for routine check-ups and medical advice. However, when lockdown measures were implemented globally to prevent the spread of the virus, both patients and healthcare providers had to adapt quickly to a new reality.
Telehealth, also known as telemedicine, refers to the use of digital communication technologies to provide healthcare services remotely. This includes video consultations with doctors, remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions, and even online prescription services. During the early months of the pandemic, many healthcare systems worldwide experienced an unprecedented surge in telehealth adoption. In the United States, for example, telehealth visits increased by more than 6,000 percent between March and April 2020 compared to the previous year. Similar patterns were observed in European countries, Australia, and parts of Asia.
The rapid expansion of telehealth services was driven by several factors. Firstly, social distancing requirements made it necessary to minimize physical contact between patients and healthcare workers. Secondly, many people were reluctant to visit healthcare facilities due to fear of infection. Thirdly, governments and health insurance companies quickly adjusted their policies to support remote care. Many countries temporarily relaxed regulations that had previously restricted telehealth services, and insurance providers began covering virtual consultations at the same rate as in-person visits.
The benefits of telehealth became increasingly apparent during this period. For patients, the most obvious advantage was convenience. People could consult with their doctors from the comfort of their own homes, eliminating the need for travel and reducing waiting times. This was particularly valuable for individuals living in rural or remote areas, where access to healthcare facilities is often limited. Additionally, telehealth proved effective for managing non-emergency conditions such as follow-up appointments, prescription renewals, and mental health counseling.
Healthcare providers also recognized several advantages. Virtual consultations allowed doctors to see more patients in a shorter time, improving efficiency. The reduced risk of cross-infection in waiting rooms protected both staff and patients. Furthermore, telehealth platforms enabled better coordination of care among different specialists, as medical records and test results could be shared digitally more easily.
However, the rapid implementation of telehealth was not without challenges. One significant concern was the digital divide – not all patients had equal access to the necessary technology or internet connectivity. Elderly patients and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were particularly disadvantaged. Technical difficulties, such as poor video quality or connection problems, sometimes interfered with consultations. There were also concerns about data privacy and security, as sensitive medical information was being transmitted online.
Despite these challenges, the pandemic proved that telehealth could play a vital role in modern healthcare delivery. A survey conducted by the American Medical Association in late 2020 found that 85 percent of physicians reported that telehealth had enabled them to provide safe and effective care during the pandemic. Patient satisfaction rates were also high, with many expressing a desire to continue using telehealth services even after the pandemic ended.
As restrictions began to ease in 2021 and 2022, healthcare systems faced a new question: how much of the pandemic-era telehealth expansion should be maintained? Many experts argued that telehealth should become a permanent fixture of healthcare delivery, complementing rather than replacing traditional in-person care. The key, they suggested, was to develop hybrid models that allow patients and doctors to choose the most appropriate format for each situation.
Looking forward, the future of telehealth appears promising. Advances in technology, such as artificial intelligence and wearable health devices, are likely to enhance remote care capabilities further. However, success will depend on addressing existing challenges, particularly regarding equitable access and regulatory frameworks. The pandemic has accelerated a transformation that was already underway, and the healthcare industry must now work to ensure that the benefits of telehealth are available to all.
Questions 1-13
Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. Before 2020, telehealth services were
- A) completely unavailable to patients
- B) widely used by most people
- C) available but not commonly utilized
- D) only available in rural areas
2. The increase in telehealth visits in the United States between March and April 2020 was
- A) approximately 600 percent
- B) more than 6,000 percent
- C) less than 1,000 percent
- D) exactly 5,000 percent
3. Which factor did NOT contribute to the expansion of telehealth during the pandemic?
- A) Social distancing requirements
- B) Fear of infection at healthcare facilities
- C) Increased medical staff availability
- D) Changes in government policies
4. According to the passage, telehealth was particularly valuable for
- A) emergency medical situations only
- B) people living in urban areas
- C) individuals in rural or remote locations
- D) young patients exclusively
5. The digital divide primarily affected
- A) healthcare providers
- B) insurance companies
- C) elderly patients and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds
- D) medical specialists
Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write:
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. Telehealth and telemedicine refer to the same type of healthcare service.
7. All European countries experienced the same rate of increase in telehealth adoption as the United States.
8. Insurance companies in many countries began covering virtual consultations at the same rate as physical visits.
9. Telehealth completely eliminated waiting times for all patients.
Questions 10-13: Sentence Completion
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. Healthcare providers found that virtual consultations improved __ by allowing them to see more patients.
11. Digital sharing of medical records enabled better __ among different specialists.
12. A survey by the American Medical Association found that __ of physicians believed telehealth provided safe and effective care.
13. Experts suggest that future healthcare should use __ that combine telehealth and traditional care.
PASSAGE 2 – Technological Infrastructure and Clinical Applications
Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)
Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút
The successful implementation of telehealth services on a massive scale during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has required substantial investment in technological infrastructure and a fundamental rethinking of clinical workflows. While the concept of remote healthcare is not new, the sudden necessity to transition from predominantly in-person care to virtual consultations exposed both the strengths and limitations of existing systems. Healthcare organizations worldwide have since been working to develop more robust and scalable telehealth platforms that can support diverse clinical needs while maintaining high standards of care quality and patient safety.
At the heart of effective telehealth delivery are secure communication platforms that facilitate real-time interaction between patients and healthcare providers. These platforms must meet stringent requirements for audio and video quality, ensuring that clinicians can observe visual cues such as skin color, breathing patterns, and physical movements that inform diagnostic decisions. Advanced platforms now incorporate features such as high-definition video streaming, screen sharing capabilities for reviewing test results or educational materials, and digital whiteboard tools that allow physicians to illustrate concepts or explain procedures visually.
Beyond basic video conferencing, modern telehealth systems integrate with electronic health records (EHRs), enabling seamless documentation and ensuring that all patient interactions are properly recorded. This integration is crucial for continuity of care, as it allows different healthcare providers to access complete patient histories regardless of whether consultations occur virtually or in person. Interoperability – the ability of different healthcare IT systems to exchange and use information – has emerged as a critical priority, particularly as patients may use telehealth services from multiple providers or healthcare networks.
The clinical applications of telehealth have expanded considerably beyond simple consultations. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has proven particularly valuable for managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Patients use connected medical devices – including blood pressure monitors, glucose meters, and pulse oximeters – that automatically transmit readings to their healthcare providers. Artificial intelligence algorithms analyze this data continuously, alerting clinicians to concerning trends or abnormal values that may require intervention. This proactive approach to care management can prevent acute episodes and reduce hospital admissions, resulting in both improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.
Mental health services have been among the most successful telehealth applications. Research conducted during the pandemic demonstrated that virtual therapy sessions can be as effective as in-person sessions for many conditions, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The reduced stigma associated with seeking mental health care from one’s home, combined with increased convenience, has led to higher engagement rates. Some patients report feeling more comfortable discussing sensitive issues when in familiar surroundings rather than in a clinical setting. Telepsychiatry services have also addressed critical shortages of mental health professionals, particularly in underserved communities, by enabling specialists to serve patients across wider geographic areas.
Telepharmacy represents another growing application, allowing pharmacists to counsel patients remotely about medications, conduct medication therapy management, and provide chronic disease management support. This service has proven especially valuable for patients taking multiple medications or those with complex therapeutic regimens. Some advanced telepharmacy programs use automated dispensing systems that can be monitored remotely, ensuring medication adherence and reducing errors.
Despite these advances, significant challenges remain in expanding telehealth capabilities. Clinical assessment limitations persist for conditions requiring physical examination or hands-on diagnostic procedures. While physicians can observe general appearance and some symptoms through video, they cannot perform palpation (examination by touch), listen to heart and lung sounds with a stethoscope, or conduct detailed neurological examinations. Some healthcare systems have begun experimenting with examination assistance protocols, where trained medical assistants or family members, guided by a remote physician, perform basic physical assessments using home-based medical devices. However, these approaches have limited applicability and cannot fully replicate in-person examinations.
Regulatory and reimbursement frameworks continue to evolve as policymakers work to balance expanding access to telehealth with ensuring quality and preventing fraud. Many of the temporary policy changes implemented during the pandemic – such as relaxed requirements for patient location, provider licensing across state lines, and reimbursement parity – face uncertain futures. Healthcare organizations advocate for making these flexibilities permanent, arguing that they are essential for maintaining telehealth access. However, regulators express concerns about ensuring appropriate standards of care and preventing misuse of remote services for conditions that genuinely require in-person evaluation.
The question of appropriate use criteria remains actively debated within the medical community. Professional medical associations are developing clinical guidelines that specify which conditions are suitable for telehealth management and which require in-person care. These guidelines must balance multiple considerations: clinical effectiveness, patient safety, medico-legal liability, and patient preference. As the evidence base grows through ongoing research studies examining telehealth outcomes across various medical specialties, these guidelines will continue to be refined.
Looking ahead, the integration of emerging technologies promises to address some current limitations. Augmented reality (AR) systems could enable remote specialists to guide local healthcare workers through complex procedures. Haptic feedback devices might eventually allow clinicians to perform virtual physical examinations. 5G network technology will support higher-quality video streams and enable more sophisticated remote monitoring applications. The continued evolution of telehealth will require sustained investment, collaborative innovation among technology developers and healthcare providers, and flexible regulatory approaches that protect patients while fostering beneficial innovation.
Questions 14-26
Questions 14-18: Yes/No/Not Given
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?
Write:
- YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
- NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
- NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
14. The rapid transition to telehealth during COVID-19 revealed weaknesses in existing healthcare technology systems.
15. Electronic health record integration is unnecessary for effective telehealth delivery.
16. Remote patient monitoring systems have demonstrated ability to reduce hospital admissions for chronic conditions.
17. All mental health conditions can be treated as effectively through virtual sessions as through in-person therapy.
18. Telepharmacy services are only beneficial for patients taking single medications.
Questions 19-23: Matching Headings
The passage has ten paragraphs. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings below.
List of Headings:
- i. The future role of advanced technologies in telehealth
- ii. Essential features of telehealth communication platforms
- iii. Challenges in physical examination through remote means
- iv. Expansion of mental health services via telehealth
- v. The necessity for improved technological infrastructure
- vi. Regulatory uncertainty surrounding telehealth policies
- vii. Remote monitoring applications for chronic disease management
- viii. The development of clinical practice guidelines
19. Paragraph A (begins with “At the heart of effective telehealth…”)
20. Paragraph D (begins with “Mental health services have been…”)
21. Paragraph F (begins with “Despite these advances…”)
22. Paragraph G (begins with “Regulatory and reimbursement frameworks…”)
23. Paragraph I (begins with “Looking ahead…”)
Questions 24-26: Summary Completion
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Modern telehealth platforms require integration with 24. __ to ensure proper documentation and continuity of care. One critical requirement for healthcare IT systems is 25. __, which allows different systems to exchange information effectively. For remote consultations to be effective, platforms must provide high-quality video that enables doctors to observe 26. __ important for diagnosis.
PASSAGE 3 – Socioeconomic Implications and the Future Healthcare Paradigm
Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)
Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút
The accelerated adoption of telehealth services following the COVID-19 pandemic represents far more than a temporary adaptation to crisis circumstances; it constitutes a fundamental paradigmatic shift in healthcare delivery that carries profound socioeconomic implications. While much attention has focused on the technological and clinical aspects of remote care, the broader societal impacts – encompassing issues of equity, healthcare workforce dynamics, economic restructuring, and philosophical questions about the nature of the patient-provider relationship – warrant equally rigorous examination. Understanding these multifaceted consequences is essential for policymakers, healthcare leaders, and society at large as we navigate this transformative period.
The issue of healthcare equity presents perhaps the most vexing challenge in the telehealth era. Proponents argue that remote care has democratizing potential, eliminating geographic barriers that have historically disadvantaged rural populations and expanding access to specialized medical expertise regardless of location. A patient in a remote village can now consult with a specialist thousands of miles away – a consultation that would have been practically impossible in the pre-digital era. However, critics contend that telehealth may paradoxically exacerbate existing health disparities by creating new forms of exclusion based on digital literacy, technology access, and socioeconomic status.
Empirical evidence supports both perspectives, revealing a complex reality. Data from multiple countries indicate that telehealth adoption during the pandemic was significantly higher among affluent, educated populations in urban and suburban areas compared to disadvantaged communities. In the United States, studies documented that patients over 65, those without college education, non-English speakers, and racial minorities utilized telehealth services at substantially lower rates despite often having greater healthcare needs. The digital divide – encompassing not merely internet access but also device availability, technical proficiency, and digital health literacy – emerged as a critical social determinant of health in its own right.
The implications extend beyond simple access questions to encompass the quality of care received through different modalities. Research has begun to explore whether diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and health outcomes differ systematically between in-person and virtual care, and whether such differences vary across patient populations. Preliminary findings suggest that for some conditions and patient groups, telehealth outcomes are comparable or even superior to traditional care, while for others, virtual care may be inadequate. The challenge lies in developing sophisticated risk stratification frameworks that identify which patients and conditions are suitable for remote management and which require in-person evaluation – while ensuring that such frameworks do not inadvertently encode existing biases or perpetuate discrimination.
The transformation of telehealth also profoundly affects healthcare workforce dynamics. Physicians and other healthcare professionals have had to rapidly acquire new competencies related to virtual communication, technological troubleshooting, and remote clinical assessment. The skills that make someone an effective clinician in person do not automatically translate to the virtual environment. Nonverbal communication cues are attenuated through video interfaces, requiring heightened attention to what can be observed and creative approaches to establishing therapeutic rapport. Some practitioners have embraced these changes enthusiastically, finding that virtual care offers greater flexibility and work-life balance, while others experience frustration with technology limitations and concern about the quality of care they can provide remotely.
Furthermore, telehealth enables new geographic flexibility in healthcare employment. Clinicians can potentially serve patients across wide areas, transcending traditional practice boundaries. This capability could help address physician shortage areas and improve access in underserved regions. However, it also raises concerns about professional licensure – most regulatory frameworks require practitioners to be licensed in the state or jurisdiction where the patient is located, creating complex compliance challenges for multi-state telehealth practice. During the pandemic, many jurisdictions temporarily relaxed these requirements, but the long-term policy trajectory remains uncertain. There are also legitimate questions about whether clinicians practicing remotely will have adequate understanding of local health ecosystems, community resources, and regional disease patterns that inform optimal care.
The economic dimensions of telehealth expansion are equally complex. From a healthcare system perspective, virtual care offers potential cost savings through reduced infrastructure requirements, more efficient use of clinician time, and prevention of expensive acute care episodes through better chronic disease management. Health insurance companies have generally supported telehealth expansion, recognizing these potential efficiencies. However, the financial impact on individual healthcare providers and organizations varies considerably. Primary care practices that successfully implement telehealth may see improved efficiency, but those serving disadvantaged populations with limited technology access may experience reduced patient volumes and revenue. Specialty practices that previously drew patients from wide geographic areas for in-person consultations now face potential competition from providers offering virtual consultations across state or national boundaries.
There are also macroeconomic considerations regarding healthcare’s role in local economies. Hospitals and medical centers function as major employers and economic engines in many communities, particularly smaller cities and towns. If telehealth enables care to be delivered from distant locations, there could be reduced demand for local healthcare infrastructure and employment. While this might produce aggregate efficiency gains, it could harm specific communities that depend economically on healthcare institutions. Balancing system-wide efficiency with the economic health of individual communities represents a significant policy challenge.
Beyond these practical concerns lie deeper philosophical questions about the nature of healthcare itself. The traditional model of medicine emphasizes the holistic patient-provider relationship, with physical presence and hands-on care carrying both clinical and symbolic significance. The physician’s examination – the laying on of hands – serves not only diagnostic purposes but also therapeutic ones, communicating care, attention, and commitment. As healthcare becomes increasingly mediated through screens and digital interfaces, some worry about depersonalization and the erosion of the humanistic dimensions of medicine. Others counter that these concerns reflect nostalgic attachment to familiar practices rather than objective assessment of what produces optimal care, and that technology, properly implemented, can enhance rather than diminish the patient experience.
Ultimately, the post-pandemic future of healthcare will likely involve not a wholesale replacement of traditional care with telehealth, but rather the emergence of hybrid models that strategically deploy different modalities based on clinical needs, patient preferences, and practical constraints. Success in this new paradigm requires addressing equity concerns through targeted investments in digital infrastructure and literacy programs; developing evidence-based guidelines for appropriate telehealth use across different conditions and populations; creating regulatory frameworks that enable beneficial innovation while protecting quality and safety; supporting healthcare workforce adaptation through training and technological support; and maintaining focus on the fundamental purpose of healthcare systems – to promote health and wellbeing for all members of society. The transformation catalyzed by COVID-19 offers unprecedented opportunities to reimagine healthcare delivery, but realizing the full potential of telehealth while avoiding unintended harms demands thoughtful, inclusive, and equity-focused approaches to implementation and policy development.
Questions 27-40
Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
27. According to the passage, the main argument of critics regarding telehealth equity is that it
- A) is too expensive for widespread implementation
- B) may worsen existing health inequalities through digital exclusion
- C) provides lower quality care than in-person consultations
- D) requires too much training for healthcare providers
28. Studies in the United States showed that telehealth adoption was lowest among
- A) urban populations with high education levels
- B) patients under 40 years old
- C) English-speaking suburban residents
- D) elderly patients, minorities, and those without college education
29. The passage suggests that risk stratification frameworks should
- A) always prioritize in-person care over virtual consultations
- B) identify appropriate care modalities without perpetuating bias
- C) be based solely on technological capabilities
- D) exclude patients over 65 from telehealth services
30. Regarding healthcare workforce dynamics, the passage indicates that
- A) all clinicians have enthusiastically adopted telehealth
- B) in-person clinical skills automatically translate to virtual care
- C) virtual care requires new competencies and communication approaches
- D) nonverbal communication is easier through video interfaces
31. The economic impact of telehealth expansion
- A) produces uniform benefits for all healthcare providers
- B) always reduces costs for patients
- C) varies depending on the type of practice and patient population served
- D) has no effect on local community economies
Questions 32-36: Matching Features
Match each concern (Questions 32-36) with the correct dimension of telehealth impact (A-F).
Dimensions:
- A) Healthcare equity
- B) Workforce dynamics
- C) Economic impact
- D) Clinical outcomes
- E) Regulatory issues
- F) Philosophical considerations
32. The digital divide as a social determinant of health
33. Professional licensure requirements across different jurisdictions
34. The symbolic and therapeutic significance of physical examination
35. Differences in diagnostic accuracy between care modalities
36. Reduced demand for local healthcare employment
Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
37. What type of communication cues are reduced in virtual healthcare interactions?
38. What did many jurisdictions temporarily relax during the pandemic regarding healthcare providers?
39. What do hospitals and medical centers function as in many smaller communities?
40. What type of models will likely characterize the future of healthcare delivery?
3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án
PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13
- C
- B
- C
- C
- C
- TRUE
- NOT GIVEN
- TRUE
- FALSE
- efficiency
- coordination of care
- 85 percent / eighty-five percent
- hybrid models
PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26
- YES
- NO
- YES
- NOT GIVEN
- NO
- ii
- iv
- iii
- vi
- i
- electronic health records / EHRs
- interoperability
- visual cues
PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40
- B
- D
- B
- C
- C
- A
- E
- F
- D
- C
- nonverbal communication cues / nonverbal communication
- licensure requirements / professional licensure
- major employers / economic engines
- hybrid models
4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết
Passage 1 – Giải Thích
Câu 1: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: Before 2020, telehealth services
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu “telehealth services were available but rarely used by most people” được paraphrase thành “available but not commonly utilized”. Đáp án A sai vì dịch vụ đã có sẵn. Đáp án B sai vì hiếm khi được sử dụng, không phải “widely used”. Đáp án D quá hẹp, chỉ đề cập rural areas.
Câu 2: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: increase, United States, March and April 2020
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 6-7
- Giải thích: Con số “6,000 percent” được nêu rõ trong bài. Các đáp án khác đều không khớp với số liệu này.
Câu 3: C
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice (NOT question)
- Từ khóa: factor, NOT contribute, expansion
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, toàn bộ
- Giải thích: Đoạn 3 liệt kê các yếu tố: social distancing (A), fear of infection (B), và government policies (D). “Increased medical staff availability” không được đề cập trong bài.
Biểu đồ thống kê sự gia tăng mạnh mẽ của dịch vụ khám bệnh từ xa trong giai đoạn đại dịch COVID-19 tại các quốc gia
Câu 6: TRUE
- Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
- Từ khóa: Telehealth, telemedicine, same
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1
- Giải thích: Câu “Telehealth, also known as telemedicine” xác nhận rõ ràng hai thuật ngữ này cùng ý nghĩa. “Also known as” = “refer to the same type”.
Câu 10: efficiency
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: virtual consultations, improved, see more patients
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-2
- Giải thích: Câu “Virtual consultations allowed doctors to see more patients in a shorter time, improving efficiency” cung cấp đáp án chính xác. Chỉ cần điền “efficiency” theo yêu cầu NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Câu 13: hybrid models
- Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
- Từ khóa: experts suggest, combine, telehealth and traditional care
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 4-5
- Giải thích: Câu “develop hybrid models that allow patients and doctors to choose the most appropriate format” được paraphrase thành “combine telehealth and traditional care”. Đáp án chính xác là “hybrid models”.
Passage 2 – Giải Thích
Câu 14: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: rapid transition, revealed weaknesses, existing technology systems
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-3
- Giải thích: Câu “the sudden necessity to transition…exposed both the strengths and limitations of existing systems” thể hiện quan điểm của tác giả rằng sự chuyển đổi nhanh đã bộc lộ những điểm yếu (limitations = weaknesses).
Câu 15: NO
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: EHR integration, unnecessary
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1-3
- Giải thích: Câu “This integration is crucial for continuity of care” thể hiện quan điểm ngược lại – integration là rất cần thiết (crucial), không phải unnecessary. Đây là sự mâu thuẫn rõ ràng.
Câu 16: YES
- Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
- Từ khóa: remote patient monitoring, reduce hospital admissions, chronic conditions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 6-7
- Giải thích: Câu “This proactive approach…can prevent acute episodes and reduce hospital admissions” thể hiện quan điểm tác giả về hiệu quả của RPM. “Demonstrated ability” được paraphrase từ “can prevent…and reduce”.
Câu 19: ii
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
- Từ khóa: Paragraph A – “At the heart of effective telehealth…”
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn A (Đoạn 2), toàn bộ
- Giải thích: Đoạn này tập trung vào “secure communication platforms” và các tính năng như “high-definition video streaming”, “screen sharing capabilities” – đều là essential features của telehealth platforms. Heading ii “Essential features of telehealth communication platforms” khớp hoàn hảo.
Câu 24: electronic health records / EHRs
- Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
- Từ khóa: integration, proper documentation, continuity of care
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 1
- Giải thích: Câu “modern telehealth systems integrate with electronic health records (EHRs), enabling seamless documentation” cung cấp đáp án trực tiếp. Cả hai dạng “electronic health records” và “EHRs” đều được chấp nhận.
Hệ thống công nghệ nền tảng cho dịch vụ y tế từ xa hiện đại với tích hợp bệnh án điện tử
Passage 3 – Giải Thích
Câu 27: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: critics, telehealth equity
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: Câu “critics contend that telehealth may paradoxically exacerbate existing health disparities by creating new forms of exclusion based on digital literacy, technology access, and socioeconomic status” nêu rõ quan điểm của critics. “Exacerbate existing health disparities” = “worsen existing health inequalities”, “digital exclusion” được paraphrase từ “exclusion based on digital literacy”.
Câu 29: B
- Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
- Từ khóa: risk stratification frameworks, should
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 4-6
- Giải thích: Câu “The challenge lies in developing sophisticated risk stratification frameworks…while ensuring that such frameworks do not inadvertently encode existing biases or perpetuate discrimination” cho thấy frameworks nên “identify appropriate care” mà “without perpetuating bias”. Đây là yêu cầu cân bằng được nhấn mạnh trong bài.
Câu 32: A
- Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Features
- Từ khóa: digital divide, social determinant of health
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng cuối
- Giải thích: Câu “The digital divide…emerged as a critical social determinant of health in its own right” xuất hiện trong đoạn thảo luận về healthcare equity. Đây là mối quan tâm về công bằng trong chăm sóc sức khỏe (Healthcare equity – A).
Câu 37: nonverbal communication cues / nonverbal communication
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: communication cues, reduced, virtual interactions
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-4
- Giải thích: Câu “Nonverbal communication cues are attenuated through video interfaces” sử dụng từ “attenuated” (giảm đi) = “reduced”. Đáp án chính xác là “nonverbal communication cues” hoặc ngắn gọn hơn “nonverbal communication” (đều không quá THREE WORDS).
Câu 40: hybrid models
- Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
- Từ khóa: future, healthcare delivery
- Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 1
- Giải thích: Câu “the post-pandemic future of healthcare will likely involve…the emergence of hybrid models” trả lời trực tiếp câu hỏi về tương lai healthcare delivery. Đáp án là “hybrid models”.
5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage
Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| telehealth services | n | /ˈtelihɛlθ ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/ | dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe từ xa | Telehealth services were available but rarely used | provide/deliver telehealth services |
| lockdown measures | n | /ˈlɒkdaʊn ˈmɛʒəz/ | các biện pháp phong tỏa | When lockdown measures were implemented globally | implement/enforce lockdown measures |
| remote monitoring | n | /rɪˈməʊt ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ/ | giám sát từ xa | Remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions | enable/conduct remote monitoring |
| social distancing | n | /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈdɪstənsɪŋ/ | giãn cách xã hội | Social distancing requirements made it necessary | maintain/practice social distancing |
| convenience | n | /kənˈviːniəns/ | sự tiện lợi | The most obvious advantage was convenience | offer/provide convenience |
| rural areas | n | /ˈrʊərəl ˈeəriəz/ | khu vực nông thôn | People living in rural or remote areas | serve/reach rural areas |
| digital divide | n | /ˈdɪdʒɪtl dɪˈvaɪd/ | khoảng cách số | The digital divide – not all patients had equal access | bridge/narrow the digital divide |
| cross-infection | n | /krɒs ɪnˈfekʃn/ | lây nhiễm chéo | Reduced risk of cross-infection in waiting rooms | prevent/reduce cross-infection |
| data privacy | n | /ˈdeɪtə ˈprɪvəsi/ | quyền riêng tư dữ liệu | Concerns about data privacy and security | protect/ensure data privacy |
| patient satisfaction | n | /ˈpeɪʃnt sætɪsˈfækʃn/ | sự hài lòng của bệnh nhân | Patient satisfaction rates were also high | improve/measure patient satisfaction |
| hybrid models | n | /ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈmɒdlz/ | mô hình kết hợp | Develop hybrid models that allow patients to choose | adopt/implement hybrid models |
| permanent fixture | n | /ˈpɜːmənənt ˈfɪkstʃə/ | yếu tố cố định lâu dài | Telehealth should become a permanent fixture | become/remain a permanent fixture |
Lợi ích của dịch vụ y tế từ xa đối với bệnh nhân ở vùng nông thôn xa xôi
Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| technological infrastructure | n | /teknəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ | cơ sở hạ tầng công nghệ | Substantial investment in technological infrastructure | develop/build technological infrastructure |
| clinical workflows | n | /ˈklɪnɪkl ˈwɜːkfləʊz/ | quy trình lâm sàng | Fundamental rethinking of clinical workflows | optimize/streamline clinical workflows |
| secure communication platforms | n | /sɪˈkjʊə kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn ˈplætfɔːmz/ | nền tảng giao tiếp bảo mật | Secure communication platforms that facilitate real-time interaction | implement/use secure communication platforms |
| electronic health records | n | /ɪlekˈtrɒnɪk hɛlθ ˈrɛkɔːdz/ | hồ sơ sức khỏe điện tử | Modern systems integrate with electronic health records | access/maintain electronic health records |
| interoperability | n | /ɪntərɒpərəˈbɪlɪti/ | khả năng tương tác | Interoperability has emerged as a critical priority | ensure/improve interoperability |
| remote patient monitoring | n | /rɪˈməʊt ˈpeɪʃnt ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ/ | giám sát bệnh nhân từ xa | Remote patient monitoring has proven particularly valuable | implement/conduct remote patient monitoring |
| artificial intelligence | n | /ɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒns/ | trí tuệ nhân tạo | Artificial intelligence algorithms analyze this data | apply/leverage artificial intelligence |
| acute episodes | n | /əˈkjuːt ˈepɪsəʊdz/ | các đợt cấp tính | Prevent acute episodes and reduce hospital admissions | prevent/manage acute episodes |
| mental health services | n | /ˈmentl hɛlθ ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/ | dịch vụ sức khỏe tâm thần | Mental health services have been among the most successful | provide/access mental health services |
| virtual therapy sessions | n | /ˈvɜːtʃuəl ˈθerəpi ˈseʃnz/ | buổi trị liệu trực tuyến | Virtual therapy sessions can be as effective | conduct/attend virtual therapy sessions |
| telepsychiatry | n | /telɪsaɪˈkaɪətri/ | tâm thần học từ xa | Telepsychiatry services have addressed critical shortages | offer/expand telepsychiatry |
| medication therapy management | n | /medɪˈkeɪʃn ˈθerəpi ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ | quản lý liệu pháp thuốc | Conduct medication therapy management | provide/improve medication therapy management |
| clinical assessment | n | /ˈklɪnɪkl əˈsesmənt/ | đánh giá lâm sàng | Clinical assessment limitations persist | conduct/perform clinical assessment |
| palpation | n | /pælˈpeɪʃn/ | khám bằng cách sờ | Cannot perform palpation through video | perform/conduct palpation |
| reimbursement frameworks | n | /riːɪmˈbɜːsmənt ˈfreɪmwɜːks/ | khung bồi hoàn | Regulatory and reimbursement frameworks continue to evolve | establish/update reimbursement frameworks |
Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ từ bài | Collocation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paradigmatic shift | n | /pærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/ | sự chuyển đổi mô hình | A fundamental paradigmatic shift in healthcare delivery | represent/constitute a paradigmatic shift |
| socioeconomic implications | n | /səʊsiəʊekəˈnɒmɪk ɪmplɪˈkeɪʃnz/ | các tác động kinh tế-xã hội | Carries profound socioeconomic implications | have/examine socioeconomic implications |
| healthcare equity | n | /ˈhelθkeə ˈekwɪti/ | công bằng trong chăm sóc sức khỏe | The issue of healthcare equity presents the most vexing challenge | promote/ensure healthcare equity |
| geographic barriers | n | /dʒiəˈɡræfɪk ˈbæriəz/ | rào cản địa lý | Eliminating geographic barriers that disadvantaged rural populations | overcome/remove geographic barriers |
| health disparities | n | /hɛlθ dɪsˈpærɪtiz/ | bất bình đẳng về sức khỏe | May exacerbate existing health disparities | reduce/address health disparities |
| digital literacy | n | /ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈlɪtərəsi/ | kiến thức số | New forms of exclusion based on digital literacy | improve/enhance digital literacy |
| affluent populations | n | /ˈæfluənt pɒpjuˈleɪʃnz/ | nhóm dân cư giàu có | Adoption was higher among affluent, educated populations | serve/target affluent populations |
| diagnostic accuracy | n | /daɪəɡˈnɒstɪk ˈækjərəsi/ | độ chính xác chẩn đoán | Whether diagnostic accuracy differs between modalities | improve/ensure diagnostic accuracy |
| risk stratification | n | /rɪsk strætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | phân tầng rủi ro | Developing sophisticated risk stratification frameworks | implement/use risk stratification |
| therapeutic rapport | n | /θerəˈpjuːtɪk ræˈpɔː/ | mối quan hệ điều trị | Creative approaches to establishing therapeutic rapport | build/maintain therapeutic rapport |
| professional licensure | n | /prəˈfeʃnl ˈlaɪsnsə/ | cấp phép hành nghề | Concerns about professional licensure requirements | obtain/maintain professional licensure |
| physician shortage | n | /fɪˈzɪʃn ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ | thiếu hụt bác sĩ | Could help address physician shortage areas | address/alleviate physician shortage |
| macroeconomic considerations | n | /mækrəʊekəˈnɒmɪk kənsɪdəˈreɪʃnz/ | các xem xét vĩ mô | There are macroeconomic considerations regarding healthcare’s role | take into account macroeconomic considerations |
| economic engines | n | /ekəˈnɒmɪk ˈendʒɪnz/ | động lực kinh tế | Function as major employers and economic engines | serve as/act as economic engines |
| holistic approach | n | /həʊˈlɪstɪk əˈprəʊtʃ/ | cách tiếp cận toàn diện | The traditional model emphasizes the holistic patient-provider relationship | adopt/take a holistic approach |
| depersonalization | n | /diːpɜːsnlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | sự phi cá nhân hóa | Some worry about depersonalization of medicine | prevent/avoid depersonalization |
| equity-focused approaches | n | /ˈekwɪti ˈfəʊkəst əˈprəʊtʃɪz/ | các cách tiếp cận tập trung vào công bằng | Demands thoughtful, inclusive, and equity-focused approaches | implement/adopt equity-focused approaches |
| unintended harms | n | /ʌnɪnˈtendɪd hɑːmz/ | tác hại không mong muốn | Realizing potential while avoiding unintended harms | prevent/minimize unintended harms |
Các tác động kinh tế xã hội của dịch vụ y tế từ xa đối với cộng đồng
Kết bài
Chủ đề dịch vụ khám chữa bệnh từ xa sau COVID-19 không chỉ phản ánh xu hướng y tế hiện đại mà còn là một trong những chủ đề được ưa chuộng trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading những năm gần đây. Qua bộ đề thi mẫu này, bạn đã được trải nghiệm đầy đủ cả ba độ khó với 40 câu hỏi đa dạng, bao quát từ dạng câu hỏi cơ bản như True/False/Not Given cho đến các dạng phức tạp như Matching Headings và Short-answer Questions.
Ba passages đã cung cấp góc nhìn toàn diện về telehealth: từ sự phát triển ban đầu và lợi ích cơ bản (Passage 1), đến cơ sở hạ tầng công nghệ và ứng dụng lâm sàng (Passage 2), và cuối cùng là các tác động sâu rộng về kinh tế-xã hội (Passage 3). Độ khó tăng dần giúp bạn làm quen với cách tổ chức thông tin ngày càng phức tạp và từ vựng học thuật nâng cao.
Phần đáp án chi tiết không chỉ cung cấp key answers mà còn giải thích cách xác định vị trí thông tin, kỹ thuật paraphrase, và chiến lược xử lý từng dạng câu hỏi cụ thể. Bộ từ vựng được phân loại theo passage giúp bạn học các collocations quan trọng và hiểu cách sử dụng thuật ngữ chuyên ngành trong ngữ cảnh thực tế.
Để đạt hiệu quả cao nhất, hãy làm bài trong điều kiện thi thật (60 phút không ngắt quãng), sau đó đối chiếu đáp án và đọc kỹ phần giải thích để hiểu rõ lý do đúng-sai. Việc học từ vựng nên kết hợp với việc đọc lại passages để ghi nhớ cách sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh. Chúc bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!
