IELTS Reading: Giám Sát Kỹ Thuật Số và Quyền Tự Do Công Dân – Đề Thi Mẫu Có Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Mở Bài

Chủ đề giám sát kỹ thuật số (digital surveillance) và tác động của nó đối với quyền tự do công dân (civil liberties) đang ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong các kỳ thi IELTS Reading gần đây. Với sự phát triển vượt bậc của công nghệ và những tranh cãi về quyền riêng tư trong kỷ nguyên số, Cambridge IELTS và British Council thường xuyên đưa chủ đề này vào đề thi ở cả ba cấp độ.

Bài viết này cung cấp cho bạn một bộ đề thi IELTS Reading hoàn chỉnh gồm 3 passages với độ khó tăng dần từ Easy đến Hard, bao quát toàn bộ 40 câu hỏi chuẩn IELTS. Bạn sẽ được thực hành với đa dạng các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến như True/False/Not Given, Multiple Choice, Matching Headings, Summary Completion và nhiều dạng khác.

Đặc biệt, mỗi câu hỏi đều có đáp án chính xác kèm giải thích chi tiết về vị trí thông tin, kỹ thuật paraphrase và cách tiếp cận hiệu quả. Bạn cũng sẽ học được hơn 40 từ vựng quan trọng liên quan đến công nghệ, quyền riêng tư và xã hội hiện đại – những từ thường xuyên xuất hiện trong IELTS Academic Reading.

Bộ đề này phù hợp cho học viên từ band 5.0 trở lên, giúp bạn làm quen với format thi thật và nâng cao kỹ năng đọc hiểu học thuật một cách bài bản.

1. Hướng Dẫn Làm Bài IELTS Reading

Tổng Quan Về IELTS Reading Test

IELTS Reading Test kéo dài 60 phút với 3 passages và tổng cộng 40 câu hỏi. Mỗi câu trả lời đúng được tính 1 điểm, không bị trừ điểm khi sai.

Phân bổ thời gian khuyến nghị:

• Passage 1: 15-17 phút (độ khó Easy, band 5.0-6.5)
• Passage 2: 18-20 phút (độ khó Medium, band 6.0-7.5)
• Passage 3: 23-25 phút (độ khó Hard, band 7.0-9.0)

Lưu ý dành 2-3 phút cuối để chuyển đáp án vào answer sheet và kiểm tra lại.

Các Dạng Câu Hỏi Trong Đề Này

Đề thi mẫu này bao gồm 7 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Reading:

1. True/False/Not Given – Xác định thông tin đúng/sai/không đề cập
2. Multiple Choice – Chọn đáp án đúng trong 3-4 phương án
3. Matching Headings – Nối tiêu đề phù hợp với đoạn văn
4. Summary Completion – Điền từ vào bản tóm tắt
5. Matching Information – Xác định đoạn văn chứa thông tin
6. Sentence Completion – Hoàn thành câu với từ trong bài
7. Short-answer Questions – Trả lời ngắn gọn không quá 3 từ

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2. IELTS Reading Practice Test

PASSAGE 1 – The Rise of Public Surveillance Systems

Độ khó: Easy (Band 5.0-6.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 15-17 phút

Over the past two decades, surveillance cameras have become an increasingly ubiquitous feature of modern cities. From London to Beijing, millions of cameras now monitor public spaces, recording the daily movements of citizens as they go about their business. This proliferation of surveillance technology has been driven primarily by concerns about public safety and crime prevention, but it has also raised important questions about privacy and individual freedoms.

The United Kingdom leads the world in the deployment of closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems. According to recent estimates, there are approximately six million surveillance cameras operating across Britain – that’s roughly one camera for every eleven citizens. London alone has over 500,000 cameras, making it one of the most heavily monitored cities on the planet. Local authorities and police departments argue that this extensive network has been instrumental in reducing crime rates and helping to solve criminal cases. Indeed, CCTV footage has played a crucial role in numerous high-profile investigations, from terrorist attacks to street robberies.

Proponents of surveillance systems point to several tangible benefits. First, the presence of cameras acts as a deterrent to potential criminals, who are less likely to commit offenses if they know they are being watched. Second, when crimes do occur, recorded footage provides valuable evidence that can lead to arrests and convictions. Third, surveillance systems can help emergency services respond more quickly to accidents and incidents. In many cities, traffic management centres use cameras to monitor road conditions and direct police, ambulance, or fire services to areas where they are needed.

However, critics argue that the expansion of surveillance infrastructure has come at a significant cost to civil liberties. Privacy advocates express concern that constant monitoring creates a “chilling effect” on public behavior, where people feel unable to act freely knowing they are being watched. This, they suggest, undermines the fundamental democratic principle that citizens should be free to go about their daily lives without unwarranted observation by the state. There are also worries about data security and the potential for misuse of surveillance footage by those who have access to it.

The effectiveness of CCTV systems in preventing crime remains a subject of debate among researchers. Some studies have found that cameras can reduce certain types of crime, particularly vehicle-related offenses in parking areas. However, other research suggests that surveillance systems may simply displace crime to areas without cameras rather than preventing it altogether. A comprehensive review conducted by the British Home Office found that CCTV was most effective when combined with other security measures, such as improved lighting and increased police patrols, rather than being relied upon as a standalone solution.

Technological advances have significantly enhanced the capabilities of modern surveillance systems. Many cameras now feature high-definition resolution, allowing operators to identify individuals from considerable distances. Facial recognition technology, which can automatically identify people by comparing camera footage to databases of photographs, is being deployed in an increasing number of locations. Some systems can even analyze behavior patterns and alert operators to “suspicious activities” based on predetermined criteria. While these innovations make surveillance more effective, they also intensify concerns about privacy and the potential for mass monitoring of the population.

Different countries have adopted varying approaches to regulating surveillance technology. In Germany, strict privacy laws limit where cameras can be placed and how footage can be used, reflecting the country’s historical sensitivity about state surveillance. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has established guidelines for the collection and storage of personal data, including images captured by surveillance cameras. In contrast, countries like China have embraced surveillance technology with fewer restrictions, deploying systems that integrate facial recognition with other databases to create comprehensive citizen tracking networks.

As surveillance technology continues to evolve, societies face challenging questions about finding the right balance between security and privacy. While few people would argue against using cameras to protect public safety, there is growing recognition that oversight and accountability mechanisms are needed to prevent abuse. Transparency about where cameras are located, how footage is used, and who has access to it is considered essential by many civil liberties organizations. Some experts advocate for sunset clauses in surveillance programs, requiring regular review and justification for their continuation rather than allowing them to expand indefinitely.

Questions 1-13

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?

Write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. The UK has more surveillance cameras per person than any other country in the world.
2. CCTV footage has been used successfully in solving major criminal investigations.
3. All research studies agree that surveillance cameras effectively reduce crime rates.
4. Modern surveillance cameras can identify people using facial recognition technology.
5. Germany has more restrictive laws on surveillance than most European countries.

Questions 6-9

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

6. According to the passage, one of the main reasons for installing surveillance cameras is:

   • A) to reduce traffic congestion
   • B) to improve public safety
   • C) to monitor government buildings
   • D) to collect data on citizens

7. The “chilling effect” mentioned in the passage refers to:

   • A) the cost of surveillance systems
   • B) the technical problems with cameras
   • C) people feeling less free when being watched
   • D) the reduction in crime rates

8. Research on CCTV effectiveness suggests it works best when:

   • A) used alone in high-crime areas
   • B) combined with other security measures
   • C) only monitoring vehicle crimes
   • D) operated by private companies

9. The passage suggests that China’s approach to surveillance is:

   • A) more restricted than European countries
   • B) similar to Germany’s system
   • C) less regulated than many other nations
   • D) based on GDPR guidelines

Questions 10-13

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. London has over 500,000 cameras, making it one of the most __ cities globally.
11. Privacy advocates worry that surveillance footage could be subject to __ by people with access to it.
12. Some surveillance systems can analyze __ and identify suspicious activities automatically.
13. Civil liberties organizations emphasize the need for __ about camera locations and footage usage.

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PASSAGE 2 – Digital Data Collection and Personal Privacy

Độ khó: Medium (Band 6.0-7.5)

Thời gian đề xuất: 18-20 phút

While physical surveillance cameras represent the most visible form of monitoring in contemporary society, they constitute merely the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the comprehensive tracking of citizens in the digital age. The proliferation of smartphones, internet services, and interconnected devices has created an unprecedented capacity for governments and corporations to collect, analyze, and store vast quantities of personal information. This digital surveillance infrastructure, often invisible to those it monitors, has profound implications for civil liberties that extend far beyond the concerns raised by traditional CCTV systems.

A

The smartphone has become perhaps the most powerful surveillance device ever created, yet billions of people carry one voluntarily. These devices continuously generate metadata about their users – information about location, communication patterns, app usage, and online behavior. Even when not actively being used, smartphones typically maintain connections to cellular networks and Wi-Fi access points, creating a detailed record of their owner’s movements throughout the day. This location data, when aggregated over time, can reveal extraordinarily intimate details about a person’s life: where they live and work, what religious institutions they attend, which medical facilities they visit, and whom they spend time with.

B

Governments around the world have sought to leverage this data for law enforcement and national security purposes. In many jurisdictions, police and intelligence agencies can obtain historical location data from telecommunications companies, often without requiring a traditional search warrant. Proponents argue that such access is essential for investigating serious crimes and preventing terrorist attacks. The ability to track suspects’ movements, identify their associates, and establish patterns of behavior has become a crucial tool in modern criminal investigations. However, the same capabilities that make this data valuable for law enforcement also make it susceptible to abuse.

C

The legal frameworks governing digital surveillance have struggled to keep pace with technological change. Many privacy laws were written in an era before smartphones and internet services became ubiquitous, and they often fail to provide adequate protection for the types of data that modern technologies generate. In the United States, for example, the Fourth Amendment protects citizens against “unreasonable searches,” but courts have grappled with how this eighteenth-century principle applies to digital information. The “third-party doctrine,” which holds that people have no reasonable expectation of privacy for information they voluntarily share with third parties, has allowed government agencies to collect vast amounts of data from technology companies without obtaining warrants. Critics argue that this doctrine is fundamentally incompatible with modern life, where essential activities from banking to communication require sharing data with intermediary services.

D

The mass collection of communications data has become particularly controversial following revelations by whistleblower Edward Snowden in 2013. Documents disclosed by Snowden revealed that the National Security Agency (NSA) had been conducting widespread surveillance programs that collected phone records and internet communications of millions of people, including American citizens. The PRISM program, for instance, allowed the NSA to access data directly from major technology companies including Google, Facebook, and Apple. While intelligence officials defended these programs as necessary for counterterrorism efforts, critics argued they represented an unprecedented intrusion into citizens’ private lives and exceeded the authority granted by surveillance laws.

E

Corporate surveillance presents equally significant challenges to privacy, though it operates through different mechanisms than government monitoring. Technology companies have developed sophisticated business models based on collecting detailed information about their users’ preferences, behaviors, and social connections. This data is used to target advertising, customize services, and train artificial intelligence systems. While users typically consent to data collection through terms of service agreements, critics point out that these agreements are often lengthy, complex, and presented on a “take it or leave it” basis that provides little genuine choice, especially for services that have become virtually essential for modern life.

F

The aggregation and analysis of personal data by private companies creates risks that extend beyond targeted advertising. Data brokers collect information from multiple sources to create comprehensive profiles of individuals, which are then sold to other companies or, in some cases, government agencies. Data breaches have repeatedly demonstrated the vulnerability of these vast databases to unauthorized access. When personal information is compromised, the consequences can include identity theft, financial fraud, and reputational damage. Moreover, the algorithms that process this data can perpetuate biases and discrimination, affecting decisions about employment, credit, insurance, and even criminal justice.

G

Addressing the challenges posed by digital surveillance requires multifaceted approaches that balance legitimate security needs with privacy protections. Some jurisdictions have implemented stronger data protection regulations, such as the European Union’s GDPR, which grants individuals greater control over their personal information and imposes strict requirements on organizations that collect and process data. Technological solutions, including encryption and privacy-enhancing tools, can help individuals protect their communications and online activities. However, privacy advocates argue that technological fixes alone are insufficient without robust legal frameworks and meaningful oversight of surveillance activities.

H

The debate over digital surveillance ultimately reflects a tension between competing values in democratic societies. Security and public safety are legitimate governmental interests, and modern surveillance technologies undoubtedly provide capabilities that can serve these objectives. Yet privacy is not merely a personal preference but a fundamental civil liberty that enables other freedoms, including freedom of speech, association, and political participation. When people know they are being monitored, they may self-censor or avoid certain associations, even when they are engaged in perfectly lawful activities. The chilling effect of surveillance can thus undermine the vibrant civic engagement that democracies depend upon. Finding the appropriate balance requires ongoing dialogue, transparent governance, and democratic accountability for surveillance programs.

Camera giám sát thành phố thông minh kết nối internet và hệ thống phân tích dữ liệu hiện đại

Questions 14-26

Questions 14-19

The passage has eight sections, A-H.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H.

14. A description of how companies use personal data for commercial purposes
15. An explanation of why smartphones are particularly effective surveillance tools
16. Reference to a specific whistleblower who exposed government surveillance programs
17. Discussion of how old privacy laws fail to protect modern digital data
18. Mention of the risks associated with algorithms processing personal data
19. Argument about why privacy is essential for democratic participation

Questions 20-23

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

20. According to the passage, metadata from smartphones can reveal:

• A) only a person’s exact location at any time
• B) detailed personal information about someone’s lifestyle and habits
• C) the specific content of all phone conversations
• D) only information about app purchases

21. The “third-party doctrine” mentioned in the passage:

• A) requires companies to protect customer data
• B) allows government to collect data shared with companies without warrants
• C) was created specifically for digital technology
• D) has been rejected by all US courts

22. The PRISM program enabled the NSA to:

• A) access data directly from major technology companies
• B) monitor only foreign communications
• C) improve internet security for citizens
• D) prevent all terrorist attacks

23. The passage suggests that terms of service agreements:

• A) effectively protect user privacy
• B) are written in simple, clear language
• C) provide little genuine choice for users
• D) are carefully read by most users

Questions 24-26

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Digital surveillance poses significant challenges to privacy in modern society. While governments argue that surveillance is necessary for (24) __ and investigating crimes, critics worry about potential abuse. The (25) __ revealed by Edward Snowden showed that government agencies were collecting data on millions of people. Both (26) __ and stronger laws are needed to protect privacy while addressing security concerns.

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PASSAGE 3 – Algorithmic Surveillance and the Transformation of Social Control

Độ khó: Hard (Band 7.0-9.0)

Thời gian đề xuất: 23-25 phút

The contemporary landscape of surveillance has undergone a paradigmatic shift that transcends the dystopian visions articulated in twentieth-century literature. While George Orwell’s concept of “Big Brother” envisioned a centralized surveillance state employing direct human observation, modern surveillance architectures increasingly rely on algorithmic systems that operate through decentralized networks of data collection, analysis, and automated decision-making. This transition from observational to computational surveillance represents not merely an incremental enhancement of existing monitoring capabilities but rather a qualitative transformation in the relationship between individuals and the institutions that govern them. The implications for civil liberties are multifarious and profound, challenging long-established assumptions about privacy, autonomy, and the appropriate scope of governmental power.

Predictive policing exemplifies the operationalization of algorithmic surveillance in the criminal justice domain. These systems analyze historical crime data, demographic information, and various other inputs to identify geographical areas where crimes are statistically likely to occur or individuals who are deemed at elevated risk of criminal involvement. Law enforcement agencies in numerous jurisdictions have embraced such technologies, arguing that they enable more efficient allocation of police resources and proactive intervention before crimes occur. However, critics contend that predictive policing systems perpetuate and amplify existing biases within the criminal justice system. Because these algorithms are trained on historical arrest data that reflects discriminatory policing practices, they tend to disproportionately target marginalized communities, creating a self-reinforcing cycle wherein increased police presence in certain neighborhoods leads to more arrests, which in turn validates the algorithm’s predictions and justifies continued intensive surveillance of these areas.

The epistemological challenges posed by algorithmic surveillance extend beyond questions of bias to encompass more fundamental concerns about transparency and accountability. Unlike traditional forms of surveillance, where the fact of observation is typically apparent to those being watched, algorithmic systems often operate opaquely, processing data and making determinations about individuals without their knowledge or understanding. The proprietary nature of many surveillance algorithms – protected as trade secrets by the private companies that develop them – further obscures their functioning from public scrutiny. This opacity creates what legal scholar Frank Pasquale terms the “black box society,” wherein individuals are increasingly subject to consequential decisions made by inscrutable systems whose logic and evidentiary basis remain inaccessible even to those adversely affected by them.

Social media platforms have emerged as particularly potent sites of algorithmic surveillance, facilitating unprecedented forms of behavioral monitoring and social control. These platforms collect extraordinarily granular data about their users’ interactions, preferences, and social networks, which is then processed by sophisticated machine learning algorithms to predict and influence behavior. While the most visible application of this surveillance infrastructure involves targeted advertising, the same technologies can be repurposed for political manipulation and social engineering. The Cambridge Analytica scandal, wherein a political consulting firm harvested data from millions of Facebook users without their explicit consent and used it to target voters with personalized political messaging, demonstrated how surveillance capabilities developed for commercial purposes could be weaponized to undermine democratic processes.

The Chinese Social Credit System represents perhaps the most comprehensive and systematic attempt to deploy algorithmic surveillance as a mechanism of social governance. This multifaceted program aggregates data from diverse sources – including financial records, social media activity, surveillance camera footage, and reports from employers and neighbors – to generate scores that purportedly measure citizens’ trustworthiness and compliance with social norms. These scores have tangible consequences, affecting individuals’ access to employment opportunities, educational institutions, transportation services, and other aspects of social and economic life. While Chinese officials present the system as promoting moral behavior and social harmony, critics view it as an Orwellian instrument of authoritarian control that punishes dissent and enforces conformity through pervasive surveillance and automated sanctioning.

The normalization of surveillance in contemporary society has been facilitated by what Shoshana Zuboff characterizes as “surveillance capitalism” – an economic model predicated on the commodification of personal data and the use of behavioral prediction for profit. Technology companies have cultivated a culture wherein constant data collection is presented as innocuous or even beneficial, offering convenience and personalization in exchange for access to users’ information. This bargain has become so embedded in digital life that many individuals have internalized surveillance as an inevitable and unremarkable aspect of modern existence, what some scholars term “privacy nihilism.” The erosion of privacy norms through gradual acclimatization to surveillance may ultimately prove more consequential than explicit governmental coercion, as it undermines the very conception of privacy as a valuable social good worth protecting.

Legal and regulatory frameworks have proven woefully inadequate to address the challenges posed by algorithmic surveillance. Traditional privacy law, predicated on notice-and-consent models, offers little meaningful protection in contexts where data collection is ubiquitous, consent is coerced through asymmetric power relationships, and the downstream uses of data are unpredictable and potentially limitless. The doctrine of “reasonable expectation of privacy,” which has long anchored Fourth Amendment jurisprudence in the United States, becomes increasingly untenable in an era where intimate information can be inferred from seemingly innocuous data through sophisticated analytical techniques. Courts have struggled to apply constitutional protections developed for a pre-digital age to contemporary surveillance technologies, often deferring to governmental claims of necessity while failing to rigorously scrutinize whether such claims withstand empirical examination.

The trajectory of surveillance technology suggests that current concerns may merely prefigure even more profound challenges. Emerging technologies such as ubiquitous biometric identification, emotion recognition systems, and brain-computer interfaces promise (or threaten) to extend surveillance into realms previously considered inviolably private – including thoughts, emotions, and subconscious responses. The integration of surveillance systems with artificial intelligence capable of autonomous decision-making raises speculative but plausible scenarios wherein algorithmic systems exercise forms of social control that operate independently of human oversight or intentionality. Addressing these challenges requires not merely technical fixes or incremental policy adjustments but rather a fundamental reconceptualization of the relationship between technology, governance, and human autonomy in democratic societies.

Hệ thống thuật toán trí tuệ nhân tạo phân tích và theo dõi hành vi người dùng trên mạng xã hội

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-31

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

27. According to the passage, modern surveillance differs from Orwell’s “Big Brother” concept primarily because it:

• A) involves more direct human observation
• B) is centralized in government agencies
• C) uses algorithmic and decentralized systems
• D) is less effective at monitoring citizens

28. The main criticism of predictive policing systems is that they:

• A) are too expensive for most police departments
• B) reinforce existing discrimination in law enforcement
• C) cannot accurately predict any types of crime
• D) require too much training for police officers

29. The term “black box society” refers to:

• A) secret government surveillance programs
• B) encrypted communication systems
• C) decisions made by systems whose logic is hidden
• D) storage facilities for surveillance data

30. The Cambridge Analytica scandal demonstrated that:

• A) social media surveillance can be used for political manipulation
• B) Facebook adequately protects user privacy
• C) political advertising should be completely banned
• D) commercial surveillance is always harmless

31. According to the passage, “privacy nihilism” means:

• A) actively fighting against all forms of surveillance
• B) accepting surveillance as normal and inevitable
• C) believing privacy laws are too strict
• D) promoting transparency in government

Questions 32-36

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

32. Predictive policing systems analyze historical crime data to identify areas where crimes are __.
33. Many surveillance algorithms are protected as __ by the companies that create them.
34. China’s Social Credit System aggregates data from multiple sources to measure citizens’ __.
35. Shoshana Zuboff describes the modern economic model based on personal data as __.
36. Traditional privacy law based on __ provides insufficient protection against modern surveillance.

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the passage?

Write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

37. Algorithmic surveillance represents only a minor improvement over traditional surveillance methods.
38. The opacity of surveillance algorithms makes accountability difficult.
39. All technology companies intentionally design systems to manipulate users politically.
40. Current legal frameworks are insufficient to regulate algorithmic surveillance effectively.

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3. Answer Keys – Đáp Án

PASSAGE 1: Questions 1-13

1. NOT GIVEN
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. heavily monitored
11. misuse
12. behavior patterns
13. transparency

PASSAGE 2: Questions 14-26

14. E
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. F
19. H
20. B
21. B
22. A
23. C
24. national security / counterterrorism efforts
25. widespread surveillance (programs)
26. technological solutions / privacy-enhancing tools

PASSAGE 3: Questions 27-40

27. C
28. B
29. C
30. A
31. B
32. statistically likely
33. trade secrets
34. trustworthiness / compliance
35. surveillance capitalism
36. notice-and-consent models
37. NO
38. YES
39. NOT GIVEN
40. YES

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4. Giải Thích Đáp Án Chi Tiết

Passage 1 – Giải Thích

Câu 1: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: UK, more surveillance cameras per person, any other country
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói “The United Kingdom leads the world in the deployment of closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems” và đưa ra con số “one camera for every eleven citizens” nhưng không so sánh trực tiếp với tất cả các quốc cả khác. “Leads the world” có thể hiểu theo nhiều nghĩa (tổng số, mật độ, công nghệ). Không đủ thông tin để khẳng định UK có nhiều camera trên đầu người nhất thế giới.

Câu 2: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: CCTV footage, successfully, solving, major criminal investigations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 6-8
• Giải thích: Bài viết khẳng định rõ ràng: “Indeed, CCTV footage has played a crucial role in numerous high-profile investigations, from terrorist attacks to street robberies.” “High-profile investigations” được paraphrase thành “major criminal investigations,” và “played a crucial role” đồng nghĩa với “used successfully in solving.”

Câu 3: FALSE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all research studies, agree, effectively reduce crime
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 1-6
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn nói rõ: “The effectiveness of CCTV systems in preventing crime remains a subject of debate among researchers. Some studies have found that cameras can reduce certain types of crime… However, other research suggests…” Từ “debate” và việc có những nghiên cứu mâu thuẫn cho thấy không phải tất cả nghiên cứu đều đồng ý, do đó câu trả lời là FALSE.

Câu 4: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: modern surveillance cameras, identify people, facial recognition technology
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói: “Facial recognition technology, which can automatically identify people by comparing camera footage to databases of photographs, is being deployed in an increasing number of locations.” Câu này khẳng định rõ ràng công nghệ nhận diện khuôn mặt có thể nhận dạng người, đúng với nội dung câu hỏi.

Câu 5: TRUE

• Dạng câu hỏi: True/False/Not Given
• Từ khóa: Germany, more restrictive laws, surveillance, most European countries
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn nói: “In Germany, strict privacy laws limit where cameras can be placed and how footage can be used, reflecting the country’s historical sensitivity about state surveillance.” Việc nhấn mạnh đến “strict privacy laws” của Đức và so sánh ngầm với các quốc gia khác (trước khi đề cập đến GDPR của EU và Trung Quốc) cho thấy Đức có luật nghiêm ngặt hơn.

Câu 6: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: main reasons, installing surveillance cameras
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ: “This proliferation of surveillance technology has been driven primarily by concerns about public safety and crime prevention.” Public safety là đáp án B. Các đáp án khác không được nhắc đến là lý do chính.

Câu 7: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: “chilling effect”
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 2-5
• Giải thích: Đoạn văn giải thích: “Privacy advocates express concern that constant monitoring creates a ‘chilling effect’ on public behavior, where people feel unable to act freely knowing they are being watched.” Đây chính là đáp án C – people feeling less free when being watched.

Câu 8: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: research, CCTV effectiveness, works best
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 6-9
• Giải thích: Bài đọc nói: “A comprehensive review conducted by the British Home Office found that CCTV was most effective when combined with other security measures, such as improved lighting and increased police patrols, rather than being relied upon as a standalone solution.” Đây là đáp án B.

Câu 9: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: China’s approach, surveillance
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “In contrast, countries like China have embraced surveillance technology with fewer restrictions.” “Fewer restrictions” được paraphrase thành “less regulated” trong đáp án C.

Câu 10: heavily monitored

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: London, 500,000 cameras, most _____ cities
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 4-5
• Giải thích: Câu gốc: “London alone has over 500,000 cameras, making it one of the most heavily monitored cities on the planet.”

Câu 11: misuse

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: privacy advocates, surveillance footage, subject to _____
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 6-8
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “There are also worries about data security and the potential for misuse of surveillance footage by those who have access to it.”

Câu 12: behavior patterns

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: surveillance systems, analyze _____
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 6-8
• Giải thích: Câu trong bài: “Some systems can even analyze behavior patterns and alert operators to ‘suspicious activities’ based on predetermined criteria.”

Câu 13: transparency

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: civil liberties organizations, need for _____ about camera locations
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 8, dòng 4-6
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “Transparency about where cameras are located, how footage is used, and who has access to it is considered essential by many civil liberties organizations.”

Passage 2 – Giải Thích

Câu 14: E

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: companies use personal data, commercial purposes
• Giải thích: Section E thảo luận về “Corporate surveillance” và nói rõ: “Technology companies have developed sophisticated business models based on collecting detailed information about their users’ preferences, behaviors, and social connections. This data is used to target advertising, customize services…”

Câu 15: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: smartphones, effective surveillance tools
• Giải thích: Section A bắt đầu với: “The smartphone has become perhaps the most powerful surveillance device ever created” và giải thích chi tiết về metadata, location tracking, và thông tin cá nhân mà smartphone thu thập.

Câu 16: D

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: whistleblower, exposed government surveillance
• Giải thích: Section D nói rõ: “The mass collection of communications data has become particularly controversial following revelations by whistleblower Edward Snowden in 2013.”

Câu 17: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: old privacy laws, fail to protect modern digital data
• Giải thích: Section C nói: “The legal frameworks governing digital surveillance have struggled to keep pace with technological change. Many privacy laws were written in an era before smartphones and internet services became ubiquitous…”

Câu 18: F

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: risks, algorithms processing personal data
• Giải thích: Section F đề cập: “Moreover, the algorithms that process this data can perpetuate biases and discrimination, affecting decisions about employment, credit, insurance, and even criminal justice.”

Câu 19: H

• Dạng câu hỏi: Matching Information
• Từ khóa: privacy essential, democratic participation
• Giải thích: Section H lập luận: “Yet privacy is not merely a personal preference but a fundamental civil liberty that enables other freedoms, including freedom of speech, association, and political participation.”

Câu 20: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: metadata from smartphones, can reveal
• Vị trí trong bài: Section A
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “This location data, when aggregated over time, can reveal extraordinarily intimate details about a person’s life: where they live and work, what religious institutions they attend, which medical facilities they visit, and whom they spend time with.” Đây là thông tin chi tiết về lifestyle và habits (đáp án B).

Câu 21: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: third-party doctrine
• Vị trí trong bài: Section C
• Giải thích: Bài đọc giải thích: “The ‘third-party doctrine,’ which holds that people have no reasonable expectation of privacy for information they voluntarily share with third parties, has allowed government agencies to collect vast amounts of data from technology companies without obtaining warrants.”

Câu 22: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: PRISM program, NSA
• Vị trí trong bài: Section D
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “The PRISM program, for instance, allowed the NSA to access data directly from major technology companies including Google, Facebook, and Apple.”

Câu 23: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: terms of service agreements
• Vị trí trong bài: Section E
• Giải thích: Bài đọc chỉ ra: “While users typically consent to data collection through terms of service agreements, critics point out that these agreements are often lengthy, complex, and presented on a ‘take it or leave it’ basis that provides little genuine choice.”

Câu 24: national security / counterterrorism efforts

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: governments argue, surveillance necessary
• Vị trí trong bài: Section B và D
• Giải thích: Section B nói về “law enforcement and national security purposes” và Section D đề cập “counterterrorism efforts.”

Câu 25: widespread surveillance (programs)

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: revealed by Edward Snowden
• Vị trí trong bài: Section D
• Giải thích: “Documents disclosed by Snowden revealed that the National Security Agency (NSA) had been conducting widespread surveillance programs…”

Câu 26: technological solutions / privacy-enhancing tools

• Dạng câu hỏi: Summary Completion
• Từ khóa: needed to protect privacy, stronger laws
• Vị trí trong bài: Section G
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói: “Technological solutions, including encryption and privacy-enhancing tools, can help individuals protect their communications… However, privacy advocates argue that technological fixes alone are insufficient without robust legal frameworks…”

Passage 3 – Giải Thích

Câu 27: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: modern surveillance, differs from Orwell’s Big Brother
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1, dòng 2-6
• Giải thích: Bài viết nói rõ: “While George Orwell’s concept of ‘Big Brother’ envisioned a centralized surveillance state employing direct human observation, modern surveillance architectures increasingly rely on algorithmic systems that operate through decentralized networks…” Đây chính là đáp án C.

Câu 28: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: main criticism, predictive policing systems
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 5-11
• Giải thích: “However, critics contend that predictive policing systems perpetuate and amplify existing biases within the criminal justice system. Because these algorithms are trained on historical arrest data that reflects discriminatory policing practices, they tend to disproportionately target marginalized communities…” Đây là đáp án B – reinforce existing discrimination.

Câu 29: C

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: “black box society”
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 6-10
• Giải thích: Bài đọc giải thích: “This opacity creates what legal scholar Frank Pasquale terms the ‘black box society,’ wherein individuals are increasingly subject to consequential decisions made by inscrutable systems whose logic and evidentiary basis remain inaccessible…” Đây là đáp án C.

Câu 30: A

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: Cambridge Analytica scandal, demonstrated
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 4, dòng 6-11
• Giải thích: “The Cambridge Analytica scandal… demonstrated how surveillance capabilities developed for commercial purposes could be weaponized to undermine democratic processes” thông qua việc “target voters with personalized political messaging.” Đây là đáp án A.

Câu 31: B

• Dạng câu hỏi: Multiple Choice
• Từ khóa: “privacy nihilism” means
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 6-9
• Giải thích: Bài viết giải thích: “This bargain has become so embedded in digital life that many individuals have internalized surveillance as an inevitable and unremarkable aspect of modern existence, what some scholars term ‘privacy nihilism.'” Chấp nhận surveillance như điều bình thường và không thể tránh khỏi chính là đáp án B.

Câu 32: statistically likely

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: predictive policing, analyze historical crime data, identify areas
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 2, dòng 1-4
• Giải thích: “These systems analyze historical crime data, demographic information, and various other inputs to identify geographical areas where crimes are statistically likely to occur…”

Câu 33: trade secrets

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: surveillance algorithms, protected as _____
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3, dòng 5-7
• Giải thích: “The proprietary nature of many surveillance algorithms – protected as trade secrets by the private companies that develop them – further obscures their functioning…”

Câu 34: trustworthiness / compliance

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: China’s Social Credit System, measure citizens’
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 5, dòng 3-5
• Giải thích: “This multifaceted program aggregates data from diverse sources… to generate scores that purportedly measure citizens’ trustworthiness and compliance with social norms.”

Câu 35: surveillance capitalism

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: Shoshana Zuboff, economic model, personal data
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 6, dòng 1-3
• Giải thích: “The normalization of surveillance in contemporary society has been facilitated by what Shoshana Zuboff characterizes as ‘surveillance capitalism’ – an economic model predicated on the commodification of personal data…”

Câu 36: notice-and-consent models

• Dạng câu hỏi: Sentence Completion
• Từ khóa: traditional privacy law, based on _____
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7, dòng 2-4
• Giải thích: “Traditional privacy law, predicated on notice-and-consent models, offers little meaningful protection in contexts where data collection is ubiquitous…”

Câu 37: NO

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: algorithmic surveillance, only minor improvement
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 1
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói rõ: “This transition from observational to computational surveillance represents not merely an incremental enhancement of existing monitoring capabilities but rather a qualitative transformation…” Điều này mâu thuẫn trực tiếp với việc chỉ là “minor improvement,” do đó đáp án là NO.

Câu 38: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: opacity of algorithms, accountability difficult
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 3
• Giải thích: Tác giả khẳng định: “This opacity creates… wherein individuals are increasingly subject to consequential decisions made by inscrutable systems…” và việc các thuật toán được bảo vệ như trade secrets làm chúng “obscures their functioning from public scrutiny.” Điều này rõ ràng đồng ý rằng opacity làm accountability khó khăn.

Câu 39: NOT GIVEN

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: all technology companies, intentionally, manipulate users politically
• Giải thích: Mặc dù bài viết đề cập đến Cambridge Analytica scandal và khả năng surveillance có thể được “repurposed for political manipulation,” tác giả không nói rằng TẤT CẢ các công ty công nghệ CỐ TÌNH thiết kế hệ thống để thao túng chính trị. Không đủ thông tin để khẳng định.

Câu 40: YES

• Dạng câu hỏi: Yes/No/Not Given
• Từ khóa: current legal frameworks, insufficient, regulate algorithmic surveillance
• Vị trí trong bài: Đoạn 7
• Giải thích: Tác giả nói rõ: “Legal and regulatory frameworks have proven woefully inadequate to address the challenges posed by algorithmic surveillance.” “Woefully inadequate” đồng nghĩa với “insufficient,” vậy đáp án là YES.

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5. Từ Vựng Quan Trọng Theo Passage

Passage 1 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
ubiquitous	adj	/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/	có mặt khắp nơi, phổ biến	surveillance cameras have become an ubiquitous feature	ubiquitous technology, ubiquitous presence
proliferation	n	/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/	sự gia tăng nhanh chóng	This proliferation of surveillance technology	proliferation of weapons, nuclear proliferation
instrumental	adj	/ˌɪnstrəˈmentl/	đóng vai trò quan trọng	has been instrumental in reducing crime rates	be instrumental in, instrumental role
deterrent	n	/dɪˈterənt/	biện pháp ngăn chặn, răn đe	acts as a deterrent to potential criminals	crime deterrent, nuclear deterrent
chilling effect	n phrase	/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ ɪˈfekt/	hiệu ứng gây sợ hãi, kìm hãm	creates a “chilling effect” on public behavior	have a chilling effect on
undermine	v	/ˌʌndəˈmaɪn/	làm suy yếu, phá hoại	undermines the fundamental democratic principle	undermine confidence, undermine authority
misuse	n/v	/ˌmɪsˈjuːs/	sự lạm dụng, lạm dụng	potential for misuse of surveillance footage	misuse of power, misuse of data
displace	v	/dɪsˈpleɪs/	di dời, chuyển dịch	may simply displace crime to other areas	displace people, displace responsibility
facial recognition	n phrase	/ˈfeɪʃl ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/	nhận diện khuôn mặt	Facial recognition technology is being deployed	facial recognition software, facial recognition system
oversight	n	/ˈoʊvərsaɪt/	sự giám sát, kiểm tra	oversight and accountability mechanisms	government oversight, regulatory oversight
accountability	n	/əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/	trách nhiệm giải trình	accountability mechanisms are needed	ensure accountability, lack of accountability
transparency	n	/trænsˈpærənsi/	sự minh bạch, rõ ràng	Transparency about camera locations	transparency in government, ensure transparency

Passage 2 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
comprehensive	adj	/ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/	toàn diện, bao quát	comprehensive tracking of citizens	comprehensive study, comprehensive review
metadata	n	/ˈmetədeɪtə/	siêu dữ liệu, dữ liệu về dữ liệu	smartphones continuously generate metadata	collect metadata, metadata analysis
leverage	v	/ˈlevərɪdʒ/	tận dụng, khai thác	Governments have sought to leverage this data	leverage technology, leverage resources
susceptible	adj	/səˈseptəbl/	dễ bị tổn thương, dễ mắc phải	makes it susceptible to abuse	susceptible to disease, susceptible to influence
third-party doctrine	n phrase	/θɜːrd ˈpɑːrti ˈdɑːktrɪn/	học thuyết bên thứ ba	The third-party doctrine allows data collection	apply the third-party doctrine
whistleblower	n	/ˈwɪslbloʊər/	người tố giác, người vạch trần	whistleblower Edward Snowden	famous whistleblower, whistleblower protection
unprecedented	adj	/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/	chưa từng có tiền lệ	unprecedented intrusion into private lives	unprecedented scale, unprecedented access
aggregation	n	/ˌæɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/	sự tổng hợp, tập hợp	The aggregation of personal data	data aggregation, aggregation of information
data breach	n phrase	/ˈdeɪtə briːtʃ/	rò rỉ dữ liệu, vi phạm an ninh dữ liệu	Data breaches have demonstrated vulnerability	suffer a data breach, major data breach
perpetuate	v	/pərˈpetʃueɪt/	làm tồn tại mãi, duy trì	algorithms can perpetuate biases	perpetuate stereotypes, perpetuate inequality
encryption	n	/ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/	mã hóa	Technological solutions including encryption	data encryption, encryption technology
self-censor	v	/self ˈsensər/	tự kiểm duyệt, tự kiềm chế	people may self-censor when monitored	tend to self-censor, self-censor speech
chilling effect	n phrase	/ˈtʃɪlɪŋ ɪˈfekt/	hiệu ứng kìm hãm	The chilling effect of surveillance	have a chilling effect, create a chilling effect
robust	adj	/roʊˈbʌst/	mạnh mẽ, vững chắc	robust legal frameworks are needed	robust system, robust protection
multifaceted	adj	/ˌmʌltiˈfæsɪtɪd/	nhiều mặt, đa chiều	requires multifaceted approaches	multifaceted problem, multifaceted approach

Passage 3 – Essential Vocabulary

Từ vựng	Loại từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ từ bài	Collocation
paradigmatic shift	n phrase	/ˌpærədɪɡˈmætɪk ʃɪft/	sự thay đổi mô hình, chuyển đổi căn bản	has undergone a paradigmatic shift	represent a paradigmatic shift
algorithmic	adj	/ˌælɡəˈrɪðmɪk/	thuộc về thuật toán	rely on algorithmic systems	algorithmic decision-making, algorithmic bias
decentralized	adj	/diːˈsentrəlaɪzd/	phi tập trung	operate through decentralized networks	decentralized system, decentralized structure
predictive policing	n phrase	/prɪˈdɪktɪv pəˈliːsɪŋ/	cảnh sát dự đoán (dùng AI)	Predictive policing exemplifies algorithmic surveillance	predictive policing system, predictive policing technology
perpetuate	v	/pərˈpetʃueɪt/	làm tồn tại lâu dài, duy trì	perpetuate and amplify existing biases	perpetuate discrimination, perpetuate stereotypes
disproportionately	adv	/ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːrʃənətli/	không cân xứng, quá mức	disproportionately target marginalized communities	disproportionately affected, disproportionately impact
self-reinforcing	adj	/self ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsɪŋ/	tự củng cố, tự tăng cường	creates a self-reinforcing cycle	self-reinforcing mechanism, self-reinforcing process
epistemological	adj	/ɪˌpɪstɪməˈlɑːdʒɪkl/	thuộc về nhận thức luận	epistemological challenges posed	epistemological questions, epistemological framework
opacity	n	/oʊˈpæsəti/	sự mờ đục, không rõ ràng	This opacity creates problems	opacity of algorithms, lack of transparency
proprietary	adj	/prəˈpraɪəteri/	độc quyền, riêng có	proprietary nature of algorithms	proprietary technology, proprietary information
inscrutable	adj	/ɪnˈskruːtəbl/	khó hiểu, bí ẩn	decisions made by inscrutable systems	inscrutable logic, inscrutable processes
granular	adj	/ˈɡrænjələr/	chi tiết, tỉ mỉ	collect extraordinarily granular data	granular data, granular level
weaponize	v	/ˈwepənaɪz/	vũ khí hóa, biến thành vũ khí	could be weaponized to undermine democracy	weaponize information, weaponize technology
commodification	n	/kəˌmɑːdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/	sự hàng hóa hóa	commodification of personal data	commodification of information, commodification of privacy
surveillance capitalism	n phrase	/sərˈveɪləns ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/	chủ nghĩa tư bản giám sát	Shoshana Zuboff characterizes as surveillance capitalism	rise of surveillance capitalism
privacy nihilism	n phrase	/ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnaɪɪlɪzəm/	chủ nghĩa hư vô về quyền riêng tư	what scholars term privacy nihilism	spread of privacy nihilism
woefully inadequate	adj phrase	/ˈwoʊfəli ɪnˈædɪkwət/	hoàn toàn không đầy đủ	proven woefully inadequate	woefully inadequate response
biometric	adj	/ˌbaɪoʊˈmetrɪk/	sinh trắc học	ubiquitous biometric identification	biometric data, biometric system
inviolably	adv	/ɪnˈvaɪələbli/	không thể xâm phạm	realms previously considered inviolably private	inviolably sacred, inviolably protected
autonomous	adj	/ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/	tự chủ, tự trị	capable of autonomous decision-making	autonomous systems, autonomous vehicles

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Kết Bài

Chủ đề “What Are The Effects Of Digital Surveillance On Civil Liberties?” không chỉ là một topic học thuật phổ biến trong IELTS Reading mà còn phản ánh những vấn đề thực tiễn mà xã hội hiện đại đang phải đối mặt. Qua bộ đề thi mẫu này, bạn đã được thực hành với ba passages có độ khó tăng dần, từ việc giới thiệu cơ bản về hệ thống camera giám sát công cộng, đến phân tích sâu về thu thập dữ liệu kỹ thuật số, và cuối cùng là khám phá những tác động phức tạp của giám sát thuật toán.

Ba passages tổng cộng hơn 2500 từ đã cung cấp cho bạn trải nghiệm làm bài như thi thật với đầy đủ 40 câu hỏi thuộc 7 dạng khác nhau. Đáp án chi tiết kèm giải thích không chỉ giúp bạn kiểm tra kết quả mà còn hiểu rõ cách xác định thông tin, kỹ thuật paraphrase và phương pháp tiếp cận từng loại câu hỏi.

Hơn 45 từ vựng chuyên ngành được tổng hợp trong các bảng từ vựng sẽ giúp bạn nâng cao vốn từ học thuật, đặc biệt là những từ liên quan đến công nghệ, quyền riêng tư, và xã hội số. Những từ này không chỉ hữu ích cho IELTS Reading mà còn xuất hiện thường xuyên trong Writing Task 2 và Speaking Part 3.

Hãy làm lại bộ đề này nhiều lần, chú ý đến thời gian và so sánh kết quả để theo dõi sự tiến bộ. Thực hành đều đặn với các đề thi chất lượng cao như thế này sẽ giúp bạn tự tin hơn và đạt band điểm mong muốn trong kỳ thi IELTS. Chúc bạn học tốt và thành công!