IELTS Reading: Sự Trỗi Dậy Của Bán Lẻ Trực Tuyến Trong Thị Trường Truyền Thống – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở Bài

Chủ đề về sự phát triển của thương mại điện tử và tác động của nó đến các thị trường bán lẻ truyền thống là một trong những đề tài xuất hiện thường xuyên trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading. Với sự bùng nổ của công nghệ số và thay đổi hành vi tiêu dùng toàn cầu, chủ đề “The Rise Of Online Retail In Traditional Markets” không chỉ có tính thời sự cao mà còn phản ánh xu hướng kinh tế – xã hội quan trọng mà ban giám khảo IELTS thường lựa chọn.

Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh với ba passages được thiết kế theo đúng chuẩn Cambridge, từ mức độ dễ đến khó. Bạn sẽ được trải nghiệm đầy đủ các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong kỳ thi thật, bao gồm Multiple Choice, True/False/Not Given, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác.

Sau mỗi passage, bạn sẽ nhận được đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích cụ thể về vị trí thông tin, kỹ thuật paraphrase và chiến lược làm bài hiệu quả. Phần từ vựng học thuật được trích xuất trực tiếp từ bài đọc sẽ giúp bạn nâng cao vốn từ một cách có hệ thống. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, đặc biệt hữu ích cho những bạn đang nhắm đến band 7.0+ trong phần Reading.

1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test kéo dài trong 60 phút với 40 câu hỏi được phân bổ đều qua 3 passages. Mỗi passage có độ dài khoảng 700-900 từ và độ khó tăng dần từ Passage 1 đến Passage 3. Điểm số của bạn được tính dựa trên số câu trả lời đúng, không bị trừ điểm khi sai.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó thấp nhất, nên làm nhanh để dành thời gian cho các passage khó hơn)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó trung bình, cần đọc kỹ và phân tích)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó cao nhất, từ vựng học thuật, cần thời gian suy luận)

Lưu ý quan trọng: Bạn cần chuyển đáp án sang answer sheet trong 60 phút này, không có thời gian bổ sung như phần Listening. Vì vậy, hãy quản lý thời gian thật chặt chẽ và không nên dành quá nhiều thời gian cho một câu hỏi khó.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm với 3-4 lựa chọn
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không được nhắc đến
3. Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định ý kiến của tác giả
4. Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn phù hợp
5. Summary Completion – Điền từ vào đoạn tóm tắt
6. Matching Features – Nối thông tin với đặc điểm tương ứng
7. Short-answer Questions – Trả lời câu hỏi ngắn

Mỗi dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc hiểu khác nhau và có chiến lược làm bài riêng. Hãy chú ý đến instructions của từng dạng câu hỏi để tránh mắc lỗi không đáng có.

2. IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Digital Transformation of Local Shopping Districts

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

The transformation of shopping habits has been one of the most dramatic changes in consumer behavior over the past two decades. Traditional high streets and local markets, once the backbone of retail commerce, are now facing unprecedented challenges from the rapid growth of online shopping platforms. This shift is not merely a technological change but represents a fundamental restructuring of how people interact with retail environments.

In the early 2000s, the typical shopping experience involved visiting physical stores, comparing products in person, and making immediate purchases. Brick-and-mortar retailers enjoyed several natural advantages: customers could touch and examine products, receive immediate assistance from sales staff, and take their purchases home instantly. These tactile and social aspects of shopping created a sense of community engagement that many consumers valued highly. Local markets and shopping districts served as social hubs where people would meet friends, enjoy refreshments, and spend leisurely afternoons browsing through various shops.

However, the landscape began to change dramatically with the proliferation of high-speed internet and the emergence of sophisticated e-commerce platforms. Companies like Amazon, Alibaba, and numerous specialized online retailers started offering unprecedented convenience. Consumers could now browse thousands of products from the comfort of their homes, compare prices instantly across multiple vendors, and have purchases delivered directly to their doorsteps. The convenience factor proved to be a powerful competitive advantage, particularly for busy professionals and parents who struggled to find time for traditional shopping trips.

The initial response from traditional retailers was often dismissive or slow. Many established businesses underestimated the disruptive potential of online shopping, believing that customers would always prefer the tangible experience of in-store shopping. This complacency proved costly, as numerous well-known retail chains found themselves losing market share rapidly. Department stores that had operated successfully for decades began reporting declining profits, and some iconic brands disappeared entirely from high streets across developed nations.

By the 2010s, the impact became impossible to ignore. Foot traffic in traditional shopping districts decreased significantly in many cities. Vacancy rates for retail spaces increased, and local councils struggled to maintain the vibrancy of town centers. The problem was particularly acute for businesses selling standardized products like books, electronics, and clothing, where online competitors could offer lower prices due to reduced overhead costs. Physical bookstores, music shops, and electronics retailers were among the first casualties of this digital revolution.

Yet the story is not simply one of decline for traditional retail. Perceptive businesses began to recognize that adaptation rather than resistance was the key to survival. Some retailers developed hybrid models, combining physical stores with robust online platforms. They realized that different customer segments had varying preferences and shopping needs. While some consumers prioritized convenience and price, others still valued the experiential aspects of shopping. Smart retailers began to differentiate their physical stores by offering services and experiences that online platforms could not replicate.

Click-and-collect services emerged as an innovative solution, allowing customers to order online and pick up purchases at convenient locations. This approach combined the browsing efficiency of online shopping with the immediate gratification of taking products home the same day. Some retailers transformed their stores into showrooms where customers could examine products before ordering them online, often at competitive prices. Others focused on creating destination shopping experiences, incorporating cafes, entertainment areas, and community spaces that gave people reasons to visit beyond simple transactional purposes.

The most successful traditional retailers also invested heavily in digital infrastructure, developing user-friendly websites and mobile applications. They recognized that an omnichannel approach—providing seamless integration between online and offline shopping—was essential for meeting modern consumer expectations. Customers increasingly expected to be able to check online whether stores had specific items in stock, reserve products for in-store pickup, or return online purchases at physical locations.

Moreover, certain product categories have proven more resistant to online displacement than others. Grocery shopping, for instance, has maintained a strong physical presence despite significant online growth. Many consumers prefer to select fresh produce, meat, and other perishables personally. Specialty items requiring expert advice, such as high-end cosmetics, professional tools, or complex electronics, also benefit from the consultative approach available in physical stores. Luxury retailers have found that the premium experience they offer in physical locations—including personalized service and exclusive atmospheres—remains highly valued by their target customers.

Chuyển đổi số của các cửa hàng bán lẻ truyền thống sang thương mại điện tử

Looking forward, the relationship between online and traditional retail continues to evolve. Rather than viewing them as opposing forces, many industry analysts now see them as complementary channels within an integrated retail ecosystem. The future likely belongs to retailers who can leverage the strengths of both approaches, using technology to enhance rather than replace the human elements of shopping. Traditional markets and high streets may never return to their former dominance, but they are finding new roles in a digitally enhanced retail landscape where physical and virtual shopping experiences increasingly intertwine.

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. In the early 2000s, traditional shopping provided immediate product delivery that online shopping could not match.

2. Amazon was the first e-commerce platform to offer online shopping services globally.

3. Many established retailers initially failed to recognize the threat posed by online shopping.

4. Foot traffic in shopping districts increased during the 2010s due to improved retail strategies.

5. Click-and-collect services allow customers to combine online ordering with same-day product collection.

Questions 6-9

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

6. According to the passage, what was a key advantage of traditional shopping in the early 2000s?

   • A) Lower prices than online alternatives
   • B) The ability to physically examine products
   • C) Faster delivery of purchases
   • D) Better customer loyalty programs

7. Which product category has remained relatively strong in physical retail?

   • A) Books and music
   • B) Electronics
   • C) Groceries and fresh food
   • D) Standardized clothing

8. The passage suggests that successful traditional retailers have:

   • A) Completely abandoned physical stores
   • B) Focused exclusively on price competition
   • C) Integrated online and offline shopping experiences
   • D) Returned to traditional business models

9. What does the passage say about the future of retail?

   • A) Online shopping will completely replace physical stores
   • B) Traditional retail will return to its former dominance
   • C) Physical and online retail will work as complementary systems
   • D) Consumers will prefer one channel exclusively

Questions 10-13

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Traditional retailers initially showed 10) __ toward online shopping threats, believing customers would always prefer physical stores. This attitude proved expensive as many businesses lost 11) __ rapidly. However, some retailers adapted by creating 12) __ that combined physical and online presence. The most successful approaches involved developing an 13) __ that integrated both shopping channels seamlessly.

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PASSAGE 2 – Economic and Social Implications of E-commerce Growth

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

The meteoric rise of e-commerce has triggered far-reaching consequences that extend well beyond simple changes in consumer purchasing patterns. As online retail penetration rates continue to climb across both developed and emerging markets, economists, urban planners, and policymakers are grappling with the multifaceted implications of this transformation. The shift from traditional retail to digital commerce represents not merely a technological evolution but a fundamental reconfiguration of economic structures, employment landscapes, and urban environments.

From an economic perspective, the growth of online retail has generated both opportunities and disruptions. On one hand, e-commerce has democratized access to markets, enabling small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to reach global customer bases without requiring significant capital investment in physical infrastructure. A craftsperson in rural Vietnam can now sell products to customers in New York or London through platforms like Etsy or Amazon Marketplace. This disintermediation—the removal of traditional middlemen—has created new pathways for value creation and has been particularly beneficial in developing economies where traditional retail infrastructure was limited.

However, the flip side of this democratization has been the concentration of market power in the hands of a few dominant platforms. Tech giants like Amazon, Alibaba, and JD.com now wield enormous influence over retail markets, raising concerns about monopolistic practices and their ability to dictate terms to suppliers and sellers. Small businesses that once competed on relatively level playing fields within local markets now find themselves competing in algorithm-driven marketplaces where visibility depends on complex, often opaque, ranking systems. The platform economy has created a new form of dependency, where businesses must navigate the rules and fee structures imposed by intermediary platforms that control access to customers.

The employment implications of e-commerce expansion present a similarly nuanced picture. While online retail has created millions of jobs in areas such as logistics, warehouse operations, digital marketing, and software development, it has simultaneously contributed to job losses in traditional retail sectors. Salespeople, cashiers, and store managers have seen their roles diminish as physical stores close or reduce their workforces. The jobs created by e-commerce often differ significantly from those they replace, requiring different skills and offering different working conditions.

Warehouse and fulfillment center positions—among the most common jobs created by e-commerce—have drawn particular scrutiny. These roles typically involve physically demanding work, often with performance targets that workers find challenging to meet. Labor advocates have raised concerns about working conditions, employment security, and the extent to which automation might eventually eliminate even these positions. The gig economy aspects of e-commerce, including delivery drivers working as independent contractors for various platforms, have introduced new questions about worker rights, benefits, and job stability.

Urban planning and community development face profound challenges from the retail transformation. Traditional shopping districts served multiple functions beyond commerce—they were gathering places that fostered community cohesion and contributed to urban vitality. As retail activity migrates online, many town centers and high streets have experienced decline, with empty storefronts creating visual blight and reducing foot traffic that supported other local businesses such as restaurants and cafes. Some communities have experienced a downward spiral where retail decline leads to reduced public investment, further deterioration, and eventual abandonment of once-thriving commercial areas.

Cities worldwide are experimenting with strategies to revitalize affected retail districts. Some are repurposing retail spaces for residential use, creating mixed-use developments that combine housing with commercial and recreational facilities. Others are focusing on creating experiential destinations—areas offering entertainment, dining, and cultural attractions that cannot be replicated online. Public investment in infrastructure, improved transportation links, and the creation of pedestrian-friendly environments have shown promise in some locations. However, these solutions require significant resources and coordinated planning, and their effectiveness varies considerably based on local contexts.

Tác động kinh tế xã hội của sự phát triển thương mại điện tử đến thị trường truyền thống

The environmental implications of e-commerce growth present another complex equation. Proponents argue that e-commerce can reduce overall carbon emissions by eliminating individual shopping trips and allowing more efficient route optimization for deliveries. Centralized warehousing and bulk transportation can theoretically be more efficient than thousands of individual car journeys to shopping centers. However, critics point to the environmental costs of increased packaging materials, the energy consumption of massive fulfillment centers, and the carbon footprint of rapid delivery services, particularly express options that prioritize speed over efficiency.

The last-mile delivery problem—getting products from distribution centers to individual homes—has proven particularly challenging from both economic and environmental perspectives. This final stage is often the most expensive and least efficient part of the supply chain. Companies are exploring various solutions, including drone delivery, autonomous vehicles, parcel lockers, and crowdsourced delivery models. However, each approach comes with its own set of challenges, costs, and environmental considerations.

Consumer behavior research reveals intriguing patterns in how people have adapted to expanded e-commerce options. Rather than wholesale abandonment of physical retail, many consumers now practice what researchers call “channel switching” or “showrooming”—examining products in physical stores before purchasing online, or conversely, researching online before buying in person. This behavior reflects a sophisticated approach to shopping where consumers seek to optimize various factors including price, convenience, and product assurance.

Demographic variables significantly influence e-commerce adoption and usage patterns. Younger consumers generally demonstrate greater comfort with online shopping and higher adoption rates, though this varies by product category and cultural context. Older consumers have shown increasing willingness to shop online, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced many previously reluctant shoppers to develop digital shopping skills. Income levels, education, and digital literacy also correlate with e-commerce usage, raising concerns about potential exclusion of certain demographic groups from the benefits of online retail.

Regulatory frameworks are struggling to keep pace with e-commerce evolution. Issues including consumer protection, data privacy, taxation, and cross-border trade regulations require ongoing adaptation. The question of whether and how online retailers should contribute to local tax bases—particularly when they compete with local businesses that do pay local taxes—remains contentious in many jurisdictions. Similarly, debates continue over platform liability for products sold through their marketplaces and the appropriate balance between facilitating innovation and protecting consumers.

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Questions 14-18

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

14. According to the passage, disintermediation in e-commerce refers to:

    • A) The increase in delivery costs
    • B) The removal of traditional middlemen
    • C) The growth of platform fees
    • D) The decline of small businesses

15. What concern does the passage raise about warehouse jobs in e-commerce?

    • A) They require too much technical training
    • B) They are only available in urban areas
    • C) They involve demanding physical work with strict targets
    • D) They pay significantly less than retail positions

16. How are some cities addressing the decline of retail districts?

    • A) By banning online retail operations
    • B) By creating mixed-use developments and experiential destinations
    • C) By reducing taxes on all businesses
    • D) By preventing residential development

17. What does “showrooming” refer to?

    • A) Only shopping in physical stores
    • B) Examining products in stores before buying online
    • C) Buying everything through mobile apps
    • D) Comparing prices between different online platforms

18. The passage suggests that demographic factors:

    • A) Have no impact on e-commerce usage
    • B) Only affect older consumers
    • C) Significantly influence online shopping patterns
    • D) Will become irrelevant in the future

Questions 19-23

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

19. Small businesses now compete in __ where their visibility depends on complex ranking systems.

20. E-commerce has created many jobs in logistics, warehouse operations, and __.

21. Empty storefronts in declining retail areas create __ and reduce foot traffic.

22. The __ refers to the challenge of delivering products from distribution centers to individual homes.

23. Regulatory issues that need addressing include consumer protection, data privacy, and __.

Questions 24-26

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the Reading Passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

24. E-commerce has definitely reduced overall carbon emissions compared to traditional retail.

25. The COVID-19 pandemic encouraged more older consumers to try online shopping.

26. All countries have successfully implemented effective e-commerce regulations.

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PASSAGE 3 – Technological Innovation and the Future Retail Ecosystem

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The convergence of multiple technological trajectories—including artificial intelligence, augmented reality, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G connectivity—is ushering in a new paradigm that transcends the traditional dichotomy between online and offline retail. This emergent ecosystem represents not merely an incremental evolution of existing e-commerce models but a fundamental reimagining of commercial transactions, customer engagement, and value creation. Understanding these developments requires moving beyond linear extrapolations of current trends to consider how synergistic interactions among diverse technologies might generate entirely novel retail experiences and business models.

Artificial intelligence has progressed far beyond simple recommendation algorithms to become a pervasive infrastructure underpinning virtually every aspect of modern retail operations. Machine learning models now orchestrate complex supply chain networks, predicting demand patterns with unprecedented accuracy by analyzing variables ranging from weather forecasts to social media sentiment. These systems can preemptively reposition inventory across distribution nodes, dramatically reducing delivery latencies while minimizing the capital tied up in stock. The sophistication of these predictive capabilities continues to advance, with some systems achieving forecast accuracy that exceeds human expert performance by substantial margins.

Natural language processing and computer vision technologies are transforming customer interfaces in equally profound ways. Conversational AI systems can now handle nuanced customer inquiries, understanding context, intent, and even emotional undertones in ways that previously required human intelligence. These systems operate across multiple languages and can seamlessly integrate information from diverse sources to provide comprehensive assistance. Visual search capabilities allow customers to photograph items they encounter in daily life and instantly locate similar products available for purchase, dissolving the traditional boundaries between inspiration and transaction.

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies promise to address one of e-commerce’s most persistent limitations—the inability to physically experience products before purchase. AR applications allow customers to visualize furniture in their homes, try on clothing and accessories virtually, or see how cosmetics would appear on their own faces. These technologies are advancing rapidly in fidelity and accessibility, with improving smartphone cameras and processing power making sophisticated AR experiences available without specialized equipment. Some forward-thinking retailers are creating fully immersive VR showrooms where customers can explore virtual spaces, examine products in detail, and complete purchases without leaving their homes—yet with an experiential richness that far exceeds traditional e-commerce interfaces.

The concept of “invisible commerce” represents perhaps the most radical departure from conventional retail models. This paradigm envisions shopping experiences so seamlessly integrated into daily life that they become virtually imperceptible as discrete commercial transactions. IoT-enabled devices could monitor household consumption patterns and autonomously reorder supplies before they run out, with customers simply setting preferences and budgets rather than actively managing purchases. Voice-activated assistants might handle routine shopping tasks through natural conversation, while wearable devices could facilitate frictionless payments through biometric authentication.

Amazon Go stores exemplify an intermediate step toward this vision, using computer vision and sensor fusion to enable shopping without explicit checkout processes. Customers simply take items from shelves and leave, with purchases automatically charged to their accounts. While currently limited in scale and product range, these “just walk out” technologies demonstrate the technical feasibility of dramatically reducing transactional friction. As such systems become more sophisticated and cost-effective, they could proliferate across various retail formats, fundamentally altering the phenomenology of shopping.

Công nghệ tương lai trong hệ sinh thái bán lẻ kết hợp AI và thực tế ảo tăng cường

Blockchain technology and distributed ledger systems could address persistent challenges around supply chain transparency, product authentication, and consumer trust. By creating immutable records of product provenance, these technologies enable consumers to verify the authenticity of luxury goods, confirm ethical sourcing claims, or trace food products back to their origins. Smart contracts—self-executing agreements encoded in blockchain systems—could automate various aspects of commercial transactions, from warranty activation to loyalty program management, reducing administrative overhead while increasing reliability and transparency.

The personalization frontier extends well beyond current collaborative filtering approaches to encompass what researchers term “hyper-personalization”—the creation of individualized experiences based on comprehensive behavioral profiles, real-time contextual data, and predictive modeling of preferences and needs. These systems might adjust product presentations, pricing strategies, and promotional offers for each individual customer, optimizing for factors including purchase probability, lifetime value potential, and current emotional state. While such capabilities offer the potential for highly satisfying customer experiences, they also raise profound ethical questions about manipulation, privacy, and the appropriate boundaries of commercial persuasion.

The “phygital” convergence—the blending of physical and digital retail experiences—represents an increasingly important strategic direction. Rather than viewing online and offline channels as alternatives, leading-edge retailers are creating unified experiences where customers move fluidly between digital and physical touchpoints based on their needs and preferences. A shopping journey might begin with social media inspiration, progress through AR product visualization at home, include an in-store visit to consult with an expert advisor (who has access to the customer’s complete browsing history), and conclude with home delivery scheduled through a mobile app. Each touchpoint generates data that enriches the overall customer profile, enabling progressively more refined personalization.

Social commerce—the integration of shopping functionality within social media platforms—is gaining substantial traction, particularly in Asian markets where platforms like WeChat and Douyin have become comprehensive commercial ecosystems. These “super apps” integrate social interaction, content consumption, entertainment, and commerce within unified interfaces, creating shopping experiences that feel less like discrete transactions and more like natural extensions of social activity. Live-streaming commerce, where influencers demonstrate and sell products in real-time broadcasts, has proven remarkably effective, generating billions in sales and creating new forms of entertainment-retail hybrid experiences.

The sustainability imperative is increasingly shaping retail innovation trajectories. Circular economy models—designed to minimize waste through reuse, refurbishment, and recycling—are gaining traction, facilitated by digital platforms that track product lifecycles and coordinate reverse logistics. Some retailers are experimenting with rental and subscription models that shift focus from product ownership to access and use. Local fulfillment strategies, including micro-warehouses located in urban areas and crowdsourced delivery by local community members, aim to reduce environmental impact while improving delivery speed and reliability.

However, these technological possibilities raise important questions about social equity and inclusive access. As retail experiences become increasingly technology-dependent, there is risk of creating a two-tier system where digitally sophisticated consumers enjoy superior experiences and pricing while those with limited technological literacy or access face diminished options. The concentration of data and algorithmic power in the hands of a few dominant platforms raises concerns about market competition, consumer autonomy, and the potential for discriminatory practices encoded in ostensibly neutral algorithms.

Regulatory frameworks must evolve to address these challenges while fostering continued innovation. This requires delicate balancing—establishing guardrails around issues like data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and market competition without stifling the experimentation and rapid iteration that drive technological progress. Different jurisdictions are taking varied approaches, from the European Union’s relatively prescriptive regulations like GDPR to more principles-based frameworks in other regions. The optimal approach likely varies based on cultural values, market structures, and institutional capabilities.

The future retail landscape will almost certainly be characterized by greater diversity rather than convergence toward a single model. Different consumers, products, and contexts will favor different combinations of technological capabilities and human interaction. While some shopping experiences may become nearly autonomous, others will retain or even enhance human elements, recognizing that for many consumers and product categories, the social and experiential aspects of shopping hold intrinsic value beyond mere acquisition of goods. The retailers that thrive will be those that develop sophisticated understanding of which technologies genuinely enhance customer value in specific contexts and possess the organizational agility to adapt as technologies and preferences continue to evolve.

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Questions 27-31

Complete the summary using the list of phrases, A-K, below.

Modern retail is being transformed by the convergence of multiple technologies. Artificial intelligence now manages 27) __ by predicting demand and positioning inventory efficiently. Technologies like 28) __ allow customers to visualize products in their own environments before purchasing. The concept of 29) __ envisions shopping experiences that are seamlessly integrated into daily life. Meanwhile, 30) __ can provide transparent records of product origins and authenticity. The future may involve 31) __, where customers move fluidly between digital and physical shopping experiences.

A. blockchain technology
B. social commerce
C. augmented reality
D. complex supply chains
E. invisible commerce
F. computer vision
G. phygital convergence
H. rental models
I. voice assistants
J. delivery networks
K. recommendation systems

Questions 32-36

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

32. AI systems can now predict retail demand more accurately than human experts in all cases.

33. Amazon Go stores allow customers to shop without going through traditional checkout processes.

34. Blockchain technology can help consumers verify the authenticity of products they purchase.

35. All consumers prefer technology-driven shopping experiences over traditional methods.

36. The European Union has adopted a principles-based approach to e-commerce regulation.

Questions 37-40

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

37. What term describes shopping experiences that blend physical and digital retail?

38. What type of economy model focuses on minimizing waste through reuse and recycling?

39. What concern is raised about consumers with limited technological access?

40. According to the passage, what quality will successful retailers need besides understanding technology?

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3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. TRUE
2. NOT GIVEN
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. complacency / dismissive
11. market share
12. hybrid models
13. omnichannel approach

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. B
15. C
16. B
17. B
18. C
19. algorithm-driven marketplaces
20. digital marketing
21. visual blight
22. last-mile delivery
23. cross-border trade
24. NOT GIVEN
25. YES
26. NOT GIVEN

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. D
28. C
29. E
30. A
31. G
32. FALSE
33. TRUE
34. TRUE
35. FALSE
36. FALSE
37. phygital (convergence)
38. circular economy
39. diminished options
40. organizational agility

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4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: early 2000s, traditional shopping, immediate product delivery
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Bài đọc đề cập “customers could…take their purchases home instantly” (khách hàng có thể mang hàng về nhà ngay lập tức), điều mà mua sắm trực tuyến không thể làm được. Đây là paraphrase của “immediate product delivery” trong câu hỏi.

Câu 2: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Amazon, first e-commerce platform, globally
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc chỉ nói Amazon là một trong những công ty nổi bật (“Companies like Amazon, Alibaba…”), nhưng không khẳng định Amazon là công ty đầu tiên cung cấp dịch vụ mua sắm trực tuyến trên toàn cầu.

Câu 3: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: established retailers, initially failed to recognize, threat
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “The initial response from traditional retailers was often dismissive or slow. Many established businesses underestimated the disruptive potential” – điều này paraphrase “failed to recognize the threat” trong câu hỏi.

Câu 4: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: foot traffic, shopping districts, increased, 2010s
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “Foot traffic in traditional shopping districts decreased significantly” (giảm đáng kể), mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với “increased” trong câu hỏi.

Câu 5: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Click-and-collect, online ordering, same-day collection
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “Click-and-collect services emerged…allowing customers to order online and pick up purchases…This approach combined…with the immediate gratification of taking products home the same day” – khớp hoàn toàn với thông tin câu hỏi.

Câu 6: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: key advantage, traditional shopping, early 2000s
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “customers could touch and examine products” là lợi thế quan trọng được nhấn mạnh. Các đáp án khác không được đề cập như là lợi thế chính.

Câu 7: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: product category, remained strong, physical retail
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “Grocery shopping…has maintained a strong physical presence” với lý do “consumers prefer to select fresh produce, meat, and other perishables personally”.

Câu 8: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: successful traditional retailers
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: “invested heavily in digital infrastructure…omnichannel approach—providing seamless integration between online and offline shopping” – đây chính là paraphrase của đáp án C.

Câu 9: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: future of retail
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “many industry analysts now see them as complementary channels within an integrated retail ecosystem” – khớp với đáp án C về hệ thống bổ sung cho nhau.

Câu 10: complacency / dismissive

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: initially showed, toward online shopping threats
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: “The initial response…was often dismissive” và “This complacency proved costly” – cả hai từ đều phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.

Câu 11: market share

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: lost, rapidly
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “found themselves losing market share rapidly” – khớp chính xác với câu hỏi.

Câu 12: hybrid models

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: adapted, creating, combined physical and online
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: “Some retailers developed hybrid models, combining physical stores with robust online platforms”.

Câu 13: omnichannel approach

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: developing, integrated both shopping channels
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 3
• Giải thích: “an omnichannel approach—providing seamless integration between online and offline shopping” – paraphrase của “integrated both shopping channels”.

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Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: disintermediation, refers to
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: “This disintermediation—the removal of traditional middlemen” – định nghĩa rõ ràng được đưa ra ngay trong câu.

Câu 15: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: concern, warehouse jobs
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “typically involve physically demanding work, often with performance targets that workers find challenging to meet” – khớp với đáp án C về công việc đòi hỏi thể lực với chỉ tiêu khắt khe.

Câu 16: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: cities addressing, decline of retail districts
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: “repurposing retail spaces…creating mixed-use developments” và “focusing on creating experiential destinations” – cả hai giải pháp này được nêu trong đáp án B.

Câu 17: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: showrooming, refers to
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 10, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: “examining products in physical stores before purchasing online” – định nghĩa trực tiếp của showrooming.

Câu 18: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: demographic factors
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 11, dòng 1
• Giải thích: “Demographic variables significantly influence e-commerce adoption and usage patterns” – khẳng định rõ ràng về tác động đáng kể.

Câu 19: algorithm-driven marketplaces

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: small businesses, compete, visibility depends
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: “competing in algorithm-driven marketplaces where visibility depends on complex…ranking systems” – khớp chính xác.

Câu 20: digital marketing

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: created jobs, logistics, warehouse operations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “created millions of jobs in areas such as logistics, warehouse operations, digital marketing” – liệt kê trong chuỗi các lĩnh vực.

Câu 21: visual blight

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: empty storefronts, create
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 4
• Giải thích: “empty storefronts creating visual blight and reducing foot traffic” – cụm từ xuất hiện chính xác.

Câu 22: last-mile delivery

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: problem, distribution centers to individual homes
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: “The last-mile delivery problem—getting products from distribution centers to individual homes” – định nghĩa rõ ràng.

Câu 23: cross-border trade

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: regulatory issues, consumer protection, data privacy
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 12, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Issues including consumer protection, data privacy, taxation, and cross-border trade regulations” – một trong các vấn đề được liệt kê.

Câu 24: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: definitely reduced, carbon emissions
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8
• Giải thích: Bài viết nêu cả hai mặt “Proponents argue…can reduce” và “critics point to environmental costs”, không khẳng định chắc chắn đã giảm (definitely reduced).

Câu 25: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: COVID-19 pandemic, encouraged, older consumers, online shopping
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 11, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “Older consumers…shown increasing willingness to shop online, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced many previously reluctant shoppers to develop digital shopping skills” – khớp với quan điểm tác giả.

Câu 26: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all countries, successfully implemented, effective regulations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 12
• Giải thích: Bài viết chỉ nói “Regulatory frameworks are struggling to keep pace”, không đề cập tất cả các nước đã thành công.

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Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: D (complex supply chains)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion with word list
• Từ khóa: AI, manages, predicting demand, positioning inventory
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “Machine learning models now orchestrate complex supply chain networks, predicting demand patterns…repositioning inventory” – khớp với “complex supply chains”.

Câu 28: C (augmented reality)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion with word list
• Từ khóa: visualize products, their own environments
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “Augmented reality (AR)…allow customers to visualize furniture in their homes, try on clothing…virtually” – AR là công nghệ được mô tả.

Câu 29: E (invisible commerce)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion with word list
• Từ khóa: concept, shopping experiences seamlessly integrated
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-2
• Giải thích: “The concept of ‘invisible commerce’…shopping experiences so seamlessly integrated into daily life” – khái niệm được định nghĩa rõ ràng.

Câu 30: A (blockchain technology)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion with word list
• Từ khóa: transparent records, product origins, authenticity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “Blockchain technology…could address…creating immutable records of product provenance…verify the authenticity” – blockchain được nêu cụ thể.

Câu 31: G (phygital convergence)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion with word list
• Từ khóa: move fluidly, digital and physical shopping
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “The ‘phygital’ convergence…customers move fluidly between digital and physical touchpoints” – thuật ngữ và định nghĩa được đưa ra.

Câu 32: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: AI predict, more accurately than human experts, all cases
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: “some systems achieving forecast accuracy that exceeds human expert performance by substantial margins” – chỉ nói “some systems” (một số hệ thống), không phải tất cả trường hợp.

Câu 33: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Amazon Go, shop without traditional checkout
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “Amazon Go stores exemplify…using computer vision…to enable shopping without explicit checkout processes. Customers simply take items…and leave” – khớp hoàn toàn.

Câu 34: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: blockchain, verify authenticity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “enable consumers to verify the authenticity of luxury goods, confirm ethical sourcing claims” – xác nhận trực tiếp.

Câu 35: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all consumers prefer, technology-driven
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 13, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “Different consumers…will favor different combinations…some shopping experiences may become nearly autonomous, others will retain…human elements” – cho thấy sở thích đa dạng, không phải tất cả đều thích công nghệ.

Câu 36: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: European Union, principles-based approach
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 14, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: “from the European Union’s relatively prescriptive regulations like GDPR to more principles-based frameworks in other regions” – EU có quy định “prescriptive” (chi tiết, cụ thể), không phải “principles-based”.

Câu 37: phygital (convergence)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: term, blend physical and digital retail
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 9, dòng 1
• Giải thích: “The ‘phygital’ convergence—the blending of physical and digital retail experiences” – thuật ngữ được định nghĩa rõ ràng.

Câu 38: circular economy

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: economy model, minimizing waste, reuse, recycling
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 11, dòng 2
• Giải thích: “Circular economy models—designed to minimize waste through reuse, refurbishment, and recycling” – định nghĩa trực tiếp.

Câu 39: diminished options

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: concern, consumers, limited technological access
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 12, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: “those with limited technological literacy or access face diminished options” – khớp với câu hỏi về mối lo ngại.

Câu 40: organizational agility

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer Questions
• Từ khóa: successful retailers need, besides understanding technology
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 13, dòng 5-6
• Giải thích: “develop sophisticated understanding of which technologies…and possess the organizational agility to adapt” – agility là phẩm chất thứ hai được nhấn mạnh.

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5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
transformation	n	/ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn/	sự chuyển đổi, biến đổi	The transformation of shopping habits has been dramatic	digital transformation, undergo transformation
backbone	n	/ˈbækbəʊn/	trụ cột, nền tảng	Traditional high streets…were the backbone of retail commerce	economic backbone, backbone of society
brick-and-mortar	adj	/brɪk ənd ˈmɔːtə(r)/	(cửa hàng) truyền thống, có địa điểm vật lý	Brick-and-mortar retailers enjoyed several natural advantages	brick-and-mortar store, brick-and-mortar business
proliferation	n	/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/	sự phổ biến, lan rộng	the proliferation of high-speed internet	rapid proliferation, nuclear proliferation
complacency	n	/kəmˈpleɪsnsi/	sự tự mãn, chủ quan	This complacency proved costly	dangerous complacency, sense of complacency
disruptive	adj	/dɪsˈrʌptɪv/	gây đột phá, phá vỡ	underestimated the disruptive potential of online shopping	disruptive technology, disruptive innovation
foot traffic	n	/fʊt ˈtræfɪk/	lượng người qua lại, khách bộ hành	Foot traffic in traditional shopping districts decreased	increase foot traffic, heavy foot traffic
vacancy rate	n	/ˈveɪkənsi reɪt/	tỷ lệ bỏ trống (cửa hàng/văn phòng)	Vacancy rates for retail spaces increased	high vacancy rate, rising vacancy rate
overhead costs	n	/ˈəʊvəhed kɒsts/	chi phí hoạt động	online competitors could offer lower prices due to reduced overhead costs	reduce overhead costs, minimize overhead
omnichannel	adj	/ˈɒmnɪtʃænl/	đa kênh (tích hợp nhiều kênh bán hàng)	an omnichannel approach was essential	omnichannel strategy, omnichannel retail
leverage	v	/ˈliːvərɪdʒ/	tận dụng, khai thác	retailers who can leverage the strengths	leverage technology, leverage resources

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
meteoric rise	n phrase	/ˌmiːtiˈɒrɪk raɪz/	sự tăng trưởng vượt bậc	The meteoric rise of e-commerce	meteoric success, meteoric career
far-reaching	adj	/fɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/	có tác động sâu rộng	triggered far-reaching consequences	far-reaching implications, far-reaching reforms
penetration rate	n	/ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃn reɪt/	tỷ lệ thâm nhập thị trường	online retail penetration rates continue to climb	market penetration rate, high penetration
disintermediation	n	/dɪsˌɪntəˌmiːdiˈeɪʃn/	sự loại bỏ trung gian	This disintermediation has created new pathways	financial disintermediation
monopolistic	adj	/məˌnɒpəˈlɪstɪk/	độc quyền	raising concerns about monopolistic practices	monopolistic behavior, monopolistic market
nuanced	adj	/ˈnjuːɑːnst/	tinh tế, nhiều sắc thái	present a similarly nuanced picture	nuanced understanding, nuanced approach
fulfillment center	n	/fʊlˈfɪlmənt ˈsentə(r)/	trung tâm xử lý đơn hàng	Warehouse and fulfillment center positions	distribution and fulfillment
gig economy	n	/ɡɪɡ ɪˈkɒnəmi/	nền kinh tế việc làm tự do	The gig economy aspects of e-commerce	gig economy workers, gig economy jobs
community cohesion	n	/kəˈmjuːnəti kəʊˈhiːʒn/	sự gắn kết cộng đồng	fostered community cohesion	strengthen community cohesion, social cohesion
visual blight	n	/ˈvɪʒuəl blaɪt/	cảnh quan xấu xí	creating visual blight	urban blight, environmental blight
last-mile delivery	n	/lɑːst maɪl dɪˈlɪvəri/	vận chuyển chặng cuối	The last-mile delivery problem	last-mile logistics, last-mile solution
showrooming	n	/ˈʃəʊruːmɪŋ/	xem hàng tại cửa hàng rồi mua online	consumers…practice showrooming	showrooming behavior, reverse showrooming
digital literacy	n	/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈlɪtərəsi/	kỹ năng số	Income levels…and digital literacy correlate with usage	improve digital literacy, digital literacy skills
crowdsourced delivery	n	/kraʊdsɔːst dɪˈlɪvəri/	giao hàng cộng đồng	exploring crowdsourced delivery models	crowdsourced logistics
route optimization	n	/ruːt ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃn/	tối ưu hóa lộ trình	allowing more efficient route optimization	delivery route optimization

Từ vựng IELTS Reading chủ đề bán lẻ trực tuyến và thương mại điện tử

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
convergence	n	/kənˈvɜːdʒəns/	sự hội tụ	The convergence of multiple technological trajectories	digital convergence, technological convergence
emergent	adj	/ɪˈmɜːdʒənt/	mới nổi, đang hình thành	This emergent ecosystem	emergent technologies, emergent properties
synergistic	adj	/ˌsɪnəˈdʒɪstɪk/	hiệp đồng, tương hỗ	synergistic interactions among technologies	synergistic effect, synergistic relationship
pervasive	adj	/pəˈveɪsɪv/	lan tràn, phổ biến	become a pervasive infrastructure	pervasive technology, pervasive influence
orchestrate	v	/ˈɔːkɪstreɪt/	điều phối, tổ chức	Machine learning models orchestrate complex supply chains	orchestrate operations, carefully orchestrated
preemptively	adv	/priˈemptɪvli/	phủ đầu, trước khi xảy ra	can preemptively reposition inventory	act preemptively, strike preemptively
latency	n	/ˈleɪtənsi/	độ trễ	reducing delivery latencies	network latency, low latency
augmented reality	n	/ɔːɡˌmentɪd riˈæləti/	thực tế tăng cường	Augmented reality (AR) technologies	AR applications, AR experience
fidelity	n	/fɪˈdeləti/	độ chính xác, độ trung thực	advancing rapidly in fidelity and accessibility	high fidelity, audio fidelity
immersive	adj	/ɪˈmɜːsɪv/	đắm chìm, sống động	creating fully immersive VR showrooms	immersive experience, immersive environment
imperceptible	adj	/ˌɪmpəˈseptəbl/	không thể nhận ra	become virtually imperceptible	almost imperceptible, imperceptible change
autonomously	adv	/ɔːˈtɒnəməsli/	một cách tự động	could autonomously reorder supplies	operate autonomously, function autonomously
frictionless	adj	/ˈfrɪkʃənləs/	không ma sát, trơn tru	facilitate frictionless payments	frictionless experience, frictionless commerce
biometric authentication	n	/ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪk ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/	xác thực sinh trắc học	through biometric authentication	biometric security, biometric data
blockchain	n	/ˈblɒktʃeɪn/	chuỗi khối	Blockchain technology could address challenges	blockchain platform, blockchain transaction
immutable	adj	/ɪˈmjuːtəbl/	không thể thay đổi	creating immutable records	immutable law, immutable truth
provenance	n	/ˈprɒvənəns/	nguồn gốc, xuất xứ	immutable records of product provenance	establish provenance, verify provenance
hyper-personalization	n	/ˌhaɪpə pɜːsənəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/	cá nhân hóa siêu cao	what researchers term hyper-personalization	hyper-personalized marketing
phygital	adj	/ˈfɪdʒɪtl/	kết hợp vật lý và kỹ thuật số	The phygital convergence	phygital experience, phygital retail
touchpoint	n	/ˈtʌtʃpɔɪnt/	điểm tiếp xúc (với khách hàng)	move fluidly between digital and physical touchpoints	customer touchpoint, multiple touchpoints
super app	n	/ˈsuːpər æp/	siêu ứng dụng	platforms…have become super apps	super app ecosystem
circular economy	n	/ˈsɜːkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi/	nền kinh tế tuần hoàn	Circular economy models	circular economy principles, transition to circular economy
reverse logistics	n	/rɪˈvɜːs ləˈdʒɪstɪks/	hậu cần đảo ngược	coordinate reverse logistics	reverse logistics management
algorithmic	adj	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk/	thuật toán	algorithmic power in the hands of platforms	algorithmic bias, algorithmic trading
prescriptive	adj	/prɪˈskrɪptɪv/	mang tính quy định, chi tiết	the EU’s relatively prescriptive regulations	prescriptive approach, prescriptive rules
agility	n	/əˈdʒɪləti/	sự linh hoạt, nhanh nhẹn	possess the organizational agility to adapt	business agility, strategic agility

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Kết Bài

Chủ đề “The rise of online retail in traditional markets” không chỉ phản ánh một xu hướng công nghệ mà còn là một hiện tượng kinh tế – xã hội phức tạp đang định hình lại cách chúng ta mua sắm, làm việc và tương tác với không gian đô thị. Đề thi mẫu này đã cung cấp cho bạn trải nghiệm toàn diện về cách IELTS tiếp cận chủ đề đương đại này qua ba góc độ: từ những thay đổi cơ bản trong hành vi người tiêu dùng (Passage 1), đến các tác động kinh tế và xã hội sâu rộng (Passage 2), và cuối cùng là các công nghệ tiên tiến đang định hình tương lai của ngành bán lẻ (Passage 3).

Ba passages với độ khó tăng dần đã giúp bạn làm quen với nhiều dạng câu hỏi khác nhau – từ True/False/Not Given yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc hiểu chi tiết, đến Matching Headings đòi hỏi khả năng nắm bắt ý chính, và Summary Completion kiểm tra hiểu biết tổng thể. Mỗi dạng câu hỏi đều được thiết kế để phản ánh chính xác những gì bạn sẽ gặp trong kỳ thi thật.

Phần đáp án chi tiết không chỉ cung cấp đáp án đúng mà còn giải thích cặn kẽ vị trí thông tin, kỹ thuật paraphrase mà ban giám khảo thường sử dụng, và chiến lược để tránh những “cạm bẫy” phổ biến. Việc hiểu rõ lý do tại sao một đáp án đúng quan trọng không kém việc biết đáp án là gì, vì nó giúp bạn phát triển kỹ năng tư duy phản biện cần thiết cho band điểm cao.

Bộ từ vựng được trích xuất từ ba passages – với hơn 40 từ và cụm từ học thuật quan trọng – sẽ là tài liệu quý giá cho việc nâng cao vốn từ của bạn. Những từ này không chỉ hữu ích cho phần Reading mà còn có thể áp dụng cho Writing Task 2 khi bạn viết về các chủ đề liên quan đến công nghệ, kinh tế và xã hội. Hãy dành thời gian học các collocation đi kèm để sử dụng từ vựng một cách tự nhiên và chính xác.

Để tận dụng tối đa đề thi này, bạn nên: (1) Làm bài trong điều kiện thi thật với đồng hồ bấm giờ 60 phút, (2) Tự chấm điểm và phân tích những câu sai để hiểu rõ lỗi của mình, (3) Đọc lại các passages không giới hạn thời gian để học từ vựng và cấu trúc câu, và (4) Thực hành lại những dạng câu hỏi mà bạn còn yếu. Hãy nhớ rằng, việc làm một đề thi chất lượng và phân tích kỹ lưỡng có giá trị hơn nhiều so với việc làm qua loa nhiều đề. Chúc bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt được band điểm mục tiêu trong kỳ thi IELTS sắp tới!