IELTS Reading: Top Tips for Networking – Đề thi mẫu có đáp án chi tiết

Networking – kỹ năng xây dựng và phát triển mạng lưới quan hệ – là một chủ đề phổ biến trong IELTS Reading, thường xuất hiện dưới dạng bài đọc về phát triển sự nghiệp, kỹ năng mềm hoặc giao tiếp trong môi trường làm việc. Chủ đề này kết hợp kiến thức từ tâm lý học xã hội, quản trị kinh doanh và phát triển cá nhân, đòi hỏi người học không chỉ hiểu từ vựng mà còn nắm bắt được các chiến lược networking hiệu quả.

Trong bài viết này, bạn sẽ được thực hành với một đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh gồm 3 passages từ dễ đến khó, bao gồm 40 câu hỏi đa dạng giống thi thật. Mỗi passage tập trung vào các khía cạnh khác nhau của networking: từ những nguyên tắc cơ bản cho người mới bắt đầu, đến các chiến lược nâng cao trong môi trường chuyên nghiệp, và cuối cùng là phân tích sâu về tác động của công nghệ đến networking hiện đại. Bài viết cung cấp đầy đủ đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích, từ vựng quan trọng và các kỹ thuật làm bài thực chiến. Đề thi này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên muốn rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu về chủ đề phát triển nghề nghiệp.

Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm, không bị trừ điểm khi sai. Độ khó tăng dần từ Passage 1 đến Passage 3, đòi hỏi chiến lược phân bổ thời gian hợp lý.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (13 câu hỏi)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (14 câu hỏi)

Lưu ý dành 2-3 phút cuối để kiểm tra và chuyển đáp án vào answer sheet. Trong phòng thi không có thời gian bổ sung cho việc này.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. Multiple Choice – Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm
2. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không có
3. Matching Information – Nối thông tin với đoạn văn
4. Yes/No/Not Given – Xác định quan điểm tác giả
5. Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn
6. Summary Completion – Hoàn thành tóm tắt
7. Sentence Endings – Nối phần đầu và cuối câu

Mỗi dạng yêu cầu kỹ năng đọc hiểu khác nhau, từ scanning (quét thông tin chi tiết) đến skimming (nắm ý chính) và critical reading (đọc phân tích).

IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – Building Your Professional Network: A Beginner’s Guide

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

Networking has become an essential skill in today’s professional world, yet many people find it intimidating or even overwhelming. The concept of networking simply refers to the process of establishing and maintaining professional relationships that can provide mutual benefits throughout one’s career. Unlike what many beginners believe, networking is not about collecting business cards or adding connections on social media without purpose. Instead, it is about building genuine relationships based on shared interests, mutual respect, and the willingness to help others.

The first fundamental principle of networking is to start with authenticity. People can easily detect insincerity, and forced conversations rarely lead to meaningful connections. When attending networking events, conferences, or even casual meetups, the most effective approach is to be yourself and show genuine interest in others. This means asking thoughtful questions about their work, their challenges, and their achievements, rather than immediately talking about your own accomplishments or needs. Active listening is perhaps the most underrated skill in networking, as it demonstrates respect and helps you identify common ground with potential contacts.

Preparation is another crucial element of successful networking. Before attending any event, take time to research the attendees, the speakers, and the organisations represented. This background knowledge allows you to engage in more meaningful discussions and shows that you value the opportunity to connect. Additionally, prepare a concise introduction about yourself that highlights your professional identity without sounding like a rehearsed sales pitch. This introduction, often called an “elevator pitch”, should be no longer than 30 seconds and should spark interest rather than provide your entire career history.

Following up after initial meetings is where many aspiring networkers fail. The true value of networking lies not in the number of people you meet, but in the quality of relationships you maintain. Within 24 to 48 hours after meeting someone, send a personalised message referencing specific points from your conversation. This could be a LinkedIn connection request with a customised note, an email sharing an article relevant to a topic you discussed, or even a simple message expressing appreciation for their insights. These follow-up actions demonstrate professionalism and help cement the connection in the other person’s memory.

Giving before receiving is a networking philosophy that separates successful networkers from those who struggle. Many people approach networking with a “what can I get from this?” mentality, which can make them appear self-serving and transactional. Instead, adopt a mindset of offering value first. This could involve sharing knowledge, making introductions between contacts who could benefit from knowing each other, recommending someone for an opportunity, or simply offering encouragement and support. When you consistently provide value to your network, people naturally want to reciprocate, creating a positive cycle of mutual assistance.

Diversity in your network is equally important. While it’s natural to gravitate towards people in your own industry or career stage, a varied network offers broader perspectives and more opportunities. Cross-industry connections can provide fresh insights into problem-solving and may lead to unexpected collaborations. Similarly, connecting with people at different career levels – from peers to mentors to those less experienced – creates a richer and more dynamic network. Junior professionals might offer innovative ideas and energy, while senior leaders can provide wisdom and strategic guidance.

Technology has made networking more accessible than ever, but it should complement rather than replace in-person interactions. Online platforms like LinkedIn are valuable tools for maintaining connections and expanding reach, but they work best when combined with face-to-face meetings. The depth of relationship that can be built through a 30-minute coffee meeting often surpasses months of digital exchanges. However, for those with geographical constraints or time limitations, virtual networking through online communities, webinars, and video calls provides viable alternatives.

Finally, remember that networking is a long-term investment rather than a quick fix. Building a strong professional network takes time, consistency, and patience. You might not see immediate results from your networking efforts, but the relationships you cultivate today can become invaluable resources years down the line. Some of the most successful professionals attribute their career advancement to connections made early in their professional journey. The key is to approach networking as an ongoing practice rather than something you do only when you need a job or a favour.

Questions 1-13

Questions 1-5: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

1. According to the passage, networking is primarily about
   A) collecting as many business cards as possible
   B) creating authentic professional relationships
   C) using social media effectively
   D) attending as many events as possible

2. What does the author suggest is the most underrated networking skill?
   A) Public speaking
   B) Writing emails
   C) Active listening
   D) Self-promotion

3. An “elevator pitch” should be
   A) delivered in an elevator
   B) longer than one minute
   C) a complete career history
   D) brief and interesting

4. According to the passage, follow-up messages should be sent
   A) within 24 to 48 hours
   B) after one week
   C) immediately at the event
   D) whenever convenient

5. The author suggests that a diverse network provides
   A) more business cards
   B) broader perspectives
   C) easier job searches
   D) faster promotions

Questions 6-9: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. Forced conversations usually result in meaningful professional connections.
7. Researching attendees before an event shows you value the networking opportunity.
8. Most networking events require formal business attire.
9. Online networking should completely replace face-to-face meetings.

Questions 10-13: Matching Information

Match the following statements (10-13) with the correct paragraph (A-H). You may use any letter more than once.

A – Paragraph 1
B – Paragraph 2
C – Paragraph 3
D – Paragraph 4
E – Paragraph 5
F – Paragraph 6
G – Paragraph 7
H – Paragraph 8

10. Networking requires patience and should be viewed as a continuous activity.
11. Being genuinely yourself is more effective than pretending to be someone else.
12. Helping others before asking for help creates a positive networking cycle.
13. Meeting people from various industries and experience levels enriches your network.

Kỹ năng networking cơ bản cho người mới bắt đầu xây dựng mạng lưới quan hệ chuyên nghiệp

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PASSAGE 2 – Strategic Networking: Advanced Techniques for Career Growth

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

While basic networking principles remain constant, high-performing professionals employ sophisticated strategies that transcend conventional approaches. Strategic networking involves the deliberate cultivation of relationships that align with your long-term career objectives while simultaneously contributing to the professional development of others. This nuanced approach requires not only interpersonal skills but also analytical thinking and strategic planning.

One advanced technique involves mapping your network strategically. This goes beyond simply knowing who’s in your network; it requires understanding the relationships between your contacts and identifying gaps that could limit your professional reach. Network mapping involves categorising your connections into different spheres: core contacts (those you interact with regularly), secondary contacts (people you know but engage with less frequently), and peripheral contacts (acquaintances or indirect connections). By visualising these relationships, you can identify strategic opportunities for expansion and recognise which connections might serve as bridges to new professional circles. This analytical approach helps you allocate your networking time and energy more effectively, focusing on relationships that offer the most mutual value.

Relationship reciprocity becomes more complex at advanced networking levels. While beginners focus on simple exchanges – “I help you, you help me” – experienced networkers understand the principle of delayed reciprocity and indirect returns. Not every relationship will yield immediate benefits, nor should it be expected to. Instead, sophisticated networkers build social capital by creating value webs where assistance flows through multiple channels. For instance, you might help Person A with no direct benefit, but Person A later connects you with Person B, who becomes a crucial collaborator on a significant project. This understanding of complex reciprocity networks requires patience and a genuine commitment to collective success rather than individual gain.

Positioning yourself as a “connector” or “hub” within your network can exponentially increase your professional value. Hub individuals are those who facilitate connections between others, becoming central nodes in their professional ecosystems. This role requires maintaining a comprehensive understanding of your contacts’ skills, needs, and objectives, enabling you to make strategic introductions that benefit multiple parties. When you consistently broker valuable connections, you become indispensable to your network, and people naturally think of you when opportunities arise. However, this position comes with responsibility – your reputation depends on the quality of introductions you make, so due diligence is essential before connecting people.

Thought leadership represents another powerful networking strategy often overlooked by mid-career professionals. By establishing yourself as an expert in your field through content creation, public speaking, or publishing research, you create networking opportunities that come to you rather than requiring active pursuit. When you contribute valuable insights to your professional community, people seek you out, reversing the traditional networking dynamic. This could involve writing articles for industry publications, presenting at conferences, hosting webinars, or maintaining a thought-provoking professional blog. The key is consistency and genuine expertise – superficial contributions or self-promotional content can damage your reputation rather than enhance it.

Cultural intelligence has become increasingly critical in our globalised professional environment. Effective networking across cultures requires understanding and respecting different communication styles, business etiquette, and relationship-building norms. What constitutes appropriate networking behaviour in one culture might be considered forward or even offensive in another. For example, in some Asian cultures, relationship-building occurs gradually through multiple interactions before business discussions begin, while Western business culture often combines relationship development and business talk more immediately. Culturally intelligent networkers adapt their approaches based on context, demonstrating respect and sensitivity that builds trust across diverse groups.

The concept of “weak ties” deserves particular attention in advanced networking. Research by sociologist Mark Granovetter revealed that weak ties – casual acquaintances rather than close friends – often provide more valuable career opportunities. This counterintuitive finding occurs because your close contacts typically circulate in the same professional spheres as you, accessing similar information and opportunities. Weak ties, however, bridge you to different networks, exposing you to novel information and opportunities you wouldn’t encounter through your close connections alone. Strategic networkers therefore maintain and occasionally nurture these peripheral relationships, understanding their potential value.

Managing network maintenance becomes challenging as your network grows. You cannot maintain close relationships with hundreds or thousands of contacts, nor should you try. Instead, develop a systematic approach to relationship maintenance that balances different levels of engagement. This might include categorising contacts by relationship depth and strategic importance, then allocating appropriate attention to each category. High-priority contacts might warrant monthly check-ins, while peripheral contacts might receive quarterly touchpoints or annual messages. Technology tools like CRM systems or contact management apps can help track interactions and set reminders, ensuring that valuable relationships don’t deteriorate through unintentional neglect.

Questions 14-26

Questions 14-18: Yes/No/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

14. Strategic networking requires both social and analytical abilities.
15. All networking relationships should provide immediate benefits.
16. Being a connector in your network increases your professional importance.
17. Thought leadership is only effective for senior executives.
18. Close friends provide more career opportunities than casual acquaintances.

Questions 19-22: Matching Headings

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number (i-viii) next to questions 19-22.

List of Headings:
i. The importance of technology in networking
ii. Understanding complex patterns of mutual assistance
iii. Analyzing and organizing your professional connections
iv. Building expertise to attract opportunities
v. The role of social media in modern networking
vi. Maintaining relationships over time
vii. Becoming a central connection point for others
viii. International networking challenges

19. Paragraph B
20. Paragraph C
21. Paragraph D
22. Paragraph E

Questions 23-26: Summary Completion

Complete the summary below using words from the box.

Write the correct letter (A-L) next to questions 23-26.

A) formal B) cultural C) immediate D) indirect
E) professional F) personal G) systematic H) random
I) weekly J) annual K) similar L) diverse

Cultural intelligence is essential for networking in today’s (23)__ environment. Different cultures have varying expectations about networking behaviour. Close contacts often operate in (24)__ professional circles, providing access to the same opportunities. Therefore, maintaining (25)__ connections with less familiar contacts can be valuable. As networks expand, a (26)__ approach to relationship maintenance becomes necessary.

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PASSAGE 3 – The Digital Transformation of Professional Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The advent of digital technologies has fundamentally altered the landscape of professional networking, creating paradigm shifts that challenge traditional assumptions about relationship formation and maintenance. While face-to-face interactions once constituted the primary vehicle for professional connection, contemporary networking increasingly transpires through digital platforms, virtual communities, and technology-mediated communications. This transformation has engendered both unprecedented opportunities for global connectivity and complex challenges regarding relationship authenticity, information overload, and the commodification of professional relationships. Understanding this evolving landscape requires critical examination of how digital tools reshape not merely the mechanics of networking but its fundamental nature and underlying dynamics.

Social capital theory provides a useful framework for analyzing digital networking phenomena. Scholars distinguish between bonding social capital – the strong ties within homogeneous groups that provide emotional support and solidarity – and bridging social capital – the weak ties across diverse groups that facilitate information flow and opportunity access. Digital platforms demonstrate remarkable efficacy in generating bridging capital, enabling professionals to establish connections across geographical, organisational, and sectoral boundaries that would have been prohibitively difficult in the pre-digital era. A software developer in Mumbai can now readily connect with potential collaborators in Silicon Valley, while a marketing specialist in London can engage with thought leaders across multiple continents. This democratisation of network access has diminished some traditional barriers to opportunity, particularly for professionals in geographically isolated regions or those lacking access to elite institutions.

However, the scale and velocity of digital networking introduce distinctive challenges. The quantification of connections through metrics such as follower counts, connection numbers, and engagement rates has created what sociologists term “metric fixation” – an overemphasis on measurable indicators that may not correlate with relationship quality or professional value. This phenomenon can incentivise superficial accumulation of connections rather than cultivation of meaningful relationships. Research indicates that the optimal network size for maintaining genuine relationships is considerably smaller than the connection counts many professionals amass on digital platforms. Anthropologist Robin Dunbar’s research suggests cognitive limits to the number of stable relationships humans can maintain – approximately 150, with only about 50 close relationships and 15 intimate connections. Digital platforms enable far larger networks, but these inflated numbers may create an illusion of connectivity while actually representing shallow, transactional associations.

The asynchronous nature of digital communication presents both advantages and limitations. Asynchronous interactions – those not occurring in real-time – allow for more thoughtful, deliberate communication and accommodate participants across different time zones and schedules. This flexibility facilitates networking for professionals balancing demanding schedules or those with caregiving responsibilities that might preclude frequent in-person networking. Moreover, written digital communications create searchable records that can be referenced later, potentially strengthening relationship continuity. Conversely, asynchronous communication lacks the immediate feedback, non-verbal cues, and spontaneous rapport-building that characterise face-to-face interaction. The absence of vocal tone, facial expressions, and body language can lead to misinterpretations and makes establishing trust more challenging, particularly in nascent relationships.

Algorithmic curation constitutes another critical dimension of digital networking platforms. Algorithms determine which content appears in users’ feeds, which connection suggestions are presented, and which interactions receive amplification. While these algorithms ostensibly optimise user experience by surfacing relevant content and connections, they simultaneously shape network formation in ways that may reinforce existing biases and limit serendipitous encounters. Recommendation algorithms typically prioritise connections with similar backgrounds, interests, and existing networks, potentially creating “echo chambers” that diminish network diversity. Furthermore, these algorithmic processes generally remain opaque to users, who exercise little control over the mechanisms governing their digital networking experience. This lack of algorithmic transparency raises concerns about whether digital platforms truly expand professional opportunities equitably or inadvertently perpetuate existing inequalities.

The persistence and searchability of digital information introduce reputational considerations absent from traditional networking. Online profiles, shared content, and digital interactions create a permanent record that prospective employers, clients, and collaborators can scrutinise. This visibility can enhance professional reputation when managed strategically – through consistent, high-quality content sharing, thoughtful engagement with industry discussions, and maintenance of professional online presence. However, it also means that ill-considered posts, controversial opinions, or even innocent comments taken out of context can have lasting negative consequences. The blurring of professional and personal boundaries on many digital platforms further complicates this dynamic, as content intended for personal networks may become accessible to professional contacts, potentially undermining carefully constructed professional personas.

Emerging technologies promise to further transform digital networking. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being deployed to facilitate connection-making, analyse network structures, and optimise relationship management. AI-powered tools can identify potential collaborators based on complementary skills, predict which relationships might yield mutual benefit, and even draft personalised outreach messages. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies may soon enable more immersive networking experiences that approximate face-to-face interaction while retaining digital convenience and global reach. However, these technological advances also intensify concerns about authenticity, privacy, and the potential dehumanisation of professional relationships. If algorithms increasingly mediate networking decisions, what becomes of the intuition, emotional intelligence, and human judgment that have traditionally guided relationship formation?

The optimal approach to networking in this digital era likely involves strategic integration of digital and traditional methods rather than wholesale adoption of either. Research suggests that “hybrid networkers” – those who leverage digital tools to initiate and maintain connections while prioritising in-person interaction for deepening key relationships – often achieve superior outcomes. Digital platforms can efficiently expand network breadth, facilitate initial contact, and maintain peripheral relationships, while face-to-face meetings build the trust, rapport, and emotional connection that underpin the most valuable professional relationships. This balanced approach acknowledges both the affordances of digital technology and the enduring importance of human connection, adapting strategies to leverage each modality’s strengths while mitigating its limitations.

Chuyển đổi số trong mạng lưới quan hệ chuyên nghiệp và thách thức công nghệ

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-31: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

27. According to the passage, social capital theory distinguishes between
    A) old and new networking methods
    B) strong ties and weak ties in networks
    C) digital and face-to-face networking
    D) personal and professional relationships

28. The term “metric fixation” refers to
    A) the use of mathematical formulas in networking
    B) the measurement of relationship quality
    C) excessive focus on quantifiable indicators
    D) the speed of digital communication

29. According to Dunbar’s research, humans can maintain approximately
    A) 15 stable relationships
    B) 50 stable relationships
    C) 150 stable relationships
    D) unlimited digital connections

30. Asynchronous communication allows for
    A) immediate feedback and spontaneous interaction
    B) better non-verbal cue interpretation
    C) more thoughtful and deliberate responses
    D) faster relationship building

31. “Hybrid networkers” are described as people who
    A) only use digital networking tools
    B) avoid all digital platforms
    C) combine digital and traditional networking methods
    D) rely exclusively on face-to-face meetings

Questions 32-36: Matching Sentence Endings

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.

Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 32-36.

32. Digital platforms excel at generating bridging capital because they enable
33. Algorithmic curation may inadvertently limit
34. The permanent nature of digital information means that
35. Artificial intelligence in networking can be used to
36. Virtual and augmented reality technologies might provide

A) network diversity by reinforcing existing patterns.
B) professionals must carefully manage their online reputation.
C) connections across geographical and sectoral boundaries.
D) more human interaction in professional settings.
E) identify potential collaborators with complementary skills.
F) immediate emotional connections with strangers.
G) complete privacy in all professional communications.
H) networking experiences that feel more like face-to-face interaction.

Questions 37-40: Short-answer Questions

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.

37. What type of communication lacks the immediate feedback found in face-to-face interaction?

38. What do recommendation algorithms typically prioritise when suggesting connections?

39. What two qualities, along with human judgment, have traditionally guided relationship formation?

40. What should digital platforms be used to expand, according to the passage?

Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
8. NOT GIVEN
9. FALSE
10. H
11. B
12. E
13. F

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. YES
15. NO
16. YES
17. NOT GIVEN
18. NO
19. iii
20. ii
21. vii
22. iv
23. E (professional)
24. K (similar)
25. D (indirect)
26. G (systematic)

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. B
28. C
29. C
30. C
31. C
32. C
33. A
34. B
35. E
36. H
37. asynchronous communication / digital communication
38. similar backgrounds / existing networks
39. intuition, emotional intelligence
40. network breadth

Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: networking, primarily about
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: Passage nói rõ “networking simply refers to the process of establishing and maintaining professional relationships that can provide mutual benefits” và nhấn mạnh “building genuine relationships”. Đáp án B (creating authentic professional relationships) là paraphrase chính xác của ý này. Các đáp án khác bị bác bỏ trực tiếp trong bài.

Câu 2: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: most underrated networking skill
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 7-8
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói rõ “Active listening is perhaps the most underrated skill in networking”. Đây là thông tin trực tiếp không cần paraphrase.

Câu 3: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: elevator pitch, should be
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Passage mô tả elevator pitch “should be no longer than 30 seconds and should spark interest rather than provide your entire career history”. Đáp án D (brief and interesting) tóm tắt chính xác yêu cầu này.

Câu 6: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: forced conversations, meaningful connections
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói “forced conversations rarely lead to meaningful connections”, điều này mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với statement “usually result in meaningful professional connections”.

Câu 7: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: researching attendees, value opportunity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 2-3
• Giải thích: Passage nêu rõ việc có background knowledge “shows that you value the opportunity to connect”, trùng khớp hoàn toàn với statement.

Câu 10: H

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: patience, continuous activity
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8 (cuối cùng)
• Giải thích: Đoạn cuối nói về networking là “long-term investment” và “ongoing practice”, khớp với ý “continuous activity” và yêu cầu “patience”.

Câu 12: E

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: helping others first, positive cycle
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5
• Giải thích: Đoạn 5 thảo luận về “giving before receiving” và mô tả “positive cycle of mutual assistance” khi bạn “provide value first”.

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: strategic networking, social and analytical abilities
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Passage nói strategic networking “requires not only interpersonal skills but also analytical thinking and strategic planning”. Interpersonal skills = social abilities, analytical thinking = analytical abilities.

Câu 15: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all relationships, immediate benefits
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-4
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ “Not every relationship will yield immediate benefits, nor should it be expected to”, điều này mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với statement.

Câu 18: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: close friends, more opportunities, casual acquaintances
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7
• Giải thích: Passage giải thích nghiên cứu của Granovetter cho thấy “weak ties – casual acquaintances rather than close friends – often provide more valuable career opportunities”, mâu thuẫn với statement.

Câu 19: iii

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Paragraph B: Về network mapping và categorising connections
• Giải thích: Đoạn B tập trung vào việc “understanding the relationships between contacts and identifying gaps”, “categorising connections into different spheres” – đây là “analyzing and organizing professional connections”.

Câu 20: ii

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Headings
• Paragraph C: Về relationship reciprocity và delayed reciprocity
• Giải thích: Đoạn C thảo luận về “complex reciprocity networks”, “indirect returns”, “value webs” – tất cả liên quan đến “complex patterns of mutual assistance”.

Câu 23: E (professional)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, câu đầu
• Giải thích: “Cultural intelligence has become increasingly critical in our globalised professional environment” – từ cần điền mô tả môi trường làm việc toàn cầu.

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: social capital theory, distinguishes
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài viết giải thích rõ scholars “distinguish between bonding social capital – the strong ties… and bridging social capital – the weak ties”. Đáp án B paraphrase chính xác điều này.

Câu 28: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: metric fixation
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Passage định nghĩa metric fixation là “an overemphasis on measurable indicators”, tương đương với “excessive focus on quantifiable indicators” trong đáp án C.

Câu 29: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Dunbar’s research, maintain approximately
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 8-9
• Giải thích: Bài viết nêu rõ “Anthropologist Robin Dunbar’s research suggests cognitive limits… approximately 150”. Đây là thông tin cụ thể về số lượng stable relationships.

Câu 32: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Sentence Endings
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Passage nói “Digital platforms demonstrate remarkable efficacy in generating bridging capital, enabling professionals to establish connections across geographical, organisational, and sectoral boundaries”.

Câu 37: asynchronous communication / digital communication

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer (NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 6-7
• Giải thích: “Asynchronous communication lacks the immediate feedback… that characterise face-to-face interaction”. Câu trả lời trực tiếp từ văn bản.

Câu 39: intuition, emotional intelligence

• Dạng câu hỏi: Short-answer (NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, câu cuối
• Giải thích: Bài viết đề cập “the intuition, emotional intelligence, and human judgment that have traditionally guided relationship formation”. Cần ghi hai từ đầu theo yêu cầu đề bài.

Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
intimidating	adj	/ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪŋ/	đáng sợ, gây e ngại	Many people find it intimidating	intimidating atmosphere, intimidating task
overwhelming	adj	/ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/	choáng ngợp	…even overwhelming	overwhelming experience, overwhelming amount
mutual benefits	n	/ˈmjuːtʃuəl ˈbenɪfɪts/	lợi ích chung, đôi bên cùng có lợi	…provide mutual benefits	mutual benefit, mutual understanding
genuine	adj	/ˈdʒenjuɪn/	chân thật, thực sự	building genuine relationships	genuine interest, genuine concern
authenticity	n	/ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/	tính xác thực, chân thực	start with authenticity	authenticity matters, lack authenticity
detect	v	/dɪˈtekt/	phát hiện, nhận ra	People can easily detect insincerity	detect problems, detect patterns
insightful	adj	/ˈɪnsaɪtfʊl/	sâu sắc, có hiểu biết sâu	their insights	insightful comments, insightful analysis
reciprocate	v	/rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt/	đáp lại, báo đáp	people naturally want to reciprocate	reciprocate feelings, reciprocate kindness
gravitate towards	phrasal v	/ˈɡrævɪteɪt təˈwɔːdz/	bị thu hút về, nghiêng về	gravitate towards people	gravitate naturally, gravitate toward success
cultivate	v	/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/	nuôi dưỡng, trau dồi	relationships you cultivate	cultivate relationships, cultivate skills
invaluable	adj	/ɪnˈvæljuəbl/	vô giá, quý báu	invaluable resources	invaluable experience, invaluable asset
attribute	v	/əˈtrɪbjuːt/	quy cho, cho là do	attribute their career advancement	attribute success to, attribute failure to

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
sophisticated	adj	/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/	phức tạp, tinh vi	sophisticated strategies	sophisticated approach, sophisticated system
transcend	v	/trænˈsend/	vượt qua, vượt trội	transcend conventional approaches	transcend boundaries, transcend expectations
deliberate	adj	/dɪˈlɪbərət/	cố ý, có chủ tâm	deliberate cultivation	deliberate action, deliberate attempt
nuanced	adj	/ˈnjuːɑːnst/	tinh tế, nhiều sắc thái	nuanced approach	nuanced understanding, nuanced view
peripheral	adj	/pəˈrɪfərəl/	ngoại vi, ở rìa	peripheral contacts	peripheral vision, peripheral role
reciprocity	n	/ˌresɪˈprɒsəti/	sự có đi có lại	relationship reciprocity	principle of reciprocity, reciprocity norm
exponentially	adv	/ˌekspəˈnenʃəli/	theo cấp số nhân	exponentially increase	grow exponentially, increase exponentially
facilitate	v	/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/	tạo điều kiện, hỗ trợ	facilitate connections	facilitate communication, facilitate learning
indispensable	adj	/ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/	không thể thiếu	become indispensable	indispensable tool, indispensable resource
broker	v	/ˈbrəʊkə(r)/	làm trung gian, môi giới	broker valuable connections	broker deals, broker agreements
due diligence	n	/djuː ˈdɪlɪdʒəns/	sự thẩm định cẩn thận	due diligence is essential	conduct due diligence, exercise due diligence
counterintuitive	adj	/ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/	trái với trực giác	counterintuitive finding	counterintuitive result, counterintuitive idea
circulate	v	/ˈsɜːkjəleɪt/	lưu thông, truyền bá	circulate in the same spheres	circulate information, circulate widely
deteriorate	v	/dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt/	xấu đi, suy giảm	don’t deteriorate	deteriorate rapidly, deteriorate over time
unintentional	adj	/ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənl/	vô tình, không cố ý	unintentional neglect	unintentional harm, unintentional mistake

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
advent	n	/ˈædvent/	sự ra đời, sự xuất hiện	the advent of digital technologies	advent of technology, advent of social media
paradigm shift	n	/ˈpærədaɪm ʃɪft/	sự thay đổi mô hình tư duy	creating paradigm shifts	paradigm shift in thinking, major paradigm shift
transpire	v	/trænˈspaɪə(r)/	diễn ra, xảy ra	increasingly transpires	transpire during, transpire that
engender	v	/ɪnˈdʒendə(r)/	tạo ra, gây nên	has engendered opportunities	engender trust, engender conflict
commodification	n	/kəˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/	sự hàng hóa hóa	commodification of relationships	commodification of culture, commodification of education
homogeneous	adj	/ˌhɒməˈdʒiːniəs/	đồng nhất, giống nhau	within homogeneous groups	homogeneous group, homogeneous society
efficacy	n	/ˈefɪkəsi/	hiệu quả, hiệu lực	demonstrate remarkable efficacy	efficacy of treatment, efficacy in doing
prohibitively	adv	/prəˈhɪbɪtɪvli/	một cách cấm đoán, quá mức	prohibitively difficult	prohibitively expensive, prohibitively high
democratisation	n	/dɪˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃn/	sự dân chủ hóa	democratisation of network access	democratisation of information, democratisation of education
velocity	n	/vəˈlɒsəti/	tốc độ, vận tốc	scale and velocity	velocity of change, high velocity
metric fixation	n	/ˈmetrɪk fɪkˈseɪʃn/	sự ám ảnh về số liệu	term “metric fixation”	metric fixation problem, avoid metric fixation
amass	v	/əˈmæs/	tích lũy, thu thập	connection counts many professionals amass	amass wealth, amass data
asynchronous	adj	/eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/	không đồng bộ	asynchronous nature	asynchronous communication, asynchronous learning
algorithmic curation	n	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk kjʊəˈreɪʃn/	sự tuyển chọn bằng thuật toán	algorithmic curation constitutes	algorithmic curation system, algorithmic curation process
echo chamber	n	/ˈekəʊ ˌtʃeɪmbə(r)/	buồng vang (môi trường chỉ nghe ý kiến tương đồng)	creating “echo chambers”	echo chamber effect, trapped in echo chamber
opaque	adj	/əʊˈpeɪk/	mờ đục, không rõ ràng	algorithmic processes remain opaque	opaque system, opaque language
perpetuate	v	/pəˈpetʃueɪt/	duy trì, làm tồn tại mãi	inadvertently perpetuate	perpetuate myths, perpetuate inequality
scrutinise	v	/ˈskruːtənaɪz/	xem xét kỹ lưỡng	can scrutinise	scrutinise carefully, scrutinise closely
affordance	n	/əˈfɔːdəns/	khả năng cho phép, tiềm năng	affordances of digital technology	affordances of technology, design affordances

Từ vựng IELTS Reading chủ đề networking và phát triển sự nghiệp

Kết Bài

Chủ đề networking xuất hiện ngày càng thường xuyên trong IELTS Reading do tầm quan trọng của nó trong môi trường làm việc hiện đại. Ba passages trong bài viết này đã cung cấp đầy đủ các mức độ khó từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, giúp bạn làm quen với cách IELTS kiểm tra hiểu biết về chủ đề này. Passage 1 giới thiệu các nguyên tắc cơ bản phù hợp với band 5.0-6.5, Passage 2 đi sâu vào các chiến lược nâng cao cho band 6.0-7.5, và Passage 3 phân tích học thuật về tác động của công nghệ phù hợp với band 7.0-9.0.

Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích đã giúp bạn hiểu rõ cách xác định thông tin trong bài, nhận biết paraphrase, và áp dụng chiến lược cho từng dạng câu hỏi. Đặc biệt, các bảng từ vựng với phiên âm, nghĩa và collocations sẽ hỗ trợ bạn không chỉ trong Reading mà còn trong Writing và Speaking khi bàn về chủ đề phát triển sự nghiệp.

Để đạt hiệu quả tối đa, hãy làm lại đề thi này sau một tuần, chú ý cải thiện thời gian làm bài và tỷ lệ chính xác. Những kỹ thuật như skimming để nắm ý chính, scanning để tìm thông tin cụ thể, và nhận diện paraphrase là chìa khóa để thành công trong IELTS Reading. Tương tự như top digital marketing strategies, việc áp dụng các chiến lược networking hiệu quả đòi hỏi sự kết hợp giữa kiến thức lý thuyết và thực hành liên tục. Hãy kiên trì luyện tập và bạn sẽ thấy sự tiến bộ rõ rệt trong kỹ năng đọc hiểu của mình.